CN110915756A - Beef cattle raising method for improving meat quality - Google Patents

Beef cattle raising method for improving meat quality Download PDF

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CN110915756A
CN110915756A CN201911272635.6A CN201911272635A CN110915756A CN 110915756 A CN110915756 A CN 110915756A CN 201911272635 A CN201911272635 A CN 201911272635A CN 110915756 A CN110915756 A CN 110915756A
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parts
feeding
beef cattle
weight
feed
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刘世权
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Anhui Baofeng Ecological Agriculture Development Co Ltd
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Anhui Baofeng Ecological Agriculture Development Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention discloses a beef cattle raising method for improving meat quality. The invention adopts different feeding modes for beef cattle in different stages, and specifically comprises a fattening early stage, a fattening middle stage and a fattening late stage. Wherein, beef cattle to be fattened are selected to be fed in the early fattening period, and the compound fermented feed is required to be fed in addition to the basic feed; in the middle and late fattening period, Chinese medicinal compound feed is fed in addition to basic feed. By optimizing the feed formula and the feeding mode, the nutritional value and the quality of the beef are effectively improved, and the improvement of the economic benefit of beef cattle breeding is facilitated.

Description

Beef cattle raising method for improving meat quality
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a beef cattle breeding method for improving meat quality.
Background
The beef has rich nutritive value, has the characteristics of high protein, low fat and low cholesterol, and is deeply welcomed by consumers. With the improvement of living standard of people, the demand of beef is gradually increased, and particularly, the market demand of a certain scale is formed for high-quality beef. However, the traditional beef cattle raising method is relatively extensive, the quality of beef is not high, and the supply of high-quality beef in the market is insufficient. How to improve the quality of beef and improve the economic benefit of beef cattle breeding becomes a problem to be solved urgently in the field of beef cattle breeding at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a beef cattle raising method capable of improving meat quality, and the quality of beef is effectively improved by optimizing a feed formula and a feeding mode.
The invention provides a beef cattle raising method for improving meat quality, which adopts different feeding modes for beef cattle at different stages, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the early stage of fattening: selecting beef cattle to be fattened for feeding, wherein the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed A for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.2-0.3% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the compound fermented feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feeding amount is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the beef cattle, and the feeding time is 20-25 days;
the compound fermented feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of lactobacillus, 1-2 parts of bifidobacterium, 0.4-0.6 part of yeast, 20-30 parts of pine needle, 10-15 parts of tea and 30-40 parts of wheat flour.
(2) In the middle stage of fattening: the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed B for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.3-0.4% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the Chinese medicinal compound feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feeding amount is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the beef cattle; feeding for 35-45 days;
(3) and (3) in the later fattening period: the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed C3-4 times a day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.3-0.4% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the Chinese medicinal compound feed 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feeding amount is 0.3-0.4% of the weight of the beef cattle; feeding for 45-60 days;
the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 5-10 parts of cassia seeds, 5-10 parts of lotus seeds, 3-5 parts of spina date seeds, 10-15 parts of dried orange peels, 20-30 parts of pine needles, 3-5 parts of garlic, 20-30 parts of wheat flour, 3-5 parts of vitamins, 1-1.5 parts of trace elements and 0.3-0.5 part of α -amylase.
Preferably, the vitamins comprise the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of vitamin A, 0.5-1 part of vitamin C, 0.3-0.5 part of vitamin E and 0.2-0.5 part of vitamin D.
Preferably, the trace elements comprise the following components in parts by weight: ferrous sulfate 0.4-0.5, zinc sulfate 0.3-0.5, manganese sulfate 0.2-0.3, copper sulfate 0.05-0.1, cobalt chloride 0.03-0.06, potassium iodide 0.01-0.02, sodium selenite 0.01-0.02.
Preferably, the preparation method of the compound fermented feed comprises the following steps: preparing composite bacterial liquid with the weight percent of 0.1-0.2 by using lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and microzyme, then adding the crushed pine needles, tea leaves and wheat flour, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 3-6 days under the conditions that the pH is 5.8-6.4 and the temperature is 26-30 ℃, and then drying at 50-60 ℃ to obtain the composite fermented feed.
Preferably, the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed comprises the steps of preparing α -amylase into 0.2-0.4 wt% of enzyme liquid, then crushing raw materials except α -amylase, uniformly mixing, adding the enzyme liquid to prepare slurry, carrying out enzymolysis for 3-5 hours under the conditions that the pH is 6-6.5 and the temperature is 35-40 ℃, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed.
Preferably, the basic feed A is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 10-15 parts of hay, 1-2 parts of corn, 0.5-1 part of bean cake, 0.6-0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.5 part of shrimp shell powder and 0.025-0.03 part of salt.
Preferably, the basic feed B is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1 part of bran, 15-20 parts of vinasse, 2.5-5 parts of hay, 2-3 parts of corn, 1-2 parts of bean cake, 1-2 parts of bone meal, 0.8-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.5 part of baking soda and 0.035-0.04 part of salt.
Preferably, the basic feed C is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of vinasse, 5-10 parts of silage straws, 3-5 parts of corns, 0.5-1 part of baking soda, 0.4-0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of wheat germ oil and 0.05-0.06 part of salt.
Preferably, the fattening is carried out in a cowshed, maintaining the temperature in the cowshed at 8-16 ℃ and the relative humidity at 60-70%.
Preferably, in the fattening process, the cattle bodies are brushed for 1-2 times every day, and the cattle shed is disinfected for 1 time by 10-15 wt% of bleaching powder every 15 days.
Preferably, the beef cattle to be fattened have the age of 12-16 months and the weight of 300-350 kg.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the feeding method, in the fattening period of beef cattle feeding, different feeding modes are adopted for beef cattle in different stages, wherein the beef cattle in the early fattening period are in the adaptation period of feeding, a feeding formula of basic feed and compound fermented feed is adopted, and the pine needles and tea are moderately fermented by using lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and saccharomycetes, so that the nutritional ingredients such as minerals, vitamins and the like provided by the quick growth of the beef cattle can be provided, the digestion and absorption capacity of the gastrointestinal tract can be improved, the quick absorption of the beef cattle on nutrition can be promoted, and the adaptability of the beef cattle can be improved; the beef cattle fattening feed is characterized in that the middle stage and the later stage of fattening are rapid muscle and fat accumulation periods of beef cattle, formulas of traditional Chinese medicine compound feeds are added on the basis of different basic feeds respectively, the traditional Chinese medicine compound feeds are prepared by compounding traditional Chinese medicine components of semen cassiae, lotus seeds, spina date seeds, dried orange peels, pine needles and garlic, wherein the semen cassiae are bitter, sweet and salty in taste and slightly cold in nature, and have the effects of relaxing bowel, reducing fat and improving eyesight; the lotus seeds are sweet, astringent and neutral in nature, and have the effects of tonifying spleen and kidney, nourishing heart and soothing nerves; the spina date seed is sweet and neutral in taste, and has the effects of tonifying middle-jiao and liver, calming heart and tranquilizing; the dried orange peel is bitter and pungent in taste and warm in nature, regulates qi, strengthens spleen, eliminates dampness and reduces phlegm; pine needles are bitter in taste and warm in nature, dispel wind and dry dampness, kill parasites and relieve itching, and promote blood circulation and tranquilize mind; garlic has warm nature and pungent taste, warms middle energizer, promotes stagnation, detoxifies and kills insects; the compounding of the effective components can enhance the physique of the beef cattle, relieve the adverse phenomena of dysphoria, environmental stress and the like of the beef cattle, reduce the infection of bacteria, parasites and the like, keep the vigorous appetite of the beef cattle, promote the digestion and absorption capacity of the beef cattle to nutritional ingredients such as protein in feed and the like, and further improve the quality of the beef; the cassia seed, the lotus seed and the spina date seed also contain rich fatty acid components, which is beneficial to improving the content of unsaturated fatty acid in the beef, thereby improving the nutritional value and the taste of the beef; the wild jujube seed, the dried orange peel, the pine needle and the garlic have certain food calling effect, and the intake efficiency of the beef cattle on the effective components in the feed can be improved. By adjusting the nutritional formula of the beef cattle feed at different stages, the feeding amount and the feeding times, the beef cattle can quickly adapt to the fattening process, quickly gain weight, effectively improve the content of important nutritional ingredients such as protein, unsaturated fatty acid and the like in the beef, and simultaneously keep a certain fat content in the beef, thereby not only improving the nutritional value of the beef, but also being beneficial to improving the edible mouthfeel and creating higher economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A beef cattle raising method for improving meat quality specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the early stage of fattening: selecting beef cattle to be fattened for feeding, wherein the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed A for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.2 percent of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the compound fermented feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feeding amount is 0.1 percent of the weight of the beef cattle, and the feeding time is 25 days;
(2) in the middle stage of fattening: the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed B for 2 times every day, wherein the feed amount of each time is 0.3 percent of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feed amount is 0.1 percent of the weight of the beef cattle; feeding for 45 days;
(3) and (3) in the later fattening period: the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed C for 4 times a day, wherein the feed amount of each time is 0.3% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feed amount is 0.3% of the weight of the beef cattle; feeding for 60 days;
the fattening process is carried out in a cowshed, the temperature in the cowshed is kept at 8-16 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 60-70%; the cattle body was brushed 1 time per day and the barn was disinfected 1 time every 15 days with 10 wt% bleach.
The compound fermented feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of lactobacillus, 1 part of bifidobacterium, 0.4 part of yeast, 20 parts of pine needle, 10 parts of tea and 30 parts of wheat flour; the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing 0.1 wt% of composite bacterial liquid from lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and yeast, adding the crushed pine needles, tea and wheat flour, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 3 days under the conditions that the pH is 5.8 and the temperature is 26 ℃, and drying at 50 ℃ to obtain the composite fermented feed.
The traditional Chinese medicine compound feed is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 5 parts of cassia seed, 5 parts of lotus seed, 3 parts of spina date seed, 10 parts of dried orange peel, 20 parts of pine needle, 3 parts of garlic, 20 parts of wheat flour, 3 parts of vitamin, 1 part of trace element and 0.3 part of α -amylase, and is prepared by preparing α -amylase into 0.2 wt% of enzyme solution, then crushing the raw materials except α -amylase, uniformly mixing, adding the enzyme solution to prepare slurry, carrying out enzymolysis for 3-5 hours under the conditions that the pH is 6 and the temperature is 35 ℃, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed.
Wherein the vitamins comprise the following components in parts by weight: vitamin A2, vitamin C0.5, vitamin E0.3, vitamin D0.2; the trace elements comprise the following components in parts by weight: ferrous sulfate 0.4, zinc sulfate 0.3, manganese sulfate 0.2, copper sulfate 0.05, cobalt chloride 0.03, potassium iodide 0.01, and sodium selenite 0.01.
The basic feed A is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of bran, 5 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of hay, 1 part of corn, 0.5 part of bean cake, 0.6 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of shrimp shell powder and 0.025 part of salt.
The basic feed B is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5 part of bran, 15 parts of vinasse, 2.5 parts of hay, 2 parts of corn, 1 part of bean cake, 1 part of bone meal, 0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of baking soda and 0.035 part of salt.
The basic feed C is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of silage straws, 3 parts of corns, 0.5 part of baking soda, 0.4 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of wheat germ oil and 0.05 part of salt.
Example 2
A beef cattle raising method for improving meat quality specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the early stage of fattening: selecting beef cattle to be fattened for feeding, wherein the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed A for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.3 percent of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the compound fermented feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feeding amount is 0.2 percent of the weight of the beef cattle, and the feeding time is 20 days;
(2) in the middle stage of fattening: the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed B for 2 times every day, wherein the feed amount of each time is 0.4% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feed amount is 0.2% of the weight of the beef cattle; feeding for 35 days;
(3) and (3) in the later fattening period: the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed C for 3 times every day, wherein the feed amount of each time is 0.4% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feed amount is 0.4% of the weight of the beef cattle; feeding for 45 days;
the fattening process is carried out in a cowshed, the temperature in the cowshed is kept at 8-16 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 60-70%; the cattle body was brushed 2 times a day and the cattle house was disinfected 1 time every 15 days with 15 wt% bleaching powder.
The compound fermented feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of lactobacillus, 2 parts of bifidobacterium, 0.6 part of yeast, 30 parts of pine needle, 15 parts of tea and 40 parts of wheat flour; the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing 0.2 wt% of composite bacterial liquid from lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and yeast, adding the crushed pine needles, tea and wheat flour, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 6 days under the conditions that the pH is 6.4 and the temperature is 30 ℃, and drying at 60 ℃ to obtain the composite fermented feed.
The traditional Chinese medicine compound feed is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 10 parts of semen cassiae, 10 parts of lotus seeds, 5 parts of spina date seeds, 15 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 30 parts of pine needles, 5 parts of garlic, 30 parts of wheat flour, 5 parts of vitamins, 1.5 parts of trace elements and 0.5 part of α -amylase, and is prepared by preparing α -amylase into 0.4 wt% of enzyme solution, then crushing the raw materials except α -amylase, uniformly mixing, adding the enzyme solution to prepare slurry, carrying out enzymolysis for 5 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃ under the condition of pH 6.5, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed.
Wherein the vitamins comprise the following components in parts by weight: vitamin A4, vitamin C1, vitamin E0.5, vitamin D0.5; the trace elements comprise the following components in parts by weight: ferrous sulfate 0.5, zinc sulfate 0.5, manganese sulfate 0.3, copper sulfate 0.1, cobalt chloride 0.06, potassium iodide 0.02, sodium selenite 0.02.
The basic feed A is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of bran, 10 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of hay, 2 parts of corn, 1 part of bean cake, 0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of shrimp shell powder and 0.03 part of salt.
The basic feed B is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of bran, 20 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of hay, 3 parts of corn, 2 parts of bean cake, 2 parts of bone meal, 1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of baking soda and 0.04 part of salt.
The basic feed C is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of bean pulp, 15 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of silage straw, 5 parts of corn, 1 part of baking soda, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 part of wheat germ oil and 0.06 part of salt.
Example 3
A beef cattle raising method for improving meat quality specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the early stage of fattening: selecting beef cattle to be fattened for feeding, wherein the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed A for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.25 percent of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the compound fermented feed for 1 time in the morning or noon, wherein the feeding amount is 0.15 percent of the weight of the beef cattle, and the feeding time is 22 days;
(2) in the middle stage of fattening: the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed B for 2 times every day, wherein the feed amount of each time is 0.35% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feed amount is 0.15% of the weight of the beef cattle; feeding for 40 days;
(3) and (3) in the later fattening period: the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed C for 4 times a day, wherein the feed amount of each time is 0.35% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feed amount is 0.35% of the weight of the beef cattle; feeding for 50 days;
the fattening process is carried out in a cowshed, the temperature in the cowshed is kept at 8-16 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 60-70%; the cattle body was brushed 2 times a day, and the cattle house was disinfected 1 time every 15 days with 12 wt% bleaching powder.
The compound fermented feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of lactobacillus, 1.5 parts of bifidobacterium, 0.5 part of yeast, 25 parts of pine needle, 12 parts of tea and 35 parts of wheat flour; the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing 0.15 wt% of composite bacterial liquid from lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and yeast, adding the crushed pine needles, tea and wheat flour, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 5 days under the conditions that the pH is 6 and the temperature is 28 ℃, and drying at 55 ℃ to obtain the composite fermented feed.
The traditional Chinese medicine compound feed is prepared from 8 parts by weight of cassia seed, 6 parts by weight of lotus seed, 4 parts by weight of spina date seed, 12 parts by weight of dried orange peel, 24 parts by weight of pine needle, 4 parts by weight of garlic, 24 parts by weight of wheat flour, 4 parts by weight of vitamin, 1.2 parts by weight of trace elements and 0.4 part by weight of α -amylase, wherein α -amylase is prepared into 0.3 wt% of enzyme solution, then the raw materials except α -amylase are crushed and uniformly mixed, the enzyme solution is added to prepare slurry, enzymolysis is carried out for 4 hours under the conditions that the pH is 6.2 and the temperature is 38 ℃, and then spray drying is carried out to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine compound.
Wherein the vitamins comprise the following components in parts by weight: vitamin A3, vitamin C0.8, vitamin E0.4, vitamin D0.4; the trace elements comprise the following components in parts by weight: ferrous sulfate 0.45, zinc sulfate 0.4, manganese sulfate 0.25, copper sulfate 0.08, cobalt chloride 0.04, potassium iodide 0.015 and sodium selenite 0.015.
The basic feed A is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 parts of bran, 6 parts of vinasse, 12 parts of hay, 1.5 parts of corn, 0.6 part of bean cake, 0.75 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.45 part of shrimp shell powder and 0.027 part of salt.
The basic feed B is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8 part of bran, 16 parts of vinasse, 4 parts of hay, 2.4 parts of corn, 1.6 parts of bean cake, 1.8 parts of bone meal, 0.9 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.4 part of baking soda and 0.036 part of salt.
The basic feed C is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of vinasse, 8 parts of silage straws, 4 parts of corns, 0.8 part of baking soda, 0.45 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.25 part of wheat germ oil and 0.055 part of salt.
Test examples
Selecting 40 beef cattle aged 14 months and having the weight of 327.5 +/-18.8 kg, randomly dividing into 4 groups, feeding according to examples 1-3 and a traditional feeding method respectively, recording as a treatment group 1-3 and a control group, slaughtering all the beef cattle after the fattening period is finished, collecting longissimus muscle meat samples between 10 th and 13 th ribs, and analyzing nutrient components, wherein the protein, fat and ash are determined by a GB/T5009 method, and the content and composition of fatty acid are determined by a gas chromatography, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 beef nutrient analysis results
Protein (%) Fat (%) Ash (%) UFA/TFA
Treatment group 1 22.18±0.39 5.74±0.19 2.32±0.09 48.82
Treatment group 2 22.46±0.58 5.68±0.17 2.04±0.15 49.50
Treatment group 3 23.03±0.45 5.52±0.20 2.24±0.11 50.09
Control group 20.16±0.32 5.57±0.14 2.45±0.06 44.76
In table 1, UFA/TFA refers to the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids.
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the traditional feeding method, the method provided by the invention can significantly improve the contents of protein and unsaturated fatty acid in beef, and the fat content is kept moderate, so that the beef has good nutritional value and mouthfeel, and the quality of the beef can be effectively improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The beef cattle raising method for improving meat quality is characterized in that different feeding modes are adopted for beef cattle in different stages, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the early stage of fattening: selecting beef cattle to be fattened for feeding, wherein the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed A for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.2-0.3% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the compound fermented feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feeding amount is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the beef cattle, and the feeding time is 20-25 days;
the compound fermented feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of lactobacillus, 1-2 parts of bifidobacterium, 0.4-0.6 part of yeast, 20-30 parts of pine needle, 10-15 parts of tea and 30-40 parts of wheat flour.
(2) In the middle stage of fattening: the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed B for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.3-0.4% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the Chinese medicinal compound feed for 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feeding amount is 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the beef cattle; feeding for 35-45 days;
(3) and (3) in the later fattening period: the feeding mode is as follows: feeding the basic feed C3-4 times a day, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 0.3-0.4% of the weight of the beef cattle, and feeding the Chinese medicinal compound feed 1 time in the morning or at noon, wherein the feeding amount is 0.3-0.4% of the weight of the beef cattle; feeding for 45-60 days;
the traditional Chinese medicine compound feed is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 5-10 parts of cassia seeds, 5-10 parts of lotus seeds, 3-5 parts of spina date seeds, 10-15 parts of dried orange peels, 20-30 parts of pine needles, 3-5 parts of garlic, 20-30 parts of wheat flour, 3-5 parts of vitamins, 1-1.5 parts of trace elements and 0.3-0.5 part of α -amylase.
2. The method for feeding beef cattle improving meat quality as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the composite fermented feed comprises: preparing composite bacterial liquid with the weight percent of 0.1-0.2 by using lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and microzyme, then adding the crushed pine needles, tea leaves and wheat flour, uniformly mixing, fermenting for 3-6 days under the conditions that the pH is 5.8-6.4 and the temperature is 26-30 ℃, and then drying at 50-60 ℃ to obtain the composite fermented feed.
3. The method for feeding beef cattle capable of improving meat quality according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method for preparing the Chinese herbal compound feed comprises the steps of preparing α -amylase into 0.2-0.4 wt% of an enzyme solution, then crushing raw materials except α -amylase, uniformly mixing, adding the enzyme solution to prepare a slurry, carrying out enzymolysis for 3-5 hours under the conditions that the pH value is 6-6.5 and the temperature is 35-40 ℃, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the Chinese herbal compound feed.
4. The method for raising beef cattle improving meat quality as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the basal feed A is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 10-15 parts of hay, 1-2 parts of corn, 0.5-1 part of bean cake, 0.6-0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.5 part of shrimp shell powder and 0.025-0.03 part of salt.
5. The method for raising beef cattle improving meat quality as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the basal feed B is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1 part of bran, 15-20 parts of vinasse, 2.5-5 parts of hay, 2-3 parts of corn, 1-2 parts of bean cake, 1-2 parts of bone meal, 0.8-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.5 part of baking soda and 0.035-0.04 part of salt.
6. The method for raising beef cattle improving meat quality as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the basal feed C is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 10-15 parts of vinasse, 5-10 parts of silage straws, 3-5 parts of corns, 0.5-1 part of baking soda, 0.4-0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.4 part of wheat germ oil and 0.05-0.06 part of salt.
7. The method for raising beef cattle improving meat quality according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the fattening is carried out in a cowshed while maintaining the temperature in the cowshed at 8 to 16 ℃ and the relative humidity at 60 to 70%.
8. The method for raising beef cattle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the beef cattle are brushed 1 to 2 times per day and the cowshed is disinfected 1 time every 15 days with 10 to 15 wt% of bleaching powder during the fattening process.
9. The method for raising beef cattle improving meat quality as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the beef cattle to be fattened are aged 12-16 months and have a weight of 300-350 kg.
CN201911272635.6A 2019-12-12 2019-12-12 Beef cattle raising method for improving meat quality Pending CN110915756A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111758846A (en) * 2020-08-11 2020-10-13 黑龙江八一农垦大学 Compound feed additive for fattening beef cattle and preparation method thereof
CN112602835A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-04-06 衡阳师范学院 Feed additive for improving beef cattle fattening performance, preparation and use method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111758846A (en) * 2020-08-11 2020-10-13 黑龙江八一农垦大学 Compound feed additive for fattening beef cattle and preparation method thereof
CN112602835A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-04-06 衡阳师范学院 Feed additive for improving beef cattle fattening performance, preparation and use method thereof

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