CN112205516A - Nutritional combined chicken feed for improving immunity of organism and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nutritional combined chicken feed for improving immunity of organism and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112205516A CN112205516A CN202011061869.9A CN202011061869A CN112205516A CN 112205516 A CN112205516 A CN 112205516A CN 202011061869 A CN202011061869 A CN 202011061869A CN 112205516 A CN112205516 A CN 112205516A
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- parts
- fermentation
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- silage
- immunity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feed for breeding industry, and particularly discloses a nutritional combined chicken feed for improving immunity of organisms, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 30-40 parts of silage, 20-35 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of alfalfa meal, 2-4 parts of fishbone meal, 0.5-2 parts of vegetable oil, 0.5-1 part of garlic powder, 1-2 parts of shaddock peel, 2-3 parts of loquat leaves, 0.5-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.6 part of zinc methionine chelate, 0.1-0.2 part of cellulase and 0.05-0.1 part of probiotic additive; the mixed silage is mixed silage of sugarcane tail tips, bean dregs, watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves. The chicken feed disclosed by the invention adopts various plant raw materials, cellulase and probiotic additives, is safe and non-toxic, avoids adding antibiotics, meets the nutritional requirements of chickens, improves the digestibility of the feed, greatly improves the steady state of the internal environment of digestive tracts in chickens, obviously improves the immunity and disease resistance of the chickens, and improves the production performance and egg laying quality of the chickens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed in breeding industry, and particularly relates to a nutritional combined chicken feed for improving immunity of organisms and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Modern chicken breeding adopts a large-scale breeding mode, which is beneficial to improving the production efficiency and is convenient for chicken breeding management, but brings some problems therewith. In large-scale chicken feeding, in order to improve the growth speed of the chicken, chemical synthetic drugs, hormones and the like are generally added, after the chicken eat the feed for a long time, drug dependence is generated in vivo, the self immune function is inhibited, the immunity and the disease resistance are reduced, the chicken morbidity risk is improved, the breeding benefit is seriously influenced by the poor chicken immunity, the morbidity and the mortality are high, and the economic benefit of the chicken breeding industry is seriously restricted. In the large-scale breeding of the chickens, how to improve the disease resistance of the chickens and the egg quality is very important. The existing chicken feed has low digestion and absorption utilization rate and insufficient nutrition collocation, and feed raw materials still contain anti-nutritional factors and toxic substances, so that certain damage is easily caused to chicken organisms, and the physiological function of the chicken is declined in advance. The novel chicken feed provided meets the nutritional requirements of chickens, improves the digestibility of the chickens, improves the immunity of the chickens and the egg quality, and becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
With the rapid development of agriculture in China, the planting scale of vegetables and fruits in China is greatly increased, a large amount of byproducts can be generated in the process that the vegetables and fruits become dining table food or are processed into products from the field, for example, the byproducts such as vines, branches, leaves and roots left after field harvest, and the wastes such as peel residue, fruit residue and fruit stones after vegetable processing are removed completely, and a large amount of agricultural wastes are discarded and stacked at will, so that resource waste is caused, and the environment is also greatly polluted. The agricultural wastes contain rich nutrients and available chemical components, and have high utilization value. If the waste vegetable and fruit byproducts can be processed into feed for feeding chickens, the feed can solve the problem of ecological environment caused by random discarding, can also provide nutrient substances for the chickens, and is beneficial to improving the resource utilization value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism, which provides comprehensive nutrient substances for chickens, promotes the digestion and absorption of the chickens on the feed, improves the immunity of the chickens and the quality of egg laying, and improves the utilization value of waste resources by processing and utilizing fruit and vegetable byproducts and adding the fruit and vegetable byproducts into the feed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 30-40 parts of silage, 20-35 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of alfalfa meal, 2-4 parts of fishbone meal, 0.5-2 parts of vegetable oil, 0.5-1 part of garlic powder, 1-2 parts of shaddock peel, 2-3 parts of loquat leaves, 0.5-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.6 part of zinc methionine chelate, 0.1-0.2 part of cellulase and 0.05-0.1 part of probiotic additive; the mixed silage is mixed silage of sugarcane tail tips, bean dregs, watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves.
Preferably, in the nutrient combination chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism, the probiotic additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of clostridium butyricum and 1-2 parts of bifidobacteria.
Preferably, in the nutrient combination chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism, the probiotic additive is capsule particles with clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium as core bodies and sodium alginate as wall materials, and the preparation method of the probiotic additive comprises the following steps:
adding clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium into a liquid culture medium respectively, performing anaerobic fermentation for 48-72 hours at 30-35 ℃ to obtain a fermentation liquid, centrifuging the fermentation liquid for 10-15 minutes at 4000-5000 r/min, collecting clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium, suspending the bacteria by using a sterile 3% sucrose solution to obtain a bacterial suspension, wherein the concentration of the bacteria in the bacterial suspension is 108～109CFU/g, adding starch accounting for 2-3% of the mass of the bacterial suspension and mannan oligosaccharide accounting for 0.5-1% of the mass of the bacterial suspension into the bacterial suspension, and uniformly mixing to obtain a thallus mixed solution; the starch has strong adsorbability on thalli, can improve the embedding rate of thalli capsules, and the mannan oligosaccharide has the function of keeping the activity of thalli in the capsules;
uniformly and fully mixing and dissolving sodium alginate and distilled water to obtain a sodium alginate solution, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium alginate in the sodium alginate solution is 3-6%;
and thirdly, adding the thallus mixed solution into a sodium alginate solution, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution I, wherein the volume ratio of the thallus mixed solution to the sodium alginate mixed solution is 1: 3-6, dripping the mixed solution I into a calcium chloride solution through an injector, the mass percentage concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 1-3%, solidifying for 30-40 min, filtering, washing, and air drying at 35-40 ℃ to obtain capsule particles, namely the probiotic additive. The thallus is added in the form of capsule particles, so that the release of probiotics is well controlled, the release of the probiotics in the stomach is reduced, the probiotics are quickly released in intestinal juice, the inactivation of the probiotics in the stomach can be reduced, and more probiotics can reach the intestinal tract to play a role.
A preparation method of the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sugarcane tail tips to obtain short stems with the size of 0.5-2 cm, cutting watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves to obtain watermelon fragments and evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments with the size of 0.5-2 cm, uniformly mixing the short stems with bean dregs, the watermelon fragments and the evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments according to the mass ratio of 2-3: 2:1:0.1 to obtain a mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 60-70%;
(2) adding a fermentation aid A into the mixture obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 2-3 days at 28-37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation product;
(3) adding a fermentation aid B into the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring, carrying out sealed fermentation for 3-5 days at the temperature of 30-37 ℃ to obtain a final fermentation product, carrying out air drying treatment on the final fermentation product at the temperature of 40-55 ℃, and crushing to obtain mixed silage;
(4) drying and crushing the shaddock peel and the loquat leaves to 30-50 meshes, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 10 times the weight of the mixed powder into the mixed powder, extracting at 90-100 ℃ for 1-2 h, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting for 3 times, combining the filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, and performing spray drying to obtain extract powder;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed silage obtained in the step (3), the extract powder obtained in the step (4), corn flour, wheat bran, fish bone meal, alfalfa meal, garlic powder, vegetable oil, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc methionine chelate, cellulase and a probiotic additive to obtain the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the fermentation aid A is a mixture of yeast, trichoderma reesei and bacillus subtilis according to a ratio of 3:1:2, and the addition amount of the fermentation aid A is 0.8-1.5% of the weight of the mixture.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the fermentation aid B is lactic acid bacteria, and the addition amount of the fermentation aid B is 0.5-1% of the weight of the primary fermentation product.
Mixing sugarcane tail tips, bean dregs, watermelon peels and evodia leaves, performing two-step fermentation treatment to obtain silage, secreting various enzymes such as cellulase, amylase and protease by trichoderma reesei and bacillus subtilis in the first stage, preliminarily decomposing acid washing fibers and neutral washing fibers in the mixture, preliminarily improving the nutritive value of the mixture, generating antibiotics to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria, and the like, wherein the bacillus subtilis can also quickly consume free oxygen, promote the reproduction and growth of lactic acid bacteria in the second stage, and indirectly inhibit the growth of other pathogenic bacteria; the yeast utilizes amino acid, sugar and organic substances to produce active substances for promoting cell division through fermentation, thereby providing nutrition guarantee for the growth and the propagation of the lactic acid bacteria; on the basis of the first stage, the lactobacillus continuously grows and breeds in the second stage, sugar in the plants is converted into organic acid, the organic acid is generated to reduce the pH value of the silage, inhibit the activity of harmful bacteria, maintain the integrity of silage nutrients, prevent the silage from mildewing, facilitate silage preservation, improve the content of crude protein of the mixed silage, further improve the nutritional value of the silage, and finally obtain the mixed silage with high nutritional value, good palatability and high digestibility. The mixed silage contains various amino acids, organic acids, various vitamins, various biochemical enzymes, natural antibiotics and the like, and can improve the immunity of the chicken body and promote the growth.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the nutrient combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism adopts various plant raw materials, zinc methionine chelate, cellulase and probiotic additives, is safe, nontoxic and balanced in nutrition, avoids adding antibiotics, meets the nutritional requirements of chickens, improves the digestion and absorption efficiency of the feed, keeps the ecological balance of the internal environment of the digestive tract of the chickens, promotes the absorption and utilization of nutrition, obviously improves the immunity and disease resistance of the chickens, and simultaneously improves the production performance and egg laying quality of the chickens.
2. According to the invention, the sugarcane tail tips, the bean dregs, the watermelon peel and the evodia rutaecarpa leaves are fermented to be mixed and ensiled, so that the nutritive values of the sugarcane tail tips, the bean dregs and the watermelon peel are effectively improved, the feed conversion rate, the feed palatability and the digestibility are improved, the mixed ensiled contains various amino acids, organic acids, various vitamins, various biochemical enzymes, natural antibiotics and other substances, and the immunity of chickens is improved and the healthy growth is promoted. The vegetable waste is utilized as feed, so that the resource waste is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A nutritional combined chicken feed for improving immunity of organisms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 32 parts of silage, 25 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of alfalfa meal, 3 parts of fishbone meal, 1 part of vegetable oil, 0.5 part of garlic powder, 1 part of shaddock peel, 2 parts of loquat leaf, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 part of zinc methionine chelate, 0.1 part of cellulase and 0.1 part of probiotic additive; the mixed silage is mixed silage of sugarcane tail tips, bean dregs, watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves. The probiotic additive consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of clostridium butyricum and 2 parts of bifidobacterium.
The tail tip of the sugarcane is a byproduct of the sugarcane industry, commonly called sugarcane tail, the yield of the sugarcane is about 2000 ten thousand tons every year in China, and the sugarcane tail tip is a cheap energy feed. Has the characteristics of large yield, centralized production place, easy acquisition, lower cost and the like. The tail tip of the sugarcane contains more crude protein, various amino acids, cellulose and the like.
The bean dregs are byproducts in the process of producing bean products such as soymilk, bean curd or dried beancurd sticks and the like, contain extremely rich nutrient substances and dietary fibers and proteins, and also contain a certain amount of trace elements such as iron, zinc, chromium, copper and the like, and flavone components with physiological functions such as oxidation resistance and the like.
The dry substance of the watermelon peel is rich in sugar such as fructose and glucose, malic acid, vitamins and the like, and also rich in trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and the like.
The evodia rutaecarpa leaf contains volatile oil, evodia rutaecarpa lactone and evodiamine, and has effects of invigorating stomach and relieving vomit; the fructus evodiae volatile oil can eliminate gas in digestive tract and inhibit intestinal abnormal fermentation; evodiamine and evodiamine have analgesic effect; evodia rutaecarpa also has anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, and anti-anoxia effects.
The sugarcane tail tips, the bean dregs, the watermelon peel and the evodia rutaecarpa leaves are compounded to be used as raw materials of the mixed silage, rich sugar in the watermelon peel and rich nitrogen sources in the bean dregs are beneficial to rapid growth of thalli, the evodia rutaecarpa inhibits growth of harmful germs, cellulose decomposition of the sugarcane tips and the evodia rutaecarpa leaves is promoted, fermentation efficiency is improved, nutrient substances are released, and quality of the mixed silage is improved.
The alfalfa hay contains abundant carbohydrates, a large amount of crude proteins, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron and other micronutrients, has strong palatability, has the effects of promoting intestinal tract motility and preventing constipation and digestive tract ulcer, and can improve the body immunity and growth performance of chickens.
The garlic contains unique garlicin, is a natural antibacterial substance, can inhibit the growth and reproduction of dysentery bacillus, typhoid bacillus and cholera vibrio, has the effects of inhibiting and killing staphylococcus, pneumococcus, streptococcus and the like, and can reduce the morbidity of chickens.
The pomelo peel and the loquat leaf have the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, strengthening spleen and lung, moistening intestines and expelling toxin and the like.
The zinc methionine chelate provides the body with zinc as a necessary trace element, is helpful for enhancing the immune function of the body, reducing the incidence of diseases, increasing the laying rate of the laying hens and improving the quality of eggs.
The cellulase has the function of degrading cellulose, destroys cell walls containing the cellulose, releases nutrient components in cells to be absorbed by organisms, and simultaneously, reducing sugar generated by the cellulose decomposition of the cellulase can promote the absorption of other nutrient components in the feed, thereby improving the utilization rate of the feed.
The clostridium butyricum and the bifidobacterium are used in a matching way, and have the effects of promoting the growth of laying hens, improving the feed conversion rate, improving the immunity of organisms, reducing the fatality rate and the like. The clostridium butyricum can generate short-chain volatile fatty acids such as butyric acid and the like, has the effects of repairing intestinal mucosa and reducing the pH of intestinal tract, can promote the colonization and proliferation of bifidobacterium, form a dominant beneficial flora, inhibit the generation and growth of harmful bacteria and improve the immunity of organisms; and amylase and the like can be generated in the intestinal tract, so that feed components which are difficult to digest by the body are decomposed into absorbable and utilizable micromolecular substances, the utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the growth of livestock is promoted.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sugarcane tail tips to obtain short stems with the size of 0.5-2 cm, cutting watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves to obtain watermelon fragments and evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments with the size of 0.5-2 cm, uniformly mixing the short stems with bean dregs, the watermelon fragments and the evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:0.1 to obtain a mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 65%;
(2) adding activated yeast, trichoderma reesei and bacillus subtilis into the mixture obtained in the step (1), wherein the ratio of the yeast to the trichoderma reesei to the bacillus subtilis is 3:1:2, the total addition of the thalli accounts for 1% of the weight of the mixture, uniformly mixing, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at 30 ℃ for 2 days to obtain a primary fermentation product;
(3) adding activated lactobacillus into the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (2), wherein the addition amount is 1% of the weight of the primary fermentation product, uniformly stirring, carrying out sealed fermentation for 3 days at 35 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermentation product at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain mixed silage;
(4) drying and crushing the shaddock peel and the loquat leaves to 30-50 meshes, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 10 times the weight of the mixed powder into the mixed powder, extracting for 2 hours at 90 ℃, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting for 3 times, combining the filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, and performing spray drying to obtain extract powder;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed silage obtained in the step (3), the extract powder obtained in the step (4), corn flour, wheat bran, fish bone meal, alfalfa meal, garlic powder, vegetable oil, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc methionine chelate, cellulase and a probiotic additive to obtain the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism.
Example 2
A nutritional combined chicken feed for improving immunity of organisms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 32 parts of silage, 25 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of alfalfa meal, 3 parts of fishbone meal, 1 part of vegetable oil, 0.5 part of garlic powder, 1 part of shaddock peel, 2 parts of loquat leaf, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 part of zinc methionine chelate, 0.1 part of cellulase and 0.1 part of probiotic additive; the silage is mixed silage of sugarcane tail tips, bean dregs, watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves. The probiotic additive consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of clostridium butyricum and 2 parts of bifidobacterium.
The probiotic additive is capsule particles taking clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium as core bodies and sodium alginate as wall materials, and the preparation method of the probiotic additive comprises the following steps:
adding clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium into a liquid culture medium respectively, performing anaerobic fermentation for 72 hours at 30 ℃ to obtain a fermentation liquid, then centrifuging the fermentation liquid for 10 minutes at 5000r/min, collecting clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium, suspending the bacteria by using a sterile 3% sucrose solution to obtain a bacterial suspension, wherein the concentration of the bacterial suspension is 108～109CFU/g, adding 3% of starch and 1% of mannan oligosaccharide in the mass of the bacterial suspension, and uniformly mixing to obtain a thallus mixed solution;
uniformly and fully mixing and dissolving sodium alginate and distilled water to obtain a sodium alginate solution, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium alginate in the sodium alginate solution is 5%;
and thirdly, fully and uniformly mixing the thallus mixed solution and the sodium alginate solution according to the volume ratio of 1:4 to obtain a mixed solution I, dripping the mixed solution I into a calcium chloride solution through an injector, solidifying for 30min, filtering, washing and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain capsule particles, namely the probiotic additive. Sodium alginate will react with Ca2+Ion coagulationThe gel reaction forms gel which is difficult to dissolve in an acidic environment, but is easy to dissolve in a neutral or alkaline medium, and the gel has good enteric solubility as a wall material, and can achieve the effect of releasing in intestinal tracts.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sugarcane tail tips to obtain short stems with the size of 0.5-2 cm, cutting watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves to obtain watermelon fragments and evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments with the size of 0.5-2 cm, uniformly mixing the short stems with bean dregs, the watermelon fragments and the evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:0.1 to obtain a mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 65%;
(2) adding activated yeast, trichoderma reesei and bacillus subtilis into the mixture obtained in the step (1), wherein the ratio of the yeast to the trichoderma reesei to the bacillus subtilis is 3:1:2, the total addition of the thalli accounts for 1% of the weight of the mixture, uniformly mixing, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at 30 ℃ for 2 days to obtain a primary fermentation product;
(3) adding activated lactobacillus into the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (2), wherein the addition amount is 1% of the weight of the primary fermentation product, uniformly stirring, carrying out sealed fermentation for 3 days at 35 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermentation product at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain mixed silage;
(4) drying and crushing the shaddock peel and the loquat leaves to 30-50 meshes, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 10 times the weight of the mixed powder into the mixed powder, extracting for 2 hours at 90 ℃, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting for 3 times, combining the filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, and performing spray drying to obtain extract powder;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed silage obtained in the step (3), the extract powder obtained in the step (4), corn flour, wheat bran, fish bone meal, alfalfa meal, garlic powder, vegetable oil, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc methionine chelate, cellulase and a probiotic additive to obtain the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism.
Example 3
A nutritional combined chicken feed for improving immunity of organisms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 35 parts of silage, 22 parts of corn flour, 18 parts of wheat bran, 14 parts of alfalfa meal, 2.5 parts of fishbone meal, 1.5 parts of vegetable oil, 0.8 part of garlic powder, 2 parts of shaddock peel, 3 parts of loquat leaf, 0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.48 part of zinc methionine chelate, 0.12 part of cellulase and 0.08 part of probiotic additive; the silage is mixed silage of sugarcane tail tips, bean dregs, watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves. The probiotic additive consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of clostridium butyricum and 2 parts of bifidobacterium.
The probiotic additive is capsule particles taking clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium as core bodies and sodium alginate as wall materials, and the preparation method of the probiotic additive comprises the following steps:
adding clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium into a liquid culture medium respectively, performing anaerobic fermentation for 72 hours at 35 ℃ to obtain a fermentation liquid, then centrifuging the fermentation liquid for 15 minutes at 4000r/min, collecting clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium, suspending the bacteria by using a sterile 3% sucrose solution to obtain a bacterial suspension, wherein the concentration of the bacterial suspension is 108～109CFU/g, adding starch accounting for 2.5 percent of the mass of the bacterial suspension and mannan oligosaccharide accounting for 0.8 percent of the mass of the bacterial suspension into the bacterial suspension, and uniformly mixing to obtain a thallus mixed solution;
② sodium alginate solution is obtained by mixing sodium alginate and distilled water evenly and fully dissolving, the mass fraction of sodium alginate in the sodium alginate solution is 3.5%;
and thirdly, fully and uniformly mixing the thallus mixed solution and the sodium alginate solution according to the volume ratio of 1:3 to obtain a mixed solution I, dripping the mixed solution I into a calcium chloride solution through an injector, solidifying for 30min, filtering, washing and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain capsule particles, namely the probiotic additive.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sugarcane tail tips to obtain short stems with the size of 0.5-2 cm, cutting watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves to obtain watermelon fragments and evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments with the size of 0.5-2 cm, uniformly mixing the short stems with bean dregs, the watermelon fragments and the evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:0.1 to obtain a mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 70%;
(2) adding activated yeast, trichoderma reesei and bacillus subtilis into the mixture obtained in the step (1), wherein the ratio of the yeast to the trichoderma reesei to the bacillus subtilis is 3:1:2, the total addition of the thalli accounts for 1.5% of the weight of the mixture, uniformly mixing, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at 35 ℃ for 2 days to obtain a primary fermentation product;
(3) adding activated lactobacillus into the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (2), wherein the addition amount of the activated lactobacillus is 0.8 percent of the weight of the primary fermentation product, uniformly stirring, carrying out sealed fermentation at 35 ℃ for 3 days to obtain a fermentation product, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermentation product at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain mixed silage;
(4) drying and crushing the shaddock peel and the loquat leaves to 30-50 meshes, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 10 times the weight of the mixed powder into the mixed powder, extracting for 2 hours at 90 ℃, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting for 3 times, combining the filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, and performing spray drying to obtain extract powder;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed silage obtained in the step (3), the extract powder obtained in the step (4), corn flour, wheat bran, fish bone meal, alfalfa meal, garlic powder, vegetable oil, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc methionine chelate, cellulase and a probiotic additive to obtain the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism.
Example 4
A nutritional combined chicken feed for improving immunity of organisms comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 40 parts of silage, 30 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of alfalfa meal, 4 parts of fishbone meal, 2 parts of vegetable oil, 1 part of garlic powder, 1 part of shaddock peel, 2 parts of loquat leaf, 1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.6 part of zinc methionine chelate, 0.18 part of cellulase and 0.05 part of probiotic additive; the silage is mixed silage of sugarcane tail tips, bean dregs, watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves. The probiotic additive consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of clostridium butyricum and 1.5 parts of bifidobacterium.
The probiotic additive is capsule particles taking clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium as core bodies and sodium alginate as wall materials, and the preparation method of the probiotic additive comprises the following steps:
clostridium butyricum andrespectively adding Bacillus bifidus into liquid culture medium, anaerobic fermenting at 35 deg.C for 72 hr to obtain fermentation liquid, centrifuging at 4000r/min for 15min, collecting Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus bifidus, suspending the bacteria with sterile 3% sucrose solution to obtain bacterial suspension with concentration of 108～109CFU/g, adding starch accounting for 2.5 percent of the mass of the bacterial suspension and mannan oligosaccharide accounting for 0.8 percent of the mass of the bacterial suspension into the bacterial suspension, and uniformly mixing to obtain a thallus mixed solution;
uniformly and fully mixing and dissolving sodium alginate and distilled water to obtain a sodium alginate solution, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium alginate in the sodium alginate solution is 4%;
and thirdly, fully and uniformly mixing the thallus mixed solution and the sodium alginate solution according to the volume ratio of 1:5 to obtain a mixed solution I, dripping the mixed solution I into a calcium chloride solution through an injector, solidifying for 30min, filtering, washing and drying at 40 ℃ to obtain capsule particles, namely the probiotic additive.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sugarcane tail tips to obtain short stems with the size of 0.5-2 cm, cutting watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves to obtain watermelon fragments and evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments with the size of 0.5-2 cm, uniformly mixing the short stems with bean dregs, the watermelon fragments and the evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments according to the mass ratio of 3:2:1:0.1 to obtain a mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 60%;
(2) adding activated yeast, trichoderma reesei and bacillus subtilis into the mixture obtained in the step (1), wherein the ratio of the yeast to the trichoderma reesei to the bacillus subtilis is 3:1:2, the total addition amount of the thalli is 0.8 percent of the weight of the mixture, uniformly mixing, and carrying out aerobic fermentation at 35 ℃ for 3 days to obtain a primary fermentation product;
(3) adding activated lactobacillus into the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (2), wherein the addition amount of the activated lactobacillus is 0.5 percent of the weight of the primary fermentation product, uniformly stirring, carrying out sealed fermentation at 37 ℃ for 5 days to obtain a fermentation product, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermentation product at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain mixed silage;
(4) drying and crushing the shaddock peel and the loquat leaves to 30-50 meshes, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 10 times the weight of the mixed powder into the mixed powder, extracting for 2 hours at 90 ℃, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting for 3 times, combining the filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, and performing spray drying to obtain extract powder;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed silage obtained in the step (3), the extract powder obtained in the step (4), corn flour, wheat bran, fish bone meal, alfalfa meal, garlic powder, vegetable oil, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc methionine chelate, cellulase and a probiotic additive to obtain the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism.
Comparative example 1
The raw materials of the chicken feed in the comparative example are the same as the raw materials of the nutrient combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism in the example 1, and the preparation method of the feed in the comparative example specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sugarcane tail tips to obtain short stems with the size of 0.5-2 cm, cutting watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves to obtain watermelon fragments and evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments with the size of 0.5-2 cm, uniformly mixing the short stems with bean dregs, the watermelon fragments and the evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:0.1 to obtain a mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 65%;
(2) adding activated lactobacillus into the mixture obtained in the step (1), wherein the adding amount is 1% of the weight of the mixture, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting at 35 ℃ for 3 days to obtain a fermentation product, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermentation product at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain mixed silage;
(3) drying and crushing the shaddock peel and the loquat leaves to 30-50 meshes, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 10 times the weight of the mixed powder into the mixed powder, extracting for 2 hours at 90 ℃, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting for 3 times, combining the filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, and performing spray drying to obtain extract powder;
(4) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed silage obtained in the step (2), the extract powder obtained in the step (3), corn flour, wheat bran, fish bone meal, alfalfa meal, garlic powder, vegetable oil, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc methionine chelate, cellulase and a probiotic additive to obtain the chicken feed.
Comparative example 2
The raw materials of the chicken feed in the comparative example are the same as those of the nutrient combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism in the example 1, and the preparation method of the chicken feed in the comparative example specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sugarcane tail tips to obtain short stems with the size of 0.5-2 cm, cutting watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves to obtain watermelon fragments and evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments with the size of 0.5-2 cm, uniformly mixing the short stems with bean dregs, the watermelon fragments and the evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:0.1 to obtain a mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 65%;
(2) adding activated saccharomycetes, trichoderma reesei, bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria into the mixture obtained in the step (1), wherein the proportion of the saccharomycetes, the trichoderma reesei and the bacillus subtilis is 3:1:2, the total adding amount of the three bacteria is 1% of the weight of the mixture, the inoculation amount of the lactic acid bacteria is 1% of the weight of the mixture, uniformly stirring, carrying out sealed fermentation at 35 ℃ for 3 days to obtain a fermentation product, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermentation product at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain mixed silage;
(3) drying and crushing the shaddock peel and the loquat leaves to 30-50 meshes, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 10 times the weight of the mixed powder into the mixed powder, extracting for 2 hours at 90 ℃, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting for 3 times, combining the filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, and performing spray drying to obtain extract powder;
(4) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed silage obtained in the step (2), the extract powder obtained in the step (3), corn flour, wheat bran, fish bone meal, alfalfa meal, garlic powder, vegetable oil, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc methionine chelate, cellulase and a probiotic additive to obtain the chicken feed.
Comparative example 3
The raw materials of the chicken feed in the comparative example are the same as the raw materials of the nutrient combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism in the example 1, and the preparation method of the feed in the comparative example specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sugarcane tail tips to obtain short stems with the size of 0.5-2 cm, cutting watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves to obtain watermelon fragments and evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments with the size of 0.5-2 cm, uniformly mixing the short stems with bean dregs, the watermelon fragments and the evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:0.1 to obtain a mixture, and adjusting the water content of the mixture to 65%;
(2) sealing and fermenting the mixture obtained in the step (1) at 35 ℃ for 3 days to obtain a fermentation product, air-drying the fermentation product at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain mixed silage;
(3) drying and crushing the shaddock peel and the loquat leaves to 30-50 meshes, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 10 times the weight of the mixed powder into the mixed powder, extracting for 2 hours at 90 ℃, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting for 3 times, combining the filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, and performing spray drying to obtain extract powder;
(4) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed silage obtained in the step (2), the extract powder obtained in the step (3), corn flour, wheat bran, fish bone meal, alfalfa meal, garlic powder, vegetable oil, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc methionine chelate, cellulase and a probiotic additive to obtain the chicken feed.
Test example 1
The contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acidic detergent fiber, acetic acid and butyric acid in the silage obtained in the examples were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1, where the respective indices are based on dry matter.
TABLE 1 substance content in the mixed silage obtained in the examples
As can be seen from the table 1, the silage obtained by fermenting the sugarcane tail tips, the bean dregs and the watermelon peels improves the available nutrient components, compared with the raw materials, the silage crude protein is improved by more than 15%, and the silage crude protein is improved by only 6.5-8% in the comparative example group; the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber was significantly reduced in the examples compared to the comparative examples, indicating that the nutritional value and palatability of ensiling through two-step fermentation mixing was significantly improved. The content of butyric acid in the silage is extremely low and is not detected, and the butyric acid is a product of decomposition of protein, glucose and lactic acid by putrefying bacteria and butyric acid bacteria, so that the reproduction activities of the putrefying bacteria, the mould, the butyric acid bacteria and the like are inhibited, the silage is favorably stored, and the quality of the silage is improved. The ensilage contains acetic acid, can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and is beneficial to the growth of beneficial bacteria.
Test example 2
600 chickens with good health conditions at 150 days are selected, randomly and evenly divided into 8 groups, namely a control group, examples 1-4 groups and comparative examples 1-3 groups, each group is provided with 3 repeated treatments, and each repeated group is provided with 25 chickens for cage culture. The control group is fed by conventional daily ration, the feed in the examples 1-4 is respectively fed by the groups in the examples 1-4, and the feed in the comparative examples 1-3 is respectively fed by the groups in the comparative examples 1-3. Feeding for 1 time at 9:00 and 16:30 times a day, and keeping the rest according to conventional animal feeding management. Raising for 60 days, and testing the production performance, egg quality and immunity of the chickens.
The production performance is as follows: during the test period, eggs are picked up at 8:30 and 16:00 days, and after the test is finished, the egg yield, the laying rate, the egg weight and the feed-egg ratio are counted.
Egg quality: at the end of the experiment, 3 egg samples were randomly taken per repetition, and the yolk ratio, shell thickness, shell strength, yolk color and egg shape index were measured and averaged.
Immunity: after the test is finished, the empty stomach is 18 hours, 5 chickens are randomly selected for each treatment, the neck cutting is adopted for blood sampling of 8mL, the mixture is uniformly mixed by a heparin sodium tube and is preserved at the temperature of 4 ℃, and the supernatant is centrifugally taken and is preserved at the low temperature of 20 ℃ below zero to be tested. The content of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS), Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) activity were measured by ELISA kit (RnD, USA) double-antibody two-step sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
And (3) test results: table 2 shows the chicken production performance data, and it can be seen from table 2 that the average egg weight and the laying rate of the example group are both higher than those of the control group and the comparative group, and compared with the control group, the average egg weight of the example group is increased by 10%, the laying rate is increased by more than 8%, and the soft egg breaking rate and the feed-egg ratio are obviously reduced, which indicates that the chicken production performance can be effectively improved by feeding with the chicken feed of the present invention.
Table 2 effect of feed of the present invention on chicken production performance
| Group of | Average egg weight (g) | Soft egg breaking rate (%) | Laying rate (%) | Material to egg ratio |
| Control group | 57.32 | 0.57 | 70.24 | 2.45 |
| Example 1 | 63.51 | 0.34 | 75.96 | 2.2 |
| Example 2 | 64.83 | 0.23 | 77.14 | 2.13 |
| Example 3 | 64.74 | 0.24 | 76.98 | 2.12 |
| Example 4 | 64.79 | 0.24 | 77.05 | 2.14 |
| Comparative example 1 | 62.14 | 0.36 | 74.16 | 2.30 |
| Comparative example 2 | 62.45 | 0.36 | 74.78 | 2.28 |
| Comparative example 3 | 61.13 | 0.37 | 73.25 | 2.32 |
Table 3 shows the egg quality data of the chickens, and it can be seen from table 3 that the egg yolk ratio, the eggshell thickness and the eggshell strength of the practical group are all higher than those of the control group and the comparative group, and compared with the control group, the egg yolk ratio is improved by more than 10%, and the egg yolk color and the egg shape index are increased compared with those of the control group, which indicates that the egg quality of the chickens can be effectively improved by feeding the chickens with the feed of the present invention.
Table 3 effect of feed of the present invention on egg quality of chickens
Table 4 shows the data of the immunity index of the chicken in the experiment, and it can be seen from the table that the IgG content, NOS and iNOS activities in the chicken plasma were improved in the example group compared with the control group and the comparative example group; compared with a control group, the content of the IgG in the chicken plasma of the example group is improved by more than 15 percent, which shows that the body immunity of the chicken is improved by feeding the feed disclosed by the invention.
TABLE 4 Immunity index of chickens in the experiment
| Group of | NOS(μmol/L) | iNOS(IU/L) | IgG(μg/L) |
| Control group | 4.07 | 10.12 | 44.13 |
| Example 1 | 4.36 | 10.58 | 50.79 |
| Example 2 | 4.61 | 10.78 | 53.42 |
| Example 3 | 4.58 | 10.75 | 52.78 |
| Example 4 | 4.57 | 10.71 | 53.14 |
| Comparative example 1 | 4.20 | 10.49 | 48.15 |
| Comparative example 2 | 4.25 | 10.51 | 48.26 |
| Comparative example 3 | 4.13 | 10.42 | 47.89 |
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A nutritional combined chicken feed for improving immunity of organisms is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: mixing 30-40 parts of silage, 20-35 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of alfalfa meal, 2-4 parts of fishbone meal, 0.5-2 parts of vegetable oil, 0.5-1 part of garlic powder, 1-2 parts of shaddock peel, 2-3 parts of loquat leaves, 0.5-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.6 part of zinc methionine chelate, 0.1-0.2 part of cellulase and 0.05-0.1 part of probiotic additive; the mixed silage is mixed silage of sugarcane tail tips, bean dregs, watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves.
2. The nutrient combination chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism according to claim 1, wherein the probiotic additive is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of clostridium butyricum and 1-2 parts of bifidobacteria.
3. The nutrient combination chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism according to claim 2, wherein the probiotic additive is capsule granules with clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium as core and sodium alginate as wall material, and the preparation method of the probiotic additive comprises the following steps:
adding clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium into a liquid culture medium respectively, performing anaerobic fermentation for 48-72 hours at 30-35 ℃ to obtain a fermentation liquid, then centrifuging the fermentation liquid for 10-15 minutes at 4000-5000 r/min, collecting clostridium butyricum and bifidobacterium, suspending the bacteria by using a sterile 3% sucrose solution to obtain a bacterial suspension, wherein the concentration of the bacteria in the bacterial suspension is 108~109CFU/g, adding starch accounting for 2-3% of the mass of the bacterial suspension and mannan oligosaccharide accounting for 0.5-1% of the mass of the bacterial suspension into the bacterial suspension, and uniformly mixing to obtain a thallus mixed solution;
uniformly and fully mixing and dissolving sodium alginate and distilled water to obtain a sodium alginate solution, wherein the mass fraction of the sodium alginate in the sodium alginate solution is 3-6%;
and thirdly, adding the thallus mixed solution into a sodium alginate solution, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution I, wherein the volume ratio of the thallus mixed solution to the sodium alginate mixed solution is 1: 3-6, dripping the mixed solution I into a calcium chloride solution through an injector, the mass percentage concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 1-3%, solidifying for 30-40 min, filtering, washing, and air drying at 35-40 ℃ to obtain capsule particles, namely the probiotic additive.
4. The preparation method of the nutritional combination chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing sugarcane tail tips to obtain short stems with the size of 0.5-2 cm, cutting watermelon peels and evodia rutaecarpa leaves to obtain watermelon fragments and evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments with the size of 0.5-2 cm, uniformly mixing the short stems with bean dregs, the watermelon fragments and the evodia rutaecarpa leaf fragments according to the mass ratio of 2-3: 2:1:0.1 to obtain a mixture, and adjusting the water content of the premix to be 60-70%;
(2) adding a fermentation aid A into the mixture obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, and carrying out aerobic fermentation for 2-3 days at 28-37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation product;
(3) adding a fermentation aid B into the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring, carrying out sealed fermentation for 3-5 days at the temperature of 30-37 ℃ to obtain a final fermentation product, carrying out air drying treatment on the final fermentation product at the temperature of 40-55 ℃, and crushing to obtain mixed silage;
(4) drying and crushing the shaddock peel and the loquat leaves to 30-50 meshes, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 10 times the weight of the mixed powder into the mixed powder, extracting at 90-100 ℃ for 1-2 h, filtering, collecting filtrate, extracting for 3 times, combining the filtrate, concentrating the filtrate, and performing spray drying to obtain extract powder;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed silage obtained in the step (3), the extract powder obtained in the step (4), corn flour, wheat bran, fish bone meal, alfalfa meal, garlic powder, vegetable oil, calcium hydrophosphate, zinc methionine chelate, cellulase and a probiotic additive to obtain the nutritional combined chicken feed for improving the immunity of the organism.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation aid A is a mixture of yeast, Trichoderma reesei and Bacillus subtilis at a ratio of 3:1:2, and the addition amount of the fermentation aid A is 0.8-1.5% of the weight of the mixture.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation aid B is lactic acid bacteria, and the amount of the fermentation aid B added is 0.5 to 1% by weight of the primary fermented product.
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Application publication date: 20210112 |