CN112121146A - 一种用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112121146A CN112121146A CN201910553062.8A CN201910553062A CN112121146A CN 112121146 A CN112121146 A CN 112121146A CN 201910553062 A CN201910553062 A CN 201910553062A CN 112121146 A CN112121146 A CN 112121146A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:活性组分A 1‑3份、活性组分B 4‑6份、金盏草提取物10‑14份、积雪草提取物16‑20份、辅料60‑80份;所述活性组分A为硫酸多粘菌素B、硫酸新霉素和杆菌肽中的至少两种;所述活性组分B为盐酸利多卡因、盐酸普莫卡因、盐酸普鲁卡因和薄荷脑中的至少一种;所述辅料中以重量份计包括以下原料:卡波姆0.5‑3份、有机溶剂40‑75份、纯化水20‑50份。本发明的外用凝胶剂对皮肤创伤部位细菌感染具有防治作用,对皮肤创伤有止痛、止血作用;而且能促进创面毛细血管和胶原纤维的形成,减少创面愈合天数,可用于烧伤、割伤、烫伤等皮肤创伤的愈合,愈合皮肤光滑,无瘢痕,愈合效果好。
Description
1、技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂及其制备方法。
2、背景技术
皮肤是人体的重要器官,由表皮和真皮两部分组成,具有重要的物理、化学及生物屏障功能。烧伤、割伤、烫伤是平时和战时较普遍的皮肤创伤;皮肤创伤后引起的各种损害如:新陈代谢加剧、体温下降、水分和蛋白质的过度散失及内分泌和免疫系统的失调均与皮肤屏障作用的丧失有关。
创伤愈合是一个复杂的生物学过程,包括细胞的增殖、分化、上皮化、迁移及基质的合成与沉积。临床中常通过加快创面愈合速度,预防细菌感染,减轻出血、炎症反应、伤口感染及溃疡等带给患者的痛苦,防止创伤对生理机能的负面影响,以及保证愈后伤口美观等方法治疗皮肤创伤。但由于皮肤的修复能力有限,大面积皮肤缺损往往愈合时间较长、愈后皮肤易留瘢痕;同时,一些基础疾病可能会干扰创伤愈合过程,使伤口迁延不愈,这些问题目前在临床上仍缺乏良好的对策。
目前治疗皮肤创伤的药物制剂多为软膏剂,其辅料成分主要为凡士林和液体石蜡,制备工艺需要50-80℃的高温,活性成分在该温度下稳定性较差;而且在运输和贮存的过程中,在温度较高(﹥38℃)的情况下,凡士林会逐渐溶解,颗粒状分散的固体会出现沉降现象,影响软膏剂的均一性和使用效果。
3、发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明的目的是提供一种用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂及其制备方法。本发明的外用凝胶剂对皮肤创伤部位细菌感染具有防治作用,对皮肤创伤有止痛、止血作用;而且能促进创面毛细血管和胶原纤维的形成,减少创面愈合天数,可用于烧伤、割伤、烫伤等皮肤创伤的愈合,愈合皮肤光滑,无瘢痕,愈合效果好。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:
活性组分A 1-3份、活性组分B 4-6份、金盏草提取物10-14份、积雪草提取物16-20份、辅料60-80份;
所述活性组分A为硫酸多粘菌素B、硫酸新霉素和杆菌肽中的至少两种;
所述活性组分B为盐酸利多卡因、盐酸普莫卡因、盐酸普鲁卡因和薄荷脑中的至少一种;
所述辅料中以重量份计包括以下原料:
卡波姆0.5-3份、有机溶剂40-75份、纯化水20-50份。
优选的,所述用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:
活性组分A 2份、活性组分B 5份、金盏草提取物12份、积雪草提取物18份、辅料63份。
作为优选,所述活性组分A由硫酸多粘菌素B、硫酸新霉素和杆菌肽按质量比为(0.6-0.7):(5-5.5):(7-8)混合而成;
更优选的,所述硫酸多粘菌素B为50000单位/支,所述硫酸新霉素为35000单位/支,所述杆菌肽为5000单位/支。
作为优选,所述卡波姆为卡波姆934、卡波姆940、卡波姆941和卡波姆974中的任一种。
作为优选,所述有机溶剂为乙醇、丙二醇和聚乙二醇中的至少一种。
作为优选,所述金盏草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将金盏草干燥、粉碎,用8-10重量倍的体积浓度为95%的乙醇提取2-4次,提取温度为70-80℃,每次提取时间为1h,合并提取液,将提取液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到醇浸膏;
向金盏草醇提取后的药渣中加8-10重量倍的水,煎煮2-3h,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到水浸膏;
将醇浸膏和水浸膏混合均匀,干燥、粉碎,即得金盏草提取物。
作为优选,所述积雪草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将积雪草干燥、粉碎,过40-60目筛,然后采用超临界CO2萃取工艺进行提取,萃取压力30-35MPa,萃取温度35-40℃,夹带剂为体积浓度为95%的乙醇,夹带剂的用量为原料重量的5-10%,萃取时间为1-2h,即得积雪草提取物。
本发明的第二方面,提供上述用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将卡波姆与纯化水在室温下搅拌均匀,调节pH至7.0,然后加入有机溶剂,室温下搅拌均匀,得到凝胶基质;
(2)向凝胶基质中加入金盏草提取物和积雪草提取物,在室温下搅拌均匀;然后在氮气保护的条件下加入活性组分A和活性组分B,室温下搅拌均匀,即得。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明的外用凝胶剂对皮肤创伤部位细菌感染具有防治作用,对皮肤创伤有止痛、止血作用;而且能促进创面毛细血管和胶原纤维的形成,减少创面愈合天数,可用于烧伤、割伤、烫伤等皮肤创伤的愈合,愈合皮肤光滑,无瘢痕,愈合效果好。
(2)本发明的外用凝胶剂的制备方法简单,在室温条件下即可完成,各组分均匀的溶解在凝胶剂中,其稳定性和均一性好。
(3)本发明的外用凝胶剂的疗效确切,使用安全,对皮肤无毒性、无刺激作用,无过敏现象。
4、具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
本发明中所述的“室温”,是指温度为20-25℃。
正如背景技术部分所介绍的,创伤愈合是一个复杂的生物学过程,目前缺乏有效的创伤愈后药物;其中,西药治疗皮肤创伤是以抗生素为主要成分,虽在治疗前期具有较好的抑菌效果,但愈后容易出现炎症反应,愈后皮肤修复效果不佳。中药治疗皮肤创伤虽然皮肤愈后效果较好,但起效较慢,前期抑菌效果和止痛效果不佳,容易出现前期感染。
基于此,本发明的目的是提供一种用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:
活性组分A 1-3份、活性组分B 4-6份、金盏草提取物10-14份、积雪草提取物16-20份、辅料60-80份。
本发明的外用凝胶剂将抑菌、止痛和天然植物提取物活性成分有机的结合,活性成分间具有显著的协同和促进效应,其中:活性组分A包含多种抗生素,抗生素之间不仅提供互补的抗菌谱,使抗菌范围扩大,覆盖了绝大部分的皮肤细菌感染病原菌,增强了抗菌作用,而且不易产生耐药性;活性组分B对皮肤局部创伤具有止痛作用,能够减轻患者的疼痛,增加患者用药的依从性和舒适感;天然植物提取物(金盏草提取物和积雪草提取物)能够增加创面毛细血管和胶原纤维的形成,缩短皮肤创面愈合时间,并具有减少炎症反应及增加皮肤复原度的作用,使愈后皮肤光滑、无瘢痕、愈合效果好;而且,天然植物提取物本身也具有抑菌活性,与活性组分A之间具有协同促进作用,能够提高凝胶剂的抑菌作用。
本发明的凝胶剂有效解决了西药治疗皮肤创伤所存在的愈后容易出现炎症反应,愈后皮肤修复效果不佳的问题,以及中药治疗皮肤创伤所存在的起效慢、前期抑菌效果和止痛效果不佳的问题,通过活性组分间的协同作用,起到了1+1>2的作用效果。
此外,为解决目前市售的治疗皮肤创伤的软膏剂所存在的活性成分稳定性差、对活性成分粒度要求高、在运输和贮存过程中容易出现沉降的问题,本发明对药物的剂型进行优化,选择凝胶剂作为本发明治疗皮肤创伤的药物剂型,并对制备凝胶剂的辅料及制备工艺进行了优化,本发明的凝胶剂可以在室温条件下制备得到,各组分均匀的溶解于凝胶剂中,制剂的稳定性及均一性好;而且凝胶剂中加入了乙醇用于消毒,丙二醇及聚乙二醇用于保湿,对伤口愈合效果好。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本申请的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本申请的技术方案。
本发明实施例和对比例中所用的未进行具体说明试验材料均为本领域常规的试验材料,均可通过商业渠道购买得到。
实施例1:用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂的制备
1.原料组成(以重量份计):
活性组分A 2份、活性组分B 5份、金盏草提取物12份、积雪草提取物18份、辅料63份;其中:
所述活性组分A由硫酸多粘菌素B、硫酸新霉素和杆菌肽按质量比为0.65:5.36:7.7混合而成;所述硫酸多粘菌素B为50000单位/支,所述硫酸新霉素为35000单位/支,所述杆菌肽为5000单位/支。
所述活性组分B为盐酸利多卡因和薄荷脑按质量比1:1混合而成。
所述金盏草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将金盏草干燥、粉碎,用10重量倍的体积浓度为95%的乙醇提取3次,提取温度为80℃,每次提取时间为1h,合并提取液,将提取液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到醇浸膏;
向金盏草醇提取后的药渣中加8重量倍的水,煎煮3h,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到水浸膏;
将醇浸膏和水浸膏混合均匀,干燥、粉碎(过100目筛),即得金盏草提取物。
所述积雪草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将积雪草干燥、粉碎,过40-60目筛,然后采用超临界CO2萃取工艺进行提取,萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度35℃,夹带剂为体积浓度为95%的乙醇,夹带剂的用量为原料重量的8%,萃取时间为2h,即得积雪草提取物。
所述辅料中以重量份计包括以下原料:
卡波姆2份、有机溶剂50份、纯化水48份;其中,卡波姆为卡波姆940,有机溶剂为乙醇、丙二醇和聚乙二醇按质量比为2:1:0.5混合而成。
2.制备方法:
(1)将卡波姆与纯化水在室温下搅拌均匀,调节pH至7.0,然后加入有机溶剂,室温下搅拌均匀,得到凝胶基质;
(2)向凝胶基质中加入金盏草提取物和积雪草提取物,在室温下搅拌均匀;然后在氮气保护的条件下加入活性组分A和活性组分B,室温下搅拌均匀,即得。
实施例2:用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂的制备
1.原料组成(以重量份计):
活性组分A 1份、活性组分B 6份、金盏草提取物10份、积雪草提取物20份、辅料60份;其中:
所述活性组分A由硫酸多粘菌素B、硫酸新霉素按质量比为0.65:5.36混合而成;所述硫酸多粘菌素B为50000单位/支,所述硫酸新霉素为35000单位/支。
所述活性组分B为盐酸普莫卡因。
所述金盏草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将金盏草干燥、粉碎,用8重量倍的体积浓度为95%的乙醇提取4次,提取温度为70℃,每次提取时间为1h,合并提取液,将提取液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到醇浸膏;
向金盏草醇提取后的药渣中加10重量倍的水,煎煮3h,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到水浸膏;
将醇浸膏和水浸膏混合均匀,干燥、粉碎(过100目筛),即得金盏草提取物。
所述积雪草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将积雪草干燥、粉碎,过40-60目筛,然后采用超临界CO2萃取工艺进行提取,萃取压力35MPa,萃取温度40℃,夹带剂为体积浓度为95%的乙醇,夹带剂的用量为原料重量的5%,萃取时间为2h,即得积雪草提取物。
所述辅料中以重量份计包括以下原料:
卡波姆0.5份、有机溶剂75份、纯化水20份;其中,卡波姆为卡波姆934,有机溶剂为乙醇、丙二醇按质量比为2:1混合而成。
2.制备方法:同实施例1。
实施例3:用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂的制备
1.原料组成(以重量份计):
活性组分A 3份、活性组分B 4份、金盏草提取物14份、积雪草提取物16份、辅料60份;其中:
所述活性组分A由硫酸新霉素和杆菌肽按质量比为5.36:7.7混合而成;所述硫酸新霉素为35000单位/支,所述杆菌肽为5000单位/支。
所述活性组分B为盐酸普鲁卡因和薄荷脑按质量比1:1混合而成。
所述金盏草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将金盏草干燥、粉碎,用9重量倍的体积浓度为95%的乙醇提取2次,提取温度为80℃,每次提取时间为1h,合并提取液,将提取液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到醇浸膏;
向金盏草醇提取后的药渣中加9重量倍的水,煎煮3h,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到水浸膏;
将醇浸膏和水浸膏混合均匀,干燥、粉碎(过100目筛),即得金盏草提取物。
所述积雪草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将积雪草干燥、粉碎,过40-60目筛,然后采用超临界CO2萃取工艺进行提取,萃取压力35MPa,萃取温度30℃,夹带剂为体积浓度为95%的乙醇,夹带剂的用量为原料重量的10%,萃取时间为2h,即得积雪草提取物。
所述辅料中以重量份计包括以下原料:
卡波姆3份、有机溶剂40份、纯化水50份;其中,卡波姆为卡波姆974,有机溶剂为乙醇。
2.制备方法:同实施例1。
对比例1:
1.原料组成(以重量份计):
活性组分A 2份、活性组分B 5份、辅料63份;其中:
所述活性组分A由硫酸多粘菌素B、硫酸新霉素和杆菌肽按质量比为0.65:5.36:7.7混合而成;所述硫酸多粘菌素B为50000单位/支,所述硫酸新霉素为35000单位/支,所述杆菌肽为5000单位/支。
所述活性组分B为盐酸利多卡因和薄荷脑按质量比1:1混合而成。
所述辅料中以重量份计包括以下原料:
卡波姆2份、有机溶剂50份、纯化水48份;其中,卡波姆为卡波姆940,有机溶剂为乙醇、丙二醇和聚乙二醇按质量比为2:1:0.5混合而成。
2.制备方法:
(1)将卡波姆与纯化水在室温下搅拌均匀,调节pH至7.0,然后加入有机溶剂,室温下搅拌均匀,得到凝胶基质;
(2)向凝胶基质中在氮气保护的条件下加入活性组分A和活性组分B,室温下搅拌均匀,制备得到凝胶剂A。
对比例2:
1.原料组成(以重量份计):
金盏草提取物12份、积雪草提取物18份、辅料63份;其中:
所述金盏草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将金盏草干燥、粉碎,用10重量倍的体积浓度为95%的乙醇提取3次,提取温度为80℃,每次提取时间为1h,合并提取液,将提取液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到醇浸膏;
向金盏草醇提取后的药渣中加8重量倍的水,煎煮3h,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到水浸膏;
将醇浸膏和水浸膏混合均匀,干燥、粉碎(过100目筛),即得金盏草提取物。
所述积雪草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将积雪草干燥、粉碎,过40-60目筛,然后采用超临界CO2萃取工艺进行提取,萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度35℃,夹带剂为体积浓度为95%的乙醇,夹带剂的用量为原料重量的8%,萃取时间为2h,即得积雪草提取物。
所述辅料中以重量份计包括以下原料:
卡波姆2份、有机溶剂50份、纯化水48份;其中,卡波姆为卡波姆940,有机溶剂为乙醇、丙二醇和聚乙二醇按质量比为2:1:0.5混合而成。
2.制备方法:
(1)将卡波姆与纯化水在室温下搅拌均匀,调节pH至7.0,然后加入有机溶剂,室温下搅拌均匀,得到凝胶基质;
(2)向凝胶基质中加入金盏草提取物和积雪草提取物,在室温下搅拌均匀,制备得到凝胶剂B。
对比例3:
1.原料组成(以重量份计):
活性组分A2份、活性组分B 5份、金盏草提取物12份、辅料63份;其中:
所述活性组分A为硫酸多粘菌素B,硫酸多粘菌素B为50000单位/支。
所述活性组分B为盐酸利多卡因。
所述金盏草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将金盏草干燥、粉碎,用10重量倍的体积浓度为95%的乙醇提取3次,提取温度为80℃,每次提取时间为1h,合并提取液,将提取液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到醇浸膏;
向金盏草醇提取后的药渣中加8重量倍的水,煎煮3h,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到水浸膏;
将醇浸膏和水浸膏混合均匀,干燥、粉碎(过100目筛),即得金盏草提取物。
所述辅料中以重量份计包括以下原料:
卡波姆2份、有机溶剂50份、纯化水48份;其中,卡波姆为卡波姆940,有机溶剂为乙醇。
2.制备方法:
(1)将卡波姆与纯化水在室温下搅拌均匀,调节pH至7.0,然后加入有机溶剂,室温下搅拌均匀,得到凝胶基质;
(2)向凝胶基质中加入金盏草提取物,在室温下搅拌均匀;然后在氮气保护的条件下加入活性组分A和活性组分B,室温下搅拌均匀,制备得到凝胶剂C。
对比例4:
1.原料组成(以重量份计):
活性组分A2份、活性组分B 5份、积雪草提取物18份、辅料63份;其中:
所述活性组分A为杆菌肽,所述杆菌肽为5000单位/支。
所述活性组分B为盐酸利多卡因。
所述积雪草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将积雪草干燥、粉碎,过40-60目筛,然后采用超临界CO2萃取工艺进行提取,萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度35℃,夹带剂为体积浓度为95%的乙醇,夹带剂的用量为原料重量的8%,萃取时间为2h,即得积雪草提取物。
所述辅料中以重量份计包括以下原料:
卡波姆2份、有机溶剂50份、纯化水48份;其中,卡波姆为卡波姆940,有机溶剂为丙二醇。
2.制备方法:
(1)将卡波姆与纯化水在室温下搅拌均匀,调节pH至7.0,然后加入有机溶剂,室温下搅拌均匀,得到凝胶基质;
(2)向凝胶基质中加入积雪草提取物,在室温下搅拌均匀;然后在氮气保护的条件下加入活性组分A和活性组分B,室温下搅拌均匀,制备得到凝胶剂D。
试验例1:皮肤刺激试验
1.试验方法:
于试验前24h,采用适宜的脱毛剂或剃毛器,将全部受试家兔背部脊柱两侧去毛(每侧约3×3cm2,无红斑、水肿及破损)。随机分成单次涂抹完整皮肤组、单次涂抹破损皮肤组、多次涂抹完整皮肤组、多次涂抹破损皮肤组,均涂抹给药(破损皮肤组,每只家兔背部脊柱两侧去毛区在敷药前用针头在敷约部位皮肤划“井”字以渗血为度或用砂纸磨),左侧为受试区,右侧为对照区。分别按0.02g/cm2给予本发明实施例制备的外用凝胶剂,用一层2.5×2.5cm2保鲜膜覆盖保湿,再加纱布覆盖保护,最后用无刺激性胶布和绷带适当固定。单次涂抹组:涂抹后6h,用温水洗去残留的外用凝胶剂;多次涂抹组:1次/d,连续7d,末次涂抹后6h,用温水洗去残留的外用凝胶剂。单次涂抹组去除受试物后1h、24h、48h、72h观察涂抹部位有无红斑和水肿等情况,以及上述变化的恢复情况和时间,多次涂抹组在每次去除外用凝胶剂后1h及再次涂抹前观察并记录涂抹部位红斑水肿及是否有色素沉着、出血点、皮肤粗糙或皮肤菲薄等情况发生及其消退时间,并对红斑水肿进行评分,末次给药后去除受试物后1h、24h、48h、72h观察涂抹部位有无红斑和水肿等情况,以及上述变化的恢复情况和时间。
皮肤刺激性反应评分标准:
红斑:无红斑(勉强可见),0分;轻度红斑(明显可见)1分;中度红斑,2分;重度红斑,3分;紫红色红斑到轻度焦痂形成,4分。水肿:无水肿,0分;轻度水肿(勉强可见),1分;中度水肿(明显隆起),2分;重度水肿(皮肤隆起约1mm,轮廓清楚),3分;严重水肿(皮肤隆起约1mm以上并有扩大),4分。
皮肤刺激性强度评价标准:平均分值0-0.49分,无刺激性;0.5-2.99分,轻度刺激性;3.0-5.99分,中度刺激性;6.0-8.0分,强刺激性。
2.试验结果:
本发明实施例制备的外用凝胶剂对皮肤均无刺激性反应,对皮肤无刺激性。试验结果表明:本发明的外用凝胶剂使用安全。
试验例2:体外抗菌试验
1.试验方法:
(1)菌悬液的制备:试验菌为大肠杆菌(ATCC 8099)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)。取其第3~14代普通营养琼脂24h新鲜培养物,用0.03mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.2)稀释成含菌量为106~107cfu/ml的菌悬液。
(2)将菌悬液0.5ml分别与本发明实施例1-3以及对比例1-4制备的外用凝胶剂4.5ml混匀,作用20min;取0.5ml菌药混合液,加入盛有4.5ml中和剂的试管中,混匀。中和作用10min,作活菌计数,计算灭菌率。
2.试验结果:
体外抗菌试验结果见表1。
表1:体外抗菌试验结果
试验例3:对皮肤创伤愈合的药效学试验
1.试验方法:
(1)烧烫伤模型小鼠的制备:
小鼠预烫伤部位用10%硫化钠脱毛处理,并饲养48小时消除硫化钠对小鼠皮肤的影响。小鼠采用异氟烷吸入麻醉,麻醉成功后,将直径3cm的圆形模具置于小鼠背部偏上方,蒸汽喷嘴对准背部,距离约2cm,持续作用5秒,形成一个深Ⅱ度烫伤创面,烫伤后立即腹腔注射复方醋酸钠注射液1.2ml抗休克,分笼饲养,自由饮食。
(2)分组及处理:
将建模后的小鼠随机分为:空白对照组、阳性对照组、试验1组-试验7组,每组3只,其中:空白对照组用生理盐水清洗涂抹伤口,每日一次;阳性对照组用呋喃西林涂抹伤口,每日换药一次;试验1组-试验3组分别用实施例1-实施例3制备的外用凝胶剂涂抹伤口,每日换药一次;试验4组-试验7组分别用对比例1-对比例4制备的外用凝胶剂涂抹伤口,每日换药一次。
(3)创面形态学观察:
烫伤后隔天动态观察小鼠给药后,创面红肿、感染、结痂情况,以创面封闭、表面干燥、痂皮脱落恢复正常视为愈合,记录创面脱痂时间和愈合时间(愈合率达98%以上)。采用透明硫酸纸描记法测定局部创面面积,按下列公式计算:
愈合率(%)=(初次面积-当日面积)/初次面积。
(4)愈后皮肤切片观察:
将愈后各组小鼠处死,切取创伤愈合后的皮肤,每块切取的皮肤面积约为1cm2,深至深筋膜层。将切取的皮肤组织立即放入4%多聚甲醛固定,固定24h放入组织自动脱水机中脱水,再石蜡包埋,制成厚度为5μm的石蜡切片,分别进行苏木素—伊红(HE)染色,光学显微镜下观察组织炎症反应、毛细血管、胶原纤维及上皮细胞等增生情况。
2.试验结果:
(1)小鼠烫伤创面脱痂时间和愈合时间见表2。
表2:小鼠烫伤创面脱痂时间和愈合时间
组别 | 脱痂时间(天) | 愈合时间(天) |
空白对照组 | 15.80 | 34.20 |
阳性对照组 | 10.50 | 16.00 |
试验1组 | 6.20 | 10.40 |
试验2组 | 7.80 | 12.30 |
试验3组 | 7.20 | 12.80 |
试验4组 | 11.40 | 18.20 |
试验5组 | 13.60 | 24.50 |
试验6组 | 11.80 | 17.20 |
试验7组 | 12.30 | 19.00 |
(2)愈后皮肤切片HE染色结果:
与其他组相比,试验1组-试验3组皮肤表皮层中可见角化层、颗粒层及棘细胞层;可见明显新生毛细血管及很少数的炎性细胞。说明本发明实施例制备的凝胶剂愈后炎症较少,修复效果好。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成:
活性组分A 1-3份、活性组分B 4-6份、金盏草提取物10-14份、积雪草提取物16-20份、辅料60-80份;
所述活性组分A为硫酸多粘菌素B、硫酸新霉素和杆菌肽中的至少两种;
所述活性组分B为盐酸利多卡因、盐酸普莫卡因、盐酸普鲁卡因和薄荷脑中的至少一种;
所述辅料中以重量份计包括以下原料:
卡波姆0.5-3份、有机溶剂40-75份、纯化水20-50份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外用凝胶剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成:
活性组分A 2份、活性组分B 5份、金盏草提取物12份、积雪草提取物18份、辅料63份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的外用凝胶剂,其特征在于,所述活性组分A由硫酸多粘菌素B、硫酸新霉素和杆菌肽按质量比为(0.6-0.7):(5-5.5):(7-8)混合而成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外用凝胶剂,其特征在于,所述硫酸多粘菌素B为50000单位/支,所述硫酸新霉素为35000单位/支,所述杆菌肽为5000单位/支。
5.根据权利要求1所述的外用凝胶剂,其特征在于,所述卡波姆为卡波姆934、卡波姆940、卡波姆941和卡波姆974中的任一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外用凝胶剂,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为乙醇、丙二醇和聚乙二醇中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的外用凝胶剂,其特征在于,所述金盏草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将金盏草干燥、粉碎,用8-10重量倍的体积浓度为95%的乙醇提取2-4次,提取温度为70-80℃,每次提取时间为1h,合并提取液,将提取液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到醇浸膏;
向金盏草醇提取后的药渣中加8-10重量倍的水,煎煮2-3h,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.1-1.2(50℃测),得到水浸膏;
将醇浸膏和水浸膏混合均匀,干燥、粉碎,即得金盏草提取物。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的外用凝胶剂,其特征在于,所述积雪草提取物由如下方法制备而成:
将积雪草干燥、粉碎,过40-60目筛,然后采用超临界CO2萃取工艺进行提取,萃取压力30-35MPa,萃取温度35-40℃,夹带剂为体积浓度为95%的乙醇,夹带剂的用量为原料重量的5-10%,萃取时间为1-2h,即得积雪草提取物。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的用于皮肤创伤的外用凝胶剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将卡波姆与纯化水在室温下搅拌均匀,调节pH至7.0,然后加入有机溶剂,室温下搅拌均匀,得到凝胶基质;
(2)向凝胶基质中加入金盏草提取物和积雪草提取物,在室温下搅拌均匀;然后在氮气保护的条件下加入活性组分A和活性组分B,室温下搅拌均匀,即得。
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