JP2021109154A - Water treatment additive and water treatment system - Google Patents
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本発明は、水処理用添加剤および水処理システム、詳しくは、下水の有機汚濁物質、懸濁物質、浮遊物質を分解消滅させることにより、活性汚泥法の有する問題点を解消することが可能な水処理用添加剤および水処理システムに関する。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can solve the problems of the activated sludge method by decomposing and extinguishing an additive for water treatment and a water treatment system, specifically, organic pollutants, suspended solids, and suspended solids in sewage. Regarding water treatment additives and water treatment systems.
従来から排水処理技術として一般的に知られている活性汚泥法は、活性汚泥が投入されている曝気槽に有機汚濁物質（ＢＯＤ成分）が所定比率で流入・混合され、数時間、曝気槽において曝気処理を行うことにより、好気的にＢＯＤ成分を酸化分解するものである。活性汚泥は、好気性の細菌、カビ、藻類、原生生物、ワムシ類、線虫類などの様々な微生物の集合体から構成される活性汚泥が投入されている。曝気処理を行った後、沈殿槽において活性汚泥物質を沈殿させ、上澄み液と活性汚泥とに分離し、その後、上澄み液は放流する一方、沈殿物である活性汚泥の一部は曝気槽に返送され、残りは汚泥または脱水ケーキとして回収・処理が行われる。この汚泥または脱水ケーキは独特の悪臭を放っている。 In the activated sludge method, which has been generally known as a wastewater treatment technique, an organic pollutant (BOD component) is inflowed and mixed at a predetermined ratio into an aeration tank in which activated sludge is charged, and the aeration tank is used for several hours. By performing aeration treatment, the BOD component is oxidatively decomposed aerobically. Activated sludge is introduced as activated sludge composed of aggregates of various microorganisms such as aerobic bacteria, molds, algae, protists, rotifers, and nematodes. After aeration treatment, the activated sludge substance is precipitated in the settling tank, separated into the supernatant liquid and the activated sludge, and then the supernatant liquid is discharged, while a part of the activated sludge which is the precipitate is returned to the aeration tank. The rest is collected and processed as sludge or dehydrated cake. This sludge or dehydrated cake gives off a peculiar stench.
活性汚泥の維持管理は、高度な技術が要求され、具体的には、流入させる排水のｐＨ管理、曝気の程度、沈降促進剤の添加量調整などの管理が排水処理の負担となっている。特に不適切な管理により、カビなどの糸状菌が大量に発生するバルキング現象に陥った場合、槽内は酸欠状態となり、ＢＯＤ成分の分解能力が低下するとともに汚泥の沈降効率が低下するため、バルキング現象の解消にかなりの日数を要する。最悪の場合には、曝気槽を空にして活性汚泥全体を交換する必要がある。 The maintenance of activated sludge requires advanced technology, and specifically, control of the pH of the inflowing wastewater, the degree of aeration, adjustment of the amount of the sedimentation accelerator added, and the like are burdens on the wastewater treatment. In particular, if a bulking phenomenon occurs in which a large amount of filamentous fungi such as mold is generated due to improper management, the inside of the tank becomes oxygen-deficient, the decomposition ability of BOD components decreases, and the sedimentation efficiency of sludge decreases. It takes a considerable number of days to resolve the bulking phenomenon. In the worst case, it is necessary to empty the aeration tank and replace the entire activated sludge.
また、活性汚泥法に使用する設備の維持管理に要するエネルギーの約４０％は曝気に関するものであり、曝気機能の維持には多大な経費がかかる。 In addition, about 40% of the energy required for the maintenance of the equipment used in the activated sludge method is related to aeration, and it costs a lot of money to maintain the aeration function.
これらの活性汚泥法の問題点は、排水処理により発生する活性汚泥が原因によるものであり、この汚泥を低減する方法として非特許文献１に記載の技術が提案されている。非特許文献１に記載の技術は、高濃度の有機物を短時間で分解できる排水処理の浄化能力が高く、かつ余剰汚泥を分解する酵素を大量に分泌するバチルス菌を排水処理用バチルス菌として生物反応槽（曝気槽）に投入することによって、余剰汚泥を削減することができるものである。 The problem of these activated sludge methods is caused by the activated sludge generated by wastewater treatment, and the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1 has been proposed as a method for reducing this sludge. The technique described in Non-Patent Document 1 uses Bacillus bacterium, which has a high purification ability for wastewater treatment capable of decomposing high-concentration organic matter in a short time and secretes a large amount of enzymes that decompose excess sludge, as a bacillus bacterium for wastewater treatment. Excess sludge can be reduced by putting it in the reaction tank (aeration tank).
しかしながら、非特許文献１に記載の技術によれば、曝気槽にバチルス菌を投入することから、曝気機能は必須であり、活性汚泥の維持費の問題を解決することができなかった。また、非特許文献１に記載の技術においても、汚泥を完全消滅させることを目標としておらず、依然として、汚泥または脱水ケーキによる独特の悪臭問題を解決することができなかった。 However, according to the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1, since Bacillus bacteria are introduced into the aeration tank, the aeration function is indispensable, and the problem of maintenance cost of activated sludge cannot be solved. Further, even in the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1, the goal is not to completely eliminate sludge, and the problem of peculiar malodor caused by sludge or dehydrated cake has not yet been solved.
そこで、発明者は、曝気を間欠曝気とすることで、曝気による活性汚泥の維持費や環境負荷を低減することを目標とし、バチルス菌による汚泥の分解メカニズムに着目した。そして、低酸素濃度であっても汚泥の構成物質である有機汚濁物質等を分解する微生物を投入するだけでなく、これらの微生物を活性化させ、かつ、微生物による有機汚濁物質等の酵素分解により生成する代謝副産物であるアミノ酸、糖類に悪臭の原因物質を吸着させ、分解できるようにすることによって、活性汚泥法の抱える問題をすべて解決できることを知見し、本発明を完成させた。 Therefore, the inventor aimed to reduce the maintenance cost and environmental load of activated sludge by aeration by using intermittent aeration, and focused on the sludge decomposition mechanism by Bacillus. Then, not only the microorganisms that decompose the organic pollutants that are constituents of sludge are introduced even at a low oxygen concentration, but also these microorganisms are activated and the organic pollutants and the like are enzymatically decomposed by the microorganisms. We have found that all the problems of the activated sludge method can be solved by adsorbing the substances that cause malodor to the produced metabolic by-products, amino acids and sugars, and making them decomposeable, and completed the present invention.
本発明は、下水の有機汚濁物質、懸濁物質、浮遊物質を分解消滅させることにより、活性汚泥法の有する維持管理、臭気に関する問題点を解消することが可能な水処理用添加剤および水処理システムを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention is an additive for water treatment and water treatment capable of solving problems related to maintenance and odor of the activated sludge method by decomposing and extinguishing organic pollutants, suspended solids and suspended solids in sewage. The purpose is to provide a system.
請求項１に記載の発明は、間欠曝気槽を有する水処理システムにおいて、この間欠曝気槽に投入し下水の有機汚濁物質、懸濁物質、浮遊物質を分解消滅させる水処理用添加剤であって、酸素非発生型光合成微生物と、好気性内生胞子形成菌と、セラチア属細菌と、放線菌と、有した微生物複合体からなる水処理用添加剤である。 The invention according to claim 1 is a water treatment additive for a water treatment system having an intermittent aeration tank, which is charged into the intermittent aeration tank to decompose and eliminate organic pollutants, suspended solids, and suspended solids in sewage. , An oxygen-free photosynthetic microorganism, an aerobic endospore-forming bacterium, a bacterium of the genus Seratia, an aerated bacterium, and an additive for water treatment composed of a microbial complex.
請求項２に記載の発明は、前記微生物複合体に、酵素活性補助剤が含まれ、前記酵素活性補助剤は、アミノ酸、ミネラル分が含まれた液肥からなる請求項１に記載の水処理用添加剤である。 The invention according to claim 2 is for water treatment according to claim 1, wherein the microbial complex contains an enzyme activity auxiliary agent, and the enzyme activity auxiliary agent comprises a liquid fertilizer containing amino acids and minerals. It is an additive.
請求項３に記載の発明は、間欠曝気槽を有し、下水の有機汚濁物質、懸濁物質、浮遊物質を分解消滅させる水処理システムであって、前記間欠曝気槽に、請求項１または請求項２に記載の水処理用添加剤を添加する水処理システムである。 The invention according to claim 3 is a water treatment system having an intermittent aeration tank that decomposes and extinguishes organic pollutants, suspended solids, and suspended solids in sewage. This is a water treatment system for adding the water treatment additive according to Item 2.
本発明は、水処理システムの間欠曝気槽に投入される水処理用添加剤である。この添加剤は、酸素非発生型光合成微生物と、好気性内生胞子形成菌（従来から使用されているバチルス菌を含む。）と、セラチア属細菌と、放線菌と、有した微生物複合体から構成されている。
本発明にあっては、酸素非発生型光合成微生物が投入されている。酸素非発生型光合成微生物（酸素非発生型光合成細菌）は、光合成を行う微生物のうち、紅色細菌や紅色非硫黄細菌などのように酸素を発生しない微生物をいう。酸素非発生型光合成微生物は酸素の供給があれば光エネルギーに関係なく好気性微生物のように有機物を分解することが可能である。また、酸素の供給がない場合には、光エネルギーにより有機物を分解することが可能である。間欠曝気槽では、酸素（空気）が供給されている時間と、酸素が供給されていない時間とが存在するが、酸素非発生型光合成微生物が間欠曝気槽に投入されることにより、いずれの時間帯であっても、有機物を分解することが可能となる。また、酸素非発生型光合成微生物は、光合成によりアミノ酸や糖類を生成することができる。生成されたアミノ酸やブドウ糖は、悪臭の原因物質を吸着することが可能であり、悪臭を低減させることが可能となる。
また、本発明では放線菌が投入されている。放線菌は一般に、グラム陽性の細菌のうち、細胞が菌糸を形成して細長く増殖する形態的特徴を示すものをいう。好気性土壌微生物のうちの放線菌は、有機物を分解するだけでなく、酸素非発生型光合成微生物の光合成により生成されたアミノ酸から抗生物質を生成し、微生物複合体の生存環境を整えることが可能となる。
さらに、有機物の分解のために、好気性内生胞子形成菌のほかに、通性嫌気性部生物であるセラチア属細菌が含まれている。これにより、間欠曝気における曝気状態に問わず有機物の分解が可能となる。
The present invention is an additive for water treatment that is charged into an intermittent aeration tank of a water treatment system. This additive is derived from an oxygen-free photosynthetic microorganism, an aerobic endospore-forming bacterium (including the conventionally used Bacillus bacterium), a Seratia genus bacterium, an actinomycete, and a microbial complex possessed. It is configured.
In the present invention, oxygen-free photosynthetic microorganisms are introduced. Oxygen-free photosynthetic microorganisms (oxygen-free photosynthetic bacteria) are microorganisms that do not generate oxygen, such as purple bacteria and purple non-sulfur bacteria, among the microorganisms that perform photosynthesis. Non-oxygen-generating photosynthetic microorganisms can decompose organic matter like aerobic microorganisms regardless of light energy if oxygen is supplied. In addition, when there is no supply of oxygen, it is possible to decompose organic matter by light energy. In the intermittent aeration tank, there are times when oxygen (air) is supplied and times when oxygen is not supplied. However, when oxygen-non-generating photosynthetic microorganisms are introduced into the intermittent aeration tank, any time is required. Even if it is a band, it is possible to decompose organic substances. In addition, oxygen-free photosynthetic microorganisms can produce amino acids and sugars by photosynthesis. The produced amino acids and glucose can adsorb substances that cause malodor, and can reduce malodor.
Further, in the present invention, actinomycetes are introduced. Actinomycetes generally refer to Gram-positive bacteria that exhibit morphological characteristics in which cells form hyphae and proliferate in an elongated manner. Among aerobic soil microorganisms, actinomycetes can not only decompose organic substances but also produce antibiotics from amino acids produced by photosynthesis of oxygen-free photosynthetic microorganisms to prepare the living environment of microbial complexes. It becomes.
Furthermore, for the decomposition of organic matter, in addition to aerobic endospore-forming bacteria, Serratia bacteria, which are facultative anaerobic organisms, are included. This enables decomposition of organic substances regardless of the aeration state in intermittent aeration.
特に請求項２に記載の発明によれば、アミノ酸、ミネラル分が含まれた液肥からなる酵素活性補助剤を間欠曝気槽に投入する。アミノ酸の添加により、放線菌から生成される抗生物質の生成量が増加し、微生物複合体の生存環境をより最適化することが可能となる。さらに、ミネラル分の添加により、微生物複合体が活性化し、最適環境下において有機物の分解を促進することが可能となる。 In particular, according to the invention of claim 2, an enzyme activity auxiliary agent composed of liquid fertilizer containing amino acids and minerals is put into an intermittent aeration tank. The addition of amino acids increases the amount of antibiotics produced by actinomycetes, making it possible to further optimize the living environment of the microbial complex. Furthermore, the addition of minerals activates the microbial complex, making it possible to promote the decomposition of organic matter under the optimum environment.
本発明によれば、酸素非発生型光合成微生物、好気性微生物、通性嫌気性微生物により、酸素の有無を問わず有機物の分解が可能となる。これにより、間欠曝気であっても汚泥を消滅させることが可能となり、曝気による必要エネルギーを抑えることが可能となり、活性汚泥の維持費の低下につながる。
また、酸素非発生型光合成微生物により生成されたアミノ酸やブドウ糖は、悪臭の原因物質を吸着することが可能であり、悪臭を低減させることが可能となる。
さらに、酸素非発生型光合成微生物により生成されたアミノ酸は、放線菌によって抗生物質を生成し、微生物複合体の生存環境を整えることが可能となる。
According to the present invention, non-oxygen-generating photosynthetic microorganisms, aerobic microorganisms, and facultative anaerobic microorganisms can decompose organic substances with or without oxygen. As a result, sludge can be extinguished even with intermittent aeration, the energy required for aeration can be suppressed, and the maintenance cost of activated sludge can be reduced.
In addition, amino acids and glucose produced by non-oxygen-generating photosynthetic microorganisms can adsorb substances that cause malodor, and can reduce malodor.
Furthermore, amino acids produced by non-oxygen-generating photosynthetic microorganisms can produce antibiotics by actinomycetes, and can prepare the living environment of the microbial complex.
特に、請求項２に記載の発明によれば、アミノ酸の添加により、放線菌から生成される抗生物質の生成量が増加し、微生物複合体の生存環境をより最適化することが可能となる。さらに、ミネラル分の添加により、微生物複合体が活性化し、最適環境下において有機物の分解を促進することが可能となる。 In particular, according to the invention of claim 2, the addition of amino acids increases the amount of antibiotics produced from actinomycetes, making it possible to further optimize the living environment of the microbial complex. Furthermore, the addition of minerals activates the microbial complex, making it possible to promote the decomposition of organic matter under the optimum environment.
本発明の実施例に係る水処理システムについて、図１を参照しながら説明する。
本発明の実施例に係る水処理システムは、栃木県矢板市沢地区農集排水処理場に存在する水処理システムを使用している。具体的には、水処理を行うために貯留する原水槽と、間欠曝気を行う間欠曝気槽、そして、固形物を沈降分離する沈殿槽を並列に設置し、原水槽、間欠曝気槽、沈殿槽の順に連続して流水できるようにそれぞれの槽をパイプで連結している。
The water treatment system according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The water treatment system according to the embodiment of the present invention uses a water treatment system existing in the agricultural wastewater treatment plant in the Sawa district of Yaita City, Tochigi Prefecture. Specifically, a raw water tank that stores water for water treatment, an intermittent aeration tank that performs intermittent aeration, and a settling tank that separates solids by sedimentation are installed in parallel, and the raw water tank, intermittent aeration tank, and settling tank are installed in parallel. Each tank is connected by a pipe so that water can flow continuously in the order of.
この間欠曝気槽に微生物複合体と酵素活性補助剤（液肥）とを混合組成物として投入する。
微生物複合体は、光合成微生物である紅色非硫黄微生物、好気性内生胞子形成菌であるバチルス菌、好気性土壌微生物であるシュードモナス属微生物、通性嫌気性部生物であるセラチア属細菌、放線菌群であるストレプトミセス属放線菌とから構成される。微生物複合体の各微生物は、混合組成物重量１００％に対して、３重量％以上となるように調整した。
また、酵素活性補助剤（液肥）として、窒素１．５％以上、リン０．５％以上、カルシウム１．０％以上含まれ、アミノ酸、ミネラルが豊富な液肥を混合組成物１００重量％に対して５０〜８０％となるように調整配合した。
また、光合成生物、高等植物から採取したカロテノイドを混合組成物１００重量％に対して２０〜５０重量％となるように調整配合した。
さらに、腐植酸を、今後嘘生物１００重量％に対して３％未満とし、粘土鉱物をミネラル分として１〜３重量％となるように調整配合した。
The microbial complex and the enzyme activity auxiliary agent (liquid fertilizer) are put into this intermittent aeration tank as a mixed composition.
Microbial complexes include red non-sulfur microorganisms that are photosynthetic microorganisms, Bacillus bacteria that are aerobic endospore-forming bacteria, Pseudomonas microorganisms that are aerobic soil microorganisms, Seratia bacteria that are facultative anaerobic organisms, and actinomycetes. It is composed of a group of Streptomyces genus actinomycetes. Each microorganism in the microbial complex was adjusted to be 3% by weight or more with respect to 100% by weight of the mixed composition.
In addition, as an enzyme activity auxiliary agent (liquid fertilizer), liquid fertilizer containing 1.5% or more of nitrogen, 0.5% or more of phosphorus, 1.0% or more of calcium, and rich in amino acids and minerals is added to 100% by weight of the mixed composition. It was adjusted and blended so as to be 50 to 80%.
In addition, carotenoids collected from photosynthetic organisms and higher plants were adjusted and blended so as to be 20 to 50% by weight based on 100% by weight of the mixed composition.
Further, the humic acid was adjusted to be less than 3% by weight based on 100% by weight of the lie organism, and the clay mineral was adjusted to be 1 to 3% by weight as the mineral content.
水処理対象物は、下水であって、有機汚濁物質濃度（ＢＯＤ）が平均２５０ｐｐｍ、懸濁物質、浮遊物質濃度（ＳＳ）が平均２００ｐｐｍであった。この下水の流入量は１日あたり３５０トンであった。間欠曝気槽の容量は３０トンであり、１日あたり、混合組成物１０．５トンと沈殿槽からの返送汚泥を約４トン投入し、３日間、間欠曝気を行った。 The object to be treated was sewage, and the organic pollutant concentration (BOD) was 250 ppm on average, and the suspended substance and suspended substance concentration (SS) was 200 ppm on average. The inflow of this sewage was 350 tons per day. The capacity of the intermittent aeration tank was 30 tons, and 10.5 tons of the mixed composition and about 4 tons of sludge returned from the settling tank were charged per day, and intermittent aeration was performed for 3 days.
その結果、混合組成物における各種微生物の作用を極大化させ、有機物を短時間で消滅でき、下水の有機汚濁物質濃度、懸濁物質、浮遊物質濃度が改善されただけでなく、極端に汚泥が減量したことを確認できた。
As a result, the action of various microorganisms in the mixed composition can be maximized, organic substances can be eliminated in a short time, the concentration of organic pollutants, suspended solids, and suspended solids in sewage is improved, and sludge is extremely generated. I was able to confirm that I had lost weight.
Claims (3)
酸素非発生型光合成微生物と、好気性内生胞子形成菌と、セラチア属細菌と、放線菌と、有した微生物複合体からなる水処理用添加剤。 In a water treatment system having an intermittent aeration tank, it is an additive for water treatment that is put into the intermittent aeration tank to decompose and eliminate organic pollutants, suspended solids, and suspended solids in sewage.
An additive for water treatment consisting of a non-oxygen-generating photosynthetic microorganism, an aerobic endospore-forming bacterium, a Serratia bacterium, an actinomycete, and a microbial complex.
前記酵素活性補助剤は、アミノ酸、ミネラル分が含まれた液肥からなる請求項１に記載の水処理用添加剤。 The microbial complex contains an enzyme activity aid and
The water treatment additive according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme activity auxiliary agent comprises a liquid fertilizer containing amino acids and minerals.
下水の有機汚濁物質、懸濁物質、浮遊物質を分解消滅させる水処理システムであって、
前記間欠曝気槽に、請求項１または請求項２に記載の水処理用添加剤を添加する水処理システム。 Has an intermittent aeration tank,
A water treatment system that decomposes and eliminates organic pollutants, suspended solids, and suspended solids in sewage.
A water treatment system for adding the water treatment additive according to claim 1 or 2 to the intermittent aeration tank.
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| CN114105314A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-01 | 苏州中晟环境修复有限公司 | Water environment restoration material and preparation method thereof |
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