CN112154849B - Rapid shaping early fruit high yield cultivation method for pears - Google Patents
Rapid shaping early fruit high yield cultivation method for pears Download PDFInfo
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- CN112154849B CN112154849B CN202011209395.8A CN202011209395A CN112154849B CN 112154849 B CN112154849 B CN 112154849B CN 202011209395 A CN202011209395 A CN 202011209395A CN 112154849 B CN112154849 B CN 112154849B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a rapid shaping early fruit high yield cultivation method for pears, which comprises the following steps: 1) planting and building a garden for big seedlings in autumn; cutting the trunk after field planting; 2) in spring of the 1 st year, trunk is not cut short, branches below 60cm above the ground are erased, and the trunk in the center is girdled for 2-4 cutters according to the growth situation of the upper part of the tree; 3) performing girdling branch promotion at a position 8-12cm above the central trunk branch lacking position, so that 1 lateral branch is uniformly distributed in each direction at a distance of 8-12 cm; 4) adopting bamboo toothpicks to open the extracted annual branches at an angle of 70-80 degrees; supporting the central stem advantage; 5) in the 2 nd year of field planting, carrying out branch drawing on long branches with the length of more than 80cm, and ensuring that the opening angle is about 70-80 degrees; 6) and (3) in the 3 rd year of field planting, forming the tree body, entering a fruiting and high-yield period, and reasonably controlling the growth vigor of the tree body by pressing the fruit and matching with girdling. The invention adopts the idea of shaping first and then fruiting, the seedlings grow in 2 years, the field planting is built, the seedlings bloom and bear fruits in the 2 nd year of field planting, the yield is high in the 3 rd year, and the obvious effect of high yield and income increase of early fruits is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a rapid shaping early fruit high-yield cultivation method for pears.
Background
The common language of five years including peach, apricot, pear reflects the difference of the time needed by different fruit trees from planting to fruiting. On one hand, the method is related to the growth habit of fruit trees, and on the other hand, the method is closely related to cultivation management technology. The pruning mode is that the short cutting stems after field planting have important influence on the fruit cycle, the traditional pruning mode has late fruit bearing and slow effect taking, and pear seedlings bloom and bear fruit 4-5 years after field planting. The high yield of early fruits greatly affects the planting management enthusiasm of fruit growers, and the fruit growers can not worry about updating tree species and varieties only when the fruits are high in early yield, so that the method is favorable for quick popularization and application of new varieties; the fruit grower can abandon the fruit trees to increase the input cost and strengthen the management, thereby promoting the continuous high yield and stable yield of the fruit trees. Therefore, the early fruit yielding technology is always the focus of attention and research of fruit tree experts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rapid shaping early fruit high yield cultivation method for pears, which adopts the idea of shaping first and then fruiting, fruit pressing, field planting and garden building of seedlings in 2 years, flowering and fruiting in 2 years and high yield in 3 years, and realizes the remarkable effect of high yield and income increase of early fruits.
The rapid shaping early fruit high yield cultivation method for pears provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) planting and building a garden for big seedlings in autumn (11 months); cutting into 1.6-1.8 m;
2) in the spring of the 1 st year, the trunk is not cut short, branches below 60cm above the ground are erased, and the central trunk is subjected to ring cutting (namely, barks are cut) for 2-4 knives according to the growth condition of the upper part of the tree;
3) performing girdling branch promotion at a position 8-12cm above the central trunk branch lacking position, so that 1 lateral branch is uniformly distributed in each direction at a distance of 8-12 cm;
4) adopting bamboo toothpicks to open the extracted annual branches at an angle of 70-80 degrees; by a) and/or b) supporting the central stem advantage;
a) if the growth trend of the lateral branches is too vigorous, cutting a circle on the bottoms of the lateral branches to weaken the growth trend;
b) if the top branches are more and grow vigorously, girdling is carried out on the upper part of the central trunk, and the top advantages are weakened;
5) in the 2 nd year of field planting, carrying out branch drawing on long branches with the length of more than 80cm, and ensuring that the opening angle is about 70-80 degrees; if the top branch is vigorous, girdling the base part of the vigorous branch once, and girdling the upper part of the central trunk once;
6) and (3) in the 3 rd year of field planting, forming the tree body, entering a fruiting and high-yield period, and reasonably controlling the growth vigor of the tree body by pressing the fruit and matching with girdling.
In step 1) of the method, the requirements for field planting are as follows: the plant spacing is 2m, and the row spacing is 4 m;
in the step 2), proper multi-ring cutting can be carried out to weaken the top advantage when the growth vigor is stronger;
in the step 4), the annual branches are not lignified when being opened and have the length of about 20 cm.
The application of the rapid shaping early-fruiting high-yield cultivation method for pears in pear tree cultivation also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.
The pear tree can be Shandong crisp pear.
The traditional planting is mainly spring planting, the seedling recovery is slow, the growth vigor is weak, the pruning is mainly short cut stem cutting and reshaping after the planting, the time of one year is wasted, the tree vigor is controlled by girdling after the planting in the 1 st spring, the nutrition is reasonably distributed, the photosynthetic products are not wasted, and the flower buds formed by 2-year-old branches are guaranteed, so that the effects of 2-year-old seedling planting, second-year fruiting and third-year high yield (3000 jin per mu) are realized, and the effect is 2 years earlier than that of the traditional method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the tree growth control by the central trunk girdling.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the 2 nd year of permanent planting.
FIG. 3 shows the growth of the tree in the 3 rd year of permanent planting.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The pear varieties used in the following examples and controls are Shannon crisp pears
Examples
1. In autumn (11 months), big seedlings are planted (the plant row spacing is 2m multiplied by 4m) to build a garden, and the roots can grow at the ground temperature of more than 5 degrees, so that the autumn planting is important for three years high yield; after field planting, the trunk is high and the length is short (1.6-1.8 m), so that the growth of branches is promoted;
2. in spring of the first year of field planting, trunk is not cut short, branches below 60cm above the ground are erased, other branches are not trimmed as much as possible, and the trunk is subjected to ring cutting (namely, barks are cut off, see figure 1) for two times to divide the trunk into an upper part, a middle part and a lower part, so that the problem that the upper part of a pear tree is too strong in growth is avoided, the control of the upper strength of the pear tree is an important index of premature high yield, and no useful branch is formed only when the upper part is not strong;
3. performing girdling branch promotion at a position about 8-12cm above a central trunk branch lacking position according to the distribution condition of branches of the tree body, so that 1 lateral branch is uniformly distributed in each direction at a distance of 8-12cm, and the lateral branches are uniformly distributed in each direction without mutual interference;
4. before the extracted annual branches are not lignified (the length is about 20cm), opening the branches by using bamboo toothpicks for about 80 degrees; the advantages of the central trunk are supported, and if the growth trend of the side branches is too vigorous, the bottom of the side branches is cut circularly once to weaken the growth vigor; if the top branches are more and grow vigorously, girdling is carried out on the upper part of the central trunk, and the top advantages are weakened;
5. at year 2 of planting, most trees enter the flowering and fruiting period (as shown in fig. 2); drawing branches of long branches with the length of more than 80cm, ensuring that the opening angle is 80 degrees, if the branches at the top are vigorous, cutting a circle at the base of the vigorous branches once, and cutting a circle at the upper part of the central trunk once;
6. in the 3 rd year of field planting, the tree body is shaped (as shown in figure 3), and the fruiting period is entered, the growth vigor of the tree body is reasonably controlled by using fruit pressure and cooperating with girdling
The pear trees shaped by the method are planted for bearing fruits in the second year, and the yield in the third year (3000 jin per mu) is 2 years earlier than that of the pear trees shaped by the traditional method.
Control
1. Planting in spring (plant row spacing is 3m multiplied by 4m), cutting the trunk from a position 50-60cm away from the ground, and enabling 2-4 plump buds to be arranged below the cut so as to germinate and strengthen new shoots; pruning in winter, selecting upright and strong branches as central trunk, cutting by about 80cm,
2. in the second year, 3 well-oriented main branches are selected and reserved as the first layer of main branches, and the other extension branches are reserved with about 40cm short sections; trimming in winter to leave about 50cm short sections for the central trunk extension branches, and selecting and reserving 2 branches as second-layer main branches; the first layer of main branches are cut about 40cm, the second or third lateral buds below the cut are left in the same direction, so that the first lateral branches are selected and left, and other branches are sparse and dense; drawing the main branches to make the opening angle about 70-80 degrees;
3. pruning in winter in the third year, reserving about 40cm short sections for the extended branches of the central trunk, selecting and reserving a second layer of main branches if a second layer of main branches is not selected in the second year, appropriately short-cutting, reserving about 40cm short sections for the first layer of main branches, reserving about 30cm short sections for the lateral branches, selecting and reserving a second lateral branch, thinning out the upper back branches and the dense branches, and slowly releasing other branches; drawing the main branches to make the opening angle about 70-80 degrees;
4. and fourthly, pruning in five years in winter, wherein pruning of the central trunk extension branch and the main lateral branches is basically the same as that in the previous year, selecting and culturing 1-2 main branches on the third layer, finishing the shaping culture of saplings in 4-5 years generally, and entering a fruiting and high-yield period in 5-6 years. About 4000 jin of yield per mu in the fifth year.
Claims (3)
1. A rapid shaping early fruit high yield cultivation method for pears comprises the following steps:
1) planting and building a garden for big seedlings in autumn; cutting the trunk to a short length after planting to promote the growth of branches;
2) in spring of the 1 st year, trunk is not cut short, branches below 60cm above the ground are erased, and the trunk in the center is girdled for 2-4 cutters according to the growth situation of the upper part of the tree;
3) performing girdling branch promotion at the position 8-12cm above the central trunk branch lacking position, so that 1 lateral branch is uniformly distributed in each direction at a distance of 8-12 cm;
4) adopting bamboo toothpicks to open the extracted annual branches at an angle of 70-80 degrees; by a) and/or b) supporting the central stem advantage;
a) if the growth trend of the lateral branches is too vigorous, cutting a circle on the bottoms of the lateral branches to weaken the growth trend;
b) if the top branches are more and grow vigorously, girdling is carried out on the upper part of the central trunk, and the top advantages are weakened;
5) in the 2 nd year of field planting, carrying out branch drawing on long branches with the length of more than 80cm, and ensuring that the opening angle is 70-80 degrees; if the top branch is vigorous, girdling the base part of the vigorous branch once, and girdling the upper part of the central trunk once;
6) in the 3 rd year of field planting, the tree body is shaped, the fruiting and high yield period is started, and the growth vigor of the tree body is reasonably controlled by pressing the fruits and matching with girdling;
the pear is Shannon crisp pear.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4), the annual branches are not lignified when being opened and have the length of about 20 cm.
3. The use of the rapid shaping early fruiting high yield cultivation method for pear as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in cultivation of pear tree, said pear tree is shannong crisp pear.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103004416A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | European pear tree labor-saving early-fruiting pruning method |
| WO2015194355A1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-12-23 | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | Flowering control method and device for imparting electrical stimulus |
| CN105340671A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-02-24 | 山东农业大学 | Rapid shaping high-yield cultivation method in early stage for fruit trees by adopting technology of three buds, two degrees and one signal axis |
| CN106171370A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 张明 | A kind of method shortening the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield |
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- 2020-11-03 CN CN202011209395.8A patent/CN112154849B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103004416A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2013-04-03 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | European pear tree labor-saving early-fruiting pruning method |
| WO2015194355A1 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2015-12-23 | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | Flowering control method and device for imparting electrical stimulus |
| CN105340671A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-02-24 | 山东农业大学 | Rapid shaping high-yield cultivation method in early stage for fruit trees by adopting technology of three buds, two degrees and one signal axis |
| CN106171370A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 张明 | A kind of method shortening the tree-like incubation time of Young pear trees, ahead of time result high yield |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| "山农酥"梨:好成果要让农民早受益;郭翠华等;《农药市场信息》;20181231(第16期);第26-27页 * |
| 促进梨幼树形成花芽的措施;何子顺等;《中国南方果树》;20181231;第47卷;第86-87页 * |
| 早酥梨早果修剪技术;李德勇等;《河北农业科技》;20021231(第01期);第34页 * |
| 梨树早果丰产技术;张兴旺;《农村实用技术》;20021231(第09期);第18-20页 * |
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