CN112155128A - Method for preparing biological coarse feed by utilizing mulberry stalks - Google Patents
Method for preparing biological coarse feed by utilizing mulberry stalks Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing biological coarse fodder by mulberry stalks and a product thereof, wherein the raw material components of the biological coarse fodder comprise the following components in parts by weight: mulberry stalk 90-90 weight portions, corn powder 8-13 weight portions, ammonium bicarbonate 0.5-1.0 weight portions, active leaven 0.5-1.0 weight portions and salt 0.4-0.6 weight portions. The invention can effectively fill the technical blank of preparing the coarse fodder by utilizing the mulberry stalks, fully utilizes the raw materials of the mulberry stalks, has simple preparation method, can effectively fill the technical defect of preparing the biological coarse fodder by utilizing the mulberry stalks, decomposes the cellulose of the mulberry stalks into sugar, lipid and lactic acid, converts the mulberry stalks into the sour, fragrant, sweet and salty crisp fodder which is favored by cattle and sheep by scientific formula, changes waste into valuable, saves grains, has good effect of feeding cattle and sheep by the prepared biological coarse fodder, can enhance the appetite of the cattle and sheep, and can change the gastrointestinal efficacy of the cattle and sheep.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mulberry stalks, in particular to a method for preparing biological coarse feed by utilizing mulberry stalks.
Background
The mulberry stalks are used as a new feed resource, have high nutritive value, are often used as a biological feed after being fermented, are rich in high-content coarse fibers, have complex crude protein structures, are low in digestion and absorption rate of livestock and poultry, and are discharged along with excrement, so that the application of the mulberry stalks in livestock production is limited. The biological feed is prepared by fermenting the feed by a feed fermentation technology, and can meet the nutritional requirements of cultured animals. The mulberry stalks contain anti-nutritional factors, namely tannin, are natural preservatives, the average content of the tannin is about 1.60 percent, although silage has certain effect on degrading cellulose and tannin, the tannin content is still bitter after fermentation, the tannin content is reduced to 0.031 percent, and the mulberry stalks are used for preparing coarse feed to feed domestic animals such as cattle and sheep, thereby being an important way for solving the problems of 'food competition between people and livestock' and 'feed competition between cattle and sheep'; the mulberry stalk coarse feed is used for feeding livestock such as cattle and sheep, and the like, and the mulberries are returned to the field after passing through the abdomen, so that a large amount of organic fertilizer raw materials can be provided, the improvement of soil is facilitated, and the agricultural ecological environment is protected;
therefore, the development of mulberry stalks as a main raw feed resource for livestock such as cattle, sheep, fish and the like and aquatic livestock by using biotechnology is a great development of animal husbandry with national importance on animal husbandry. For various reasons, the existing feed is expensive and has an unsatisfactory use effect, and particularly, chemically synthesized feed and feed with different formulas contain a certain amount of components such as hormone and clenbuterol, and the high-cost feed is the maximum resistance for restricting the development of animal husbandry, so that improvement and innovation on the feed are urgent to solve for the development of pollution-free animal husbandry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing biological coarse feed by utilizing mulberry stalk branches and a product thereof, which can effectively solve the problem of resource utilization of the mulberry stalk branches in China, save grains and meet the requirement of pollution-free animal husbandry on feed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a biological coarse feed which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of mulberry stalk, 8-13 parts of corn flour, 0.5-1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-1.0 part of active leaven and 0.4-0.6 part of salt.
The active leaven comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation; the mass ratio of the active biochemical bacteria to the complex enzyme preparation is 1 (0.2-0.5); the active biochemical bacteria is selected from one or more of fiber-philic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, rumen content of ruminant and gastric juice propagation biochemical bacteria; the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase, wherein the enzyme activity in the compound enzyme preparation is 250U/kg, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the hemicellulase to the protease to the ligninase to the amylase is 1 (0.5-0.6) to 0.1-0.2 to 1.3-1.5 to 0.2-0.5.
Preferably, the raw material components further comprise: 6-8 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2-0.4 part of compound vitamins and 15-20 parts of plant extracts.
The organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of copper glycinate, 3-5 parts of ferrous fumarate, 0.2-0.4 part of hydroxyl zinc methionine, 0.5-1.0 part of manganese methionine, 0.05-0.15 part of yeast selenium and 0.04-0.08 part of chromium nicotinate.
The raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: the vitamin A feed additive comprises, by weight, 7-9 parts of vitamin A, 22-4 parts of vitamin B, 6-10 parts of vitamin E, 1-4 parts of folic acid, 5-10 parts of vitamin C and 3-5 parts of biotin.
The raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 6-10 parts of dried orange peel, 2-5 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 20-30 parts of astragalus, 3-5 parts of ginger, 6-9 parts of liquorice, 2-5 parts of motherwort, 15-20 parts of bamboo leaves and 4-8 parts of lily.
The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding water 20-30 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and soaking at 50-80 deg.C for 2-3 hr; adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.0-6.5, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
Preferably, the conditions of the ultrasonic extraction are: the temperature is 45-65 ℃, the time is 20-30min, and the power is 200-300W.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the biological coarse feed, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mulberry stalks, corn flour, ammonium bicarbonate and an active leavening agent, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a semi-finished biological coarse feed; and drying and crushing the semi-finished biological coarse feed, then adding other residual raw material components, uniformly mixing, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse feed.
Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation comprises in particular the steps of: packaging the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.5-0.8 m, the width of 0.2-0.3 m and the height of 0.6-0.9 m, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation; opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 5-7 days, stirring uniformly, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days is 14-16 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can effectively overcome the technical defect of preparing the biological coarse feed by utilizing the mulberry stalks, decomposes the cellulose of the mulberry stalks into sugar, lipid and lactic acid, converts the mulberry stalks into the sour, fragrant, sweet and salty crisp feed which is favored by cattle and sheep by a scientific formula, and changes waste into valuable.
2. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple, the raw materials are rich and easy to produce, silkworm breeding mulberry growing areas in China can be fully utilized as the raw materials, grains are saved, the biological coarse feed obtained by preparation has a good effect of feeding cattle and sheep, the appetite of the cattle and sheep can be enhanced, and the gastrointestinal efficacy of the cattle and sheep can be changed.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing biological roughage by using mulberry stalks according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained by combining the specific implementation modes, and the experimental methods in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from a conventional store unless otherwise specified. In the quantitative tests in the following examples, three replicates were set, and the data are the mean or the mean ± standard deviation of the three replicates.
The invention provides a biological coarse feed which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of mulberry stalk, 8-13 parts of corn flour, 0.5-1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-1.0 part of active leaven and 0.4-0.6 part of salt.
Preferably, the raw material components of the biological roughage further include: 6-8 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2-0.4 part of compound vitamins and 15-20 parts of plant extracts.
Active leaven the active leaven comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation with the mass ratio of 1 (0.2-0.5); the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1 (0.6-0.8) to 1.2-1.5; the enzyme activity of the complex enzyme preparation is 220-250U/kg, and the complex enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase with the mass ratio of 1 (0.5-0.6): (0.1-0.2): (1.3-1.5): 0.2-0.5).
The organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of copper glycinate, 3-5 parts of ferrous fumarate, 0.2-0.4 part of hydroxyl zinc methionine, 0.5-1.0 part of manganese methionine, 0.05-0.15 part of yeast selenium and 0.04-0.08 part of chromium nicotinate.
The raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: the vitamin A feed additive comprises, by weight, 7-9 parts of vitamin A, 22-4 parts of vitamin B, 6-10 parts of vitamin E, 1-4 parts of folic acid, 5-10 parts of vitamin C and 3-5 parts of biotin.
The raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 6-10 parts of dried orange peel, 2-5 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 20-30 parts of astragalus, 3-5 parts of ginger, 6-9 parts of liquorice, 2-5 parts of motherwort, 15-20 parts of bamboo leaves and 4-8 parts of lily; the preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding water 20-30 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and soaking at 50-80 deg.C for 2-3 hr; adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.0-6.5, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction; the ultrasonic extraction conditions were: the temperature is 45-65 ℃, the time is 20-30min, and the power is 200-; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the biological coarse feed, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mulberry stalks, corn flour, ammonium bicarbonate and an active leavening agent, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a semi-finished biological coarse feed; wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: packaging the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.5-0.8 m, the width of 0.2-0.3 m and the height of 0.6-0.9 m, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation; opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 5-7 days, uniformly stirring, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days are 14-16 days;
and drying and crushing the semi-finished biological coarse feed, then adding other residual raw material components, uniformly mixing, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse feed.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a biological coarse feed, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 85 parts of mulberry stalk, 13 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent and 0.5 part of salt.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation with the mass ratio of 1: 0.2; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.6: 1.2; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 220U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.1:1.3: 0.2.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed: uniformly mixing mulberry stalks, corn flour, ammonium bicarbonate and an active leavening agent, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a semi-finished biological coarse feed; wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.5mm, the width of 0.2mm and the height of 0.6mm, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation; opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 5 days, uniformly stirring, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days are 15 days;
and drying and crushing the semi-finished biological coarse feed, then adding other residual raw material components, uniformly mixing, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse feed.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a biological coarse feed, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 90 parts of mulberry straw, 8 parts of corn flour, 0.5 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.0 part of active leavening agent and 0.5 part of salt.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation in a mass ratio of 1: 0.5; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.8: 1.5; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 250U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.2:1.5: 0.5.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed: uniformly mixing mulberry stalks, corn flour, ammonium bicarbonate and an active leavening agent, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a semi-finished biological coarse feed; wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.8m, the width of 0.3m and the height of 0.9m, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation; opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 7 days, uniformly stirring, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days are 15 days;
and drying and crushing the semi-finished biological coarse feed, then adding other residual raw material components, uniformly mixing, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse feed.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a biological coarse feed, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 88 parts of mulberry stem, 10 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent and 0.5 part of salt.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation in a mass ratio of 1: 0.4; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.7: 1.3; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 235U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.55:0.15:1.4: 0.3.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed: uniformly mixing mulberry stalks, corn flour, ammonium bicarbonate and an active leavening agent, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a semi-finished biological coarse feed; wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.7m, the width of 0.25m and the height of 0.8m, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation; opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 6 days, uniformly stirring, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days are 15 days;
and drying and crushing the semi-finished biological coarse feed, then adding other residual raw material components, uniformly mixing, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse feed.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a biological coarse feed, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 85 parts of mulberry stem, 13 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 6 parts of bean pulp, 4 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2 part of vitamin complex and 15 parts of plant extract.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation with the mass ratio of 1: 0.2; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.6: 1.2; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 220U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.1:1.3: 0.2.
The organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1 part by weight of copper glycinate, 5 parts by weight of ferrous fumarate, 0.2 part by weight of zinc hydroxy methionine, 1.0 part by weight of manganese methionine, 0.05 part by weight of selenium yeast and 0.08 part by weight of chromium nicotinate.
The raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of vitamin A, 24 parts of vitamin B, 6 parts of vitamin E, 4 parts of folic acid, 5 parts of vitamin C and 5 parts of biotin.
The raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 6 parts of dried orange peel, 5 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 20 parts of astragalus, 5 parts of ginger, 6 parts of liquorice, 5 parts of motherwort, 15 parts of bamboo leaves and 8 parts of lily; the preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding water 20 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and soaking at 50 deg.C for 2 hr; adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.0, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction; the ultrasonic extraction conditions were: the temperature is 45 ℃, the time is 20min, and the power is 200W; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed: uniformly mixing mulberry stalks, corn flour, ammonium bicarbonate and an active leavening agent, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a semi-finished biological coarse feed; wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.5mm, the width of 0.2mm and the height of 0.6mm, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation; opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 5 days, uniformly stirring, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days are 15 days;
and drying and crushing the semi-finished biological coarse feed, then adding other residual raw material components, uniformly mixing, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse feed.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a biological coarse feed, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 90 parts of mulberry stem, 8 parts of corn flour, 0.5 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.0 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 8 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of organic trace elements, 0.4 part of vitamin complex and 20 parts of plant extract.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation in a mass ratio of 1: 0.5; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.8: 1.5; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 250U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.2:1.5: 0.5.
The organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 3 parts of copper glycinate, 3 parts of ferrous fumarate, 0.4 part of zinc hydroxy methionine, 0.5 part of manganese methionine, 0.15 part of selenium yeast and 0.04 part of chromium nicotinate.
The raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: 9 parts of vitamin A, 22 parts of vitamin B, 10 parts of vitamin E, 1 part of folic acid, 10 parts of vitamin C and 3 parts of biotin.
The raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 10 parts of dried orange peel, 2 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 30 parts of astragalus, 3 parts of ginger, 9 parts of liquorice, 2 parts of motherwort, 20 parts of bamboo leaves and 4 parts of lily; the preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding water 30 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and soaking at 80 deg.C for 3 hr; adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.5, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction; the ultrasonic extraction conditions were: the temperature is 65 ℃, the time is 30min, and the power is 300W; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed: uniformly mixing mulberry stalks, corn flour, ammonium bicarbonate and an active leavening agent, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a semi-finished biological coarse feed; wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.8m, the width of 0.3m and the height of 0.9m, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation; opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 7 days, uniformly stirring, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days are 15 days;
and drying and crushing the semi-finished biological coarse feed, then adding other residual raw material components, uniformly mixing, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse feed.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a biological coarse feed, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 88 parts of mulberry stem, 10 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 7 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of organic trace elements, 0.3 part of vitamin complex and 18 parts of plant extract.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation in a mass ratio of 1: 0.4; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.7: 1.3; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 235U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.55:0.15:1.4: 0.3.
The organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 2 parts of copper glycinate, 4 parts of ferrous fumarate, 0.3 part of zinc hydroxy methionine, 0.8 part of manganese methionine, 0.10 part of selenium yeast and 0.06 part of chromium nicotinate.
The raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of vitamin A, 23 parts of vitamin B, 8 parts of vitamin E, 2 parts of folic acid, 7 parts of vitamin C and 4 parts of biotin.
The raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 8 parts of dried orange peel, 3 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 25 parts of astragalus, 4 parts of ginger, 7 parts of liquorice, 3 parts of motherwort, 18 parts of bamboo leaves and 6 parts of lily; the preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding 25 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae mass of water, and soaking at 65 deg.C for 2.5 hr; adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.2, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction; the ultrasonic extraction conditions were: the temperature is 55 ℃, the time is 25min, and the power is 250W; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed: uniformly mixing mulberry stalks, corn flour, ammonium bicarbonate and an active leavening agent, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a semi-finished biological coarse feed; wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.7m, the width of 0.25m and the height of 0.8m, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation; opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 6 days, uniformly stirring, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days are 15 days;
and drying and crushing the semi-finished biological coarse feed, then adding other residual raw material components, uniformly mixing, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse feed.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a biological coarse feed, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 88 parts of mulberry stem, 10 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 7 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of organic trace elements, 0.3 part of vitamin complex and 18 parts of plant extract.
Wherein the active leaven comprises active biochemical bacteria; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.7: 1.3.
The organic trace elements, the compound vitamins and the plant extracts are the same as in the sixth embodiment, and the preparation method of the biological coarse feed is the same as in the sixth embodiment.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a biological coarse feed, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 88 parts of mulberry stem, 10 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 7 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of organic trace elements and 0.3 part of vitamin complex.
The active leaven, the organic trace elements and the compound vitamins are the same as the sixth embodiment, and the preparation method of the biological coarse feed is the same as the sixth embodiment.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a biological coarse feed, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 88 parts of mulberry stem, 10 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 7 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of organic trace elements, 0.3 part of vitamin complex and 18 parts of plant extract.
Wherein, the raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 8 parts of dried orange peel, 3 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 25 parts of astragalus, 4 parts of ginger, 7 parts of liquorice, 3 parts of motherwort and 6 parts of lily;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding 25 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae mass of water, and soaking at 65 deg.C for 2.5 hr; adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.2, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction; the ultrasonic extraction conditions were: the temperature is 55 ℃, the time is 25min, and the power is 250W; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
The active leaven, the organic trace elements and the compound vitamins are the same as the sixth embodiment, and the preparation method of the biological coarse feed is the same as the sixth embodiment.
1. Effect of raising beef cattle
Beef cattle 270 with similar body weight and health condition were selected for the experiment. Randomly dividing the coarse fodder into 9 groups, feeding 30 heads of the coarse fodder respectively obtained in the first to sixth embodiments and the first to third comparative examples, and recording daily feed intake and beef cattle health condition of the coarse fodder every day; in addition, the morning was weighed on an empty stomach and the amount of feed remaining was counted. The feed-meat ratio, namely the feed amount consumed by the raised livestock and poultry for increasing one kilogram per day, is an index for measuring the livestock and poultry production performance of meat products obtained by feeding the feed; the cattle industry refers to the increase in the gross weight of beef cattle by the weight of feed consumed in one kilogram. Specifically, the initial weight, the final weight and the daily feed consumption of the beef cattle of each experimental group and the control group are recorded, then the daily gain and the feed-meat ratio of each beef cattle are calculated, and the average value is taken. The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 feeding Effect on beef cattle
2. Feeding effect on sheep
270 sheep with similar weight and health condition are selected for the experiment. Randomly dividing the coarse fodder into 9 groups, feeding 30 animals in each group with the biological coarse fodder prepared in the first to sixth examples and the first to third comparative examples, and recording daily feed intake and sheep health condition of the biological coarse fodder every day; in addition, the morning was weighed on an empty stomach and the amount of feed remaining was counted. The feed-meat ratio, namely the feed amount consumed by the raised livestock and poultry for increasing one kilogram per day, is an index for measuring the livestock and poultry production performance of meat products obtained by feeding the feed; the sheep raising industry refers to the increase of the wool weight of sheep by one kilogram of the feed consumed. Specifically, the initial weight, the final weight and the daily feed consumption of the sheep of each experimental group and the control group are recorded, then the daily weight gain and the feed conversion ratio of each sheep are calculated, and the average value is taken. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 feeding Effect on sheep
3. Disease-resistant effect of beef cattle
Beef cattle 270 with similar body weight and health condition were selected for the experiment. The animals were randomly divided into 9 groups of 30 animals each, and the biological roughage prepared in the first to sixth examples of the present invention and the first to third comparative examples was fed to the animals, and the health status of the beef cattle was recorded every day. After 5 days, 10mL of blood is randomly selected from the anterior vena cava of 10 beef cattle in each group, and the antiviral functional substances in the blood serum, namely immunoglobulin IgG and serum gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), are treated. Specifically, after serum is pretreated, a MINDRAYBS-200 full-automatic biochemical analyzer and a kit are used for measuring serum immunoglobulin IgG; serum interferon gamma (IFN-. gamma.) content was determined by ELISA. IgG is one of the most key components of the immune system in an animal body, and has various biological activities of resisting virus, resisting exotoxin, killing bacteria, neutralizing toxin and the like. The gamma-interferon has broad-spectrum antiviral effect, and can be used for cutting the combination of virus m741RNA and host cell ribosome, blocking virus propagation and resisting virus by means of gene synthesis of antiviral protein (TIP) in vivo. The specific results are shown in table 3, and it can be seen that the biological roughage provided by the invention can improve the immune function of beef cattle, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of beef cattle.
TABLE 3 disease-resistant Effect of beef cattle
The invention is characterized in that the mulberry stalk branches are treated by applying modern physical, chemical and biological technologies, cellulose of the mulberry stalks is decomposed into sugar, lipid and lactic acid, and the mulberry stalk branches are converted into sour, fragrant, sweet and salty crisp feed which is favored by cattle and sheep through a scientific formula. The method provided by the invention is simple, the raw materials in the main silkworm production area of China are rich, the biological coarse feed has good quality, cattle and sheep like to eat, and the local development of clean cattle and sheep breeding in the main silkworm production area is promoted through demonstration and popularization, so that the comprehensive utilization of the regional coarse feed is realized, the income of farmers is increased, the production chain of enterprises is prolonged, the traditional extensive economy of the main silkworm production area of China is changed, and the method is beneficial to the nation and the people.
The invention obtains satisfactory effect through experiment and application in practice, is very popular, not only solves the full utilization of mulberry stalk branches and the production of coarse fodder, creatively opens up the new world of coarse fodder for cattle and sheep, but also has very prominent feeding effect, and especially, the fermented fodder has good sweet taste and vinous flavor, can enhance the appetite of cattle and sheep, contains rich mycoprotein, has the effect of changing intestines and stomach and has the function of promoting digestion. The enzyme and organic acid decomposed by fermentation have a large amount of mycoprotein which can promote digestion and absorption of various nutrients, and the protein conversion rate is extremely high. Promoting growth and improving meat quality. Can produce various factors for stimulating the growth and development of animals in metabolism, can promote the metabolism of fat, prevent the phenomenon of meat quality reduction caused by excessive fat and improve the meat yield. The daily gain of beef cattle is about 1kg, the daily gain of sheep is 0.3kg, and the disease resistance of cattle and sheep is improved. But also reduces the foul smell of the excrement and improves the culture environment. The cattle and sheep manure is good in quality, is used as an excellent organic fertilizer raw material for planting, reduces the feed cost by more than 20%, has great economic and social benefits, and is an innovation on biological coarse feed.
The basic principles and principal features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A biological coarse feed is characterized in that the raw material components comprise, by weight; 85-90 parts of mulberry stalk, 8-13 parts of corn flour, 0.5-1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-1.0 part of active leaven and 0.4-0.6 part of salt.
2. The biological roughage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the active leaven comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation; the mass ratio of the active biochemical bacteria to the complex enzyme preparation is 1 (0.2-0.5);
the active biochemical bacteria are selected from one or more of cellulophilus, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, rumen contents of ruminant and biochemical bacteria propagated by gastric juice, the complex enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase, the enzyme activity in the complex enzyme preparation is 250U/kg, and the mass ratio of the cellulase, the hemicellulase, the protease, the ligninase and the amylase is 1 (0.5-0.6) to 0.1-0.2 to 1.3-1.5 to 0.5.
3. The biological roughage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw material components also comprise: 6-8 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2-0.4 part of compound vitamins and 15-20 parts of plant extracts.
4. A biological roughage according to claim 3, characterized in that: the organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of copper glycinate, 3-5 parts of ferrous fumarate, 0.2-0.4 part of hydroxyl zinc methionine, 0.5-1.0 part of manganese methionine, 0.05-0.15 part of yeast selenium and 0.04-0.08 part of chromium nicotinate.
5. A biological roughage according to claim 3, characterized in that: the raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: the vitamin A feed additive comprises, by weight, 7-9 parts of vitamin A, 22-4 parts of vitamin B, 6-10 parts of vitamin E, 1-4 parts of folic acid, 5-10 parts of vitamin C and 3-5 parts of biotin.
6. A biological roughage according to claim 3, characterized in that: the plant extract comprises the following raw material components: 6-10 parts of dried orange peel, 2-5 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 20-30 parts of astragalus, 3-5 parts of ginger, 6-9 parts of liquorice, 2-5 parts of motherwort, 15-20 parts of bamboo leaves and 4-8 parts of lily.
7. The biological roughage according to claim 6, wherein: the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding water 20-30 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and soaking at 50-80 deg.C for 2-3 hr;
adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.0-6.5, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
8. The biological roughage according to claim 7, wherein: the ultrasonic extraction conditions are as follows: the temperature is 45-65 ℃, the time is 20-30min, and the power is 200-300W.
9. A method of producing a biological roughage according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing mulberry stalks, corn flour, ammonium bicarbonate and an active leavening agent, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a semi-finished biological coarse feed;
and drying and crushing the obtained semi-finished biological coarse feed, then adding other residual raw material components, uniformly mixing, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse feed.
10. The method for preparing a biological roughage according to claim 9, wherein: the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: packaging the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.5-0.8 m, the width of 0.2-0.3 m and the height of 0.6-0.9 m, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation;
opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 5-7 days, stirring uniformly, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days is 14-16 days.
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| CN104585558A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-06 | 广西大学 | Mulberry tree briquette feed for cattle and sheep and preparation method of mulberry tree briquette feed |
| CN111328922A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-06-26 | 广西普唐生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing biological coarse feed by using whole broussonetia papyrifera and product thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104585558A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-05-06 | 广西大学 | Mulberry tree briquette feed for cattle and sheep and preparation method of mulberry tree briquette feed |
| CN111328922A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-06-26 | 广西普唐生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing biological coarse feed by using whole broussonetia papyrifera and product thereof |
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