CN112167120A - Breeding method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia - Google Patents

Breeding method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia Download PDF

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CN112167120A
CN112167120A CN202011096823.0A CN202011096823A CN112167120A CN 112167120 A CN112167120 A CN 112167120A CN 202011096823 A CN202011096823 A CN 202011096823A CN 112167120 A CN112167120 A CN 112167120A
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fish
parts
tilapia
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CN112167120B (en
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郑尧
孟顺龙
陈家长
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Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming

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Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia, which comprises the steps of setting the depth of a fish pond to be 2m, and setting the depth of sludge at the bottom of the fish pond to be 0.5 m; arranging a plurality of floating beds in the fish pond, wherein the sum of the areas of the floating beds is 5-10% of the area of the fish pond; planting Chinese herbal medicines on a plurality of floating beds, wherein the Chinese herbal medicines comprise giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint; throwing into fishpondPlacing a plurality of tilapia mossambica, wherein the weight of the tilapia mossambica is 33g +/-5 g, and the density of the tilapia mossambica in the fishpond is 50-70 tails/m3(ii) a Feeding a plurality of feeds into the fish pond at regular time every day, wherein in the seedling stage, the feeds are fed at 8 and 16 points every day, and the weight of the fed feeds is 4.5-6.5% of the total weight of the fish fries each time; in the adult fish period, 8 and 16 feed points are put in each day, and the weight of the feed put in each time is 3.5-4.5% of the weight of the tilapia. By the arrangement, the intestinal immunity of the tilapia is improved, and the yield of the tilapia is improved.

Description

Breeding method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tilapia culture, in particular to a culture method for improving intestinal immunocompetence of tilapia.
Background
Tilapia, commonly known as: the African crucian carp, Vietnamese carp, Nanyang crucian carp and the like have strong adaptability, can live in fresh water and also can live in saline water with different salt contents. Tilapia is freshwater aquaculture fish which is important for scientific research and culture in world aquaculture industry, and is praised as one of main sources of future animal protein.
In recent years, with the continuous expansion of high-density culture scale, the culture environment is continuously worsened, the stress factor is increased, the intestinal immunity of tilapia is reduced, the growth speed of tilapia is slowed, and economic loss is brought to farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a breeding method for improving the intestinal immunocompetence of tilapia, and aims to improve the intestinal immunocompetence of tilapia and further improve the yield of tilapia.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a breeding method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia, which comprises the following steps:
setting the depth of the fish pond to be 2m, and setting the depth of sludge at the bottom of the fish pond to be 0.5 m;
arranging a plurality of floating beds in the fish pond, wherein the sum of the areas of the floating beds is 5-10% of the area of the fish pond;
planting Chinese herbal medicines on a plurality of floating beds, wherein the Chinese herbal medicines comprise giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint;
putting a plurality of tilapia mossambica into the fish pond, wherein the weight of the tilapia mossambica is 33g +/-5 g, and the density of the tilapia mossambica in the fish pond is 50-70 tails/m3；
Feeding a plurality of feeds into the fish pond at regular time every day, wherein the feeds are fed at 8 and 16 points every day in the seedling stage, and the weight of the fed feeds is 4.5-6.5% of the total weight of the fish fries each time; in the adult fish period, 8 and 16 feed points are put in each day, and the weight of the feed put in each time is 3.5-4.5% of the weight of the tilapia.
In the invention, the fishpond comprises a fish culture area and a non-fish culture area which are arranged at intervals by using a blocking net, and the surface of the non-fish culture area accounts for 2.5-5% of the surface area of the fishpond;
the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish further comprises the following steps:
sequentially connecting a plurality of floating beds end to end through connecting pieces to form an annular arrangement, so that one part of the floating beds is positioned in the fish culture area, and the other part of the floating beds is positioned in the non-fish culture area;
the connecting piece is driven by a driving device, so that the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area can be exchanged.
In the present invention, the driving the coupling member by configuring a driving means so that positions of the floating bed in the fish-farming area and the floating bed in the non-fish-farming area can be switched comprises:
starting the driving device at intervals of 2-4 weeks in 4-5 months every year to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area;
starting the driving device at intervals of 1-2 weeks in 6-8 months every year to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area;
and starting the driving device at intervals of 2-4 weeks in 9-10 months every year so as to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area.
In the invention, the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish further comprises the following steps:
setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 5-6% of the area of the fishpond in 4-5 months per year;
setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 8-10% of the area of the fishpond in 6-8 months per year;
setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 6-8% of the area of the fishpond in 9-10 months per year.
In the invention, the roots and stems of the Chinese herbal medicines are planted on a plurality of floating beds, and the Chinese herbal medicines comprise giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint and comprise:
the giant knotweed rhizome, the heartleaf houttuynia herb and the mint are planted on the same floating bed at intervals, and the planting area ratio of the giant knotweed rhizome to the heartleaf houttuynia herb to the mint is 1-1.5: 1-2: 1-2; or,
the polygonum cuspidatum, the houttuynia cordata and the mint are planted on the adjacent three floating beds respectively, and the planting area ratio of the polygonum cuspidatum to the houttuynia cordata to the mint is 1-1.5: 1-2: 1 to 2.
In the invention, a plurality of oxygen increasing machines are also arranged in the fish pond, and the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of fish further comprises the following steps:
22 parts per day: from 00 hours to the next day 8: when 00 hours, starting an aerator to increase oxygen, and in high-temperature seasons with the temperature of more than 32 ℃, in noon every day, 2: 00-4: 00 starting the aerator to adjust the dissolved oxygen of the upper and lower layers.
In the invention, the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish comprises the following steps: replacing one fifth of the water in the fish pond every week when the tilapia is in the young stage; changing the water in the pond three fifths a week while the tilapia is in the adult stage.
In the invention, the feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 17.5-18.5 parts of wheat flour, 23-54 parts of soybean meal, 26-28 parts of rapeseed meal, 9-11 parts of cotton bran, 0.9-1.1 parts of phospholipid powder, 0.9-1.1 parts of soybean oil, 1.4-1.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 5-7 parts of fish meal, 0.09-0.11 part of choline chloride, 0.9-1.1 part of fish compound premix and 0.04-0.06 part of vitamin C; wherein,
the compound premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.7 parts of vitamin A and vitamin B210.9 parts of vitamin B650 portions of vitamin B12Portion, vitamin K32.2 parts of biotin and 0.5 part of biotin1.65 parts of folic acid, 150 parts of inositol, 25 parts of nicotinic acid, 10 parts of calcium pantothenate, 25 parts of chalcanthite, 280 parts of copperas, 220 parts of zinc alum, 90 parts of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.45 part of sodium bicarbonate and 0.1 part of cobalt chloride hexahydrate.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the roots of giant knotweed, houttuynia cordata and mint are planted on a floating bed and soaked in water of a fish pond, so that tilapia cultured in the fish pond can bite the roots of the giant knotweed, the houttuynia cordata and the mint, and the roots of the giant knotweed, the houttuynia cordata and the mint all contain traditional Chinese medicine components capable of improving the intestinal immunity of the tilapia, so that the intestinal immunity of the roots of the giant knotweed, the houttuynia cordata and the mint can be improved, and the growth of the tilapia is facilitated;
secondly, nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements are needed during growth of the giant knotweed rhizome, the heartleaf houttuynia herb and the mint, so that the nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements in water in the fish pond are reduced under absorption of the giant knotweed rhizome, the heartleaf houttuynia herb and the mint, and further the water quality in the fish pond is favorably purified, and the growth of the tilapia is favorably promoted;
thirdly, the optimal growth period of the tilapia coincides with the optimal growth period of the giant knotweed rhizome, the houttuynia cordata and the mint, the growth of the root parts of the giant knotweed rhizome, the houttuynia cordata and the mint can meet the requirement of the tilapia, and elements contained in excrement discharged by the tilapia can be absorbed by the giant knotweed rhizome, the houttuynia cordata and the mint, so that a green culture system is formed;
fourthly, one part of the floating bed is positioned in a fish culture area of the fish pond, one part of the floating bed is positioned in a non-fish culture area, so that the giant knotweed, the houttuynia cordata and the mint on one part of the floating bed can be used as food of the tilapia mossambica, the giant knotweed, the houttuynia cordata and the mint on the other part of the floating bed can grow, and the positions are adjusted regularly, so that the giant knotweed, the houttuynia cordata and the mint on the floating bed can not die due to long-time biting of the tilapia mos.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a breeding method for improving intestinal immunocompetence of tilapia according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a connecting piece and a driving device used in the breeding method for improving the intestinal immunity of tilapia according to the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the connecting piece and the driving device used in the breeding method for improving the intestinal immunity of tilapia according to the invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should be considered to be absent and not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment of the invention, please refer to fig. 1, a breeding method for improving intestinal immunocompetence of tilapia includes the following specific steps:
setting the depth of the fish pond to be 2m, and setting the depth of sludge at the bottom of the fish pond to be 0.5 m;
arranging a plurality of floating beds in the fish pond, wherein the sum of the areas of the floating beds is 5% of the area of the fish pond;
planting Chinese herbal medicines on a plurality of floating beds, wherein the Chinese herbal medicines comprise giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint;
putting a plurality of tilapia mossambica into the fish pond, wherein the weight of the tilapia mossambica is 33g +/-5 g, and the tilapia mossambica density in the fish pond is 50 tails/m3；
Feeding a plurality of feeds into the fish pond at regular time every day, wherein the feeds are fed at 8 and 16 points every day in the seedling stage, and the weight of the fed feeds is 4.5 percent of the total weight of the fish fries every time; in the adult fish period, 8 and 16 feed points are put in each day, and the weight of the feed put in each time is 3.5 percent of the weight of the tilapia.
As a further scheme: the fishpond comprises a fish culture area and a non-fish culture area which are arranged at intervals by a barrier net, and the surface of the non-fish culture area accounts for 2.5 percent of the surface area of the fishpond; the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish further comprises the following steps:
sequentially connecting a plurality of floating beds end to end through connecting pieces to form an annular arrangement, so that one part of the floating beds is positioned in the fish culture area, and the other part of the floating beds is positioned in the non-fish culture area;
the connecting piece is driven by a driving device, so that the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area can be exchanged.
As a further scheme: the driving the connecting member by configuring a driving device so that the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area can be switched comprises:
starting the driving device at intervals of 2 weeks in 4-5 months every year so as to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area;
starting the driving device at intervals of 1 week in 6-8 months every year to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area;
and starting the driving device at intervals of 2 weeks in 9-10 months every year so as to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area.
As a further scheme: the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish further comprises the following steps: setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 5% of the area of the fishpond in 4-5 months per year; setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 8% of the area of the fishpond in 6-8 months per year; setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 6% of the area of the fishpond in 9-10 months per year.
As a further scheme: the rhizome of the Chinese herbal medicine is planted on the floating beds, and the Chinese herbal medicine comprises giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint and comprises: the giant knotweed rhizome, the heartleaf houttuynia herb and the mint are planted on the same floating bed at intervals, and the planting area ratio of the giant knotweed rhizome to the heartleaf houttuynia herb to the mint is 1: 1: 1; or, the polygonum cuspidatum, the houttuynia cordata and the mint are respectively planted on the adjacent three floating beds, and the planting area ratio of the polygonum cuspidatum to the houttuynia cordata to the mint is 1: 1: 1.
as a further scheme: a plurality of oxygen increasing machines are further arranged in the fish pond, and the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fishes further comprises the following steps: 22 parts per day: from 00 hours to the next day 8: when 00 hours, starting an aerator to increase oxygen, and in high-temperature seasons with the temperature of more than 32 ℃, in noon every day, 2: 00-4: 00 starting the aerator to adjust the dissolved oxygen of the upper and lower layers.
As a further scheme: the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish comprises the following steps: replacing one fifth of the water in the fish pond every week when the tilapia is in the young stage; changing the water in the pond three fifths a week while the tilapia is in the adult stage.
As a further scheme: the feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 17.5 parts of wheat flour, 23 parts of soybean meal, 26 parts of rapeseed meal, 9 parts of cotton bran, 0.9 part of phospholipid powder, 0.9 part of soybean oil, 1.4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 5 parts of fish meal, 0.09 part of choline chloride, 0.9 part of fish compound premix and 0.04 part of vitamin C; the compound premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.7 parts of vitamin A and vitamin B210.9 parts of vitamin B650 portions of vitamin B12Portion, vitamin K32.2 parts of biotin, 0.5 part of folic acid, 1.65 parts of folic acid, 150 parts of inositol, 25 parts of nicotinic acid, 10 parts of calcium pantothenate, 25 parts of chalcanthite, 280 parts of copperas, 220 parts of zinc alum, 90 parts of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.45 part of sodium bicarbonate and 0.1 part of cobalt chloride hexahydrate.
Example 2
In the embodiment of the invention, please refer to fig. 1, a breeding method for improving intestinal immunocompetence of tilapia includes the following specific steps:
setting the depth of the fish pond to be 2m, and setting the depth of sludge at the bottom of the fish pond to be 0.5 m;
arranging a plurality of floating beds in the fish pond, wherein the sum of the areas of the floating beds is 7.5 percent of the area of the fish pond;
planting Chinese herbal medicines on a plurality of floating beds, wherein the Chinese herbal medicines comprise giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint;
putting a plurality of tilapia mossambica into the fish pond, wherein the weight of the tilapia mossambica is 33g +/-5 g, and the tilapia mossambica density in the fish pond is 60 tails/m3；
Feeding a plurality of feeds into the fish pond at regular time every day, wherein the feeds are fed at 8 and 16 points every day in the seedling stage, and the weight of the fed feeds is 5.5 percent of the total weight of the fish fries each time; in the adult fish period, 8 and 16 feed points are put in each day, and the weight of the feed put in each time is 4 percent of that of the tilapia.
As a further scheme: the fishpond comprises a fish culture area and a non-fish culture area which are arranged at intervals by a barrier net, and the surface of the non-fish culture area accounts for 3.75% of the surface area of the fishpond; the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish further comprises the following steps:
sequentially connecting a plurality of floating beds end to end through connecting pieces to form an annular arrangement, so that one part of the floating beds is positioned in the fish culture area, and the other part of the floating beds is positioned in the non-fish culture area;
the connecting piece is driven by a driving device, so that the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area can be exchanged.
As a further scheme: the driving the connecting member by configuring a driving device so that the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area can be switched comprises:
starting the driving device at intervals of 3 weeks in 4-5 months every year so as to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area;
starting the driving device at intervals of 1.5 weeks in 6-8 months every year so as to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area;
and starting the driving device at intervals of 3 weeks in 9-10 months every year so as to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area.
As a further scheme: the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish further comprises the following steps: setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 5.5 percent of the area of the fishpond in 4-5 months per year; setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 9% of the area of the fishpond in 6-8 months per year; setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 7% of the area of the fishpond in 9-10 months per year.
As a further scheme: the rhizome of the Chinese herbal medicine is planted on the floating beds, and the Chinese herbal medicine comprises giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint and comprises: the giant knotweed rhizome, the heartleaf houttuynia herb and the mint are planted on the same floating bed at intervals, and the planting area ratio of the giant knotweed rhizome to the heartleaf houttuynia herb to the mint is 1.25: 1.5: 1.5; or the polygonum cuspidatum, the houttuynia cordata and the mint are respectively planted on the adjacent three floating beds, and the planting area ratio of the polygonum cuspidatum to the houttuynia cordata to the mint is 1.25: 1.5: 1.5.
as a further scheme: a plurality of oxygen increasing machines are further arranged in the fish pond, and the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fishes further comprises the following steps: 22 parts per day: from 00 hours to the next day 8: when 00 hours, starting an aerator to increase oxygen, and in high-temperature seasons with the temperature of more than 32 ℃, in noon every day, 2: 00-4: 00 starting the aerator to adjust the dissolved oxygen of the upper and lower layers.
As a further scheme: the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish comprises the following steps: replacing one fifth of the water in the fish pond every week when the tilapia is in the young stage; changing the water in the pond three fifths a week while the tilapia is in the adult stage.
As a further scheme: the feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of wheat flour, 38.5 parts of soybean meal, 27 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of cotton bran, 1 part of phospholipid powder, 1 part of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 6 parts of fish meal, 0.1 part of choline chloride, 1 part of fish compound premix and 0.05 part of vitamin C; the compound premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.7 parts of vitamin A and vitamin B210.9 parts of vitamin B650 portions of vitamin B12Portion, vitamin K32.2 parts of biotin, 0.5 part of folic acid, 1.65 parts of folic acid, 150 parts of inositol, 25 parts of nicotinic acid, 10 parts of calcium pantothenate, 25 parts of chalcanthite, 280 parts of copperas, 220 parts of zinc alum, 90 parts of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.45 part of sodium bicarbonate and 0.1 part of cobalt chloride hexahydrate.
Example 3
In the embodiment of the invention, please refer to fig. 1, a breeding method for improving intestinal immunocompetence of tilapia includes the following specific steps:
setting the depth of the fish pond to be 2m, and setting the depth of sludge at the bottom of the fish pond to be 0.5 m;
arranging a plurality of floating beds in the fish pond, wherein the sum of the areas of the floating beds is 10% of the area of the fish pond;
planting Chinese herbal medicines on a plurality of floating beds, wherein the Chinese herbal medicines comprise giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint;
putting a plurality of tilapia mossambica into the fish pond, wherein the weight of the tilapia mossambica is 33g +/-5 g, and the tilapia mossambica density in the fish pond is 70 tails/m3；
Feeding a plurality of feeds into the fish pond at regular time every day, wherein the feeds are fed at 8 and 16 points every day in the seedling stage, and the weight of the fed feeds is 6.5 percent of the total weight of the fish fries each time; in the adult fish period, 8 and 16 feed points are put in each day, and the weight of the feed put in each time is 4.5 percent of the weight of the tilapia.
As a further scheme: the fishpond comprises a fish culture area and a non-fish culture area which are arranged at intervals by a barrier net, and the surface of the non-fish culture area accounts for 5% of the surface area of the fishpond; the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish further comprises the following steps:
sequentially connecting a plurality of floating beds end to end through connecting pieces to form an annular arrangement, so that one part of the floating beds is positioned in the fish culture area, and the other part of the floating beds is positioned in the non-fish culture area;
the connecting piece is driven by a driving device, so that the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area can be exchanged.
As a further scheme: the driving the connecting member by configuring a driving device so that the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area can be switched comprises:
starting the driving device at intervals of 4 weeks at 4-5 months per year to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area;
starting the driving device at intervals of 2 weeks in 6-8 months every year so as to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area;
and starting the driving device at intervals of 4 weeks in 9-10 months every year so as to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area.
As a further scheme: the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish further comprises the following steps: setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 6% of the area of the fishpond in 4-5 months per year; setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 10% of the area of the fishpond in 6-8 months per year; setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 8% of the area of the fishpond in 9-10 months per year.
As a further scheme: the rhizome of the Chinese herbal medicine is planted on the floating beds, and the Chinese herbal medicine comprises giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint and comprises: the giant knotweed rhizome, the heartleaf houttuynia herb and the mint are planted on the same floating bed at intervals, and the planting area ratio of the giant knotweed rhizome to the heartleaf houttuynia herb to the mint is 1.5: 2: 2; or the polygonum cuspidatum, the houttuynia cordata and the mint are respectively planted on the adjacent three floating beds, and the planting area ratio of the polygonum cuspidatum to the houttuynia cordata to the mint is 1.5: 2: 2.
as a further scheme: a plurality of oxygen increasing machines are further arranged in the fish pond, and the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fishes further comprises the following steps: 22 parts per day: from 00 hours to the next day 8: when 00 hours, starting an aerator to increase oxygen, and in high-temperature seasons with the temperature of more than 32 ℃, in noon every day, 2: 00-4: 00 starting the aerator to adjust the dissolved oxygen of the upper and lower layers.
As a further scheme: the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish comprises the following steps: replacing one fifth of the water in the fish pond every week when the tilapia is in the young stage; changing the water in the pond three fifths a week while the tilapia is in the adult stage.
As a further scheme: the feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18.5 parts of wheat flour, 54 parts of soybean meal and 28 parts of rapeseed meal11 parts of cotton bran, 1.1 parts of phospholipid powder, 1.1 parts of soybean oil, 1.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 7 parts of fish meal, 0.11 part of choline chloride, 1.1 parts of fish compound premix and 0.06 part of vitamin C; the compound premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.7 parts of vitamin A and vitamin B210.9 parts of vitamin B650 portions of vitamin B12Portion, vitamin K32.2 parts of biotin, 0.5 part of folic acid, 1.65 parts of folic acid, 150 parts of inositol, 25 parts of nicotinic acid, 10 parts of calcium pantothenate, 25 parts of chalcanthite, 280 parts of copperas, 220 parts of zinc alum, 90 parts of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.45 part of sodium bicarbonate and 0.1 part of cobalt chloride hexahydrate.
Comparative example 1
A breeding method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia mossambica is different from that in example 1 in that three Chinese herbal medicines including giant knotweed, houttuynia cordata and mint are not planted on a floating bed, and other conditions are the same.
The advantageous effects of the present invention are further described below by way of example 1, example 2, example 3, and comparative example 1.
Figure BDA0002724033810000101
The above table shows that the breeding method of the invention can effectively improve the survival rate of tilapia and the yield of tilapia, and the adoption of Chinese herbal medicines for feeding tilapia in the breeding method of the invention can improve the intestinal immunity of tilapia, thereby improving the survival rate and the yield of tilapia.
It should be noted that, referring to fig. 2, the connecting member 200 in the above embodiments 1, 2 and 3 may be two flexible chains, which are annularly arranged and spaced from each other, and the floating bed 100 is located between the two flexible chains and respectively connected to the flexible chains; the driving device 300 comprises two motors 310 and two chain wheels 320, the two motors 310 can be fixed in the fishpond through the bracket 400, the two chain wheels 320 are respectively connected with an output shaft of a motor, the two motors 310 respectively drive the corresponding chain wheels 320 to rotate, and the two chain wheels 320 are respectively in transmission connection with a flexible chain, so that a plurality of floating beds connected with the two flexible chains are driven to move in the fishpond.
Referring to fig. 3, the connecting member 200' may also be a flexible rack, the two flexible racks are disposed in a ring shape and are spaced apart from each other, and the floating bed is located between the two flexible racks and is connected to the flexible racks respectively; the driving device 300 ' comprises two motors 310 ' and two gears 320 ', the two motors 310 ' can be fixed in the fish pond through the bracket 400, the two gears 320 ' are respectively connected with an output shaft of one motor 310 ', the two motors 310 ' respectively drive the corresponding gears 320 ' to rotate, and the two gears 320 ' are respectively meshed with one flexible rack, so that a plurality of floating beds connected with the two flexible racks are driven to move in the fish pond.
There are many different types of such coupling members and types of drive means, not to be enumerated here.
It should be noted that the motor may be controlled by a manual control or a control program of the controller, and is not limited in particular.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A culture method for improving intestinal immunocompetence of tilapia is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting the depth of the fish pond to be 2m, and setting the depth of sludge at the bottom of the fish pond to be 0.5 m;
arranging a plurality of floating beds in the fish pond, wherein the sum of the areas of the floating beds is 5-10% of the area of the fish pond;
planting Chinese herbal medicines on a plurality of floating beds, wherein the Chinese herbal medicines comprise giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint;
putting a plurality of tilapia mossambica into the fish pond, wherein the weight of the tilapia mossambica is 33g +/-5 g, and the density of the tilapia mossambica in the fish pond is 50-70 tails/m3；
Feeding a plurality of feeds into the fish pond at regular time every day, wherein the feeds are fed at 8 and 16 points every day in the seedling stage, and the weight of the fed feeds is 4.5-6.5% of the total weight of the fish fries each time; in the adult fish period, 8 and 16 feed points are put in each day, and the weight of the feed put in each time is 3.5-4.5% of the weight of the tilapia.
2. The aquaculture method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia according to claim 1, wherein the fish pond comprises a fish culture area and a non-fish culture area which are arranged by a barrier net at intervals, and the surface of the non-fish culture area accounts for 2.5-5% of the surface area of the fish pond;
the culture method for improving the intestinal immunity of the fish further comprises the following steps:
sequentially connecting a plurality of floating beds end to end through connecting pieces to form an annular arrangement, so that one part of the floating beds is positioned in the fish culture area, and the other part of the floating beds is positioned in the non-fish culture area;
the connecting piece is driven by a driving device, so that the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area can be exchanged.
3. The method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia according to claim 2, wherein said driving said connecting member by configuring a driving device to allow the positions of said floating bed in said fish-farming area and said floating bed in said non-fish-farming area to be exchanged comprises:
starting the driving device at intervals of 2-4 weeks in 4-5 months every year to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area;
starting the driving device at intervals of 1-2 weeks in 6-8 months every year to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area;
and starting the driving device at intervals of 2-4 weeks in 9-10 months every year so as to exchange the positions of the floating bed in the fish culture area and the floating bed in the non-fish culture area.
4. The method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia according to claim 1, wherein the method for improving intestinal immunity of fish further comprises:
setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 5-6% of the area of the fishpond in 4-5 months per year;
setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 8-10% of the area of the fishpond in 6-8 months per year;
setting the sum of the areas of a plurality of floating beds to be 6-8% of the area of the fishpond in 9-10 months per year.
5. The culture method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia according to claim 1, wherein rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines including giant knotweed rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb and mint are planted on a plurality of floating beds, and the Chinese herbal medicines include:
the giant knotweed rhizome, the heartleaf houttuynia herb and the mint are planted on the same floating bed at intervals, and the planting area ratio of the giant knotweed rhizome to the heartleaf houttuynia herb to the mint is 1-1.5: 1-2: 1-2; or,
the polygonum cuspidatum, the houttuynia cordata and the mint are planted on the adjacent three floating beds respectively, and the planting area ratio of the polygonum cuspidatum to the houttuynia cordata to the mint is 1-1.5: 1-2: 1 to 2.
6. The culture method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of oxygen-enriching machines are further arranged in the fish pond, and the culture method for improving intestinal immunity of fish further comprises the following steps:
22 parts per day: from 00 hours to the next day 8: when 00 hours, starting an aerator to increase oxygen, and in high-temperature seasons with the temperature of more than 32 ℃, in noon every day, 2: 00-4: 00 starting the aerator to adjust the dissolved oxygen of the upper and lower layers.
7. The method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia according to claim 1, wherein the method for improving intestinal immunity of fish comprises the following steps:
replacing one fifth of the water in the fish pond every week when the tilapia is in the young stage;
changing the water in the pond three fifths a week while the tilapia is in the adult stage.
8. The breeding method for improving intestinal immunity of tilapia according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 17.5-18.5 parts of wheat flour, 23-54 parts of soybean meal, 26-28 parts of rapeseed meal, 9-11 parts of cotton bran, 0.9-1.1 parts of phospholipid powder, 0.9-1.1 parts of soybean oil, 1.4-1.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 5-7 parts of fish meal, 0.09-0.11 part of choline chloride, 0.9-1.1 part of fish compound premix and 0.04-0.06 part of vitamin C; wherein,
the compound premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.7 parts of vitamin A and vitamin B210.9 parts of vitamin B650 portions of vitamin B12Portion, vitamin K32.2 parts of biotin, 0.5 part of folic acid, 1.65 parts of folic acid, 150 parts of inositol, 25 parts of nicotinic acid, 10 parts of calcium pantothenate, 25 parts of chalcanthite, 280 parts of copperas, 220 parts of zinc alum, 90 parts of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.45 part of sodium bicarbonate and 0.1 part of cobalt chloride hexahydrate.
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