CN112176088B - 一种区分荔枝品种的ssr引物组及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于分子生物学的技术领域,具体涉及一种区分荔枝品种的SSR引物组及其应用。所述SSR引物组包括6组荔枝SSR引物对,所述6组荔枝SSR引物对中的正向引物和引物的核苷酸序列分别如序列表中SEQ ID NO.1~SEQ ID NO.12所示。所得SSR引物在荔枝中扩增的带型清晰容易判读,同时适合普通变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测平台和毛细管荧光检测平台检测,所述SSR引物的多态性高且扩增重复性好;本发明的SSR引物应用于荔枝遗传多样性分析、品种区分鉴定、DNA指纹图谱构建等领域,有利于保护育种者、生产者和消费者的合法权益,促进荔枝产业的良性发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分子生物学的技术领域,具体涉及一种区分荔枝品种的SSR引物组及其应用。
背景技术
荔枝原产于中国,至今已有2000多年的栽培历史。野生种质资源与栽培品种达到500余份,据统计,2018年,国内荔枝栽培面积达到860万亩,年产量60多万吨,栽培面积与年产量均居世界首位。
荔枝作为我国华南地区特有的热带亚热带果树,具有较高的经济价值。荔枝为常绿乔木,可以用于改善生态环境。而且树干木材坚实,耐腐,可用于家具制作;一些栽培时间长的荔枝树根造型好,甚至比红木更适合做根雕。荔枝果肉味酸甜,可进入心脏、脾脏和肝脏的经络,还具有止嗝、止腹泻和促进食欲的功效。是人们十分喜爱的南方水果,每年六月份为果农带来不小的经济效益。荔枝食用后的果壳也有很高的利用价值,果壳内富含的多酚和原花青素在食品科学和医学已得到广泛利用。虽然荔枝不耐贮藏,但可加工成罐头保质期达到1年之久,还可以通过利用荔枝干加工技术和荔枝果汁加工技术充分发挥荔枝的经济价值。
近年来,随着我国对品种权保护的重视程度越来越高,每年育种家和科研单位育成和申请品种权保护的品种数量也越来越多,如何快速准确的进行品种区分就变得十分重要。荔枝由于无性繁殖及多年生特性,极易造成市场上发生“一品多名”、“多品一名”以及假冒侵权等现象;并且利用传统的鉴定方法将鉴定品种种植在相同的生长条件下,在生长发育的各个阶段对多个质量性状、数量性状及抗病性等做出观察记载,并进行品种比较,鉴定品种的异同。该方法明显存在鉴定周期长、易受环境影响、测试性状多、工作量大等问题,无法适应大量品种的鉴定需求。因此快速鉴定区分荔枝品种,是激励荔枝育种创新,维护市场公平竞争良好环境的迫切需求。
分子标记技术可以从基因层面直接反应荔枝品种间的亲缘关系,并且可以把各个品种特有的基因型反应出来,形成能代表品种特有的“指纹图谱”,从而在一定程度上弥补表型性状鉴定周期长、性状观测易受主观性和环境条件影响的不足,能够较快速地解决以无性繁殖为主的果树中“一品多名”、“多品一名”问题。AFLP、RAPD、ISSR、SRAP等分子标记技术在荔枝亲缘关系鉴定、遗传多样分析和品种鉴定上已有应用研究。但是,RAPD重复性较差;AFLP操作较复杂,稳定性较差;RFLP操作过程繁琐,效率低,成本高;ISSR标记大多是显性标记,不能有效区分显性纯合基因型和杂合基因型。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种区分荔枝品种的SSR引物组及其应用,所述SSR引物组扩增稳定、电泳条带清洗、多态性丰富,可有效用于荔枝遗传多样性分析、DNA指纹图谱构建和品种区分鉴定等研究。
本发明的技术内容如下:
本发明提供了一种区分荔枝品种的SSR引物组,所述SSR引物组包括6组荔枝SSR引物对,所述6组荔枝SSR引物对中的正向引物和反向引物的核苷酸序列分别如序列表中SEQID NO.1~SEQ ID NO.12所示。
所述区分荔枝品种的SSR引物组应用于包括荔枝遗传多样性分析、品种区分鉴定以及DNA指纹图谱构建。
本发明还提供了一种所述SSR引物组用于区分荔枝品种的方法,包括如下步骤:
1)提取荔枝品种的DNA;
2)以步骤1)提取的DNA为模板,选取表型差异最大的6种荔枝品种,选取多态性最丰富的且带型清晰的引物,筛选出6组引物对;
3)利用6组SSR引物对荔枝品种进行PCR扩增以及毛细管电泳,进行树状分析判定,品种间差异位点数大于4为不同品种,品种间差异位点数≤4为近似品种或者相同品种。
步骤1)所述提取荔枝品种的DNA的方法包括:
a)预热CTAB抽提液和β-巯基乙醇的混合物;
b)取荔枝的嫩绿叶片,置于预冷过的研钵中,加入PVP进行快速研磨得粉末;
c)将研磨得到的粉末加入到步骤a)的混合物中,混匀,吸取上清液,加入等体积的氯仿和异戊醇的混合物,离心;
d)吸取步骤c)离心后的上清液加入苯酚、氯仿和异戊醇的混合物,离心;
e)吸取步骤d)离心后的上清液加入醋酸钠和无水乙醇,离心,收集沉淀;
f)洗涤沉淀,溶解,离心,获取沉淀,备用。
步骤a)所述CTAB抽提液的配方成分包括十六烷基三乙基溴化铵、氯化钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐溶液、三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸溶液以及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明通过筛选出的6对SSR核心引物用于区分荔枝品种,所得SSR引物在荔枝中扩增的带型清晰容易判读,同时适合普通变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测平台和毛细管荧光检测平台检测,所述SSR引物的多态性高且扩增重复性好;
本发明的SSR引物应用于荔枝遗传多样性分析、品种区分鉴定、DNA指纹图谱构建等领域,有利于保护育种者、生产者和消费者的合法权益,促进荔枝产业的良性发展。
附图说明
图1为引物LZ74的毛细管电泳图;
图2为74个荔枝品种的SSR扩增结果;
图3为6对荔枝SSR核心引物对74个品种的聚类图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施案例以及附图说明对本发明作进一步详细的描述,应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的保护范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
若无特殊说明,本发明的所有原料和试剂均为常规市场的原料、试剂。
实施例1
一种基于SSR基因型区分荔枝品种的方法
1)荔枝基因组DNA的提取
a)74份荔枝品种材料
表1 74份荔枝品种
b)CTAB法提取基因组DNA
(1)先提前加热水浴锅到65℃,加入1.5ml 3%的CTAB抽提液和48ulβ-巯基乙醇,混匀后放入水浴锅中预热;
(2)称取0.5g嫩绿叶片,放入提前用液氮预冷过的研钵中,快速少量PVP,然后加入液氮快速研磨,直至样品呈粉末状;
(3)将磨好的样品快速倒入装有提前预热过的CTAB抽提液,上下颠倒摇匀,放入65℃的水浴锅中水浴1h,中间每隔5min轻轻摇匀1次,4℃,8000rpm离心6min,剩余步骤均在冰上进行;
(4)吸取1ml上清液小心地转入新的2ml离心管中,加入等体积的氯仿:异戊醇(24:1),颠倒混匀,在4℃条件下,1600rmp离心10min;
(5)吸取800ul上清液转入新的2ml离心管中,加入等体积的苯酚:氯仿:异戊醇(25:24:1),颠倒混匀,在4℃条件下,1600rmp离心10min;
(6)吸取600ul上清液转入新的2ml离心管中,加入1/10体积3M醋酸钠和2倍体积的无水乙醇,颠倒混匀,放到-6℃,2h以上(也可以过夜),6000rmp离心3min收集沉淀;
(7)用70%的乙醇洗涤2-3次(洗一次要离心一次,再洗,再离),风干30min,溶于50ul dd水(含10ng/ul RNaseA,用1000ul的dd水+2ul RNaseA配置)中,55℃水浴30min,离心,将沉淀转入1.5ml离心管中,-6℃保存备用。
其中,DNA提取液(CTAB抽提液)的配方为:分别称取6.0g十六烷基三乙基溴化铵和81.82g氯化钠放入烧杯中,然后加入40mL乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐溶液(pH8.0)、100mL 1mol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷盐酸溶液(pH8.0)和10.0g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),再加入800ml去离子水,65℃水浴中加热溶解,冷却后定容至1000mL。在103.4kPa(121℃)条件下灭菌6min,于4℃保存。
2)荔枝基因组SSR引物的筛选
根据表型差异,在74份荔枝中选择出表型差异最大的6份荔枝品种,用于检测荔枝基因组SSR标记的扩增情况及多态性。
采用合成查阅得到的129对引物,以上述6份荔枝材料的基因组DNA进行扩增,根据扩增结果,筛选可稳定扩增、带型清晰且多态性丰富的引物。
根据筛选结果,选取多态性最丰富且带型清晰的引物(如图1所示),共6对,如表2以及序列表所示。
表2 6种引物对及其序列
3)利用6种SSR引物对对74份荔枝品种进行PCR扩增以及毛细管电泳
a)PCR扩增反应体系共10μL,其中包括10ng/μL DNA模板1μL,2×Power Taq PCRMaster Mix 5μL,4μmol/L SSR上下游引物各1μL和2μL超纯水;
PCR程序为:94℃预变性5min;94℃变性30s,42-60℃退火30s,72℃30s,35个循环;72℃延伸10min,4℃保存。
b)毛细管电泳按照以下步骤进行:将每个品种的PCR产物用1xTE Buffer稀释12倍,然后吸取24μL加入到毛细管电泳仪的95个专用深孔板孔中,板中第96个孔分别加入24μL LIZ500分子量内标,最后将板放入Fragment Analyzer全自动毛细管电泳仪中(FSV2-CE,AATI,USA)进行检测;
最后将板放入Fragment Analyzer分析毛细管电泳结果,根据参照品种的扩增片段大小,确定待测样品该位点的等位变异大小。纯合位点的等位变异记录为X/X,杂合位点的等位变异记录为X/Y,其中X、Y为该位点上两个不同的等位变异片段大小,小片段在前,大片段在后,缺失记录为-/-,引物顺序按照多态性从高到低排列,相同基因型用采用黑底颜色标注,没有颜色标注表示品种间完全区分开,多个位点的数据整合在一起得到不同荔枝品种的扩增结果,结果如图2所示。
再将所有品种中扩增得到的条带转化为1、0的数字模式,有带记为1,无带记为0,以构建74个荔枝品种的数字分子指纹图谱,如表3所示。
表3 74个荔枝品种的数字分子指纹图谱
利用Popgen32软件计算引物的等位基因数(Na)、基因多样性指数(He)、多态性信息量(PIC)。
利用NTSYS-pc V2.10e软件计算品种间的遗传相似系数,用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,绘制树状图(图3)。
从图3中可以看出:大多数品种的遗传相似性系数小于0.90,可以把所有品种区别开。
在树状图中品种43和品种45无法完全区分开,比较两份材料的分子指纹图谱发现,74份材料中,品种43和品种45位点差异最小为4,因此可以判定:品种间差异位点数>4为不同品种;品种间差异位点数≤4为近似品种或者相同品种,形成鉴定结果。
序列表
<110> 华南农业大学
<120> 一种区分荔枝品种的SSR引物组及其应用
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Claims (3)
1.一种SSR引物组用于区分荔枝品种的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)提取荔枝品种的DNA;
2)以步骤1)提取的DNA为模板,选取表型差异最大的6种荔枝品种,选取多态性最丰富的且带型清晰的引物,筛选出6组引物对;
3)利用6组SSR引物对荔枝品种进行PCR扩增以及毛细管电泳,进行树状分析判定,品种间差异位点数大于4为不同品种,品种间差异位点数≤4为近似品种或者相同品种;
其中,所述6组荔枝SSR引物对中的正向引物和反向引物的核苷酸序列分别如序列表中SEQ ID NO.1~SEQ ID NO.12所示;
所述步骤1)所述提取荔枝品种的DNA的方法包括:
a)预热CTAB抽提液和β-巯基乙醇的混合物;
b)取荔枝的嫩绿叶片,置于预冷过的研钵中,加入PVP进行快速研磨得粉末;
c)将研磨得到的粉末加入到步骤a)的混合物中,混匀,吸取上清液,加入等体积的氯仿和异戊醇的混合物,离心;
d)吸取步骤c)离心后的上清液加入苯酚、氯仿和异戊醇的混合物,离心;
e)吸取步骤d)离心后的上清液加入醋酸钠和无水乙醇,离心,收集沉淀;
f)洗涤沉淀,溶解,离心,获取沉淀,备用。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种SSR引物组用于区分荔枝品种的方法,其特征在于,应用所述SSR引物组应用于品种区分鉴定以及DNA指纹图谱构建。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种SSR引物组用于区分荔枝品种的方法,其特征在于,应用所述SSR引物组应用于包括荔枝遗传多样性分析。
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