CN112244042A - Application of herba delphinii or extract thereof in preventing and treating sisalana ananas comosus - Google Patents
Application of herba delphinii or extract thereof in preventing and treating sisalana ananas comosus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tropical crop pest control, and particularly relates to an application of crambe segetum or crambe segetum extract in control of sisal hemp, new pineapple and mealybugs. The researches of the invention find that the delphinium polycephalum extract has a high-efficiency poisoning effect on the sisal hemp new pineapple mealybugs, and the delphinium polycephalum extract belongs to a plant source component, can effectively prevent the generation of drug resistance of the sisal hemp new pineapple mealybugs, and is non-toxic and harmless to people and livestock, environment-friendly and long in action period. Provides a more green and safe choice for the development of the plant source pesticide for preventing and controlling sisal hemp, new pineapple and mealybugs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of tropical crop pests. More particularly, relates to the application of crassula argentea or crassula argentea extract in preventing and treating sisal hemp new pineapple mealybugs.
Background
The mealybugs of new pineapple is an important pest on sisal, and mainly harms plants such as pineapples, bananas, cherimoya, oranges, grapes and the like. Eggs, larvae and adults are parasitic on the surface of a host plant, which can cause malnutrition of the host plant, weak tree vigor, a large amount of fallen leaves and fallen fruits, and death of the plant in severe cases. The female inhales the mesophyll juice to live, and the pests secrete honeydew at the same time, so that a large amount of soot diseases are caused, the photosynthesis of plants is seriously influenced, and the economic value of the plants is reduced. The insect is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and once spread, it causes serious damage to fruits, vegetables, flowers and other plants.
The main control strategy at present is the control of chemical agents, such as the poisoning effect of neonicotinoid insecticides on mealybugs of pineapple gray as mentioned in the literature [ toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides on mealybugs of pineapple gray [ J ]. environmental insect reports ], but the chemical agents have great harm to the safety of people and livestock and the ecological environment, and the long-term use of a large amount of chemical synthetic agents can easily cause the drug resistance of sisal hemp neopineapple gray scale. In addition, Chinese patent with publication number CN102776130A provides a metarhizium anisopliae strain which can be used for preparing insecticide of Lecanicillium neobrevipes, but the control effect of biological agents is slower. The main components of the botanical insecticide are derived from plants, the botanical insecticide is easy to degrade in natural environment and not easy to cause environmental pollution, the safety to human and livestock is superior to that of a chemically synthesized insecticide, the generation of drug resistance of pests can be effectively relieved, but reports on the prevention and treatment of the sisal hemp, new pineapple and mealybugs by using the botanical insecticide are rarely seen at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects and shortcomings of the existing technology for preventing and controlling sisal hemp new pineapple mealybugs, provides the application of the delphinium or the extract of the delphinium in preventing and controlling the sisal hemp new pineapple mealybugs, and provides a novel natural plant medicine source for effectively preventing and controlling the sisal hemp new pineapple mealybugs.
The herba delphinii refers to whole plant of Delphinium brunnense (Delphinium brunneum Royle) belonging to family Ranunculaceae. Mainly distributed in Tibet. Has the functions of dispelling wind, stopping itching, cooling blood and detoxicating. It is commonly used for influenza, prurigo of skin, and snake bite. The whole herb contains delphinidin (bruonine), and the flower also contains alkaloids such as delbrunine, delbrualine, and delbrusin. The invention finds that methanol extract and extract of whole grass of setback has efficient poisoning effect on the mealybugs of sisal new pineapple, can effectively prevent and treat the mealybugs of sisal new pineapple, belongs to plant source components, can effectively prevent the drug resistance of the mealybugs of sisal new pineapple, and is non-toxic and harmless to human and livestock, environment-friendly and long in action period. Provides a more green and safe choice for the development of the plant source pesticide for preventing and controlling sisal hemp, new pineapple and mealybugs.
The invention mainly aims to provide the application of delphinium or an extract thereof in preventing and controlling mealybugs of sisal hemp, new pineapple.
The invention also aims to provide application of the delphinium or the extract of the delphinium in preparing a medicament for preventing and treating the mealybugs of sisal hemp, new pineapple.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an agent for preventing and treating mealybugs of sisal hemp, neopineapple, comprising delphinium or an extract thereof.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to the research of the invention, the delphinium grandiflorum extract has poisoning activity on the mealybugs of new pineapples of sisal, so that the invention requests to protect the application of the delphinium grandiflorum or the delphinium grandiflorum extract in the prevention and treatment of the mealybugs of new pineapples of sisal and the application of the delphinium grandiflorum or the delphinium grandiflorum extract in the preparation of medicaments for preventing and treating the mealybugs of new pineapples of sisal.
Preferably, the crassula argentea extract is a methanol extract, a petroleum ether extract, a chloroform extract, an ethyl acetate extract, a n-butanol extract and a total alkaloid of crassula argentea.
Among the extracts, the total alkaloids from delphinium segetum have the best effect on preventing and treating sisal hemp, new pineapple and mealybugs.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the methanol extract of delphinium grandiflorum comprises the following steps: crushing the dried crambella uncinata, adding anhydrous methanol into the crushed crambella uncinata according to the material-liquid ratio of 1g to 10-15 mL for leaching for 36-48 h each time for 3-4 times, combining the extracting solutions, performing rotary evaporation at 50-55 ℃, and concentrating to obtain a paste-like crambella uncinata methanol extract.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the petroleum ether extract of delphinium comprises the following steps: suspending the methanol extract of the crambella cleistolochia in 150 times of distilled water, and mixing the methanol extract with the water solution of the methanol extract: petroleum ether is 1: 2, adding petroleum ether for extraction at the extraction temperature of 28-30 ℃ for 2-2.5 hours, separating liquid, performing rotary evaporation at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, and concentrating to obtain an extractum, namely the petroleum ether extract of the larch.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the crassula delphinium chloroform extract is as follows: suspending the methanol extract of the crambe podocarpus in distilled water with the volume of 150 times, and mixing the methanol extract with the water solution of the methanol extract: 1, trichloromethane: 2, adding trichloromethane for extraction at the extraction temperature of 28-30 ℃ for 2-2.5 hours, separating liquid, performing rotary evaporation at the temperature of 45-55 ℃, and concentrating to obtain an extract, namely the trichloromethane extract of delphinium.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the ethyl acetate extract of herba delphinii comprises the following steps: suspending the methanol extract of the crambe podocarpus in distilled water with the volume of 150 times, and mixing the methanol extract with the water solution of the methanol extract: ethyl acetate ═ 1: 2, adding ethyl acetate for extraction at the extraction temperature of 28-30 ℃ for 2-2.5 hours, separating, performing rotary evaporation at the temperature of 55-65 ℃, and concentrating to obtain an extract, namely the ethylene acetate extract of the delphinium.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the n-butanol extract of herba delphinii comprises the following steps: suspending the methanol extract of the crambe podocarpus in distilled water with the volume of 150 times, and mixing the methanol extract with the water solution of the methanol extract: n-butanol is 1: 2, adding n-butyl alcohol for extraction at the extraction temperature of 28-30 ℃ for 2-2.5 hours, separating liquid, performing rotary evaporation at the temperature of 65-75 ℃, and concentrating to obtain an extractum, namely the n-butyl alcohol extract of the delphinium.
As a preferred embodiment, the preparation method of the total alkaloids from delphinium japonicum comprises the following steps: suspending the methanol extract of the crambella cleistolochia in distilled water with the volume 150 times that of the crambella cleistolochia, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 2-3, and mixing the methanol extract with the water solution of the methanol extract: ethyl acetate ═ 1: 2, adding ethyl acetate for extraction at the extraction temperature of 28-30 ℃ for 2-2.5 h, adjusting the pH of a water layer to 9-10, and mixing the water layer: ethyl acetate ═ 1: and (3) adding ethyl acetate again for extraction according to the volume ratio of 1, wherein the extraction temperature is 28-30 ℃, the extraction time is 2-2.5 hours, and the rotary evaporation is carried out at 55-65 ℃, and the concentration is carried out until the extract is obtained, namely the total alkaloids of the delphinium japonicum.
The invention also claims an agent containing the delphinium or the extract of the delphinium for preventing and treating the mealybugs of sisal hemp new pineapple.
The preparation formulation of the medicament can be wettable powder, soluble powder, water dispersible granules, suspending agents, missible oil, aqueous emulsion, microemulsion, powder, granules, effervescent tablets, dispersible tablets, microcapsules, seed coating agents and the like.
Preferably, the preparation form of the medicament is a suspending agent, and the suspending agent is prepared by 0.1% of tween-80 and the delphinium extract, wherein the content of the delphinium extract in a mass-volume ratio can be 5000-10000 mg/L.
Further preferably, the methanol extract of herba delphinii in the preparation has a concentration of 5000mg/L for 2-year old and 3-year old sisal new pineapple gray scale.
Further preferably, for the adult female Lecanicillium siskoense, the concentration of the methanol extract of the delphinium bursitis in the preparation is 10000 mg/L.
Further preferably, for adult sisal hemp new pineapple gray mealybugs of 2 instar, 3 instar and female, the concentration of the used medicament in the delphinium petroleum ether extract or the chloroform extract or the ethyl acetate extract or the n-butanol extract or the total alkaloids of the delphinium is 5000 mg/L.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the methanol extract and the extract of the whole grass of the delphinium polycephalum are researched and found to have efficient poisoning effect on the mealybugs of the sisal hemp new pineapples, can effectively prevent and control the mealybugs of the sisal hemp new pineapples, and the delphinium polycephalum extract belongs to a plant source component, can effectively prevent the drug resistance of the mealybugs of the sisal hemp new pineapples, and is non-toxic and harmless to people and livestock, environment-friendly and long in action period. Provides a more green and safe choice for the development of the plant source pesticide for preventing and controlling sisal hemp, new pineapple and mealybugs.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1 preparation of methanol extract of Selaginella canadensis
Pulverizing herba Selaginellae Doederleinii, adding anhydrous methanol at a material-liquid ratio of 1 g: 10mL, leaching for 3 times in 48 hr each time, mixing extractive solutions, rotary evaporating at 50 deg.C, and concentrating to obtain extract.
Example 2 preparation of extract of herba delphinii
1. Preparation of petroleum ether extract of herba delphinii
The methanol extract of the delphinium grandis obtained in example 1 was taken, suspended in 150-fold distilled water, and the ratio of the methanol extract aqueous solution: petroleum ether is 1: 2, adding petroleum ether for extraction at the extraction temperature of 28 ℃ for 2 hours, separating liquid, performing rotary evaporation at the temperature of 50 ℃, and concentrating to obtain an extractum, namely the petroleum ether extract of the delphinium.
2. Preparation of Trichosanthes canadensis chloroform extract
The methanol extract of delphinium grandis obtained in example 1 was suspended in 150-fold volume of distilled water, and the ratio of methanol extract aqueous solution: 1, trichloromethane: 2, adding trichloromethane for extraction at the extraction temperature of 30 ℃ for 2 hours, separating liquid, performing rotary evaporation at the temperature of 45 ℃, and concentrating to obtain an extract, namely the delphinium tricornutum trichloromethane extract.
3. Preparation of ethyl acetate extract of herba delphinii
The methanol extract of delphinium grandis obtained in example 1 was suspended in 150-fold volume of distilled water, and the ratio of methanol extract aqueous solution: ethyl acetate ═ 1: 2, extracting at 30 ℃ for 2.5h, separating, performing rotary evaporation at 65 ℃, and concentrating to obtain an extract, namely the ethylene acetate extract of the delphinium.
4. Preparation of n-butanol extract of herba delphinii
The methanol extract of delphinium grandis obtained in example 1 was suspended in 150-fold volume of distilled water, and the ratio of methanol extract aqueous solution: n-butanol is 1: 2, adding n-butanol at the extraction temperature of 28 ℃ for 2 hours, separating liquid, performing rotary evaporation at 75 ℃, and concentrating to obtain an extract, namely the n-butanol extract of the delphinium.
5. Preparation of total alkaloids from herba Selaginellae Doederleinii
The methanol extract of delphinium grandis obtained in example 1 was suspended in 150-fold volume of distilled water, and the pH was adjusted to 2 with hydrochloric acid, according to the methanol extract aqueous solution: ethyl acetate ═ 1: 2, adding ethyl acetate for extraction at the extraction temperature of 30 ℃ for 2.5h, adjusting the pH of a water layer to 9, and adding the water layer: ethyl acetate ═ 1: 1, extracting with ethyl acetate again at 30 ℃ for 2.5h, performing rotary evaporation at 65 ℃, and concentrating to obtain extractum to obtain the total alkaloids.
Example 3 determination of the poisoning Activity of the extract of Selaginella canadensis on the Lepidium cochinchinensis (Mesema ananati) Lecanicillium
1. Experimental methods
The extract of delphinium japonicum prepared in example 2 was diluted with 0.1% tween-80 aqueous solution and prepared at a concentration of 10000mg/L and 5000mg/L, respectively. The concentration of the methanol extract of the delphinium grandiflorum used by 2-instar and 3-instar sisal hemp, new pineapple, mealybugs is 5000mg/L, and the concentration of the methanol extract of the delphinium grandiflorum used by female adults is 10000 mg/L; the concentrations of herba delphinii extract and herba delphinii total alkaloids used by 2-year-old, 3-year-old, female adult sisal hemp new pineapple mealybugs are 5000 mg/L.
Cutting fresh sisal hemp leaves into 2cm small sections, and slightly and respectively sweeping nymphs or adults of the same batch of the pumpkin onto the sisal hemp leaves by using small brushes. Then sweeping the insect into the corresponding plant extract or a control solvent, soaking for 5s, taking out, placing on sisal hemp leaves (the diameter is 90mm, the height is 15mm) in a culture dish with moisturizing filter paper paved at the bottom of the dish, wherein the number of tested insects in each culture dish is 20, repeating each treatment for 3 times, and recording the number of dead heads after 24h, 48h and 72h respectively by taking a 0.1% Tween-80 aqueous solution as a control. Criteria for determining death: the death is observed under the stereoscope when the bodies of the mealybugs of the new pineapple gray are shriveled and dark in color or the bodies are slightly touched by a brush to be immobile.
2. Results of the experiment
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the results of the poisoning experiment in Table 1, the methanol extract of crambe mairei has the poisoning effect of 83.33%, 81.67% and 71.67% on adult 2-instar, 3-instar and female anabrosis amabilis of New pineapple gray scale within 48 h; the poisoning effect of the crambella cleistolochia petroleum ether extract, the chloroform extract, the ethyl acetate extract and the n-butanol extract on the 2 nd instar of the mealybugs with the pineapple gray for 48 hours is 36.67%, 55.00%, 66.67% and 80.00% respectively; the poisoning effect on 3-year-old is 33.33%, 41.67%, 46.67% and 75.00% respectively; the poisoning effect on female adults is 18.33%, 36.67%, 41.67% and 66.67% respectively. The poisoning effect of the total alkaloids of herba Selaginellae Doederleinii on 2-instar, 3-instar and female adult Lecanicillium pseudostelleri is 90.00%, 81.67% and 75.00%, respectively. Therefore, the crambella sinensis extract has effective poisoning effect on the tilleria sisalana with different insect ages, and particularly, the crambella sinensis total alkaloids have the strongest poisoning effect on the tilleria sisalana with different insect ages.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Use of herba delphinii or extract thereof in preventing and treating Lecanicillium caninum is disclosed.
2. Use of herba delphinii or extract thereof in preparing medicament for preventing and treating Lecanicillium caninum is disclosed.
3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the delphinium extract is a methanol extract, a petroleum ether extract, a chloroform extract, an ethyl acetate extract, a n-butanol extract or a total alkaloid.
4. The use as claimed in claim 3, wherein the methanol extract of herba delphinii is prepared by the following steps:
pulverizing the whole herb of herba delphinii, adding anhydrous methanol according to the material-liquid ratio of 1 g: 10-15 mL, leaching for 3-4 times, combining the extracting solutions, and concentrating to obtain the methanol extract of herba delphinii.
5. The use according to claim 3, wherein the extract of delphinium petroleum ether is prepared by: suspending the methanol extract of delphinium grandiflorum of claim 4 in distilled water, adding petroleum ether, extracting, separating, and concentrating to obtain the petroleum ether extract of delphinium grandiflorum.
6. The use according to claim 3, wherein the extract of delphinium trichloride is prepared by: suspending the methanol extract of Selaginella uncinata of claim 4 in distilled water, adding chloroform, extracting, separating, and concentrating to obtain the trichloromethane extract of Selaginella uncinata.
7. The use according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the ethyl acetate extract of herba delphinii comprises: suspending the methanol extract of Selaginella uncinata of claim 4 in distilled water, extracting with ethyl acetate, separating, and concentrating to obtain the ethyl acetate extract of Selaginella uncinata.
8. The use as claimed in claim 3, wherein the n-butanol extract of herba delphinii is prepared by: suspending the methanol extract of delphinium grandiflorum of claim 4 in distilled water, extracting with n-butanol, separating, and concentrating to obtain n-butanol extract of delphinium grandiflorum.
9. The use as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the delphinium alkaloids comprises: suspending the methanol extract of herba delphinii as claimed in claim 4 in distilled water, adjusting pH to 2-3, extracting with ethyl acetate, adjusting pH of water layer to 9-10, extracting with ethyl acetate again, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain herba delphinii total alkaloids.
10. A medicament for preventing and treating sisal hemp new pineapple mealybugs is characterized by comprising delphinium spinulosum or an extract of delphinium spinulosum.
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