CN111328922A - Method for preparing biological coarse feed by using whole broussonetia papyrifera and product thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing biological coarse feed by using whole broussonetia papyrifera and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing biological roughage by utilizing a whole broussonetia papyrifera and a product thereof, wherein the biological roughage is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 8-13 parts of corn flour, 0.5-1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-1.0 part of active leavening agent, 0.4-0.6 part of salt, 6-8 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2-0.4 part of compound vitamin and 15-20 parts of plant extract. The method for preparing the biological coarse fodder by utilizing the whole broussonetia papyrifera and the product thereof can effectively fill the technical blank of preparing the biological coarse fodder by utilizing the whole broussonetia papyrifera; the whole broussonetia papyrifera is fully utilized as a raw material, the preparation method is simple, the raw materials are rich and easy to produce, the biological coarse feed prepared by the method has a good effect of feeding cattle and sheep, can enhance the appetite of the cattle and sheep and change the gastrointestinal efficacy of the cattle and sheep, is a great innovation in the field of biological coarse feed preparation, and brings better application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feed preparation, in particular to a method for preparing biological roughage by utilizing a whole broussonetia papyrifera and a product thereof.
Background
As a new feed resource, the broussonetia papyrifera has high nutritive value and is often used as a biological feed after being fermented. The broussonetia papyrifera is rich in high-content crude fiber, the structure of crude protein is complex, the digestion and absorption rate of livestock and poultry is low, and a large amount of nutrient components are discharged along with excrement, so that the application of the broussonetia papyrifera in livestock production is limited. The feed for paper mulberry trees is mainly used by the whole plants, the tender degree and the growth speed of branches are considered, and the biological feed is prepared by fermenting the feed through a feed fermentation technology, so that the nutritional requirements of cultured animals can be met. The protein content of tender branches is high, the feeding effect is good, but the lignification degree can be improved along with the growth of the branches, the nutritional ingredients of the branches can be reduced, and a part of crude fibers can be effectively degraded through fermentation. The method is an important way for further developing and utilizing feed resources of the whole broussonetia papyrifera.
The biological feed is prepared by fermenting the whole broussonetia papyrifera as a main raw material, does not contain pesticides and hormones, has acid aroma and good palatability, can stimulate the appetite of animals, improve the feed intake and improve the digestion and absorption functions, can be stored for a long time, and increases the culture benefit. Broussonetia papyrifera contains an anti-nutritional factor, namely tannin, is a natural preservative, the average content of the tannin is about 1.60%, although silage has certain effect on degrading cellulose and tannin, the bitterness still exists, but the tannin content is reduced to 0.031% after fermentation.
This is a "green cause" with multiple purposes. Firstly, preparing coarse fodder by using a whole broussonetia papyrifera to feed domestic animals such as cattle and sheep, and the method is an important way for solving the problem of 'food competition between people and livestock' and 'feed competition between cattle and sheep'; secondly, the whole broussonetia papyrifera coarse feed is used for feeding livestock such as cattle and sheep, and the livestock is returned to the field after passing through the abdomen, so that a large amount of organic fertilizer raw materials can be provided, the soil improvement is facilitated, and the agricultural ecological environment is protected; thirdly, the yield of the meat of the livestock such as cattle, sheep and the like can be increased, the improvement of the meat structure of people in China is facilitated, and the health is facilitated; fourthly, the economic income of farmers (herdsmen) can be increased, and the shortage of farmers is widened to become rich and rushing to well-being. In addition, the development of processing industries such as slaughtering and leather and the like and two-three industries such as transportation and sale is promoted; therefore, the development of the whole broussonetia papyrifera as a main raw feed resource for livestock such as cattle, sheep, fish and aquatic animals by using biotechnology is leading to the development of animal husbandry with the national emphasis on animal husbandry.
For various reasons, the existing feed is expensive and has an unsatisfactory use effect, and particularly, chemically synthesized feed and feed with different formulas contain a certain amount of components such as hormone and clenbuterol, and the high-cost feed is the maximum resistance for restricting the development of animal husbandry, so that improvement and innovation on the feed are problems to be solved urgently for developing pollution-free animal husbandry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for preparing biological roughage by using a whole broussonetia papyrifera and a product thereof, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a biological roughage: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 8-13 parts of corn flour, 0.5-1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-1.0 part of active leavening agent, 0.4-0.6 part of salt, 6-8 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2-0.4 part of compound vitamin and 15-20 parts of plant extract.
Preferably, 85 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 13 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 6 parts of bean pulp, 4 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2 part of vitamin complex and 15 parts of plant extract.
Preferably, the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation; the mass ratio of the active biochemical bacteria to the complex enzyme preparation is 1 (0.2-0.5);
preferably, the active biochemical bacteria are selected from one or more of the group consisting of cellulophilus, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, rumen content of ruminant livestock and gastric juice propagation biochemical bacteria;
preferably, the complex enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase, wherein the enzyme activity in the complex enzyme preparation is 250U/kg, and the mass ratio of the cellulase, the hemicellulase, the protease, the ligninase and the amylase is 1 (0.5-0.6) to (0.1-0.2) to (1.3-1.5) to (0.2-0.5).
Preferably, the raw material components of the organic trace elements comprise, by weight: 1-3 parts of copper glycinate, 3-5 parts of ferrous fumarate, 0.2-0.4 part of hydroxyl zinc methionine, 0.5-1.0 part of manganese methionine, 0.05-0.15 part of yeast selenium and 0.04-0.08 part of chromium nicotinate.
Preferably, the raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise, by weight: 7-9 parts of vitamin A, 22-4 parts of vitamin B, 6-10 parts of vitamin E, 1-4 parts of folic acid, 5-10 parts of vitamin C and 3-5 parts of biotin.
Preferably, the raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 6-10 parts of dried orange peel, 2-5 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 20-30 parts of astragalus, 3-5 parts of ginger, 6-9 parts of liquorice, 2-5 parts of motherwort, 15-20 parts of bamboo leaves and 4-8 parts of lily.
Preferably, the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding water 20-30 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and soaking at 50-80 deg.C for 2-3 hr;
(2) adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.0-6.5, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction;
(3) filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
Preferably, the ultrasonic extraction conditions in step (2) are as follows: the temperature is 45-65 ℃, the time is 20-30min, and the power is 200- & ltwbr/& gt 300W.
Preferably, the method for preparing the biological roughage by using the whole broussonetia papyrifera comprises the following steps:
①, uniformly mixing the whole broussonetia papyrifera, the corn flour, the ammonium bicarbonate and the active leaven, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a primary biological coarse feed;
②, drying and crushing the preliminary biological coarse fodder, then adding other residual raw material components, mixing uniformly, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse fodder.
Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation in the step ① specifically comprises the steps of filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.5m-0.8m, the width of 0.2m-0.3m and the height of 0.6m-0.9m, sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation, opening the fermentation bag after 5-7t of fermentation, uniformly stirring, and continuing to seal the fermentation until the total days is 14-16 t.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing biological coarse feed by using a whole broussonetia papyrifera and a product thereof, and the method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can effectively fill the technical defect of preparing the biological coarse feed by utilizing the whole broussonetia papyrifera, the cellulose of the whole broussonetia papyrifera is decomposed into sugar, lipid and lactic acid, the whole broussonetia papyrifera is converted into the sour, fragrant, sweet and salty crisp feed which is favored by cattle and sheep through a scientific formula, and waste is changed into valuable;
2. the preparation method provided by the invention is simple, the raw materials are rich and easy to produce, the broussonetia papyrifera planting area in China can be fully utilized as the raw materials, the grains are saved, the biological coarse feed obtained by preparation has good effect of feeding cattle and sheep, the appetite of the cattle and sheep can be enhanced, and the gastrointestinal efficacy of the cattle and sheep can be changed; the method provided by the invention is a great innovation in the field of biological coarse fodder, and has great economic and social benefits.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
A biological coarse feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 8-13 parts of corn flour, 0.5-1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-1.0 part of active leavening agent, 0.4-0.6 part of salt, 6-8 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2-0.4 part of compound vitamin and 15-20 parts of plant extract.
The active leaven comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation; the mass ratio of the active biochemical bacteria to the complex enzyme preparation is 1 (0.2-0.5);
the active biochemical bacteria is selected from one or more of fiber-philic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, rumen content of ruminant and gastric juice propagation biochemical bacteria;
the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase, wherein the enzyme activity in the compound enzyme preparation is 250U/kg, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the hemicellulase to the protease to the ligninase to the amylase is 1 (0.5-0.6) to 0.1-0.2 to 1.3-1.5 to 0.2-0.5.
The organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of copper glycinate, 3-5 parts of ferrous fumarate, 0.2-0.4 part of hydroxyl zinc methionine, 0.5-1.0 part of manganese methionine, 0.05-0.15 part of yeast selenium and 0.04-0.08 part of chromium nicotinate.
The raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: the vitamin A feed additive comprises, by weight, 7-9 parts of vitamin A, 22-4 parts of vitamin B, 6-10 parts of vitamin E, 1-4 parts of folic acid, 5-10 parts of vitamin C and 3-5 parts of biotin.
The raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 6-10 parts of dried orange peel, 2-5 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 20-30 parts of astragalus, 3-5 parts of ginger, 6-9 parts of liquorice, 2-5 parts of motherwort, 15-20 parts of bamboo leaves and 4-8 parts of lily.
The preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding water 20-30 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and soaking at 50-80 deg.C for 2-3 hr;
(2) adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.0-6.5, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction;
the ultrasonic extraction conditions were: the temperature is 45-65 ℃, the time is 20-30min, and the power is 200-;
(3) filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
A method for preparing biological roughage by using a whole broussonetia papyrifera comprises the following steps:
①, uniformly mixing the whole broussonetia papyrifera, the corn flour, the ammonium bicarbonate and the active leaven, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a primary biological coarse feed;
the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.5-0.8 m, the width of 0.2-0.3 m and the height of 0.6-0.9 m, sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation, opening the fermentation bag after 5-7t of fermentation, uniformly stirring, and continuing to seal and ferment until the total days is 14-16 t.
②, drying and crushing the preliminary biological coarse fodder, then adding other residual raw material components, mixing uniformly, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse fodder.
Example 1
A biological coarse feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 13 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent and 0.5 part of salt.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation with the mass ratio of 1: 0.2; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.6: 1.2; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 220U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.1:1.3: 0.2.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed:
①, mixing the whole broussonetia papyrifera, the corn flour, the ammonium bicarbonate and the active leaven uniformly, and then performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain biological coarse feed;
wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.5mm, the width of 0.2mm and the height of 0.6mm, sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation, opening the fermentation bag after 5t of fermentation, uniformly stirring, and continuing to seal and ferment until the total days is 15 t;
② drying the coarse fodder, pulverizing, adding other rest materials, mixing, and granulating to obtain coarse fodder
Example 2
A biological coarse feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the method comprises the following steps: 90 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 8 parts of corn flour, 0.5 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.0 part of active leavening agent and 0.5 part of salt.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation in a mass ratio of 1: 0.5; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.8: 1.5; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 250U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.2:1.5: 0.5.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed:
①, mixing the whole broussonetia papyrifera, the corn flour, the ammonium bicarbonate and the active leaven uniformly, and then performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain biological coarse feed;
wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.8m, the width of 0.3m and the height of 0.9m, sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation, opening the fermentation bag after 7t of fermentation, uniformly stirring, and continuing to seal and ferment until the total days is 15 t;
②, drying and crushing the biological coarse fodder, then adding other residual raw material components, mixing uniformly, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse fodder.
Example 3
A biological coarse feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the method comprises the following steps: 88 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 10 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent and 0.5 part of salt.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation in a mass ratio of 1: 0.4; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.7: 1.3; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 235U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.55:0.15:1.4: 0.3.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed:
①, mixing the whole broussonetia papyrifera, the corn flour, the ammonium bicarbonate and the active leaven uniformly, and then performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain biological coarse feed;
wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.7m, the width of 0.25m and the height of 0.8m, sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation, opening the fermentation bag after 6t of fermentation, uniformly stirring, and continuing to seal and ferment until the total days is 15 t;
②, drying and crushing the biological coarse fodder, then adding other residual raw material components, mixing uniformly, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse fodder.
Example 4
A biological coarse feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the method comprises the following steps: 85 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 13 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 6 parts of bean pulp, 4 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2 part of compound vitamin and 15 parts of plant extract.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation with the mass ratio of 1: 0.2; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.6: 1.2; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 220U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.5:0.1:1.3: 0.2.
The organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1 part by weight of copper glycinate, 5 parts by weight of ferrous fumarate, 0.2 part by weight of zinc hydroxy methionine, 1.0 part by weight of manganese methionine, 0.05 part by weight of selenium yeast and 0.08 part by weight of chromium nicotinate.
The raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of vitamin A, 24 parts of vitamin B, 6 parts of vitamin E, 4 parts of folic acid, 5 parts of vitamin C and 5 parts of biotin.
The raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 6 parts of dried orange peel, 5 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 20 parts of astragalus, 5 parts of ginger, 6 parts of liquorice, 5 parts of motherwort, 15 parts of bamboo leaves and 8 parts of lily;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding water 20 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and soaking at 50 deg.C for 2 hr; adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.0, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction;
the ultrasonic extraction conditions were: the temperature is 45 ℃, the time is 20min, and the power is 200W; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed:
①, mixing the whole broussonetia papyrifera, the corn flour, the ammonium bicarbonate and the active leaven uniformly, and then performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain biological coarse feed;
wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.5mm, the width of 0.2mm and the height of 0.6mm, sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation, opening the fermentation bag after 5t of fermentation, uniformly stirring, and continuing to seal and ferment until the total days is 15 t;
②, drying and crushing the biological coarse fodder, then adding other residual raw material components, mixing uniformly, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse fodder.
Example 5
A biological coarse feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the method comprises the following steps: 90 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 8 parts of corn flour, 0.5 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 1.0 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 8 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of organic trace elements, 0.4 part of compound vitamin and 20 parts of plant extract.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation in a mass ratio of 1: 0.5; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.8: 1.5; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 250U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.6:0.2:1.5: 0.5.
The organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 3 parts of copper glycinate, 3 parts of ferrous fumarate, 0.4 part of zinc hydroxy methionine, 0.5 part of manganese methionine, 0.15 part of selenium yeast and 0.04 part of chromium nicotinate.
The raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: 9 parts of vitamin A, 22 parts of vitamin B, 10 parts of vitamin E, 1 part of folic acid, 10 parts of vitamin C and 3 parts of biotin.
The raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 10 parts of dried orange peel, 2 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 30 parts of astragalus, 3 parts of ginger, 9 parts of liquorice, 2 parts of motherwort, 20 parts of bamboo leaves and 4 parts of lily;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding 30 times of water, and soaking at 80 deg.C for 3 hr; adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.5, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction; the ultrasonic extraction conditions were: the temperature is 65 ℃, the time is 30min, and the power is 300W; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed:
①, mixing the whole broussonetia papyrifera, the corn flour, the ammonium bicarbonate and the active leaven uniformly, and then performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain biological coarse feed;
wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.8m, the width of 0.3m and the height of 0.9m, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation; opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 7t, uniformly stirring, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days is 15 t;
②, drying and crushing the biological coarse fodder, then adding other residual raw material components, mixing uniformly, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse fodder.
Example 6
A biological coarse feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the method comprises the following steps: 88 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 10 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 7 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of organic trace elements, 0.3 part of compound vitamin and 18 parts of plant extract.
Wherein the active leavening agent comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation in a mass ratio of 1: 0.4; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.7: 1.3; the enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation is 235U/kg, and the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase in a mass ratio of 1:0.55:0.15:1.4: 0.3.
The organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 2 parts of copper glycinate, 4 parts of ferrous fumarate, 0.3 part of zinc hydroxy methionine, 0.8 part of manganese methionine, 0.10 part of selenium yeast and 0.06 part of chromium nicotinate.
The raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of vitamin A, 23 parts of vitamin B, 8 parts of vitamin E, 2 parts of folic acid, 7 parts of vitamin C and 4 parts of biotin.
The raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 8 parts of dried orange peel, 3 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 25 parts of astragalus, 4 parts of ginger, 7 parts of liquorice, 3 parts of motherwort, 18 parts of bamboo leaves and 6 parts of lily;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding 25 times of water, and soaking at 65 deg.C for 2.5 hr; adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.2, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction; the ultrasonic extraction conditions were: the temperature is 55 ℃, the time is 25min, and the power is 250W; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
According to the raw materials, the preparation method provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the biological coarse feed:
①, mixing the whole broussonetia papyrifera, the corn flour, the ammonium bicarbonate and the active leaven uniformly, and then performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain biological coarse feed;
wherein, the anaerobic fermentation specifically comprises the following steps: filling the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with the length of 0.7m, the width of 0.25m and the height of 0.8m, and sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation; opening the fermentation bag after fermenting for 6t, uniformly stirring, and continuously sealing and fermenting until the total days is 15 t;
②, drying and crushing the biological coarse fodder, then adding other residual raw material components, mixing uniformly, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse fodder.
Comparative example 1
A biological coarse feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the method comprises the following steps: 88 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 10 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 7 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of organic trace elements, 0.3 part of compound vitamin and 18 parts of plant extract.
Wherein the active leaven comprises active biochemical bacteria; the active biochemical bacteria comprise the fiber-philic bacteria, the lactic acid bacteria and the bacillus with the mass ratio of 1:0.7: 1.3.
The organic trace elements, the compound vitamins and the plant extracts are the same as in the sixth embodiment, and the preparation method of the biological coarse feed is the same as in the sixth embodiment.
Comparative example 2
A biological coarse feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the method comprises the following steps: 88 parts of whole paper mulberry, 10 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 7 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of organic trace elements and 0.3 part of vitamin complex
Comparative example 3
A biological coarse feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the method comprises the following steps: 88 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 10 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 7 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of organic trace elements, 0.3 part of compound vitamin and 18 parts of plant extract.
Wherein, the raw material components of the plant extract comprise: 8 parts of dried orange peel, 3 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 25 parts of astragalus, 4 parts of ginger, 7 parts of liquorice, 3 parts of motherwort and 6 parts of lily;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding 25 times of water, and soaking at 65 deg.C for 2.5 hr; adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.2, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction; the ultrasonic extraction conditions were: the temperature is 55 ℃, the time is 25min, and the power is 250W; filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
The active leaven, the organic trace elements and the compound vitamins are the same as the sixth embodiment, and the preparation method of the biological coarse feed is the same as the sixth embodiment.
The biological roughages prepared in examples 1 to 6 of the present invention were systematically evaluated for their effects by functional tests, and the biological roughages prepared in comparative examples one to three were used as controls:
1. effect of raising beef cattle
Beef cattle 270 with similar body weight and health condition were selected for the experiment. Randomly dividing the coarse fodder into 9 groups, feeding 30 heads of the coarse fodder respectively obtained in the first to sixth embodiments and the first to third comparative examples, and recording daily feed intake and beef cattle health condition of the coarse fodder every day; in addition, the morning was weighed on an empty stomach and the amount of feed remaining was counted. The feed-meat ratio, namely the feed amount consumed by the raised livestock and poultry for increasing one kilogram per day, is an index for measuring the livestock and poultry production performance of meat products obtained by feeding the feed; the cattle industry refers to the increase in the gross weight of beef cattle by the weight of feed consumed in one kilogram. Specifically, the initial weight, the final weight and the daily feed consumption of the beef cattle of each experimental group and the control group are recorded, then the daily gain and the feed-meat ratio of each beef cattle are calculated, and the average value is taken. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 feeding Effect on beef cattle
| Group of | Diarrhea Rate (%) | Daily gain (kg/d) | Meat ratio of materials |
| Example 1 | 0 | 1.05 | 1.26:1 |
| Example 2 | 0 | 1.11 | 1.28:1 |
| Example 3 | 0 | 1.08 | 1.23:1 |
| Example 4 | 0 | 1.30 | 1.15:1 |
| Example 5 | 0 | 1.26 | 1.16:1 |
| Example 6 | 0 | 1.33 | 1.13:1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2 | 0.89 | 1.52:1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 8 | 0.85 | 1.65:1 |
| Comparative example 3 | 5 | 1.07 | 1.19:1 |
2. Feeding effect on sheep
270 sheep with similar weight and health condition are selected for the experiment. Randomly dividing the feed into 9 groups, feeding 30 animals in each group with the biological roughage prepared in the examples 1 to 6 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, and recording daily feed intake and sheep health condition; in addition, the morning was weighed on an empty stomach and the amount of feed remaining was counted. The feed-meat ratio, namely the feed amount consumed by the raised livestock and poultry for increasing one kilogram per day, is an index for measuring the livestock and poultry production performance of meat products obtained by feeding the feed; the sheep raising industry refers to the increase of the wool weight of sheep by one kilogram of the feed consumed. Specifically, the initial weight, the final weight and the daily feed consumption of the sheep of each experimental group and the control group are recorded, then the daily weight gain and the feed conversion ratio of each sheep are calculated, the average values are obtained, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 feeding Effect on sheep
| Group of | Diarrhea Rate (%) | Daily gain (kg/d) | Meat ratio of materials |
| Example 1 | 0 | 0.31 | 1.29:1 |
| Example 2 | 0 | 0.29 | 1.31:1 |
| Example 3 | 0 | 0.32 | 1.25:1 |
| Example 4 | 0 | 0.45 | 1.19:1 |
| Example 5 | 0 | 0.43 | 1.17:1 |
| Example 6 | 0 | 0.46 | 1.16:1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 3 | 0.30 | 1.48:1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 7 | 0.25 | 1.75:1 |
| Comparative example 3 | 2 | 0.32 | 1.29:1 |
3. Disease-resistant effect of beef cattle
Beef cattle 270 with similar body weight and health condition were selected for the experiment. The animals were randomly divided into 9 groups of 30 animals each, and the biological roughage prepared in the first to sixth examples of the present invention and the first to third comparative examples was fed to the animals, and the health status of the beef cattle was recorded every day. After 5 days, 10mL of blood is randomly selected from the anterior vena cava of 10 beef cattle in each group, and the antiviral functional substances in the blood serum, namely immunoglobulin IgG and serum gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), are treated. Specifically, after pretreatment of serum, a MINDRAYBS200 full-automatic biochemical analyzer and a kit are used for measuring serum immunoglobulin IgG; serum interferon gamma (IFN-. gamma.) content was determined by ELISA. IgG is one of the most key components of the immune system in an animal body, and has various biological activities of resisting virus, resisting exotoxin, killing bacteria, neutralizing toxin and the like. The gamma-interferon has broad-spectrum antiviral effect, and can be used for cutting the combination of virus m741RNA and host cell ribosome, blocking virus propagation and resisting virus by means of gene synthesis of antiviral protein (TIP) in vivo. The specific results are shown in table 3, and it can be seen that the biological roughage provided by the invention can improve the immune function of beef cattle, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of beef cattle.
TABLE 3 disease-resistant Effect of beef cattle
| Group of | IgG(g/L) | Gamma-interferon (pg/mL) |
| Example 1 | 228 | 203 |
| Example 2 | 232 | 202 |
| Example 3 | 235 | 205 |
| Example 4 | 256 | 223 |
| Example 5 | 254 | 222 |
| Example 6 | 262 | 226 |
| Comparative example 1 | 247 | 219 |
| Comparative example 2 | 196 | 184 |
| Comparative example 3 | 143 | 218 |
The invention relates to a biological coarse feed, which is characterized in that the whole broussonetia papyrifera is treated by modern physical, chemical and biological technologies, cellulose of the whole broussonetia papyrifera is decomposed into sugar, lipid and lactic acid, and the whole broussonetia papyrifera is converted into a sour, fragrant, sweet and salty crisp feed which is favored by cattle and sheep through a scientific formula. The method provided by the invention is simple, raw materials in paper mulberry main producing areas in China are rich, the biological coarse fodder has good quality, cattle and sheep like to eat, and the local development of clean cattle and sheep breeding in the paper mulberry main producing areas is promoted through demonstration and popularization, so that the comprehensive utilization of the regional coarse fodder is realized, the income of farmers is improved, the production chain of enterprises is prolonged, the traditional extensive economy of the paper mulberry main producing areas in China is changed, and the method is beneficial to the nation and the people.
The fermented feed has good sweet taste and wine aroma, can enhance the appetite of the cattle and sheep, contains rich mycoprotein, and has the effects of changing the gastrointestinal function and promoting the digestion. The enzyme and organic acid decomposed by fermentation have a large amount of mycoprotein which can promote digestion and absorption of various nutrients, and the protein conversion rate is extremely high. Promoting growth and improving meat quality. Can produce various factors for stimulating the growth and development of animals in metabolism, can promote the metabolism of fat, prevent the phenomenon of meat quality reduction caused by excessive fat and improve the meat yield. The daily gain of beef cattle is about 1kg, the daily gain of sheep is 0.3kg, and the disease resistance of cattle and sheep is improved. But also reduces the foul smell of the excrement and improves the culture environment. The cattle and sheep manure is good in quality, is used as an excellent organic fertilizer raw material for planting, reduces the feed cost by more than 20%, has great economic and social benefits, and is an innovation on biological coarse feed.
The basic principles and principal features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A biological roughage is characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 8-13 parts of corn flour, 0.5-1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-1.0 part of active leavening agent, 0.4-0.6 part of salt, 6-8 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2-0.4 part of compound vitamin and 15-20 parts of plant extract.
2. The biological roughage according to claim 1, characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts of whole broussonetia papyrifera, 13 parts of corn flour, 1.0 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of active leavening agent, 0.5 part of salt, 6 parts of bean pulp, 4 parts of organic trace elements, 0.2 part of compound vitamin and 15 parts of plant extract.
3. A biological roughage according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the active leaven comprises active biochemical bacteria and a complex enzyme preparation; the mass ratio of the active biochemical bacteria to the complex enzyme preparation is 1 (0.2-0.5);
the active biochemical bacteria are selected from one or more of fiber-philic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, rumen contents of ruminant and gastric juice propagation biochemical bacteria;
the compound enzyme preparation comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, ligninase and amylase, wherein the enzyme activity in the compound enzyme preparation is 250U/kg, and the mass ratio of the cellulase to the hemicellulase to the protease to the ligninase to the amylase is 1 (0.5-0.6) to 0.1-0.2 to 1.3-1.5 to 0.2-0.5.
4. A biological roughage according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the organic trace element comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of copper glycinate, 3-5 parts of ferrous fumarate, 0.2-0.4 part of hydroxyl zinc methionine, 0.5-1.0 part of manganese methionine, 0.05-0.15 part of yeast selenium and 0.04-0.08 part of chromium nicotinate.
5. A biological roughage according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the raw material components of the compound vitamin comprise the following components in parts by weight: 7-9 parts of vitamin A, 22-4 parts of vitamin B, 6-10 parts of vitamin E, 1-4 parts of folic acid, 5-10 parts of vitamin C and 3-5 parts of biotin.
6. A biological roughage according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the plant extract comprises the following raw material components: 6-10 parts of dried orange peel, 2-5 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 20-30 parts of astragalus, 3-5 parts of ginger, 6-9 parts of liquorice, 2-5 parts of motherwort, 15-20 parts of bamboo leaves and 4-8 parts of lily.
7. The biological roughage according to claim 6, wherein: the preparation method of the plant extract comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, folium Bambusae and herba Leonuri, adding water 20-30 times of pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and soaking at 50-80 deg.C for 2-3 hr;
(2) adjusting the pH value of the soaked product to 6.0-6.5, adding other residual raw material components, and performing ultrasonic extraction;
(3) filtering after the ultrasonic extraction is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain the plant extract.
8. The biological roughage according to claim 7, wherein: the ultrasonic extraction conditions in the step (2) are as follows: the temperature is 45-65 ℃, the time is 20-30min, and the power is 200- & ltwbr/& gt 300W.
9. The method for preparing biological roughage by using whole broussonetia papyrifera according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:
①, uniformly mixing the whole broussonetia papyrifera, the corn flour, the ammonium bicarbonate and the active leaven, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain a primary biological coarse feed;
②, drying and crushing the preliminary biological coarse fodder, then adding other residual raw material components, mixing uniformly, and granulating by adopting a granulator to obtain the biological coarse fodder.
10. The method for preparing biological roughage by using whole broussonetia papyrifera as claimed in claim 9, wherein the anaerobic fermentation in step ① specifically comprises the steps of packaging the uniformly mixed mixture into a fermentation bag with a length of 0.5-0.8 m, a width of 0.2-0.3 m and a height of 0.6-0.9 m, sealing the fermentation bag for fermentation, opening the fermentation bag after 5-7t of fermentation, uniformly stirring, and continuing to seal the fermentation until the total days is 14-16 t.
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| CN106173362A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | The method producing cattle and sheep complete feed for raw material ferment in second time with Broussonetia papyrifera branch and leaf |
| CN110679744A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-14 | 广西普唐生物科技有限公司 | Biological coarse feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106173362A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | The method producing cattle and sheep complete feed for raw material ferment in second time with Broussonetia papyrifera branch and leaf |
| CN110679744A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-14 | 广西普唐生物科技有限公司 | Biological coarse feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112155128A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-01 | 何国林 | Method for preparing biological coarse feed by utilizing mulberry stalks |
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