CN101346134A - 聚氨酯类成膜毛发护理聚合物的用途以及含有这些聚合物的药物制剂和贴剂 - Google Patents
聚氨酯类成膜毛发护理聚合物的用途以及含有这些聚合物的药物制剂和贴剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101346134A CN101346134A CN200680048714.3A CN200680048714A CN101346134A CN 101346134 A CN101346134 A CN 101346134A CN 200680048714 A CN200680048714 A CN 200680048714A CN 101346134 A CN101346134 A CN 101346134A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于毛发护理产品中的成膜聚氨酯或所述聚氨酯与其它聚合物的混合物在药物制剂中的用途,所述药物制剂用于活性成分的皮肤或者经皮给药。本发明还涉及包含所述毛发护理聚氨酯的贴剂和药物制剂。
Description
本发明涉及聚氨酯类成膜毛发护理聚合物的用途,以及含有这些毛发护理聚合物的药物制剂,所述药物制剂用于活性成分的皮肤或者经皮给药。所述药物制剂以液体形式施加于皮肤上。通过蒸发所含有的溶剂,所述药物制剂形成柔性的、化妆上不易察觉的、易于附着的不粘膜,由此将活性成分控制释放到皮肤中或通过皮肤控制释放到体循环中。
目前,以人的皮肤作为目标器官的给药方法一般用于两个方面。一方面,活性成分是局部给药的,以治疗各种皮肤疾病如银屑病或神经性皮炎。另一方面,活性成分是经皮给药的,以治疗系统性疾病和用于激素替代疗法。
在市场上发现的经皮给药的凝胶制剂中,存在以醇溶液的形式进行渗透的活性成分。它们通过聚合物(如聚丙烯酸)增稠,并且以水醇凝胶的形式每天在皮肤上施用一次。
由于醇挥发很快,活性成分只有很短的时间以进入表皮。因而,超过90%的活性成分没有进入血液,大部分留在皮肤表面。溶剂的快速损失导致过饱和,从而经常使活性成分结晶析出。于是,显著地阻碍了对皮肤的渗透,因为活性成分只能以溶解形式扩散进入皮肤。
未固定在皮肤上的残留活性成分涉及剂量损失以及对衣物或他人造成污染的风险。
特别是在经皮给药中,为了透过皮肤输送必须量的活性成分,经常需要非常大面积的施用。这要求每个单剂量几毫升的高凝胶量。而在操作过程中,患者认为这是不实用的和令人不愉快的。最后,使用传统凝胶制剂不能进行活性成分在长时期内的控制释放。
与此相反,可以在经皮治疗体系中进行活性成分的控制释放,但是由于市场运销的原因,提供的剂量通常是有限的。因此,针对患者的单独的剂量只有在有限的范围内才是可能的。同样,就用于皮肤的经皮治疗体系的接触表面积而言,剂量范围受到限制。尺寸大于20cm2的贴剂由于固定在很大的皮肤面积上而令人不舒服。其他缺点是由于贴剂的胶粘层导致的皮肤刺激以及有碍美容。此外,经皮贴剂的制备需要昂贵的设备和工艺。
针对上述提及的缺点中的许多缺点,过去已经提出了解决方法。E01150661B1要求保护一种含有成膜组合物和一种或更多种活性成分的局部喷剂。这种喷剂尤其是含有成膜聚合物。施加到皮肤后,其产生柔性的、易于附着的、能呼吸的膜。
本发明的目的是提供一种作为替代的药物制剂,其施加于皮肤上时形成与已知的制剂相比在活性成分渗透方面有所改善的膜。
根据本发明,该目的通过将通常用于毛发护理剂中的成膜聚氨酯或者这种聚氨酯与各种其他聚合物的混合物用于药物制剂而实现,所述药物制剂用于活性成分的皮肤或经皮给药。
为此,先将成膜聚氨酯与一种或更多种活性成分一起溶解或悬浮在合适的溶剂中,并加入一些助剂,这样得到的药物制剂以液体形式施加到皮肤上。
这样得到的药物制剂也可以用于指甲,例如用于治疗甲癣或甲真菌病(onychomycosis)。
当溶剂从皮肤上挥发后,药物制剂形成柔性的看不见的薄膜。由于该形成的薄膜,一种或更多种活性成分可以通过所产生的聚合物贮库直接施加到皮肤上,或可以通过皮肤释放至体循环内。此处提出的给药方法的特征在于简便的施用(例如通过喷或抹来施加药物制剂)、灵活的剂量以及活性成分在较长时间内的控制释放。形成的薄膜对皮肤具有良好的附着性,引起皮肤刺激的可能性小,并且外观不明显。通过将膜中的活性组分固定在皮肤上,避免了由于与衣物接触造成的活性成分的损失或给他人带来的污染。本发明的另一个优点是与经皮贴剂的制备不同,不需要昂贵的设备或工艺。各种组分只是溶解或者悬浮于溶剂中并装瓶。溶液的施加可以不考虑皮肤的条件。与应当施加到无毛、光滑区域的贴剂相比,本发明的药物制剂在有毛或皱纹的区域不产生任何问题。
在溶剂的蒸发过程中,所用的活性成分不会发生重结晶。相反,还会得到具有高的热力学活性的过饱和溶液。因此,促进了活性成分对皮肤的持续渗透。在干燥的膜中,活性成分也不结晶析出,而是以溶解的形式存在。这使得其可以在膜中扩散,从而使活性成分在膜干燥之后也能扩散至界面,并可以释放至皮肤。在配方中,可以加入单独的活性成分,或者可加入数种活性成分(例如,雌激素如乙炔雌二醇与促孕激素如左炔诺孕酮组合),然后被一同输送或平行输送进入皮肤。通过采用毛发护理聚氨酯,避免了活性成分的重结晶,同时在热力学上促进了活性成分经由皮肤的吸收。
适用于根据本发明的药物制剂的毛发护理聚合物属于聚氨酯类。用于毛发护理产品的聚氨酯,单独或者和其他聚合物如丙烯酸酯联用,对本发明而言是特别合适的,这是因为由此形成的膜具有高柔性,同时具有较高的强度。合适的聚氨酯的实例如下文所列的那些。在该列表中,聚氨酯以它们的商品名表示。在相应的括号中,标明了聚氨酯的名称和目前相应的生产商。
-AquamereTM A/H(聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮/聚氨基甲酰/聚乙二醇酯)
-AquamereTM C(聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯/聚氨基甲酰/聚乙二醇酯)
-AquamereTM S(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/丙烯酸聚二甲基硅氧烷基酯/聚氨基甲酰/聚乙二醇酯)
优选采用任选中和的、完全反应的羧化线型聚氨酯,其包含由下述物质构成的反应产物:
(1)一种或更多种2,2-羟甲基取代的羧酸,如式I所示,其中R为氢或C1-C20-烷基,其用量为足以在每克聚氨酯中,产生0.35-2.25毫当量的羧基官能度;
[式I]
(2)相对于聚氨酯的重量,10-90wt%的一种或更多种有机化合物,在每种情况下,所述有机化合物都不含有超过两个活泼氢原子,以及
(3)一种或更多种有机二异氰酸酯,其用量足以与除2,2-羟甲基取代羧酸的羧基中氢原子之外的2,2-羟甲基取代羧酸和有机化合物中的活泼氢原子反应。
通式I表示2,2-羟甲基取代的羧酸,
[式I]
其中,R为氢或C1-C20烷基,优选为C1-C8烷基。特定的实例包括2,2-二(羟甲基)乙酸、2,2-二(羟甲基)丙酸、2,2-二(羟甲基)丁酸、2,2-二(羟甲基)戊酸等。优选的酸为2,2-二(羟甲基)丙酸。2,2-羟甲基取代的羧酸的量为在每克聚氨酯中产生0.35-2.25毫当量、优选0.5-1.85毫当量的羧基官能度,一般而言为聚氨酯聚合物的约5-30wt%。
与异氰酸酯反应并可用于制备本发明的聚氨酯聚合物的有机化合物含有不超过两个的活泼氢原子(按Zerewitinoff法测定)。活泼氢原子一般与氧、氮或硫原子连接。这些化合物的分子量为约300~20,000,优选约500~8,000。所述化合物优选为线型的,以避免在聚合过程中凝胶化,但也可用少量的非线型化合物,前提是使用它们不产生任何凝胶。有机化合物的用量为聚氨酯的10-90wt%,优选15-70wt%。
具有两个活泼氢原子的优选有机化合物为线型双官能聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇,特别是可以从市场上购得的那些,以及通过环氧乙烷(或环氧丙烷)与水、乙二醇(或丙二醇)或二乙二醇(或二丙二醇)在氢氧化钠催化剂存在下反应制备的那些。这些聚二醇的分子量为约600~20,000,优选为约1,000~8,000。可使用具有均一分子量的聚二醇或不同分子量的二元醇混合物。也可以通过共聚反应在聚二醇中引入少量的另外的环氧烷烃。
其他合适的具有两个活泼氢原子的有机化合物为具有羟基、羧基、氨基或巯基的有机化合物。其中,优选多羟基化合物如聚醚二醇、聚酯二醇、聚缩醛二醇、聚酰胺二醇、聚酯聚酰胺二醇、聚(亚烷基醚)二醇、聚硫醚二醇和聚碳酸酯二醇。也可使用具有两个或更多个不同的上述所列的基团的化合物,如氨基醇和具有两个氨基和一个羟基的氨基醇。双官能化合物是优选使用的,但是也可使用少量三(和多)官能化合物。
合适的聚醚二醇为例如由环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷或四氢呋喃得到的缩合产物、以及它们的共聚、接枝或嵌段聚合产物,如混合的环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷缩合物和高压烯烃与前述环氧烷烃缩合物反应得到的接枝聚合产物。合适的聚醚通过上述环氧烷烃与多元醇缩合得到,所述多元醇如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇和1,4-丁二醇。
合适的聚酯二醇、聚酯酰胺二醇和聚酰胺二醇优选为饱和的,并且通过,例如,饱和或不饱和多元羧酸与饱和或不饱和的多元醇、二胺或多元胺的反应获得。适用于制备这些化合物的羧酸包括,例如,己二酸、琥珀酸、邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸和马来酸。适用于制备所述聚酯的多元醇包括,例如,乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇和己二醇。氨基醇例如乙醇胺也是合适的。适用于制备聚酯酰胺和聚酰胺的二胺为,例如,乙二胺和六亚甲基二胺。
合适的聚缩醛可由例如1,4-丁二醇或己二醇与甲醛反应来制备。合适的聚硫醚可用例如硫代二甘醇单独或与其他二醇(如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇)或前文所述的其他多羟基化合物进行缩合而获得。也可使用已经含有脲基或氨基甲酸酯基的多羟基化合物,以及可被进一步改性的天然多元醇如蓖麻油和碳水化合物。
在聚氨酯聚合物的制备中,可以期望,除了具有不超过两个活泼氢原子的有机化合物(在大多数情况下其具有高分子量)之外,还使用具有较低分子量的、优选小于约300且大于60的分子量的有机化合物,来使所述聚合物扩链。典型的扩链剂包括:饱和或不饱和的二元醇,如乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇等;氨基醇,如乙醇胺、丙醇胺、丁醇胺等;单和二烷氧基化的脂肪族、环脂族、芳香族和杂环族伯胺,如N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-油烯基二乙醇胺、N-环己基二异丙醇胺、N,N-二羟乙基对甲苯胺、N,N-二羟丙基萘胺等;二胺,如乙二胺、哌嗪、N,N-二-γ-氨基丙基-N-甲基胺等;羧酸,包括脂肪族、环脂族、芳香族和杂环族二羧酸,如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、癸二酸、邻苯二甲酸、萘-1,5-二羧酸、马来酸、富马酸、二甘醇酸(diglycolic acid)、喹啉酸、卢剔啶酸等;氨基酸,如甘氨酸、α-和β-丙氨酸、6-氨基己酸、4-氨基丁酸、对氨基苯甲酸和5-氨基萘甲酸等。优选的扩链剂是脂肪族二醇。
可与有机化合物反应的有机多异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯的混合物为脂肪族或芳香族多异氰酸酯或它们的混合物。多异氰酸酯优选为二异氰酸酯,这样获得线型聚合物,但是与二异氰酸酯一起还可使用少量的三官能异氰酸酯。异氰酸酯的用量足以与除2,2-羟甲基取代的羧酸的羧基中的氢原子之外的2,2-羟甲基取代的羧酸和有机化合物中的活泼氢原子反应。其用量根据羧酸和有机化合物的用量而变化。
二异氰酸酯的实例包括但不限于亚甲基二对苯基二异氰酸酯、亚甲基-双(4-环己基异氰酸酯)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、4,4′-联苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,2′-二甲基-4,4′-联苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4′-联苄基二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、1,4-亚苯基二异氰酸酯、2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯的混合物、2,2′-二氯-4,4′-联苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4-二溴-1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、丁烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯和环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯。
如果不希望对聚合物链进行扩链,二异氰酸酯和含有两个活泼氢的有机化合物之间的反应,可通过加入含有活泼氢的单官能化合物以消耗任何残留的异氰酸酯官能团来中断。这些链终止剂的实例对本领域技术人员而言是熟知的;对于该体系,优选的链终止剂为乙醇。
氨基甲酸酯的聚合反应在通常有或没有催化剂的反应介质中进行,所述催化剂用于氨基甲酸酯的反应,并且对本领域技术人员而言是熟知的。合适的催化剂包括二月桂酸二丁基锡、具有2~18个碳原子的羧酸的锡(II)盐(如月桂酸锡(II)、硬脂酸锡(II)、醋酸锡(II)、丁酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)等)以及它们的混合物。其他合适的催化剂包括氧化二丁基锡、硫化二丁基锡、树脂酸铅、苯甲酸铅、水杨酸铅、2-乙基己酸铅、油酸铅、乙酰丙酮酸铁、苯甲酸钴、钛酸四(2-乙基己基)酯、钛酸四丁酯等。许多其他化合物加速羟基或其他基团与异氰酸酯基的反应,而不是加速异氰酸酯基的其他反应,并且可以使用任意此类化合物。本领域技术人员能选择特定的催化剂,以赋予每个氨基甲酸酯反应以期望的特征性质。现有的特定化合物是优选的化合物,并且以说明而不是对其作出限制的方式提及。此外,任何适当的叔胺,如三亚乙基二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-甲基吗啉或4-二甲基氨基乙基哌嗪,可单独使用或与金属催化剂一起使用。
共反应物的比例的选择,应当使得异氰酸酯基团与活泼氢原子的摩尔比尽量接近1∶1。当然,这样精确的比例在实际中并不总是能够达到;因此,该比例为约0.7∶1~1.3∶1,优选为约0.9∶1~1.2∶1,是我们所应当追求的,二异氰酸酯的任何过量都可以如前文所述的用含活泼氢的单官能化合物加以抑制。
所述聚合物按照本领域技术人员所熟知的用于制备聚氨酯的已知聚合方法进行。例如,聚合方法和反应条件在DE69401230T2的实施例已有描述。
上述所列的聚氨酯类的毛发护理聚合物,在皮肤上形成化妆上不易察觉的柔性膜。如果形成的膜是透明的,并且仅仅或者只是适度地固定在皮肤上的话,化妆上不易察觉的柔性膜就会一直存在。与皮肤很强的附着会导致不希望的起皱,会降低附着舒适性和化妆吸引力。在至少24小时的附着时间内,所述膜表现出足够的附着性(即没有剥落或脱离),而且具有高柔性以至在这段时间内没有可见的裂纹形成。72-84小时的较长附着时间——对应于每周2次的给药——也是可能的。
在这种情况下,本发明的药物组合物将简便的施用和灵活的剂量结合起来。它具有快干性、不粘性和易于附着性。活性成分可以在较长的时间内进行控释。在这种情况下,就激素而言,活性组分穿过人体表皮的渗透性要高于同样浓度下的市场上通常使用的激素贴剂或激素的乙醇溶液。而且对衣物或他人没有污染。
由于粘度和化妆方面的原因,药物制剂中的成膜毛发护理聚氨酯的浓度可以处于特定的范围之内。高的聚合物比例会导致粘度的显著上升。给药例如通过喷雾给药会因此变得困难。还会产生其他后果:形成的膜太厚以至牢固固定在皮肤上,从而产生不希望的起皱。通过将药物制剂施加到皮肤上形成的聚合物膜的厚度大于1μm,但不超过100μm。优选的膜厚度为5μm~50μm。
但是,由于聚氨酯的含量还影响活性成分的负载能力,因此可以对每种聚氨酯的含量进行单独设定,形成的膜基于聚合物和活性物质的性质,且所述膜使得可以在期望的时间内实现活性物质的充分渗透同时又满足化妆要求(不起皱)。这种情况下,液态药物制剂(不含抛射剂)中聚氨酯的含量为0.01~40%(w/w),优选为5~30%。
此外,聚氨酯膜仅仅具有低的隔绝性(occlusivity)即水蒸气的渗透率大于0.05g·cm-2·24h-1(根据Ph.Brit 1993 Appendix XXJ测量)。这样,它们还能适于长时间的使用。
除了一种或更多种上述提及的聚氨酯(任选地为与其他聚合物的混合物的形式),本发明的药物制剂还含有至少一种适当的溶剂和至少一种活性成分。
所有可被加入聚氨酯溶液中并允许在相应的适应症中进行皮肤或经皮给药的药物活性物质都适于用作活性成分。此外,通过采用本发明的药物制剂,用于治疗皮肤疾病如真菌病的活性成分的给药也是可以的。这样,皮肤损害可特别地通过例如喷涂聚氨酯溶液而得到治疗。对于受伤的皮肤的治疗,需特别注意溶剂的相容性。
下面所列的是适合用于本发明的药物制剂的给药的活性成分的名单:
适用于经皮给药的:
-雄激素,如睾酮及其酯(例如丙酸睾酮(testosteronedipropionate))、7-甲基-11-氟-19-去甲睾酮或7-甲基-19-去甲睾酮;
-雌激素,如乙炔雌二醇、炔雌醇甲醚、环戊雌三醇(quinestranol)、雌二醇、雌素酮、雌甾烷、雌三醇、雌四醇和马结合雌激素;
-促孕激素,如孕酮、己酸羟孕酮、左炔诺孕酮、炔诺肟酯、炔诺酮、屈螺酮、去氢孕酮、诺孕曲明(norelgestromin)、左旋甲炔诺酮、双烯孕腈、达那唑、炔雌烯醇、依托孕烯、美罗孕酮、奈甾酮和环丙孕酮;
-间位胆碱受体拮抗剂,如东莨菪碱、曲司氯铵(trospium chloride)、噻托溴铵(tiotropium)和后马托品;
-前列腺素,如地诺前列素、米索前列醇、硫前列酮和前列甲脂;
-以及达那唑、非那雄胺、雷洛昔芬、尼古丁、催产素、硝化甘油、芬太尼、纳洛酮、丁氨苯丙酮、可乐宁、心得安、美托洛尔、硫氮酮、尼卡地平、卡托普利、硝酸异山梨醇酯、单硝酸异山梨醇酯、二甲基异山梨醇、他林洛尔、利多卡因、丙哌卡因、安定、咪达唑仑、哌甲酯、甲状旁腺素、罗替戈汀、胰岛素、肝素、羟丁宁、磺胺胍和/或叠氮胸苷;
所述物质包括它们的手性形式以及药学上可接受的盐。
适用于皮肤施用的:
-鞣料,如儿茶素低聚体、鞣酸与黄烷衍生物的低聚体、苯氧羧酸、五倍子酸及其衍生物的酯化糖;
-防腐剂,如洗必太、三氯生和依沙吖啶;
-抗生素,如梭链孢酸、红霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、螺旋霉素、二甲胺四环素、氯林可霉素、新霉素B、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡霉素、托普霉素、乙基西梭霉素甲硝哒唑、尼莫唑、硝砜咪唑多粘菌素B、粘菌素、短杆菌素、杆菌肽、莫匹罗星和头孢氨苄;
-抗真菌剂,如酮康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B、灰黄霉素、氟康唑、阿莫罗芬、氟胞嘧啶、特比萘芬、萘替芬、环吡司、游霉素、制霉菌素、十一碳烯酸和异康唑;
-局部皮质甾类,如醋丙甲泼尼龙、丙酸氯氟美松、莫米松康酸酯、氢化可的松、倍他米松-17-苯甲酸酯、泼尼卡酯、二氟皮甾酮四醇戊酸酯、曲安奈德、安西缩松、去氧米松、氟考龙和氟替卡松;
-局部免疫调节剂(大环内酯),如他克莫司和吡美莫司,还有埃坡霉素;
-抗组胺剂,如氮卓斯汀、非索非那定、左卡巴斯汀、氯雷他定、咪唑斯汀、氯马斯汀、巴米品、西替利嗪、二甲茚啶、甲哌噻庚酮和依美斯汀;
-免疫抑制剂,如环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤和麦考酚酸莫酯;
-蒽林,如蒽地酚和蒽三酚;
-维生素D3类似物,如钙泊三醇和他卡西妥;
-局部类维生素A,如维甲酸、异维甲酸、艾维甲酸、阿达帕林和他扎罗汀;
-细胞抑制剂,如氨甲喋呤、5-氟尿嘧啶、5-羟基它莫西芬、锌-羟基吡啶硫酮和氟达拉滨;
-UV防护剂,如茋衍生物;
-植物提取物,如绿茶提取物、积雪草提取物、柳树皮提取物、桦树提取物、茶树油、橄榄叶提取物、芦荟提取物、金盏花提取物、西番莲花提取物、金缕梅提取物、甘菊提取物、落叶冬青叶提取物和甘草根提取物如18β-甘草次酸(Zn组合)或其混合物;以及
-脲、乳酸、富马酸酯、壬二酸、氢醌、过氧化苯甲酰、苯甲酸苄酯、酮丙酸、布洛芬、水杨酸酯、甲氧萘丙酸、环氟拉嗪-Na和盐、酮咯酸、消炎痛、吡氧噻嗪、烟酰胺、邻苯二甲酸二丙酯、氨基吡啉、氟灭酸、甲哌噻庚酮、聚多卡醇、寡核苷酸、si-RNA和核酶、RNA诱饵核苷酸、开糖环鸟苷、喷昔洛韦、疱疹净、曲氟尿苷、阿糖腺苷、曲金刚胺、5-氨基乙酰丙酸、利多卡因、普鲁卡因和辛可卡因;
所述物质包括它们的手性形式和药学上可接受的盐。
在这种情况下,活性成分可以通过溶解的形式以及乳液或悬浮液的形式存在。
由药物制剂形成的聚合物膜中的活性成分的浓度取决于所期望达到的活性成分的水平。这依赖于活性成分的皮肤渗透性,并且配方中任选地存在渗透促进剂。在溶液中,活性成分的用量受到活性成分在溶液中的饱和溶解度的限制。如果超过饱和溶解度,活性成分就会以部分溶解、部分悬浮的形式存在。本发明的药物制剂中的活性成分的用量为0.01~30%(w/w),优选为0.01~15%(w/w)。
本发明的聚氨酯膜是负载能力有限的非常薄的体系。因此,适于通过该体系给药的活性成分优选为在结构上具有良好皮肤渗透性的、能通过聚合物体系本身或者加入渗透促进剂非常有效地穿过皮肤的;或者是药效很高并因此只需很小剂量给药的。就此而论,激素,主要为雌激素、促孕激素和雄激素,特别是乙炔雌二醇和左炔诺孕酮,是特别合适的。
为了避免长时间地等待制剂的干燥(这会伤害患者的依从性),可以施用皮肤相容性的、稍微具有挥发性的溶剂。这些溶剂优选为乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、挥发性硅氧烷、丙酮和水。溶剂可以单独使用,或者彼此组合使用。当为含水溶剂混合物时,水的含量优选低于50%(w/w),否则会延长干燥时间。
药物制剂中可以任选地加入一种或更多种软化剂。优选的软化剂为柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯、柠檬酸乙酰基三乙酯、柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯、三醋精、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、癸二酸三丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、甘油或蓖麻油。在这种情况下,软化剂的含量必须与聚氨酯及其浓度相匹配,因为如果软化剂的含量太高,所述膜就会发粘。相反地,如果软化剂的含量太低,又会降低附着性和柔性。从而使膜在一段时间后剥落或破裂。任选加入到本发明的药物组合物中的软化剂的量优选为0.01~20%(w/w)。软化剂可单独使用,或者彼此组合使用。
另外,任选地还可在本发明的药物制剂中加入其他药学相容物质如保湿剂和乳化剂。
适当的保湿剂优选甘油、山梨糖醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇或聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮及其组合。其在药物制剂中的含量优选为0.01~10%(w/w)。
本发明的乳化剂优选为十六烷基硬脂基硫酸钠、脂肪酸甘油酯、卵磷脂、脂肪醇、胆固醇、脂肪酸脱水山梨糖醇酯、聚氧化乙烯(POE)脂肪酸酯、POE-脂肪酸甘油酯或POE-脂肪醇醚。所述乳化剂在药物制剂中的用量优选为0.01~10%(w/w)。
对活性成分由聚合物体系穿过皮肤的控制可通过如下途径实现:通过选择特定的渗透促进剂或各种物质的组合,以及通过选择待加入的一种或更多种物质的用量。
任选加入的渗透促进剂优选选自:月桂氮酮、亚砜、萜烯或精油、油酸、油醇、月桂酸、丙二醇、碳酸亚丙酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或肉豆蔻酸异丙酯。在这种情况下,渗透促进剂可单独使用或组合使用。特别优选的为油酸、萜烯R-(+)-柠檬烯和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯。更特别优选为肉豆蔻酸单异丙酯;以及油酸、R-(+)-柠檬烯或肉豆蔻酸异丙酯与丙二醇的组合,所述组合比优选为1∶1。
例如,R-(+)-柠檬烯、油酸和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,主要与丙二醇组合,对活性成分乙炔雌二醇是特别有利的。它们在药物制剂中的含量优选为0.01~15%(w/w)。
除了渗透促进剂,基础溶剂例如乙醇、醋酸乙酯或异丙醇,也能提高渗透性。但是,由聚合物的乙醇溶液得到的聚合物膜的活性成分的渗透性,明显优于不含聚合物的活性成分的乙醇溶液。因此,有机溶剂的存在本身并不能提高活性成分对人体皮肤的渗透性。在这个过程中,聚合物起着重要的作用。这种观察结果也得到了如下的支持:由不同聚合物制备的制剂,渗透穿过人体表皮的活性成分的量也不同。
在含有的活性成分的量很大或加入的药物助剂的量很大的情况下,由于膜性质会变化,例如加入物质后会造成附着性的变化,因此配方需要进行调整,例如提高软化剂的含量。
本发明的药物制剂可置于可以从市场上购得的施用器中,然后通过它们施加到皮肤上。就此而论,滚轴、泵喷壶、喷雾器、管、刷瓶或吸液瓶是特别合适的。在将制剂置于一个喷雾器中的情况下,需要另外混合抛射剂。例如二甲醚、或丙烷和丁烷的组合可用作抛射剂。在这种情况下,活性成分的剂量可通过本领域技术人员所熟知的设备或工艺加以控制。
对于乙炔雌二醇和左炔诺孕酮,可以看到,含有或不含渗透促进剂的新的药物制剂,与具有相同浓度的乙醇溶液相比,渗透穿过人体表皮的活性成分更多。就24小时内渗透的活性成分的量而言,这种新的聚合物体系优于具有同样活性成分浓度的简单的乙醇溶液。
实施例1:不含渗透促进剂的药物制剂
为了获得能在皮肤上干燥并形成柔性的、化妆上不易察觉的膜且不含渗透促进剂的药物制剂,用于给药的活性成分任选在加热的情况下,通常在96%的乙醇中溶解。活性成分溶解后,加入聚合物,用磁力搅拌器搅拌,直至聚合物完全溶解。得到透明溶液后,任选地加入交联剂或软化剂,再搅拌溶液24小时。聚合物溶液的储存是在用硅化的橡胶塞和铝凸帽密封严实的玻璃容器中进行的。这些配方实验中的聚合物、聚合物含量、软化剂及软化剂含量都不同。
按照下面所述的关于粘度、干燥时间、外侧的粘性、化妆上的吸引力和在皮肤上的耐久性的指标,对如此得到的制剂进行评估。为此,用金属模板将如此得到的制剂约50mg(对应于10mg/cm2)施加到皮肤上。
将制剂施加到皮肤5分钟后,不加压地在膜上放置载玻片,以此来测试膜是否干燥。如果将载玻片从膜上取下之后没有在载玻片上发现液体残留物,就认为膜已经干了。为了保证患者有好的顺从性,只选择那些5分钟后就干燥的膜。
为了测试膜外侧的粘性,用一团棉花轻轻压在干燥的膜上。用膜所粘住的棉纤维的量来进行评估。
膜的化妆上的吸引力,通过肉眼观察膜的厚度、透明性和皮肤结合程度来评价。
放置24小时后,用10倍放大率的放大镜评估膜在皮肤上的耐久性。膜上的裂纹和缝隙(剥落)越少,则膜的质量越好。
溶液的粘度的评估是通过肉眼观察储存容器中的溶液进行的,其目的是为了选择可以通过喷雾给药的低至中等粘度的制剂。
如果在上述所有指标中,获得了最好的评价(低至中等的粘度,5分钟后干燥,膜外层很少或没有粘性,厚度小,透明性好,对皮肤只有很低的附着性,以及24小时后很少或没有裂纹或缝隙的形成),该制剂就被认为是成功的。本发明的药物制剂的浓度和含量的任何变化,都会导致膜性质的变化,从而可能导致上述指标评估的变化。在一定的范围内,这些变化是可接受的,这样就能标出每一组分的浓度范围。但是,很大的变化会导致皮肤上的聚合物膜不再具有所期望的性质,从而不再适于预想的应用。
下表包含了数值范围方面的数据,在这些范围之内,药物制剂能在皮肤上形成柔性的、易于附着的、不粘的和化妆上不易察觉的膜。
由10%(w/w)的、1%(w/w)的柠檬酸三乙酯、16%的水、68%(w/w)的乙醇和5%(w/w)的活性成分组成的药物组合物,形成特别合适的膜。
实施例2:含有渗透促进剂的药物制剂
为了提高活性成分对皮肤的渗透性,可在配方中加入渗透促进剂,这对上述指标具有正面影响。
%数据是指%(w/w)
实施例3:乙炔雌二醇的渗透性,与乙醇溶液比较
为了进行皮肤渗透性测试,采用整形外科手术的人体腹部皮肤。所述皮肤被除去了下层脂肪组织,并在冷冻情况下储存直至使用。从皮肤片上切下圆形试样,用热分离法将表皮与其他皮肤组分分离(Kligman,A.M.,Christophers,E.,Preparation of Isolated Sheets of Human StratumCorneum.Archives of Dermatology,1963.88:pp.702-705)。将表皮与合适的支撑膜夹持在一起,置于竖直的Franz扩散池中。作为受体介质,采用含0.5% γ-环糊精的中性磷酸盐缓冲液作为增溶剂。在整个测试过程中,扩散池被调整到32℃,而且受体介质在磁力搅拌棒的作用下连续充分地在池中进行混合。在各个配方被施加于表皮上之后(每个配方各采用四个扩散池),在确定的时间将试样从每个扩散池中移出,用新的受体介质补充体积。试样中活性成分的含量在不经进一步处理的情况下用HPLC测定。
乙炔雌二醇的渗透性由含和不含渗透促进剂(油酸2.5%(w/w);丙二醇2.5%(w/w))的本发明的聚合物体系(DynamX 10%(w/w);乙炔雌二醇含量5%(w/w))通过热分离的人体表皮测得,并与乙醇溶液(5%(w/w)乙炔雌二醇)的渗透性进行比较。渗透性测试结果参见图1/8。
实施例4:乙炔雌二醇的渗透性,与贴剂比较
含和不含促进剂(油酸2.5%(w/w);丙二醇2.5%,(w/w))的本发明的聚合物体系(DynamX 10%(w/w);乙炔雌二醇含量5%(w/w))的乙炔雌二醇的渗透性通过热分离后的人体表皮测试,并与可以从市场上购得的避孕贴剂()中的乙炔雌二醇的渗透性进行比较。渗透性测试的结果见图2/8。
实施例5:乙炔雌二醇的渗透性,不同聚合物溶液之间的比较
本发明的聚合物体系(DynamX 10%(w/w),乙炔雌二醇含量5%(w/w))的渗透性通过热分离后的人体表皮测试,并与含有其他聚合物和相同乙炔雌二醇含量(5%(w/w))的聚合物溶液以及含有乙醇溶液(5%(w/w)乙炔雌二醇)的聚合物溶液的渗透性进行比较。测试的配方的组成见下表:
在这种情况下,RL PO是甲基丙烯酸铵共聚物,SGM 36是硅橡胶,LF是羟丙基纤维素。另外,Q7-9180的含义是DowCorning Q7-9180 Silicone Fluid 0.65cst(由六甲基二硅氧烷和八甲基三硅氧烷组成的混合物);193油为Dow Corning 193 fluid(PEG-12聚二甲基硅氧烷)。渗透性测试的结果见图3/8。
实施例6:左炔诺孕酮的渗透性,与乙醇溶液比较
含和不含促进剂(油酸2.5%(w/w);丙二醇2.5%(w/w))的本发明的聚合物体系(DynamX 10%(w/w);左炔诺孕酮含量0.3%(w/w))的左炔诺孕酮的渗透性通过热分离后的人体表皮测试,并与乙醇溶液(0.3%w/w左炔诺孕酮)中左炔诺孕酮的渗透性进行比较。渗透性测试的结果见图4/8。
实施例7:左炔诺孕酮的渗透性-与贴剂比较
含促进剂(油酸5.0%(w/w);丙二醇5.0%(w/w))的本发明的聚合物体系(DynamX 10%(w/w);左炔诺孕酮含量0.3%(w/w))中左炔诺孕酮的渗透性通过热分离后的人体表皮测试,并与可以从市场上购得的贴剂(Combi,Phase II)中左炔诺孕酮的渗透性进行比较。渗透性测试的结果见图5/8。
实施例8:经皮贴剂或成膜聚合物溶液的一次给药后,猪中的乙炔雌二醇的血浆水平测定
所述测试是用8头母猪(德国长白猪,年龄3-4个月),按照德国动物保护法,在有关负责机构的批准之后进行的。将这些动物分为两组,每组四头。所述分组是按重量随机进行的,这样每组具有相近的平均体重(23.5kg±0.5kg)。在实验前一天,这些动物的背上的测试区的毛被刮掉,同时不损伤皮肤。在施用试验药物之前,将皮肤用酒精仔细地清洁。一个组中的每一头都被贴上一张贴剂(20cm2,0.03mg的EE/cm2)。当测试过程中发生贴剂脱落(皮肤接触<90%)的情形,该贴剂被除去,以另外的皮肤位置上的新的贴剂代替。300μl的成膜制剂(组成:10.0%,1.0%柠檬酸三乙酯,67.2%乙醇,16.8%水,5.0%乙炔雌二醇)被施加到第二组动物上,施加面积20cm2。两组制剂都是在测试的开始时给药一次。在测试期间内(7天),观察药物处理的情况,记录可能的皮肤反应。从给药时开始,6小时、12小时、24小时、48小时、72小时、144小时和168小时后取血样,对每GC-MS的乙炔雌二醇的血浆进行分析。
乙炔雌二醇的血浆水平见图6/8-8/8。浓度-时间曲线下的面积(AUC0-168小时)以及最大血浆水平的时间(tmax)见下表。
两种药物产品在测试期间都具有足够的皮肤接触。在给药后,聚合物溶液在皮肤上形成透明的、明亮的薄膜,24小时后开始出现裂纹。在3至6天之后,再也看不到膜了。没有观察到皮肤反应。只有贴剂组中的一头动物的皮肤变红,但这可能是贴剂被除去时所造成的。两个组的乙炔雌二醇的血浆水平都具有很大的波动。而且,在成膜制剂组中,最大血浆水平出现的时间点不同。但是,计算得到的浓度-时间曲线下方的表面积,成膜制剂组要大于贴剂组。借助于成膜聚合物溶液,可在猪中获得活体的可测量的乙炔雌二醇血浆水平,且所述水平具有高于贴剂组中的血浆水平的趋势。
附图说明:
图1/8[实施例3]示出含(实心正方形)和不含(实心三角形)渗透促进剂的本发明的药物制剂,与乙醇溶液(空心正方形)的活性成分渗透性(乙炔雌二醇)对比实验的结果。
图2/8[实施例4]示出含(实心正方形)和不含(实心三角形)渗透促进剂的本发明的药物制剂与避孕贴剂(空心正方形)的活性成分渗透性(乙炔雌二醇)对比实验的结果。
图3/8[实施例5]示出含聚合物DynamX(实心三角形)的本发明的药物制剂、含其他聚合物的聚合物体系以及乙醇溶液(空心圆形)的活性成分渗透性(乙炔雌二醇)对比实验的结果,所述其他聚合物如Klucel LF(=羟丙基纤维素,空心正方形)、SGM 36(=硅橡胶,实心正方形)和Eudragit RL PO(=甲基丙烯酸共聚物的铵盐,空心三角形)。
图4/8[实施例6]示出含(实心正方形)和不含(实心三角形)渗透促进剂的本发明药物制剂与乙醇溶液(空心正方形)的活性成分渗透性(左炔诺孕酮)对比实验的结果。
图7/8[实施例8]示出成膜聚合物溶液的一次给药后,猪中的乙炔雌二醇的血浆水平(5%乙炔雌二醇溶液)(动物5:▲,动物7:■,动物8:□)。
图8/8[实施例8]示出成膜聚合物溶液的一次给药后,猪中的乙炔雌二醇的血浆水平(5%乙炔雌二醇溶液)(动物6:·)。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.中和的、完全反应的羧化线型聚氨酯的用途,其含有由下述物质构成的反应产物:
(1)一种或更多种2,2-羟甲基取代的羧酸,如式I所示,其中R为氢或C1-C20烷基,其用量以重量计,足以在每克聚氨酯中产生0.35-2.25毫当量的羧基官能度,
[式I]
(2)相对于聚氨酯的重量,10-90wt%的一种或更多种有机化合物,在每种情况下,所述有机化合物都不含有超过两个的活泼氢原子,以及
(3)一种或更多种有机二异氰酸酯,其用量足以与除所述2,2-羟甲基取代羧酸的羧基中氢原子之外的所述2,2-羟甲基取代羧酸和所述有机化合物中的活泼氢原子反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述的毛发护理剂中所用的成膜聚氨酯是聚氨酯-14-AMP-丙烯酸酯共聚物。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项的用途,其中所述聚合物在溶液中的浓度为0.01-40%,优选为5-30%。
5.一种液态药物制剂,其除了含权利要求1~3任一项所述的一种或更多种毛发护理用聚氨酯之外,还含有:
○0.01-30%(w/w)的一种或更多种活性成分,
○0.01-99.98%(w/w)的一种或更多种溶剂,
○任选地,0.01-20%(w/w)的一种或更多种软化剂,
○任选地,0.01-10%(w/w)的一种或更多种保湿剂,
○任选地,0.01-10%(w/w)的一种或更多种乳化剂,和/或
○任选地,0.01-15%(w/w)的一种或更多种渗透促进剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的液态药物制剂,其为溶液、乳液或悬浮液的形式。
7.根据权利要求5或6的液态药物制剂,其用于活性成分的经皮给药。
8.根据权利要求7所述的液态药物制剂,其含有一种或更多种选自以下物质的活性成分:
○雄激素:睾酮及其酯(例如,丙酸睾酮)、7-甲基-11-氟-19-去甲睾酮或7-甲基-19-去甲睾酮;
○雌激素:乙炔雌二醇、炔雌醇甲醚、环戊雌三醇、雌二醇、雌素酮、雌甾烷、雌三醇、雌四醇和马结合雌激素;
○促孕激素:孕酮、己酸羟孕酮、左炔诺孕酮、炔诺肟酯、炔诺酮、屈螺酮、去氢孕酮、诺孕曲明、左旋甲炔诺酮、双烯孕腈、达那唑、炔雌烯醇、依托孕烯、美罗孕酮、奈甾酮和环丙孕酮;
○间位胆碱受体拮抗剂:东莨菪碱、曲司氯铵、噻托溴铵和后马托品;
○前列腺素:地诺前列素、米索前列醇、硫前列酮和前列甲脂;
○以及非那雄胺、雷洛昔芬、尼古丁、催产素、硝化甘油、芬太尼、纳洛酮、丁氨苯丙酮、可乐宁、心得安、美托洛尔、硫氮酮、尼卡地平、卡托普利、硝酸异山梨醇酯、二甲基异山梨醇、他林洛尔、利多卡因、丙哌卡因、安定、咪达唑仑、哌甲酯、甲状旁腺素、罗替戈汀、胰岛素、肝素、羟丁宁、磺胺胍和/或叠氮胸苷;
所述物质包括它们的手性形式和药学上可接受的盐。
9.根据权利要求5或6所述的液态药物制剂,用于活性成分的皮肤给药。
10.根据权利要求9所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自以下物质的活性成分:
○鞣料:儿茶素低聚体、鞣酸与黄烷衍生物的低聚体、苯氧羧酸、五倍子酸及其衍生物的酯化糖;
○防腐剂:洗必太、三氯生和依沙吖啶;
○抗生素:梭链孢酸、红霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、螺旋霉素、二甲胺四环素、氯林可霉素、新霉素B、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡霉素、托普霉素、乙基西梭霉素甲硝哒唑、尼莫唑、硝砜咪唑多粘菌素B、粘菌素、短杆菌素、杆菌肽、莫匹罗星和头孢氨苄;
○抗真菌剂:酮康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B、灰黄霉素、氟康唑、阿莫罗芬、氟胞嘧啶、特比萘芬、萘替芬、环吡司、游霉素、制霉菌素、十一碳烯酸和异康唑;
○局部皮质甾类:醋丙甲泼尼龙、丙酸氯氟美松、莫米松康酸酯、氢化可的松、倍他米松-17-苯甲酸酯、泼尼卡酯、二氟皮甾酮四醇戊酸酯、曲安奈德、安西缩松、去氧米松、氟考龙和氟替卡松;
○局部免疫调节剂(大环内酯):他克莫司和吡美莫司;
○抗组胺剂:氮卓斯汀、非索非那定、左卡巴斯汀、氯雷他定、咪唑斯汀、氯马斯汀、巴米品、西替利嗪、二甲茚啶、甲哌噻庚酮和依美斯汀;
○免疫抑制剂:环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤和麦考酚酸莫酯;
○蒽林:蒽地酚和蒽三酚;
○维生素D3类似物:钙泊三醇和他卡西妥;
○局部类维生素A:维甲酸、异维甲酸、艾维甲酸、阿达帕林和他扎罗汀;
○细胞抑制剂,氨甲喋呤、5-氟尿嘧啶、5-羟基它莫西芬、锌-羟基吡啶硫酮和氟达拉滨;
○UV防护剂,茋衍生物;
○植物提取物,绿茶提取物、积雪草提取物、柳树皮提取物、桦树提取物、茶树油、橄榄叶提取物、芦荟提取物、金盏花提取物、西番莲花提取物、金缕梅提取物、甘菊提取物、落叶冬青叶提取物和甘草根提取物如18β-甘草次酸(Zn组合)或其混合物;以及
○脲、乳酸、富马酸酯、壬二酸、氢醌、过氧化苯甲酰、苯甲酸苄酯、酮丙酸、布洛芬、水杨酸酯、甲氧萘丙酸、环氟拉嗪-Na和盐、酮咯酸、消炎痛、吡氧噻嗪、烟酰胺、邻苯二甲酸二丙酯、氨基吡啉、氟灭酸、甲哌噻庚酮、聚多卡醇、寡核苷酸、si-RNA和核酶、RNA诱饵核苷酸、开糖环鸟苷、喷昔洛韦、疱疹净、曲氟尿苷、阿糖腺苷、曲金刚胺、5-氨基乙酰丙酸、利多卡因、普鲁卡因和辛可卡因;
所述物质包括它们的手性形式和药学上可接受的盐。
11.根据权利要求5~10中任一项的液态药物制剂,其中溶剂所述是与皮肤相容的且具有挥发性。
12.根据权利要求11所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自以下物质的溶剂:
○乙醇,
○异丙醇,
○乙酸乙酯,
○挥发性硅氧烷,
○丙酮,或
○水。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的液态药物制剂,其中所述溶剂是含水的溶剂混合物,其中水的含量低于50%(w/w)。
14.根据权利要求5~10中任一项所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自以下物质的软化剂:
○柠檬酸三乙酯,
○柠檬酸三丁酯,
○柠檬酸乙酰基三乙酯,
○柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯,
○三醋精,
○邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,
○癸二酸二丁酯,
○邻苯二甲酸二乙酯,
○丙二醇,
○聚乙二醇,
○甘油,或
○蓖麻油。
15.根据权利要求5~10中任一项所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自如下物质的保湿剂:
○甘油,
○山梨糖醇,
○丙二醇,
○聚乙二醇,或
○聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
16.根据权利要求5~10中任一项所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自如下物质的乳化剂:
○月桂基硫酸钠,
○十六烷基硬脂基硫酸钠,
○脂肪酸甘油酯,
○卵磷脂,
○脂肪醇,
○胆固醇,
○脂肪酸脱水山梨糖醇酯,
○聚氧化乙烯脂肪酸酯,
○聚氧化乙烯脂肪酸甘油酯,或
○聚氧化乙烯脂肪醇醚。
17.根据权利要求5~10中任一项所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自如下物质的渗透促进剂:
○亚砜,
○萜烯或精油,
○油酸,
○油醇,
○月桂酸,
○丙二醇,
○碳酸亚丙酯,
○N-甲基吡咯烷酮,或
○肉豆蔻酸异丙酯。
18.根据权利要求17所述的药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自以下物质的渗透促进剂:
○油酸,
○R-(+)-柠檬烯,
○肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,特别是肉豆蔻酸单异丙酯,
○油酸和丙二醇的组合,优选比例为1∶1,或
○R-(+)-柠檬烯与丙二醇,优选比例为1∶1,或
○肉豆蔻酸异丙酯与丙二醇。
19.根据权利要求5~18中任一项所述的液态药物制剂,其中所述液态药物制剂可被喷雾,并且任选地还含有抛射剂。
20.含有权利要求5~19中任一项所述的液态药物制剂的施用器,特别是滚轴、泵喷器、喷雾器、管、刷瓶或吸液瓶形式的施用器。
21.一种用于活性成分的皮肤或经皮给药的柔性的、易于附着的、不粘的、化妆上不易察觉的贴剂,其可以通过将权利要求5~18中任一项所述的药物制剂施加到皮肤上,然后使溶剂蒸发而得到。
22.权利要求21所述的贴剂,其中水蒸气透过率大于0.05g·cm-2·24h-1。
Claims (26)
1.毛发护理剂中所用的成膜聚氨酯的用途,其中将这些聚氨酯相互混合或与其他聚合物混合的混合物或者氨基甲酸酯与其他单体的共聚物用于药物制剂中,所述药物制剂用于活性成分的皮肤或经皮给药。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于所述的毛发护理剂中所用的成膜混合物或共聚物是聚氨酯与丙烯酸酯的混合物或共聚物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述的毛发护理剂中所用的成膜聚氨酯选自:
○聚氨酯-1,
○聚氨酯-14和AMP-丙烯酸酯共聚物,
○聚氨酯-2,
○聚氨酯-4,
○聚丙二醇-17/异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯/二甲基丙酸共聚物,
○聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮/聚氨基甲酰/聚乙二醇酯,
○聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮/甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯/聚氨基甲酰/聚乙二醇酯,
○聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/丙烯酸聚二甲基硅氧烷基酯/聚氨基甲酰/聚乙二醇酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述的毛发护理剂中所用的成膜聚氨酯是任选地被中和的、完全反应的羧化线型聚氨酯,其含有由下述物质构成的反应产物:
(1)一种或更多种2,2-羟甲基取代的羧酸,如式I所示,其中R为氢或C1-C20烷基,其用量以重量计,足以在每克聚氨酯中产生0.35-2.25毫当量的羧基官能度,
[式I]
(2)相对于聚氨酯的重量,10-90wt%的一种或更多种有机化合物,在每种情况下,所述有机化合物都不含有超过两个的活泼氢原子,以及
(3)一种或更多种有机二异氰酸酯,其用量足以与除所述2,2-羟甲基取代羧酸的羧基中氢原子之外的所述2,2-羟甲基取代羧酸和所述有机化合物中的活泼氢原子反应。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用途,其中所述的毛发护理剂中所用的成膜聚氨酯是聚氨酯-14-AMP-丙烯酸酯共聚物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述的毛发护理剂中所用的成膜聚氨酯是聚氨酯-14-AMP-丙烯酸酯共聚物
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项的用途,其中所述聚合物在溶液中的浓度为0.01-40%,优选为5-30%。
8.一种液态药物制剂,其除了含权利要求1~5任一项所述的一种或更多种毛发护理用聚氨酯之外,还含有:
○0.01-30%(w/w)的一种或更多种活性成分,
○0.01-99.98%(w/w)的一种或更多种溶剂,
○任选地,0.01-20%(w/w)的一种或更多种软化剂,
○任选地,0.01-10%(w/w)的一种或更多种保湿剂,
○任选地,0.01-10%(w/w)的一种或更多种乳化剂,和/或
○任选地,0.01-15%(w/w)的一种或更多种渗透促进剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的液态药物制剂,其为溶液、乳液或悬浮液的形式。
10.根据权利要求8或9的液态药物制剂,其用于活性成分的经皮给药。
11.根据权利要求10所述的液态药物制剂,其含有一种或更多种选自以下物质的活性成分:
○雄激素:睾酮及其酯(例如,丙酸睾酮)、7-甲基-11-氟-19-去甲睾酮或7-甲基-19-去甲睾酮;
○雌激素:乙炔雌二醇、炔雌醇甲醚、环戊雌三醇、雌二醇、雌素酮、雌甾烷、雌三醇、雌四醇和马结合雌激素;
○促孕激素:孕酮、己酸羟孕酮、左炔诺孕酮、炔诺肟酯、炔诺酮、屈螺酮、去氢孕酮、诺孕曲明、左旋甲炔诺酮、双烯孕腈、达那唑、炔雌烯醇、依托孕烯、美罗孕酮、奈甾酮和环丙孕酮;
○间位胆碱受体拮抗剂:东莨菪碱、曲司氯铵、噻托溴铵和后马托品;
○前列腺素:地诺前列素、米索前列醇、硫前列酮和前列甲脂;
○以及非那雄胺、雷洛昔芬、尼古丁、催产素、硝化甘油、芬太尼、纳洛酮、丁氨苯丙酮、可乐宁、心得安、美托洛尔、硫氮酮、尼卡地平、卡托普利、硝酸异山梨醇酯、二甲基异山梨醇、他林洛尔、利多卡因、丙哌卡因、安定、咪达唑仑、哌甲酯、甲状旁腺素、罗替戈汀、胰岛素、肝素、羟丁宁、磺胺胍和/或叠氮胸苷;
所述物质包括它们的手性形式和药学上可接受的盐。
12.根据权利要求8或9所述的液态药物制剂,用于活性成分的皮肤给药。
13.根据权利要求12所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自以下物质的活性成分:
○鞣料:儿茶素低聚体、鞣酸与黄烷衍生物的低聚体、苯氧羧酸、五倍子酸及其衍生物的酯化糖;
○防腐剂:洗必太、三氯生和依沙吖啶;
○抗生素:梭链孢酸、红霉素、罗红霉素、克拉霉素、螺旋霉素、二甲胺四环素、氯林可霉素、新霉素B、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡霉素、托普霉素、乙基西梭霉素甲硝哒唑、尼莫唑、硝砜咪唑多粘菌素B、粘菌素、短杆菌素、杆菌肽、莫匹罗星和头孢氨苄;
○抗真菌剂:酮康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B、灰黄霉素、氟康唑、阿莫罗芬、氟胞嘧啶、特比萘芬、萘替芬、环吡司、游霉素、制霉菌素、十一碳烯酸和异康唑;
○局部皮质甾类:醋丙甲泼尼龙、丙酸氯氟美松、莫米松康酸酯、氢化可的松、倍他米松-17-苯甲酸酯、泼尼卡酯、二氟皮甾酮四醇戊酸酯、曲安奈德、安西缩松、去氧米松、氟考龙和氟替卡松;
○局部免疫调节剂(大环内酯):他克莫司和吡美莫司;
○抗组胺剂:氮卓斯汀、非索非那定、左卡巴斯汀、氯雷他定、咪唑斯汀、氯马斯汀、巴米品、西替利嗪、二甲茚啶、甲哌噻庚酮和依美斯汀;
○免疫抑制剂:环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤和麦考酚酸莫酯;
○蒽林:蒽地酚和蒽三酚;
○维生素D3类似物:钙泊三醇和他卡西妥;
○局部类维生素A:维甲酸、异维甲酸、艾维甲酸、阿达帕林和他扎罗汀;
○细胞抑制剂:氨甲喋呤、5-氟尿嘧啶、5-羟基它莫西芬、锌-羟基吡啶硫酮和氟达拉滨;
○UV防护剂:茋衍生物;
○植物提取物:绿茶提取物、积雪草提取物、柳树皮提取物、桦树提取物、茶树油、橄榄叶提取物、芦荟提取物、金盏花提取物、西番莲花提取物、金缕梅提取物、甘菊提取物、落叶冬青叶提取物和甘草根提取物如18β-甘草次酸(Zn组合)或其混合物;以及
○脲、乳酸、富马酸酯、壬二酸、氢醌、过氧化苯甲酰、苯甲酸苄酯、酮丙酸、布洛芬、水杨酸酯、甲氧萘丙酸、环氟拉嗪-Na和盐、酮咯酸、消炎痛、吡氧噻嗪、烟酰胺、邻苯二甲酸二丙酯、氨基吡啉、氟灭酸、甲哌噻庚酮、聚多卡醇、寡核苷酸、si-RNA和核酶、RNA诱饵核苷酸、开糖环鸟苷、喷昔洛韦、疱疹净、曲氟尿苷、阿糖腺苷、曲金刚胺、5-氨基乙酰丙酸、利多卡因、普鲁卡因和辛可卡因;
所述物质包括它们的手性形式和药学上可接受的盐。
14.根据权利要求8~13中任一项的液态药物制剂,其中所述溶剂是与皮肤相容的且具有挥发性。
15.根据权利要求14所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自以下物质的溶剂:
○乙醇,
○异丙醇,
○乙酸乙酯,
○挥发性硅氧烷,
○丙酮,或
○水。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的液态药物制剂,其中所述溶剂是含水的溶剂混合物,其中水的含量低于50%(w/w)。
17.根据权利要求8~13中任一项所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自以下物质的软化剂:
○柠檬酸三乙酯,
○柠檬酸三丁酯,
○柠檬酸乙酰基三乙酯,
○柠檬酸乙酰基三丁酯,
○三醋精,
○邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,
○癸二酸二丁酯,
○邻苯二甲酸二乙酯,
○丙二醇,
○聚乙二醇,
○甘油,或
○蓖麻油。
18.根据权利要求8~13中任一项所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自如下物质的保湿剂:
○甘油,
○山梨糖醇,
○丙二醇,
○聚乙二醇,或
○聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮。
19.根据权利要求8~13中任一项所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自如下物质的乳化剂:
○月桂基硫酸钠,
○十六烷基硬脂基硫酸钠,
○脂肪酸甘油酯,
○卵磷脂,
○脂肪醇,
○胆固醇,
○脂肪酸脱水山梨糖醇酯,
○聚氧化乙烯脂肪酸酯,
○聚氧化乙烯脂肪酸甘油酯,或
○聚氧化乙烯脂肪醇醚。
20.根据权利要求8~13中任一项所述的液态药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自如下物质的渗透促进剂:
○月桂氮酮,
○亚砜,
○萜烯或精油,
○油酸,
○油醇,
○月桂酸,
○丙二醇,
○碳酸亚丙酯,
○N-甲基吡咯烷酮,或
○肉豆蔻酸异丙酯。
21.根据权利要求20所述的药物制剂,含有一种或更多种选自以下物质的渗透促进剂:
○油酸,
○R-(+)-柠檬烯,
○肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,特别是肉豆蔻酸单异丙酯,
○油酸和丙二醇的组合,优选比例为1∶1,或
○R-(+)-柠檬烯与丙二醇,优选比例为1∶1,或
○肉豆蔻酸异丙酯与丙二醇。
22.根据权利要求8~21中任一项所述的液态药物制剂,其中所述液态药物制剂可被喷雾,并且任选地还含有抛射剂。
23.含有权利要求8~22中任一项所述的液态药物制剂的施用器,特别是滚轴、泵喷器、喷雾器、管、刷瓶或吸液瓶形式的施用器。
24.一种用于活性成分的皮肤或经皮给药的柔性的、易于附着的、不粘的、化妆上不易察觉的贴剂,其可以通过将权利要求7~21中任一项所述的药物制剂施加到皮肤上,然后使溶剂蒸发而得到。
25.权利要求24所述的贴剂,其中水蒸气透过率大于0.05g·cm-2·24h-1。
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EP05090347A EP1800671A1 (de) | 2005-12-23 | 2005-12-23 | Verwendung filmbildender Haarpflegepolymere und diese Polymere enthaltenden pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen und Pflaster |
EP05090347.5 | 2005-12-23 | ||
EP06090023 | 2006-02-03 | ||
EP06090023.0 | 2006-02-03 | ||
PCT/EP2006/012635 WO2007077029A1 (de) | 2005-12-23 | 2006-12-19 | Verwendung filmbildender haarpflegepolymere aus der gruppe der polyurethane und diese polymere enthaltende pharmazeutische zubereitungen und pflaster |
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Cited By (8)
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CN104427973A (zh) * | 2012-07-06 | 2015-03-18 | 利奥制药有限公司 | 用于递送活性成分至皮肤的包含成膜聚合物的局部组合物 |
CN106478957A (zh) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-03-08 | 温州大学 | 角蛋白接枝水性聚氨酯聚合物皮革复鞣填充材料的制备方法 |
CN107405298A (zh) * | 2014-12-23 | 2017-11-28 | 史蒂文·霍夫曼 | 经皮制剂 |
CN108853312A (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-11-23 | 陕西天宇制药有限公司 | 聚桂醇外用凝胶及其制备方法 |
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CN115010718A (zh) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-09-06 | 北京石油化工学院 | 一种聚合离子液体催化山梨醇脱水制备异山梨醇的方法 |
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US4997643A (en) * | 1989-07-12 | 1991-03-05 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Polymeric salt delivery systems |
EP0619111B2 (en) | 1993-04-06 | 2005-09-14 | National Starch and Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Use of polyurethanes with carboxylate functionality for hair fixative applications |
EP0804151B1 (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 2002-09-11 | Macrochem Corporation | Lipophilic and amphiphilic film-forming polymer compositions, and use thereof in topical agents delivery system and method of delivering agents to the skin |
US6203812B1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2001-03-20 | Hydromer, Inc. | Hydrophilic polymer blends used to prevent cow skin infections |
HUP0105336A3 (en) | 1999-02-05 | 2004-06-28 | Cipla Ltd Mumbai | Topical spray compositions |
FR2823118B1 (fr) * | 2001-04-04 | 2004-03-19 | Lavipharm Lab Inc | Nouvelle composition filmogene a usage topique et son utilisation pour la delivrance d'agents actifs |
CA2444781A1 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-17 | Rolf C. Hagen Inc. | Topical gel matrix |
-
2005
- 2005-12-23 EP EP05090347A patent/EP1800671A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-12-19 CN CN200680048714.3A patent/CN101346134B/zh active Active
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CN115103666A (zh) * | 2020-02-11 | 2022-09-23 | 塔罗制药工业有限公司 | 包含去羟米松和他扎罗汀的组合物 |
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CN101346134B (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
EP1800671A1 (de) | 2007-06-27 |
ZA200805027B (en) | 2009-03-25 |
ES2350003T3 (es) | 2011-01-14 |
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