CN112136535B - Chinese wolfberry tree pruning method - Google Patents
Chinese wolfberry tree pruning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112136535B CN112136535B CN202011022998.7A CN202011022998A CN112136535B CN 112136535 B CN112136535 B CN 112136535B CN 202011022998 A CN202011022998 A CN 202011022998A CN 112136535 B CN112136535 B CN 112136535B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The application discloses a Chinese wolfberry tree pruning method, which comprises the following steps: pruning the height of the vertical main trunk above the ground of the Chinese wolfberry tree to be 110-150 cm; sequentially selecting a first layer of flat oblique main branches and a second layer of flat oblique main branches from bottom to top along a main trunk of the Chinese wolfberry tree, and reserving four flat oblique main branches on each layer; cutting off all other branches below the first layer of flat and oblique main branches and on the main trunk between the first layer of flat and oblique main branches and the second layer of flat and oblique main branches; selectively pruning branches on the flat and inclined main branches of the first layer and the second layer, and pruning disordered branches to control fruit mother branches on the whole trees to be 30-50, control the whole tree number of annual fruit branches to be 100-180, and control the whole tree number of two-year fruit branches to be 5-15; during pruning, the diameters of the fruiting mother branches 2cm away from the roots of the branches are controlled to be more than 4mm, and the diameters of the fruiting branches grown for two years 2cm away from the roots of the branches are controlled to be more than 2 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of cultivation of Chinese wolfberry trees, in particular to a Chinese wolfberry tree pruning method.
Background
Ningxia wolfberry fruit is one kind of medicine and food and has the functions of nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting vital essence and improving eyesight. Therefore, in order to achieve harvest and improve the quality of the medlar, trimming and shaping are carried out on the medlar tree, but trimming modes are too many, and the trimming key points are not clear, so that the yield and the quality are unstable, so that a medlar tree trimming method is needed to be invented, the medlar tree trimming method is analyzed and researched for many years, and the scientific medlar tree trimming method is summarized through multiple trimming experiments and verifications, so that the win-win of the yield and the quality is realized, wherein the yield refers to how many kilograms of dry fruits are produced per mu per year; the more the super-high grade dry fruit accounts for, the better the quality.
Currently, the existing trimming methods include the following:
(1) and (3) tree-shaped culture: there are circular, spindle, layered, bifurcated, and the like.
(2) Main rod cultivation: the tree body is vertical, the tree crown is selected and remained, ventilation and light transmission are realized, and the branches are updated and uniformly distributed.
(3) Shaping: the crown is divided into 2-3 layers, one layer of crown width is 100-150cm, the distance between layers is 30cm, the two layers of crown width are 60-100cm, the three layers of crown width are 40-60cm, each layer of flat and inclined main branches is 5-6, and the crown deviation correction and crown layer vacancy filling are carried out in the pruning process of shearing, cutting and remaining.
(4) The whole pruning sequence is as follows: cleaning the base, shearing the top, cleaning the hall, cutting the bottom and repairing the periphery.
The existing trimming method has the disadvantages of multiple steps, high requirements on knowledge, experience and physical strength, low efficiency and difficulty in realizing mechanical trimming.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a Chinese wolfberry tree pruning method, which aims to solve the problems that the existing Chinese wolfberry tree pruning method has many steps, higher requirements on knowledge, experience and physical strength, low efficiency and difficult realization of mechanical pruning.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
a medlar tree pruning method specifically comprises the following steps:
pruning the height of the vertical main trunk above the ground of the Chinese wolfberry tree to be 110-150 cm;
sequentially selecting a first layer of flat oblique main branches and a second layer of flat oblique main branches from bottom to top along the main trunk of the Chinese wolfberry tree, wherein four flat oblique main branches are reserved on the first layer of flat oblique main branches, and four flat oblique main branches are also reserved on the second layer of flat oblique main branches;
all other branches on the main trunk below the first layer of flat and oblique main branches are cut off, and all other branches on the main trunk between the first layer of flat and oblique main branches and the second layer of flat and oblique main branches are cut off;
selectively trimming all branches on the first layer of flat inclined main branches and the second layer of flat inclined main branches, and cutting off disordered branches, so that the number of bearing mother branches on the whole tree is controlled to be 30-50, the number of whole trees of annual bearing branches emitted from the bearing mother branches is controlled to be 100-180, and the number of whole trees of two-year bearing branches generated from the bearing mother branches is controlled to be 5-15;
and during pruning, controlling the diameters of the fruiting mother branches 2cm away from the roots of the branches to be more than 4mm, and controlling the diameters of the two-year fruiting branches 2cm away from the roots of the branches to be more than 2 mm.
The included angle between adjacent flat and inclined main branches on the first layer of flat and inclined main branches is not less than 60 degrees, and the included angle between adjacent flat and inclined main branches on the second layer of flat and inclined main branches is not less than 60 degrees.
The distance from the head part of the first layer of flat and inclined main branches to the ground is 60-90 cm, the distance from the head part of the second layer of flat and inclined main branches to the ground is 110-150 cm, and the interlayer distance between the first layer of flat and inclined main branches and the second layer of flat and inclined main branches is 40-60 cm.
The distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branches to the main trunk is 40-60cm, and the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branches to the main trunk is 20-40 cm.
The lengths of the fruiting mother branches are controlled to be 10-20 cm, and the lengths of the two-year-old fruiting branches are also controlled to be 10-20 cm.
The method is used for pruning Ningxia wolfberry trees with the age of more than 4 years in the 3 month growth period and the 7 month defoliation period each year.
After all other branches on the main trunk between the first layer of flat oblique main branches and the second layer of flat oblique main branches are cut off, the method further comprises the following steps:
shearing the string and tillering, cleaning the branch under the crown, and shearing the stem, trunk, bore and crown of the plant.
The cutting of the disordered branches specifically comprises the following steps:
pruning diseases, insects, residual branches and weak branches with the diameter within 2mm on bearing branch groups, and pruning old bearing branches at the lower layer of the crown for more than 3 years and old and short bearing branches in the chamber for more than 3 years.
When the cut is adjacent to the knot or the cut is more than 5mm, a fruit healing agent needs to be applied.
The pruning method for the wolfberry trees is used for Ningxia wolfberry trees with the age of more than 4 years, and specifically comprises the following steps:
pruning the height of a main trunk above the ground of the Chinese wolfberry tree to be 120 cm;
sequentially selecting a first layer of flat oblique main branches and a second layer of flat oblique main branches from bottom to top along the main trunk of the Chinese wolfberry tree, wherein the interlayer distance between the first layer of flat oblique main branches and the second layer of flat oblique main branches is 50cm, four flat oblique main branches are reserved on the first layer of flat oblique main branches, four flat oblique main branches are also reserved on the second layer of flat oblique main branches, the included angle between adjacent flat oblique main branches on the first layer of flat oblique main branches is not less than 60 degrees, and the included angle between adjacent flat oblique main branches on the second layer of flat oblique main branches is not less than 60 degrees;
the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branches to the main trunk is 50cm, the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branches to the main trunk is 30cm, the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branches to the ground is 70cm, and the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branches to the ground is 120 cm;
cutting all other branches on the main trunk below the first layer of flat and inclined main branches, cutting all other branches on the main trunk between the first layer of flat and inclined main branches and the second layer of flat and inclined main branches, removing cross branches and tillering branches, cleaning the branches below the crown, and cutting useless overgrown branches in roots, trunks and bores of plants and crowns;
selectively pruning all branches on the first layer of flat oblique main branches and the second layer of flat oblique main branches, pruning crown diseases, insects, residual branches and weak branches with the diameter within 2mm on a bearing branch group, pruning old bearing branches with the diameter within 3 years and short bearing branches with the diameter within 3 years on the lower layer of a crown and old bearing branches with the diameter within 3 years in a chamber, controlling the number of bearing mother branches on the whole tree to be 40, controlling the whole number of annual bearing branches emitted from the bearing mother branches to be 140, controlling the lengths of the bearing mother branches and the annual bearing branches to be 15cm, controlling the whole number of two-year bearing branches on the bearing mother branches to be 10, and controlling the length of the two-year bearing branches to be 15 cm;
during pruning, controlling the diameter of the fruiting mother branch at a position 2cm away from the root of the branch to be more than 4mm, and controlling the diameter of the two-year fruiting branch at a position 2cm away from the root of the branch to be more than 2 mm;
when the cut is adjacent to the knot or the cut is more than 5mm, a fruit healing agent needs to be applied.
The technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the pruning method is simple and practical, has clear pruning technical indexes, mainly comprises parameter control of height of a main trunk of a tree body, the number of layers, layer distance, the number of layers of flat and oblique main branches, the length of the layers of flat and oblique main branches, the number of fruit branches and the thickness of the fruit branches, and the like, has simple and easy-to-remember parameter indexes, is convenient for a pruning person to master, reduces the requirements on the pruning person, improves the pruning efficiency, can effectively improve the yield and the quality of fresh fruits of the Chinese wolfberry, is convenient to prune by adopting a special shaping pruning machine for the Chinese wolfberry, and reduces the pruning labor amount and the cost.
2. The pruning method ensures that the tree body structure is stable, the interlayer is transparent and ventilated, the branches are appropriately dense and dense through simple and convenient data index requirements, the medlar tree body is convenient to grow, the conditions that the fruits are small, the quality is low, the branches are too small and the yield is low due to too many mutually competing nutrients are reduced, and the quality and the yield are ensured.
3. After the trimming method is adopted to shape the medlar tree, the medlar tree can be trimmed automatically and mechanically conveniently by adopting a special trimming and trimming machine for medlar, the trimming efficiency is greatly improved, and the trimming cost of fruit trees is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a medlar tree pruned by using a medlar tree pruning method according to the present application;
illustration of the drawings:
wherein, 1-main trunk, 2-first layer of flat oblique main branches, 3-second layer of flat oblique main branches, 4-bearing mother branches, 5-annual bearing branches and 6-two-year bearing branches.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following examples do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. But merely as exemplifications of systems and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application, as recited in the claims.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a medlar tree pruned by using the medlar tree pruning method of the present application is shown.
The application provides a Chinese wolfberry tree pruning method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
pruning the height of the vertical main trunk 1 above the ground of the Chinese wolfberry tree to be 110-150 cm;
the method comprises the following steps of pruning clockwise or anticlockwise by taking a layer as a unit, sequentially selecting a first layer of flat inclined main branches 2 and a second layer of flat inclined main branches 3 from bottom to top along a main trunk 1 of the Chinese wolfberry tree, reserving four flat inclined main branches on the first layer of flat inclined main branches 2, and reserving four flat inclined main branches on the second layer of flat inclined main branches 3;
all other branches on the main trunk 1 below the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 are cut off, and all other branches on the main trunk 1 between the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 and the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 are cut off;
selectively trimming all branches on the first layer of flat inclined main branches 2 and the second layer of flat inclined main branches 3, cutting out disordered branches, taking the branch capable of giving out a new bearing branch from the bud eye of the branch as a bearing mother branch, growing flower buds and leaf buds, taking the branch capable of flowering and bearing fruits in the same year as an annual bearing branch 5, taking the bearing branch growing in the past of the same year as a bearing branch 6 grown in two years, controlling the number of bearing mother branches 4 on the whole tree to be 30-50, controlling the number of the whole tree of the annual bearing branch 5 given out on the bearing mother branch 4 to be 100-180, and controlling the number of the whole tree of the annual bearing branch 6 grown in two years on the bearing mother branch 4 to be 5-15;
and during pruning, controlling the diameter of the fruiting mother branch 4 to be more than 4mm from the position 2cm away from the root of the branch, and controlling the diameter of the fruiting branch 6 which grows two years to be more than 2mm from the position 2cm away from the root of the branch.
The invention is based on layering:
the Ningxia wolfberry is shrub of Lycium of Solanaceae, has unlimited inflorescence, continuous flowers and fruits, soft branches and light-transmitting and ventilating growth requirement, and may be trimmed and controlled in different layers based on its growth characteristic.
The pruning method is simple and practical, the pruning technical indexes mainly comprise 'height of a main trunk of the tree body, the number of layers, layer distance, the number of layer flat inclined main branches, length of layer flat inclined main branches, the number of fruit branches and thickness of the fruit branches', the parameter indexes are simple and easy to remember, the pruning personnel can conveniently master the pruning method, the yield and the quality of fresh fruits of the Chinese wolfberry can be effectively improved, the Chinese wolfberry can be conveniently pruned by adopting a special pruning machine, and the pruning labor amount and the pruning cost are reduced.
The included angle between the adjacent flat and inclined main branches on the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 is not less than 60 degrees, and the included angle between the adjacent flat and inclined main branches on the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 is not less than 60 degrees.
The distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch 2 to the ground is 60-90 cm, the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch 3 to the ground is 110-150 cm, and the interlayer distance between the first layer of flat and inclined main branch 2 and the second layer of flat and inclined main branch 3 is 40-60 cm.
The distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch 2 to the main trunk 1 is 40-60cm, and the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch 3 to the main trunk 1 is 20-40 cm.
The length of the fruiting mother branch 4 is controlled to be 10-20 cm, and the length of the two-year-old fruiting branch 6 is also controlled to be 10-20 cm.
The method is used for pruning Ningxia wolfberry trees with the age of more than 4 years in the 3 month growth period and the 7 month defoliation period each year.
After all other branches on the main trunk 1 between the first layer of flat and oblique main branches 2 and the second layer of flat and oblique main branches 3 are cut off, the method further comprises the following steps:
shearing the string and tillering, cleaning the branch under the crown, and shearing the stem, trunk, bore and crown of the plant.
The cutting of the disordered branches specifically comprises the following steps:
cutting off the excessive and dense thin and weak branches with the diameter within 2mm on the crown disease, insect, residual branch and fruiting branch group, and cutting off the old fruiting branches with the lower layer of the crown for more than 3 years and the old short fruiting branches with the inner chamber for more than 3 years.
When the cut is adjacent to a knot or exceeds 5mm, the fruit tree healing agent needs to be coated, after the fruit tree healing agent is coated, the cut can be effectively protected, germ infection can be prevented, water evaporation can be reduced, the division of tree body cells can be stimulated to form callus, new skin can be rapidly grown, and wound healing can be promoted.
Example one
A medlar tree pruning method is used for Ningxia medlar trees with the age of more than 4 years, and specifically comprises the following steps:
pruning the height of a main trunk 1 above the ground of the Chinese wolfberry tree to be 120 cm;
sequentially selecting a first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 and a second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 from bottom to top along the main trunk 1 of the Chinese wolfberry tree, wherein the interlayer distance between the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 and the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 is 50cm, four flat and inclined main branches are reserved on the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2, four flat and inclined main branches are reserved on the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3, the included angle between adjacent flat and inclined main branches on the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 is not less than 60 degrees, and the included angle between adjacent flat and inclined main branches on the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 is not less than 60 degrees;
the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch 2 to the main trunk 1 is 50cm, the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch 3 to the main trunk 1 is 30cm, the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch 2 to the ground in a vertical mode is 70cm, and the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch 3 to the ground in a vertical mode is 120 cm;
all other branches on the main trunk 1 below the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 are cut off, all other branches on the main trunk 1 between the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 and the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 are cut off, cross branches and tillering branches are cut off, branches below a crown are removed completely, and useless overgrown branches in roots, trunks and chambers of plants and crowns are cut off;
selectively pruning all branches on the first layer of flat inclined main branches 2 and the second layer of flat inclined main branches 3, and pruning crown diseases, insects, residual branches and over-dense thin and weak branches with the diameter within 2mm on a bearing branch group, pruning old bearing branches with the diameter within 3 years on the lower layer of a crown and old short bearing branches with the diameter within 3 years on a chamber, so that the number of bearing mother branches 4 on the whole tree is controlled to be 40, the whole tree number of annual bearing branches 5 sent out on the bearing mother branches 4 is controlled to be 140, the length of the bearing mother branches 4 is controlled to be 15cm, the whole tree number of two-year bearing branches 6 sent out on the bearing mother branches 4 is controlled to be 10, and the length of the two-year bearing branches 6 is also controlled to be 15 cm;
during pruning, the diameters of the bearing mother branches 4 and the annual bearing branches 5 which are 2cm away from the root of the branch are controlled to be more than 4mm, and the diameters of the annual bearing branches 6 which are 2cm away from the root of the branch are controlled to be more than 2 mm;
when the cut is adjacent to the knot or the cut is more than 5mm, a fruit healing agent needs to be applied.
Example two
A medlar tree pruning method is used for Ningxia medlar trees with the age of more than 4 years, and specifically comprises the following steps:
pruning the height of a main trunk 1 above the ground of the Chinese wolfberry tree to be 130 cm;
sequentially selecting a first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 and a second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 from bottom to top along the main trunk 1 of the Chinese wolfberry tree, wherein the interlayer distance between the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 and the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 is 45cm, four flat and inclined main branches are reserved on the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2, four flat and inclined main branches are also reserved on the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3, the included angle between adjacent flat and inclined main branches on the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 is not less than 60 degrees, and the included angle between adjacent flat and inclined main branches on the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 is not less than 60 degrees;
the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch 2 to the main trunk 1 is 45cm, the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch 3 to the main trunk 1 is 25cm, the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch 2 to the ground in a vertical mode is 80cm, and the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch 3 to the ground in a vertical mode is 130 cm;
all other branches on the main trunk 1 below the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 are cut off, all other branches on the main trunk 1 between the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 and the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 are cut off, cross branches and tillering branches are cut off, branches below a crown are removed completely, and useless overgrown branches in roots, trunks and chambers of plants and crowns are cut off;
selectively pruning branches on all the first-layer flat oblique main branches 2 and all the second-layer flat oblique main branches 3, and pruning crown layer diseases, insects, residual branches and weak branches with the diameter within 2mm on a bearing branch group, pruning old bearing branches with the diameter within 3 years on the lower layer of a crown and old short bearing branches with the diameter within 3 years on a chamber, so that the number of the bearing parent branches 4 on the whole tree is controlled to be 35, the whole tree number of the annual bearing branches 5 sent out on the bearing parent branches 4 is controlled to be 123, the length of the bearing parent branches 4 is controlled to be 12cm, the whole tree number of the two-year bearing branches 6 sent out on the bearing parent branches 4 is controlled to be 8, and the length of the two-year bearing branches 6 is also controlled to be 12 cm;
during pruning, the diameters of 4 cm parts of the fruiting mother branches and 2cm parts of 6 cm parts of the two-year-old fruiting branches are controlled to be more than 4mm, and the diameters of 2cm parts of the two-year-old fruiting branches and 2cm parts of the two-year-old fruiting branches are controlled to be more than 2 mm;
when the cut is adjacent to the knot or the cut is more than 5mm, a fruit healing agent needs to be applied.
EXAMPLE III
A medlar tree pruning method is used for Ningxia medlar trees with the age of more than 4 years, and specifically comprises the following steps:
pruning the height of a main trunk 1 above the ground of the Chinese wolfberry tree to be 140 cm;
sequentially selecting a first layer of flat and oblique main branches 2 and a second layer of flat and oblique main branches 3 from bottom to top along the main trunk 1 of the Chinese wolfberry tree, wherein the interlayer distance between the first layer of flat and oblique main branches 2 and the second layer of flat and oblique main branches 3 is 55cm, four flat and oblique main branches are reserved on the first layer of flat and oblique main branches 2, four flat and oblique main branches are also reserved on the second layer of flat and oblique main branches 3, the included angle between adjacent flat and oblique main branches on the first layer of flat and oblique main branches 2 is not less than 60 degrees, and the included angle between adjacent flat and oblique main branches on the second layer of flat and oblique main branches 3 is not less than 60 degrees;
the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch 2 to the main trunk 1 is 55cm, the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch 3 to the main trunk 1 is 35cm, the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch 2 to the ground in a vertical mode is 85cm, and the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch 3 to the ground in a vertical mode is 140 cm;
all other branches on the main trunk 1 below the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 are cut off, all other branches on the main trunk 1 between the first layer of flat and inclined main branches 2 and the second layer of flat and inclined main branches 3 are cut off, cross branches and tillering branches are cut off, branches below a crown are removed completely, and useless overgrown branches in roots, trunks and chambers of plants and crowns are cut off;
selectively pruning branches on all the first-layer flat oblique main branches 2 and all the second-layer flat oblique main branches 3, and pruning crown diseases, insects, residual branches and weak branches with the diameter within 2mm on a bearing branch group, pruning old bearing branches with the diameter within 3 years on the lower layer of a crown and old short bearing branches with the diameter within 3 years on a chamber, so that the number of the bearing parent branches 4 on the whole tree is controlled to be 45, the whole tree number of the annual bearing branches 5 sent out on the bearing parent branches 4 is controlled to be 158, the length of the bearing parent branches 4 is controlled to be 15cm, the whole tree number of the two-year bearing branches 6 sent out on the bearing parent branches 4 is controlled to be 12, and the length of the two-year bearing branches 6 is controlled to be 18 cm;
during pruning, the diameters of 4 cm parts of the fruiting mother branches and 2cm parts of 6 cm parts of the two-year-old fruiting branches are controlled to be more than 4mm, and the diameters of 2cm parts of the two-year-old fruiting branches and 2cm parts of the two-year-old fruiting branches are controlled to be more than 2 mm;
when the cut is adjacent to the knot or the cut is more than 5mm, a fruit healing agent needs to be applied.
The above trimming operation was carried out in 3 months of growth and 7 months of defoliation in spring every year.
The pruning method has clear pruning technical indexes, mainly comprises parameter control of height of a main trunk of a tree body, the number of layers, layer distance, the number of layer flat inclined main branches, the length of the layer flat inclined main branches, the number of fruit branches and the thickness of the fruit branches, and the like, the parameter indexes are simple and easy to remember, so that pruning personnel can master the parameters, the requirements on the pruning personnel are reduced, the pruning efficiency is improved, the yield and the quality of fresh fruits of the Chinese wolfberry can be effectively improved, a special shaping pruning machine for the Chinese wolfberry is conveniently adopted for pruning, and the pruning labor amount and the pruning cost are reduced. The medlar tree trimmed by the method can be mechanically and automatically trimmed by a special trimming and trimming machine for medlar after being shaped.
The pruning method ensures that the tree body structure is stable, the interlayer is transparent and ventilated, the branches are appropriately dense and dense through simple and convenient data index requirements, the medlar tree body is convenient to grow, the conditions that the fruits are small, the quality is low, the branches are too small and the yield is low due to too many mutually competing nutrients are reduced, and the quality and the yield are ensured.
The embodiments provided in the present application are only a few examples of the general concept of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Any other embodiments extended according to the scheme of the present application without inventive efforts will be within the scope of protection of the present application for a person skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A medlar tree pruning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
trimming the height of the vertical main trunk (1) above the ground of the Chinese wolfberry tree to be 110-150 cm;
sequentially selecting a first layer of flat and inclined main branches (2) and a second layer of flat and inclined main branches (3) from bottom to top along the main trunk (1) of the Chinese wolfberry tree, wherein four flat and inclined main branches are reserved on the first layer of flat and inclined main branches (2), and four flat and inclined main branches are also reserved on the second layer of flat and inclined main branches (3);
all other branches on the main trunk (1) below the first layer of flat and inclined main branches (2) are cut off, and all other branches on the main trunk (1) between the first layer of flat and inclined main branches (2) and the second layer of flat and inclined main branches (3) are cut off;
selectively trimming all branches on the first layer of flat inclined main branches (2) and the second layer of flat inclined main branches (3), and cutting off disordered branches to control the number of fruiting mother branches (4) on the whole trees to be 30-50, control the whole tree number of annual bearing branches (5) generated on the fruiting mother branches (4) to be 100-180, and control the whole tree number of two-year bearing branches (6) generated on the fruiting mother branches (4) to be 5-15;
during pruning, the diameters of the fruiting mother branches (4) at positions 2cm away from the roots of the branches are controlled to be more than 4mm, and the diameters of the two-year fruiting branches (6) at positions 2cm away from the roots of the branches are controlled to be more than 2 mm;
the included angle between the adjacent flat and inclined main branches on the first layer of flat and inclined main branches (2) is not less than 60 degrees, and the included angle between the adjacent flat and inclined main branches on the second layer of flat and inclined main branches (3) is not less than 60 degrees;
the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch (2) to the ground is 60-90 cm, the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch (3) to the ground is 110-150 cm, and the interlayer distance between the first layer of flat and inclined main branch (2) and the second layer of flat and inclined main branch (3) is 40-60 cm;
the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch (2) to the main trunk (1) is 40-60cm, and the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch (3) to the main trunk (1) is 20-40 cm;
the length of the fruiting mother branch (4) is controlled to be 10-20 cm, and the length of the two-year-old fruiting branch (6) is also controlled to be 10-20 cm;
the method is used for pruning Ningxia wolfberry trees with the age of more than 4 years in the 3 month growth period and the 7 month defoliation period each year.
2. The medlar tree pruning method according to claim 1, wherein after all other branches on the main trunk (1) between the first layer of flat and oblique main branches (2) and the second layer of flat and oblique main branches (3) are pruned, the method further comprises the following steps:
shearing the string and tillering, cleaning the branch under the crown, and shearing the stem, trunk, bore and crown of the plant.
3. The pruning method for the lycium barbarum tree according to claim 1, wherein the pruning of the disordered branches specifically comprises:
pruning diseases, insects, residual branches and weak branches with the diameter within 2mm on bearing branch groups, and pruning old bearing branches at the lower layer of the crown for more than 3 years and old and short bearing branches in the chamber for more than 3 years.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein a healing agent is applied when the cut is adjacent to a knot or exceeds 5 mm.
5. The pruning method for the lycium barbarum tree according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pruning method is applied to the lycium barbarum tree with the age of more than 4 years, and specifically comprises the following steps:
pruning the height of a main trunk (1) above the ground of the Chinese wolfberry tree to be 120 cm;
sequentially selecting a first layer of flat and oblique main branches (2) and a second layer of flat and oblique main branches (3) from bottom to top along the main trunk (1) of the Chinese wolfberry tree, wherein the interlayer distance between the first layer of flat and oblique main branches (2) and the second layer of flat and oblique main branches (3) is 50cm, four flat and oblique main branches are reserved on the first layer of flat and oblique main branches (2), four flat and oblique main branches are also reserved on the second layer of flat and oblique main branches (3), the included angle between adjacent flat and oblique main branches on the first layer of flat and oblique main branches (2) is not less than 60 degrees, and the included angle between adjacent flat and oblique main branches on the second layer of flat and oblique main branches (3) is not less than 60 degrees;
the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch (2) to the main trunk (1) is 50cm, the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch (3) to the main trunk (1) is 30cm, the distance from the head of the first layer of flat and inclined main branch (2) to the ground is 70cm, and the distance from the head of the second layer of flat and inclined main branch (3) to the ground is 120 cm;
all other branches on the main trunk (1) below the first layer of flat and inclined main branches (2) are cut off, all other branches on the main trunk (1) between the first layer of flat and inclined main branches (2) and the second layer of flat and inclined main branches (3) are cut off, the bunch and the tillering are cut off, the branches below the crown are removed completely, and useless overgrown branches of roots, trunks and bores of plants and crowns are cut off;
selectively pruning all branches on the first layer of flat oblique main branches (2) and the second layer of flat oblique main branches (3), pruning crown diseases, insects, residual branches and weak branches with diameters within 2mm on bearing branch groups, pruning old bearing branches with diameters above 3 years on the lower layer of a crown and old and short bearing branches with diameters above 3 years in a chamber, controlling the number of bearing mother branches (4) on the whole tree to be 40, controlling the whole tree number of annual bearing branches (5) sent from the bearing mother branches (4) to be 140, controlling the lengths of the bearing mother branches (4) to be 15cm, controlling the whole tree number of two-year bearing branches (6) generated from the bearing mother branches (4) to be 10, and controlling the lengths of the two-year bearing branches (6) to be 15 cm;
during pruning, the diameter of the fruiting mother branch (4) which is 2cm away from the root of the branch is controlled to be more than 4mm, and the diameter of the two-year fruiting branch (6) which is 2cm away from the root of the branch is controlled to be more than 2 mm;
when the cut is adjacent to the knot or the cut is more than 5mm, a fruit healing agent needs to be applied.
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