CN1122394A - 轮胎帘绳 - Google Patents

轮胎帘绳 Download PDF

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CN1122394A
CN1122394A CN95115206.8A CN95115206A CN1122394A CN 1122394 A CN1122394 A CN 1122394A CN 95115206 A CN95115206 A CN 95115206A CN 1122394 A CN1122394 A CN 1122394A
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monofilament
core
rope
steel wire
tire code
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CN1053942C (zh
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河野昌次
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Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

一种在橡胶渗入方面有所改进的轮胎帘绳包括至少三根扭绞在一起的单丝以便构成一芯部和围绕芯部的外层。单丝沿着绳的纵向重复地换位，使一根单丝在一个部位构成芯部，而在绳的不同部位，该同一单丝则构成外层的一部分。

Description

轮胎帘绳
本发明涉及用于加强轮胎的，在橡胶渗透方面有所改进的帘绳，更具体来说，涉及具有扭绞在一起的若干单丝的帘绳。
用于加强轮胎的帘绳的普通结构是；
(1)n×m结构(例如7×4和4×4)，它包括扭绞起来的n股，每股有扭绞起来的m根单丝，这种结构的实例见日本专利申请公开文本62—96104号；
(2)n＋m结构(例如3＋9)，它包括n根扭绞起来的单丝构成的芯部，以及围绕芯部扭绞的m根单丝构成的外层，这种结构的实例见日本专利申请公开文本5—29410号；
(3)1＋m结构(例如1＋6)，它包括一条由单丝构成的芯部和由m根丝绕芯部扭绞成的外层，这种结构的实例见日本专利申请公开文本第56—31090号。
在结构1中，按照强度来说，帘绳的重量和直径是大的橡胶渗入钢丝绳的情况不佳。
在结构(2)中，由于帘绳较致密，帘绳重量较大，橡胶渗入不佳。
在结构(3)中，如果与结构(2)具有相同的重量，那么强度大于结构(2)，但是橡胶渗入情况差，而且帘绳易于被拉出。
为了解决上述问题，曾有人提出，在上述结构(2)和(3)中将构成外层的m根丝减少为m’根丝。也就是说，有人提出：
(4)1＋m’结构，及
(5)n＋m’结构，其中m’＜m。
在结构(4)中，在相同重量情况下，帘绳的强度变得大于结构(3)，而且橡胶渗入稍有改善，但是钢丝绳拉出阻力仍旧不佳。
在结构(5)中，与结构(2)相比较，改善了帘绳和外层之间的橡胶渗入，但是并不能改善橡胶向帘绳中央空间的渗入。另外，在强度相同的情况下，钢丝绳重量大于结构(3)。
因此，日本专利申请公开文本第62—141144提出：
(6)n/d1＋m/d2结构(例如3/0.20＋6/0.32)，它包括一条由n根直径为d1的丝构成的帘绳和由m根直径为d2(d2≠d1)的丝构成的外层。
这种结构仍然未能改善橡胶渗入钢丝绳中央空间的情况。
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种加强轮胎的帘绳，其中橡胶渗入帘钢的情况及帘绳的拉出阻力得到改善而并不增加帘绳的直径和重量，因而可改善轮胎的耐用性而并不增加轮胎的重量。
按照本发明的一个方面，一种轮胎帘绳包括至少三根单丝扭绞而形成的芯部和绕芯部形成的外层，其中，各根单丝沿绳的纵向交替换位，使一根丝在一个部位构成芯部，而在钢丝绳的另一部位，同一根丝又构成外层的一部分。
所有的单丝最好具有相同的直径，直径在0.20至0.40mm的范围内，丝的总数在3—7根的范围内。
由于丝交替换位，面层橡胶容易通过过渡部位渗入帘绳。因此，当单丝是钢的时候，钢丝绳的耐腐蚀性增强，并可以防止由于在丝间残留空气造成的腐蚀和强度下降。
与普通的1＋m和1＋m’比较，不同的是，包括芯部的所有的单丝是扭绞在一起的。因此，芯部的拉出阻力显著增加。另外，所有单丝变得具有相同的长度。因此，可避免在某一根单丝上(如普通结构中的芯部丝)的应力集中，负载均匀地分配在每根丝上，有效地提高了帘绳的耐用性，因而有效地提高了轮胎的耐用性。
另外，轮胎绳一般具有1＋m或1＋m’结构，也就是具有单丝芯部。因此，如图5所示，如果绳具有相同的横截面积，绳的强度则高于多丝芯部的绳的强度。换言之，当绳的强度相同时，绳的重量减轻，从而可减轻轮胎重量。
现对照以下附图详述本发明的实施例。
图1是本发明一实施例的放大立体图；
图2(A)至(E)是其横截面图；
图3是本发明另一实施例的放大立体图；
图4(A)至(D)是其横截面图；
图5所示曲线图表示各种具有单丝芯部和多丝芯部的绳的强度和横截面之间的关系；
图6是嵌有绳的橡胶片的局部示意立体图；
图7是说明测量芯部拉出阻力的示意图；
在上述附图中，按照本发明的绳1包括至少三根扭绞在一起的钢丝2。
钢丝2以预定的节距PT扭绞起来，使钢丝2之一在绳中央形成芯部3，其余钢丝2绕芯部3形成外层4。
按照本发明，构成芯部3的一根单丝沿着绳长以预定的节距与构成外层4的单丝之一换位。
钢丝2最好以规定的或预定的顺序换位，但是也可以随意在换位。
图1—4所示的丝2是钢制成的。
钢丝2的总数在3根至7根的范围内，每根钢丝的直径在0.20至0.40mm的范围内。
丝2也可以由有机纤维，例如尼龙、芳族酰胺纤维等制成。
图1和2(A)至(E)表示的一实例是由钢丝2a—2g构成的。在这个实例中，七根钢丝2a-2gZ形扭绞，并如图2(A)-(E)所示那样换位。
图2(A)表示沿图1中A—A线的横剖图。在这一部位，芯部3是钢丝2a，其余6根钢丝2b，2c，2d，2e，2f和2g构成外层4。所有相邻钢丝相互接触。在相邻外层钢丝2b-2g之间没有间隙。钢丝2的直径是按上述范围选择的。
钢丝2a一般与钢丝2f换位，在隔开一定节距PC的一个不同部位上，钢丝2f变成芯部3，钢丝2a变成外层钢丝之一，如图2(E)所示。
图2(B)-(D)表示各过渡点。图2(A)所示在丝间形成的三角形空间通过图2(B)-(D)所示的钢丝换位而被打开。上述换位沿绳的纵向以节距PC反复进行。节距PC宜为外层钢丝扭绞节距PT的1.0至10.0倍，最好为1.0至3.0倍。例如，PC＝2.0PT。
如果节距PC小于扭绞节距PT的1.0倍，那么，绳的强度就要下降，也影响绳的直线度。如果PC大于PT的10.0倍，那么，橡胶的渗入就不充分，绳容易疲劳。
图3和图4(A)-(D)所示的另一个实例由钢丝2a-2f构成，在这个实例中，6根钢丝Z形扭绞，并如图4(A)-(D)所示的那样换位。
在这个实例中，钢丝2的直径是按照上述范围选择的，因此，当外层钢丝以等角节距绕芯部布置时，在相邻外层钢丝之间形成小间隙G，因而橡胶易通过该间隙渗入。
图4(A)表示沿图3中A—A线的横剖图。在这个部位，芯部3是钢丝2a，其余5根钢丝2b，2c，2d，2e和2f构成外层4。如上所述在外层钢丝之间可形成间隙G。
钢丝2a与钢丝2c逐渐换位，在隔开一定节距PC的一个不同部位，钢丝2c变成芯部3，而钢丝2a变成外层钢丝之一，如图4(D)所示。
图4(B)和(C)表示两个过渡部位。
图4(B)是沿图4(A)中B—B线的横剖图。在这个过渡部位，相邻的外层钢丝2b，2c，2d，2e和2f相互接触，因而在钢丝2b和2f之间形成一个基本等于钢丝直径d的宽大间隙F。
图4(C)是沿图3中C—C线的横剖图。在这个部位，芯部钢丝2a移入上述宽大间隙F，因此在绳中央无钢丝。虽然绳逐渐具有1＋5结构，但是在这个过渡部位似乎是0＋6结构。然后，钢丝2c移入中央空间F’，也就是说，钢丝2a和2c换位。
钢丝的换位沿着绳的纵向以相同的方式反复进行。
例如，如图6所示，按照本发明的绳1相互平行地嵌入片12状的面层橡胶混合物11中。片12切成适当的尺寸用作轮胎加强材料如外胎身层，皮带层，胎缘加强层等。
试验实例
如图3和4所示的设有外层钢丝之间的间隙的钢丝绳，制成后进行下述试验，其规格和试验结果见表1。
以相同方式制造另一种钢丝绳并进行试验。该钢丝绳与上例结构不同。也就是说，如图1和2所示，在带有芯部的部位上，在外层钢丝之间没有间隙形成。其规格和试验结果见表2。1)橡胶渗入试验
首先用试验钢丝绳制作轮胎，然后从轮胎中将钢丝绳连同围绕的面层橡胶一起取出。将钢丝绳和橡胶放入甲苯中48小时，除去膨胀的面层橡胶，将钢丝绳拆成单根钢丝2，沿大约5cm的长度测量涂有橡胶的面积的百分比。百分比越高，橡胶渗入越好。2)弯曲刚性试验
使用“V-5刚性试验机”(这是美国TABER制的与美国专利第2,465,180号和第2,063,275号有关的试验机)测量钢丝绳的弯曲刚性。3)拉出阻力试验
该试验按以下方式进行。
首先，制作轮胎，试验钢丝绳相互平行地嵌入其中作为加强层，然后从轮胎中取出试件。
此处，试件是如图7所示的一条面层橡胶，其中，5条钢丝绳沿纵向放置。因此，其宽度基本等于绳的节距的五倍。其长度大约为60mm。从一端(图7中的下端)无突出物。但是，从另一端(上端)只有一条中央的钢丝绳的芯部伸出。在离上端15mm处切断中央的钢丝绳。
用上卡盘和下卡盘夹住伸出的芯部和试件的下端，在其间施加拉力，使拉力逐渐增加，这样，当(1)芯部被拉出，(2)芯部被切和(3)在中央钢丝绳和相邻钢丝绳之间的橡胶被拉断时，测量拉力作为拉出阻力。在每张表中，拉出阻力由一指数表示。指数越大，拉出阻力越大。
从表1和2可以看出，与对照例的钢丝绳相比，实例中的钢丝绳有效地在橡胶渗入和芯部的拉出阻力上得到改善。因此，本发明的轮胎绳可以显著地改善轮胎的耐用性而并不增加轮胎重量。
                                         表1
   实例1    对照例1A     对照例1B    对照例1C    对照例1D     实例2    对照例2A    对照例2B    对照例2C   对照例2D    对照例3B    对照例3A
结构类型*换位强度(kgf)直径(mm)横截面积(mm2)  1＋5/0.25是800.750.295  1＋5/0.25非730.750.295  2＋7/0.22+W非851.070.418  1＋6/0.25非840.750.344  3＋9/0.22+W非1151.160.456  1＋5/0.35HT是1701.050.577   3/0.20＋6/0.32HT非1701.070.577  3/0.175＋6/0.32非1351.040.555   3/0.20＋6/0.35非1601.130.672  1＋5/0.35HT非1341.050.577   3＋9＋15/0.175＋W非1651.340.649  1＋6/0.35非1721.050.673
试验结果橡胶渗入(％)弯曲刚性拉出阻力 98304800 9832100 3030400 103812 341480 981504700 8091720 4589560 50129640 9815515 340400 1017512
*HT：高拉力钢丝W：带包层钢丝
                                        表2
    实例1    对照例1   对照例2   对照例3
结构类型材料换位强度(kgf)直径(mm)横截面积(sq.mm) 1＋6/0.25钢是1110.750.344 1＋5/0.25钢非840.750.295 1＋6/0.25钢非930.750.344 3＋9/0.22钢非1151.160.456
试验结果橡胶渗入(％)弯曲刚性拉出阻力 9335800 9832100 103812 341480

Claims (8)

1.一种轮胎帘绳，它包括至少三根扭绞在一起以形成一芯部和围绕芯部的外层的单丝，其特征在于：
所述至少三根单丝沿着绳的纵向重复地换位，使一根单丝在一个部位上构成芯部，而在绳的不同部位，该同一单丝构成外层的一部分。
2.如权利要求1所述的轮胎帘绳，其特征在于：它包括多个带有芯部的第一部位和多个不带芯部的第二部位，
所述第一部位和第二部位在绳的纵向上交替地布置，
所述不带芯部的第二部位设有一中央空间，所有单丝构成围绕所述中央空间的外层，
所述第二部位的节距为外层单丝扭绞节径的1.0至10.0倍之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的轮胎帘绳，其特征在于：所有单丝由钢制成。
4.如权利要求1所述的轮胎帘绳，其特征在于：单丝的总数在3—7根的范围内。
5.如权利要求1所述的轮胎帘绳，其特征在于；所述单丝的直径在0.20至0.40mm的范围内。
6.如权利要求1所述的轮胎帘绳，其特征在于；所有单丝具有相同的直径。
7.如权利要求2所述的轮胎帘绳，其特征在于；在带有芯部的所述第一部位，构成外层的每根单丝与下一根单丝相接触。
8.如权利要求2所述的轮胎帘绳，其特征在于：在带有芯部的所述第一部位，在构成外层的单丝之间形成至少一个间隙。
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