CN112125840B - 基于co2参与的c-f键活化制备二芳基醚类化合物的方法 - Google Patents

基于co2参与的c-f键活化制备二芳基醚类化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN112125840B
CN112125840B CN202010798312.7A CN202010798312A CN112125840B CN 112125840 B CN112125840 B CN 112125840B CN 202010798312 A CN202010798312 A CN 202010798312A CN 112125840 B CN112125840 B CN 112125840B
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仇记宽
徐畅
赵玉灵
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Henan Normal University
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    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D213/6432-Phenoxypyridines; Derivatives thereof

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于CO2参与的C‑F键活化制备二芳基醚类化合物的方法,具体步骤为:向反应容器中加入2‑氟吡啶类化合物的乙腈溶液,再依次加入催化剂醋酸钯Pd(OAc)2、碱碳酸铯和苯硅烷PhSiH3,然后用CO2气体置换三次,在CO2压力为1atm、温度为25℃的条件下反应24小时,反应完毕后加入冰水混合物淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取,有机相合并干燥,减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析得到目标产物白色固体二芳基醚类化合物。与现有技术相比具有反应温度温和、选择性好、收率高且易于工业化等优点。

Description

基于CO2参与的C-F键活化制备二芳基醚类化合物的方法
技术领域
本发明属于二芳基醚类化合物的合成新工艺技术领域,具体涉及一种基于CO2参与的 C-F键活化制备二芳基醚类化合物的方法。
背景技术
二芳基醚是一类非常重要的有机化工中间体,在高分子聚合物、生命医药、农药、卫生等领域具有重要的应用,因此进一步拓展此类化合物的新合成方法以及新结构类型化合物的合成研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。以钯催化剂通过C-O键偶联合成二芳基醚的反应是常用的方法之一。该过程是以芳基溴或芳基氯的活化与芳基酚钠化合物进行偶联,得到较高产率的二芳基醚化合物。但是,由于C-F键是一种热力学非常稳定的化合物,该方法不适合于氟代的芳基化合物,进而限制了其进一步应用。因此,考虑到氟代化合物在天然产物中的广泛性,开发基于C-F键活化的策略合成新型二芳基醚是非常必要的。
二氧化碳是温室气体的主要组成部分,给社会环境带来了严重的危害,但同时它又是一种宝贵的碳和氧资源,在工业、农业、食品、医药、石油开采、消防等领域均有着极其广泛的应用,因此,对二氧化碳回收和利用将具有很大的经济效益和社会效益,也有利于碳减排目标的实现。目前,二氧化碳已经成功应用在C-C、C-N、C-O键的构筑,并取得了重要的进展。但是,基于二氧化碳活化C-F键,并且以CO2为氧源合成二芳基醚方法还没有报道。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供了一种反应温度温和、选择性好、收率高且易于工业化的基于CO2参与的C-F键活化制备二芳基醚类化合物的方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用如下技术方案,基于CO2参与的C-F键活化制备二芳基醚类化合物的方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:向反应容器中加入2-氟吡啶类化合物的乙腈溶液,再依次加入催化剂醋酸钯Pd(OAc)2、碱碳酸铯和苯硅烷PhSiH3,然后用CO2气体置换三次,在CO2压力为1atm、温度为25℃的条件下反应24小时,反应完毕后加入冰水混合物淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取,有机相合并干燥,减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析得到目标产物白色固体二芳基醚类化合物,制备过程中的反应方程式为:
Figure GDA0003244613670000011
其中R为CN或NO2
进一步优选,所述2-氟吡啶类化合物、催化剂醋酸钯、碱碳酸铯与苯硅烷的投料摩尔比为1:0.1:0.1:1.1。
本发明采用无毒的CO2为氧源并成功参与了C-F键的活化反应,最终高产率制备了目标产物二芳基醚类化合物,与现有技术相比具有反应温度温和、选择性好、收率高且易于工业化等优点。
附图说明
图1和图2是实施例1制得的3-氰基吡啶-2-苯基醚的高分辨质谱图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明,但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
3-氰基吡啶-2-苯基醚的合成
Figure GDA0003244613670000021
在25mL的三口瓶中,加入2-氟-3-氰基吡啶(1mmol)的乙腈(5mL)溶液,然后依次加入醋酸钯(10%mol)、碳酸铯(10%mol)和PhSiH3(1.1mmol),采用CO2置换反应体系三次,在CO2压力为1atm、温度为25℃的条件下搅拌反应24小时,反应完毕后加入 10mL冰水混合物淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取,有机相合并干燥,减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析得到无色油状物3-氰基吡啶-2-苯基醚,收率83%。MS(m/z):197.0709(M+H+)。高分辨质谱图如图1-2所示。
实施例2
3-硝基吡啶-2-苯基醚的合成
Figure GDA0003244613670000022
在25mL的三口瓶中,加入2-氟-3-氰基吡啶(1mmol)的乙腈(5mL)溶液,然后依次加入醋酸钯(10%mol)、碳酸铯(10%mol)和PhSiH3(1.1mmol),采用CO2置换反应体系三次,在CO2压力为1atm、温度为25℃的条件下搅拌反应24小时,反应完毕后加入 10mL冰水混合物淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取,有机相合并干燥,减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析得到无色油状物3-硝基吡啶-2-苯基醚,收率75%。MS(m/z):216.0535(M+H+)。
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。

Claims (2)

1.基于CO2参与的C-F键活化制备二芳基醚类化合物的方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:向反应容器中加入2-氟吡啶类化合物的乙腈溶液,再依次加入催化剂醋酸钯Pd(OAc)2、碱碳酸铯和苯硅烷PhSiH3,然后用CO2气体置换三次,在CO2压力为1atm、温度为25℃的条件下反应24小时,反应完毕后加入冰水混合物淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取,有机相合并干燥,减压蒸馏,硅胶柱层析得到目标产物白色固体二芳基醚类化合物,制备过程中的反应方程式为:
Figure FDA0003244613660000011
其中R为CN或NO2
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于CO2参与的C-F键活化制备二芳基醚类化合物的方法,其特征在于:所述2-氟吡啶类化合物、催化剂醋酸钯、碱碳酸铯与苯硅烷的投料摩尔比为1:0.1:0.1:1.1。
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