CN112227065A - 一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺 - Google Patents
一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，涉及混纺面料加工技术领域，具体工艺如下：1）棉纤维进行预处理；2）制作二氧化锰纳米线；3）将二氧化锰纳米线与预处理棉纤混匀后烘干，将纳米银加入到溶化的石蜡中得到石蜡混合液，将混合物加入到石蜡混合液中进行抽真空浸渍；4）将抗菌棉纤维与亚麻纤维以及涤纶纤维进行混纺，经过加工即可得到成品的棉麻混纺面料。本发明中，利用预处理棉纤维以及二氧化锰纳米线的混合物作为载体，通过将纳米银颗粒加入到溶化的液态石蜡中，并通过抽真空浸渍处理，使得纳米银与石蜡一起渗透进预处理棉纤维的空隙中，限制了纳米银发生泄露流失，从而可以有效的延长混纺面料的抗菌性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于混纺面料加工技术领域，具体涉及一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺。
背景技术
自然界中存在大量微生物及真菌，给人们的生活带来很大困扰，特别是在夏季，食物储藏不当易腐烂变质，潮湿的衣服易发霉、产色异味，所以抗菌功能性纺织品一直是人们的追求。4000年前，古埃及人用经过提炼的草药浸渍处理木乃伊裹尸布，历经沧桑依旧不霉不腐，可谓抗菌纺织品的起源。目前，抗菌已成为品牌上对面料的基本工能要求，特别是运动休闲类面料，出现很多新纤维及加工方式。
现有技术下抗菌面料主要分为两种：一种是内置的银离子抗菌面料，采用纺丝级抗菌技术把抗菌剂直接做到化学纤维里面；另一种是后处理技术，即通过面料后续定形工艺将抗菌剂加入面料，例如电镀、化学镀（沉积法）、真空（络合法）。第二种方法金属只分布在纤维和织物表面，不耐水洗、不耐搓揉、不耐氧化、不抗摩擦、导电不稳定，但处理的工艺相对简单，成本容易根据客户的具体要求进行控制，是市场上应用较多的一种方法。例如中国专利CN2019103509124公开了一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，其采用的就是第一种方法，通过对传统抗菌剂进行改进，通过加入分散剂超声处理的方式使纳米银粉末分散为纳米银离子，并加入辅助抗菌成分，聚合后以脱乙酰甲壳素为载体将抗菌剂负载，使其具有良好的负载性，同时对面料基体进行预处理，在酸化条件下对面料基体进行氧化，使面料基体表面充满含氧活性基团，聚合抗菌剂可以通过分子间的作用力与面料基体表面的含氧活性基团结合并向面料基体内部扩散，使其不会因为漂洗次数过多而大大降低抗菌性，该工艺方法主要是通过将聚合抗菌剂扩散到面料基体内部并通过分子间作用力附着在面料基体表面，从而使得多次漂洗后面料抗菌性不会大大降低，但是在实际应用中，外界因素的影响易造成分子间作用力的减弱，造成聚合抗菌剂在面料基体表面附着作用的降低，导致聚合抗菌剂易从面料基体内部扩散出来，从而造成聚合抗菌剂的流失，造成面料抗菌性能的降低。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题，提供了一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，具体工艺如下：
1）将烧碱溶液与精炼剂配置成化学处理液，处理液中烧碱含量10-20g/L，精炼剂含量2-5g/L，将处理液加入到高温高压煮练锅中，按照浴比为1:80-100，称取适量的棉纤维放入其中浸均浸透，升温至40-60℃煮练20-30min，待煮练结束后冷却至室温，用去离子水反复洗涤至滤液呈中性，在50-60℃下烘干6-8h，得到预处理棉纤维；本发明中，通过采用碱液和精炼剂组成的化学处理液对棉纤维进行煮练处理，可以将棉纤维中含有的果胶物质、蜡状物质等天然杂质去除，从而可以提高棉纤维中空结构的空隙率，从而有利于后续物质的渗透；
2）按照硫酸锰、氯酸钾、醋酸钾以及去离子水的质量体积比为1g:1.2-1.5g:1.0-1.1g:85-95mL，将称取的硫酸锰、氯酸钾和醋酸钾用去离子水溶解后进行200-300W超声处理15-25min，然后按照去离子水体积的5-7%，向上述溶液中加入浓度为1.5-2.5mol/L的醋酸溶液并以100-130r/min搅拌5-10min，将得到的混合溶液放入反应釜中，在160-180℃下反应12-14h，待反应结束后冷却至室温，用去离子水和乙醇交替清洗产物至中性，经60-70℃烘干至恒重，得到二氧化锰纳米线；本发明中，利用硫酸锰、氯酸钾和醋酸钾作为原料，经过反应得到二氧化锰纳米线，制备的二氧化锰纳米线之间相互搭接构成网状结构，限制了后续渗入到棉纤维空隙中的石蜡与纳米银发生泄露，从而可以减少纳米银的流失，可以实现棉纤维抗菌性能得到延长；
3）按照预处理棉纤维质量的3-6%，将二氧化锰纳米线与预处理棉纤维放入容器中，加入去离子水，预处理棉纤维与去离子水的质量体积比控制在1:150-200g/mL，以300-400r/min机械搅拌1-2h，再经200-300W超声处理20-30min，混合均匀后，对混合物进行抽滤，烘干后备用，将石蜡加热溶化成液态后加入适量的纳米银颗粒，纳米银颗粒的添加量控制在石蜡质量的6-10%，在200-300W下超声处理10-15min，得到石蜡混合液，将烘干后的混合物加入到石蜡混合液中，保持石蜡混合液完全浸没混合物，维持温度在60-65℃，抽真空至0.02-0.04MPa，负压处理40-60min，将产物取出后放入60-65℃真空干燥箱中，反复干燥至无石蜡析出，得到抗菌棉纤维；本发明中，利用二氧化锰纳米锡与预处理棉纤维组成的混合物作为载体，通过毛细作用，使得纳米银颗粒伴随着液态石蜡渗入到载体的空隙中，并且石蜡在低温下会凝固成固态，可以将纳米银颗粒嵌固在石蜡中，进一步降低纳米银颗粒的流失，而且石蜡在高温洗涤条件下会溶化成液态，并在预处理棉纤维的空隙中流动，伴随着液态石蜡的流动，可以改变纳米银颗粒在石蜡中嵌固的位置，可以防止大部分纳米银颗粒嵌固在石蜡内部从而导致抗菌效果降低的现象出现；
4）按照如下的质量百分比：亚麻纤维40-50%、抗菌棉纤维30-40%、涤纶纤维10-30%，将得到的抗菌棉纤维与亚麻纤维以及涤纶纤维进行混纺，得到混纺面料，按照重量份数，称取天然食物色素10-15份、酒精3-4份、固色剂醋酸丁酯纤维素2-3份、抗氧化剂聚氯乙烯1-1.5份、防霉剂尼泊金甲酯2-3份和水40-50份放入到染缸中，搅拌均匀制成染色剂，将得到的混纺面料放入染缸中进行染色，在70-80℃下染色25-35min，将混纺面料取出后在30-40℃下烘干20-30min，再放入清洗机中漂洗5-7min，最后经20-30℃自然晾干，即可得到成品的棉麻混纺面料。
进一步，精炼剂选自BY-LR低温精炼剂（购自宁波宾雅防治助剂有限公司）、ZS-1193低温精炼剂（购自国光化工助剂工贸有限公司）中至少一种。
进一步，石蜡选自54号石蜡，56号石蜡，58号石蜡中至少一种。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：
针对现有技术中，抗菌面料中负载的抗菌物质（例如纳米银）易流失，造成面料抗菌性能随着面料服装服用时间的增长，抗菌性能逐渐降低的技术缺陷，本发明中，利用预处理棉纤维以及二氧化锰纳米线的混合物作为载体，通过将纳米银颗粒加入到溶化的液态石蜡中，并通过抽真空浸渍处理，使得纳米银与石蜡一起渗透进预处理棉纤维的空隙中，限制了纳米银发生泄露流失，从而可以有效的延长混纺面料的抗菌性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方法对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，具体工艺如下：
1）将烧碱溶液与BY-LR低温精炼剂配置成化学处理液，处理液中烧碱含量10g/L，精炼剂含量2g/L，将处理液加入到高温高压煮练锅中，按照浴比为1:80，称取适量的棉纤维放入其中浸均浸透，升温至40℃煮练20min，待煮练结束后冷却至室温，用去离子水反复洗涤至滤液呈中性，在50℃下烘干6h，得到预处理棉纤维；；
2）按照硫酸锰、氯酸钾、醋酸钾以及去离子水的质量体积比为1g:1.2g:1.0g:85mL，将称取的硫酸锰、氯酸钾和醋酸钾用去离子水溶解后进行200W超声处理15min，然后按照去离子水体积的5%，向上述溶液中加入浓度为1.5mol/L的醋酸溶液并以100r/min搅拌5min，将得到的混合溶液放入反应釜中，在160℃下反应12h，待反应结束后冷却至室温，用去离子水和乙醇交替清洗产物至中性，经60℃烘干至恒重，得到二氧化锰纳米线；；
3）按照预处理棉纤维质量的3%，将二氧化锰纳米线与预处理棉纤维放入容器中，加入去离子水，预处理棉纤维与去离子水的质量体积比控制在1:150g/mL，以300r/min机械搅拌1h，再经200W超声处理20min，混合均匀后，对混合物进行抽滤，烘干后备用，将54号石蜡加热溶化成液态后加入适量的纳米银颗粒，纳米银颗粒的添加量控制在石蜡质量的6%，在200W下超声处理10min，得到石蜡混合液，将烘干后的混合物加入到石蜡混合液中，保持石蜡混合液完全浸没混合物，维持温度在60℃，抽真空至0.02MPa，负压处理40min，将产物取出后放入60℃真空干燥箱中，反复干燥至无石蜡析出，得到抗菌棉纤维；
4）按照如下的质量百分比：亚麻纤维50%、抗菌棉纤维40%、涤纶纤维10%，将得到的抗菌棉纤维与亚麻纤维以及涤纶纤维进行混纺，得到混纺面料，按照重量份数，称取天然食物色素10份、酒精3份、固色剂醋酸丁酯纤维素2份、抗氧化剂聚氯乙烯1份、防霉剂尼泊金甲酯2份和水40份放入到染缸中，搅拌均匀制成染色剂，将得到的混纺面料放入染缸中进行染色，在70℃下染色25min，将混纺面料取出后在30℃下烘干20min，再放入清洗机中漂洗5min，最后经20℃自然晾干，即可得到成品的棉麻混纺面料。
实施例2
一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，具体工艺如下：
1）将烧碱溶液与ZS-1193低温精炼剂配置成化学处理液，处理液中烧碱含量15g/L，精炼剂含量3g/L，将处理液加入到高温高压煮练锅中，按照浴比为1:90，称取适量的棉纤维放入其中浸均浸透，升温至50℃煮练25min，待煮练结束后冷却至室温，用去离子水反复洗涤至滤液呈中性，在55℃下烘干7h，得到预处理棉纤维；；
2）按照硫酸锰、氯酸钾、醋酸钾以及去离子水的质量体积比为1g:1.3g:1.1g:90mL，将称取的硫酸锰、氯酸钾和醋酸钾用去离子水溶解后进行250W超声处理20min，然后按照去离子水体积的6%，向上述溶液中加入浓度为2.0mol/L的醋酸溶液并以120r/min搅拌8min，将得到的混合溶液放入反应釜中，在170℃下反应13h，待反应结束后冷却至室温，用去离子水和乙醇交替清洗产物至中性，经65℃烘干至恒重，得到二氧化锰纳米线；；
3）按照预处理棉纤维质量的5%，将二氧化锰纳米线与预处理棉纤维放入容器中，加入去离子水，预处理棉纤维与去离子水的质量体积比控制在1:180g/mL，以350r/min机械搅拌1.5h，再经250W超声处理25min，混合均匀后，对混合物进行抽滤，烘干后备用，将56号石蜡加热溶化成液态后加入适量的纳米银颗粒，纳米银颗粒的添加量控制在石蜡质量的8%，在250W下超声处理13min，得到石蜡混合液，将烘干后的混合物加入到石蜡混合液中，保持石蜡混合液完全浸没混合物，维持温度在62℃，抽真空至0.03MPa，负压处理50min，将产物取出后放入62℃真空干燥箱中，反复干燥至无石蜡析出，得到抗菌棉纤维；
4）按照如下的质量百分比：亚麻纤维45%、抗菌棉纤维35%、涤纶纤维20%，将得到的抗菌棉纤维与亚麻纤维以及涤纶纤维进行混纺，得到混纺面料，按照重量份数，称取天然食物色素13份、酒精3.5份、固色剂醋酸丁酯纤维素2.5份、抗氧化剂聚氯乙烯1.3份、防霉剂尼泊金甲酯2.5份和水45份放入到染缸中，搅拌均匀制成染色剂，将得到的混纺面料放入染缸中进行染色，在75℃下染色30min，将混纺面料取出后在35℃下烘干25min，再放入清洗机中漂洗6min，最后经25℃自然晾干，即可得到成品的棉麻混纺面料。
实施例3
一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，具体工艺如下：
1）将烧碱溶液与ZS-1193低温精炼剂配置成化学处理液，处理液中烧碱含量20g/L，精炼剂含量5g/L，将处理液加入到高温高压煮练锅中，按照浴比为1:100，称取适量的棉纤维放入其中浸均浸透，升温至60℃煮练30min，待煮练结束后冷却至室温，用去离子水反复洗涤至滤液呈中性，在60℃下烘干8h，得到预处理棉纤维；；
2）按照硫酸锰、氯酸钾、醋酸钾以及去离子水的质量体积比为1g:1.5g:1.1g:95mL，将称取的硫酸锰、氯酸钾和醋酸钾用去离子水溶解后进行300W超声处理25min，然后按照去离子水体积的7%，向上述溶液中加入浓度为2.5mol/L的醋酸溶液并以130r/min搅拌10min，将得到的混合溶液放入反应釜中，在180℃下反应14h，待反应结束后冷却至室温，用去离子水和乙醇交替清洗产物至中性，经70℃烘干至恒重，得到二氧化锰纳米线；；
3）按照预处理棉纤维质量的6%，将二氧化锰纳米线与预处理棉纤维放入容器中，加入去离子水，预处理棉纤维与去离子水的质量体积比控制在1:200g/mL，以400r/min机械搅拌2h，再经300W超声处理30min，混合均匀后，对混合物进行抽滤，烘干后备用，将58号石蜡加热溶化成液态后加入适量的纳米银颗粒，纳米银颗粒的添加量控制在石蜡质量的10%，在300W下超声处理15min，得到石蜡混合液，将烘干后的混合物加入到石蜡混合液中，保持石蜡混合液完全浸没混合物，维持温度在65℃，抽真空至0.04MPa，负压处理60min，将产物取出后放入65℃真空干燥箱中，反复干燥至无石蜡析出，得到抗菌棉纤维；
4）按照如下的质量百分比：亚麻纤维50%、抗菌棉纤维40%、涤纶纤维30%，将得到的抗菌棉纤维与亚麻纤维以及涤纶纤维进行混纺，得到混纺面料，按照重量份数，称取天然食物色素15份、酒精4份、固色剂醋酸丁酯纤维素3份、抗氧化剂聚氯乙烯1.5份、防霉剂尼泊金甲酯3份和水50份放入到染缸中，搅拌均匀制成染色剂，将得到的混纺面料放入染缸中进行染色，在80℃下染色35min，将混纺面料取出后在40℃下烘干30min，再放入清洗机中漂洗7min，最后经30℃自然晾干，即可得到成品的棉麻混纺面料。
对比例1：去除步骤1）的操作，其余与实施例1相同。
对比例2：去除步骤2）的操作，其余与实施例1相同。
对比例3：去除步骤3）中制备的石蜡混合液，采用相同纳米银含量的纳米银分散液（纳米银和分散剂油酸钠按质量比2:3组成，溶剂为去离子水）替代，其余与实施例1相同。
对比例4：参见CN2019103509124中国专利公开的实施例1中的具体方法，将该技术方案步骤1）中的碳酸锂、氧化铜和氧化锌去除，采用由亚麻纤维50%、棉纤维40%、涤纶纤维10%组成的混纺面料，并且限定纳米银在面料中的负载量与本申请实施例1相同，其余步骤不做修改。
测试实验
试验1
对实施例1-3以及对比例1-4所制的面料进行抗菌测试，抗菌测试标准参考GB/T20994.3-2008表面，面料测试前未经过家用洗衣机洗涤（所制的面料均干净清洁，无需洗涤），测试结果如下：
试验2
选用美的全自动滚筒洗衣机（型号MD 100V11D），设定程序为快洗15min，水温60℃，每个程度每次洗涤7中面料样品各一块，每个程序重复50次，负载为2kg（为了达到负载量，在桶内添加标准纯棉及纯涤陪洗布），待洗涤结束后，再次进行抗菌测试，结果如下：
试验3
采用与试验2同样的方法，对面料进行200次洗涤，再次进行抗菌测试，结果如下：
通过上述试验结果可知，本发明提供的加工方法，使得面料具有优异的抗菌性能，并且在经过多次高温洗涤后，负载的抗菌成分不易流失，可以有效的延长面料的抗菌性能
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变换或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，其特征在于，具体工艺如下：
1）将烧碱溶液与精炼剂配置成化学处理液，加入到高温高压煮练锅中，按照浴比为1:80-100，称取适量的棉纤维放入其中浸均浸透，升温至55-65℃煮练20-30min，待煮练结束后冷却至室温，用去离子水反复洗涤至滤液呈中性，烘干后得到预处理棉纤维；
2）称取适量的硫酸锰、氯酸钾和醋酸钾，用去离子水溶解后进行超声处理15-25min，然后向上述溶液中加入适量的醋酸溶液并搅拌5-10min，将得到的混合溶液放入反应釜中，在160-180℃下反应12-14h，待反应结束后冷却至室温，用去离子水和乙醇交替清洗产物至中性，经60-70℃烘干至恒重，得到二氧化锰纳米线；
3）将适量的二氧化锰纳米线与预处理棉纤维放入容器中，加入去离子水，机械搅拌1-2h，再经超声处理20-30min，混合均匀后，对混合物进行抽滤，烘干后备用，将石蜡加热溶化成液态后加入适量的纳米银颗粒，超声处理10-15min，得到石蜡混合液，将烘干后的混合物加入到石蜡混合液中，维持温度在60-65℃，抽真空至0.02-0.04MPa，负压处理40-60min，将产物取出后放入60-65℃真空干燥箱中，反复干燥至无石蜡析出，得到抗菌棉纤维；
4）将得到的抗菌棉纤维与亚麻纤维以及涤纶纤维进行混纺，得到混纺面料，将得到的混纺面料放入染缸中进行染色，经烘干以及漂洗处理后自然晾干，即可得到成品的棉麻混纺面料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，其特征在于，工艺步骤1）中，所述化学处理液中，烧碱含量10-20g/L，精炼剂含量2-5g/L；所述精炼剂选自BY-LR低温精炼剂、ZS-1193低温精炼剂中至少一种；所述烘干温度为50-60℃，烘干时间6-8h。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，其特征在于，工艺步骤2）中，所述硫酸锰、氯酸钾、醋酸钾以及去离子水的质量体积比为1g:1.2-1.5g:1.0-1.1g:85-95mL；所述醋酸溶液的添加量为去离子水体积的5-7%，浓度为1.5-2.5mol/L；所述超声处理的功率为200-300W；所述搅拌的转速为100-130r/min。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，其特征在于，工艺步骤3）中，所述二氧化锰纳米线的用量占预处理棉纤维质量的3-6%；所述预处理棉纤维与去离子水的质量体积比为1:150-200g/mL；所述机械搅拌的转速为300-400r/min，超声处理的功率为200-300W。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，其特征在于，工艺步骤3）中，所述纳米银颗粒的添加量为石蜡质量的6-10%；所述抽真空处理过程中，石蜡混合液需完全浸没混合物；所述石蜡选自54号石蜡，56号石蜡，58号石蜡中至少一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种延长棉麻混纺面料抗菌防霉性能的加工工艺，其特征在于，工艺步骤4）中，所述各种纤维在混纺面料中所占的质量百分比如下：亚麻纤维40-50%、抗菌棉纤维30-40%、涤纶纤维10-30%。
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