CN112079730B - 一种含氮化合物以及使用其的电子元件和电子装置 - Google Patents
一种含氮化合物以及使用其的电子元件和电子装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112079730B CN112079730B CN202011027434.2A CN202011027434A CN112079730B CN 112079730 B CN112079730 B CN 112079730B CN 202011027434 A CN202011027434 A CN 202011027434A CN 112079730 B CN112079730 B CN 112079730B
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- -1 Nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- CPPKAGUPTKIMNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanogen fluoride Chemical compound FC#N CPPKAGUPTKIMNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 52
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 33
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 41
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 34
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- QWXYZCJEXYQNEI-OSZHWHEXSA-N intermediate I Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@]1(C=O)[C@H]2CC=[N+](C\C2=C\C)CCc2c1[nH]c1ccccc21 QWXYZCJEXYQNEI-OSZHWHEXSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIRHKGBNGGSCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-iodobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1I OIRHKGBNGGSCGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCCUXODGPMAHRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-iodobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(I)C=C1 UCCUXODGPMAHRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylthiophene Chemical compound CC=1C=CSC=1 QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001090 Polyaminopropyl biguanide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 101100311330 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) uap56 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYKFYARMMIESOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantanone Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1C(=O)C2C3 IYKFYARMMIESOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004431 deuterium atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004988 dibenzothienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=C(C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150018444 sub2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N (3S,8S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-isoquinolin-7-yl-N,N,10,13-tetramethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-amine Chemical compound CN(C)[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)C3CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@H]4c4ccc5ccncc5c4)[C@@H]3CC=C2C1 IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000284156 Clerodendrum quadriloculare Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical group C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940058303 antinematodal benzimidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical class C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000499 benzofuranyl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- UNXISIRQWPTTSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-diol Chemical compound [B].[B].CC(C)(O)C(C)(C)O UNXISIRQWPTTSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本申请属于有机发光材料技术领域,具体提供一种含氮化合物以及使用其的电子元件和电子装置。
背景技术
随着电子技术的发展和材料科学的进步,用于实现电致发光或者光电转化的电子元器件的应用范围越来越广泛。该类电子元器件通常包括相对设置的阴极和阳极,以及设置于阴极和阳极之间的功能层。该功能层由多层有机或者无机膜层组成,且一般包括能量转化层、位于能量转化层与阳极之间的空穴传输层、位于能量转化层与阴极之间的电子传输层。
以有机电致发光器件为例,其一般包括依次层叠设置的阳极、空穴传输层、作为能量转化层的电致发光层、电子传输层和阴极。当阴阳两极施加电压时,两电极产生电场,在电场的作用下,阴极侧的电子向电致发光层移动,阳极侧的空穴也向发光层移动,电子和空穴在电致发光层结合形成激子,激子处于激发态向外释放能量,进而使得电致发光层对外发光。
目前,有机电致发光器件在高温下驱动时会出现工作电压上升、发光效率降低和寿命缩短等问题,导致有机电致发光器件的性能下降。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本申请的目的在于提供一种含氮化合物以及使用其的电子元件和电子装置,该含氮化合物可用于有机电致发光器件中,提高有机电致发光器件的性能。
为了实现上述目的,本申请第一方面提供一种含氮化合物,所述含氮化合物具有式1所示的结构:
其中,L1、L2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自取代或未取代的亚苯基;m和n分别为L1和L2的个数,m和n分别独立地选自0和1,且m和n不同时为0;
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3和Ar4相同或不同,且分别独立地选自碳原子数为6-30的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3-30的取代或未取代的杂芳基;
R1和R2彼此相同或不同,且分别独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3-10的环烷基、碳原子数为6-20的芳基、碳原子数为3-18的杂芳基、碳原子数为3-12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-10的烷硫基;
n1和n2分别表示R1和R2的个数;n1选自0、1、2、3或4,当n1大于1时,任意两个R1相同或者不相同;n2选自0、1或2,当nb为2时,任意两个R2相同或者不相同;
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4中的取代基彼此相同或不同,各自独立地选自:氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3-18的杂芳基、碳原子数为6-20的芳基、碳原子数为3-12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3-10的环烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-10的烷硫基;
L1、L2中的取代基彼此相同或不同,各自独立地选自:氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3-6的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为1-4的卤代烷基、碳原子数为1-4的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-4的烷硫基。
本申请第二方面提供一种电子元件,包括相对设置的阳极和阴极,以及设于所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层;所述功能层包含本申请第一方面所述的含氮化合物。
本申请第三方面提供一种电子装置,所述电子装置包括本申请第二方面所述的电子元件。
本申请提供的含氮化合物中,两个三芳基胺基团与金刚烷螺合的芴基类母核结合,一方面,三芳基胺类位于芴基同一侧的环上,分子不对称性增加;该种结合方式使材料在保持高的空穴迁移率的同时,具有极佳的抑制材料结晶的性能,将该类材料用于有机电致发光器件的空穴传输层时,能够形成均一稳定的膜状态,有利于空穴的注入,所述含氮化合物应用到器件中能降低器件的驱动电压,并使器件具有长的寿命。进一步地,两个三芳基胺基团中的至少一个与母核之间通过苯环类简单亚芳基连接,还提高了器件的发光效率。
本申请的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
图1是本申请一种实施方式的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图。
图2是本申请一种实施方式的第一电子装置的结构示意图。
图3是本申请一种实施方式的光电转化器件的结构示意图。
图4是本申请一种实施方式的第二电子装置的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
100、阳极;200、阴极;300、功能层;310、空穴注入层;320、空穴传输层;321、第一空穴传输层;322、第二空穴传输层;330、有机发光层;340、电子传输层;350、电子注入层;360、光电转化层;400、第一电子装置;500、第二电子装置。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本申请,并不用于限制本申请。
第一方面,本申请提供一种含氮化合物,所述含氮化合物具有式1所示的结构:
其中,L1、L2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自取代或未取代的亚苯基;m和n分别为L1和L2的个数,m和n分别独立地选自0和1,且m和n不同时为0;
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3和Ar4相同或不同,且分别独立地选自碳原子数为6-30的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3-30的取代或未取代的杂芳基;
R1和R2彼此相同或不同,且分别独立地选自氘、氰基、卤素基团、碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3-10的环烷基、碳原子数为6-20的芳基、碳原子数为3-18的杂芳基、碳原子数为3-12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-10的烷硫基;
n1和n2分别表示R1和R2的个数;n1选自0、1、2、3或4,当n1大于1时,任意两个R1相同或者不相同;n2选自0、1或2,当n2为2时,任意两个R2相同或者不相同;
Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4中的取代基彼此相同或不同,各自独立地选自:氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3-18的杂芳基、碳原子数为6-20的芳基、碳原子数为3-12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1-10的烷基、碳原子数为1-10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3-10的环烷基、碳原子数为1-10的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-10的烷硫基;
L1、L2中的取代基彼此相同或不同,各自独立地选自:氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为3-6的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为1-4的卤代烷基、碳原子数为1-4的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-4的烷硫基。
在本申请中,所采用的描述方式“各……独立地为”与“……分别独立地为”和“……独立地选自”可以互换,均应做广义理解,其既可以是指在不同基团中,相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响,也可以表示在相同的基团中,相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响。例如,“其中,各q独立地为0、1、2或3,各R”独立地选自氢、氘、氟、氯”,其含义是:式Q-1表示苯环上有q个取代基R”,各个R”可以相同也可以不同,每个R”的选项之间互不影响;式Q-2表示联苯的每一个苯环上有q个取代基R”,两个苯环上的R”取代基的个数q可以相同或不同,各个R”可以相同也可以不同,每个R”的选项之间互不影响。
在本申请中,“取代或未取代的”这样的术语是指,在该术语后面记载的官能团可以具有或不具有取代基(下文为了便于描述,将取代基统称为Rs)。例如,“取代或未取代的芳基”是指具有取代基Rs的芳基或者非取代的芳基。其中上述的取代基即Rs例如可以为氘、卤素基团、氰基、杂芳基、芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、烷氧基等;当同一个原子上连接有两个取代基Rs时,这两个取代基Rs可以独立地存在或者相互连接以与其所共同连接的原子形成环;当官能团上存在两个相邻的取代基Rs时,相邻的两个取代基Rs可以独立地存在或者与其所连接的官能团稠合成环。
在本申请中,取代或未取代的基团的碳原子数,指的是所有碳原子数。举例而言,若L1选自碳原子数为12的取代的亚苯基,则亚苯基及其上的取代基的所有碳原子数为12。
在本申请中,芳基指的是衍生自芳香碳环的任选官能团或取代基。芳基可以是单环芳基(例如苯基)或多环芳基,换言之,芳基可以是单环芳基、稠环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个单环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的单环芳基和稠环芳基、通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个稠环芳基。即,除非另有说明,通过碳碳键共轭连接的两个或者更多个芳香基团也可以视为本申请的芳基。其中,稠环芳基例如可以包括双环稠合芳基(例如萘基)、三环稠合芳基(例如菲基、芴基、蒽基)等。芳基中不含有B、N、O、S、P、Se和Si等杂原子。举例而言,在本申请中,联苯基、三联苯基等为芳基。芳基的实例可以包括但不限于,苯基、萘基、芴基、蒽基、菲基、联苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基、五联苯基、苯并[9,10]菲基、芘基、苯并荧蒽基、基等。本申请中,涉及的亚芳基是指芳基进一步失去一个氢原子所形成的二价基团。
在本申请中,取代的芳基可以是芳基中的一个或者两个以上氢原子被诸如氘原子、卤素基团、氰基、芳基、杂芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基等基团取代。杂芳基取代的芳基的具体实例包括但不限于,二苯并呋喃基取代的苯基、二苯并噻吩取代的苯基、吡啶取代的苯基、咔唑基取代的苯基等。应当理解地是,取代的芳基的碳原子数,指的是芳基和芳基上的取代基的碳原子总数,例如碳原子数为18的取代的芳基,指的是芳基和取代基的总碳原子数为18。
在本申请中,杂芳基是指环中包含至少一个杂原子的一价芳香环或其衍生物,杂原子可以是B、O、N、P、Si、Se和S中的至少一种。杂芳基可以是单环杂芳基或多环杂芳基,换言之,杂芳基可以是单个芳香环体系,也可以是通过碳碳键共轭连接的多个芳香环体系,且任一芳香环体系为一个芳香单环或者一个芳香稠环。示例地,杂芳基可以包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、联吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、吖啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、吩噁嗪基、酞嗪基、吡啶并嘧啶基、吡啶并吡嗪基、吡嗪并吡嗪基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并咔唑基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、噻吩并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、菲咯啉基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基、苯并噻唑基、吩噻嗪基、硅芴基、二苯并呋喃基以及N-芳基咔唑基(如N-苯基咔唑基)、N-杂芳基咔唑基(如N-吡啶基咔唑基)、N-烷基咔唑基(如N-甲基咔唑基)等,而不限于此。其中,噻吩基、呋喃基、菲咯啉基等为单个芳香环体系类型的杂芳基,N-芳基咔唑基、N-杂芳基咔唑基为通过碳碳键共轭连接的多环体系类型的杂芳基。本申请中,涉及的亚杂芳基是指杂芳基进一步失去一个氢原子所形成的二价基团。
在本申请中,取代的杂芳基可以是杂芳基中的一个或者两个以上氢原子被诸如氘原子、卤素基团、氰基、芳基、杂芳基、三烷基硅基、烷基、环烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基等基团取代。芳基取代的杂芳基的具体实例包括但不限于,苯基取代的二苯并呋喃基、苯基取代的二苯并噻吩基、苯基取代的吡啶基等。应当理解地是,取代的杂芳基的碳原子数,指的是杂芳基和杂芳基上的取代基的碳原子总数。
在本申请中,表述“任意两个相邻的取代基形成环”中,“任意两个相邻”可以包括同一个原子上具有两个取代基,还可以包括两个相邻的原子上分别具有一个取代基;其中,当同一个原子上具有两个取代基时,两个取代基可以与其共同连接的该原子形成饱和或不饱和的环(例如5~18元的饱和或不饱和的环);当两个相邻的原子上分别具有一个取代基,这两个取代基可以稠合成环。
举例而言,如下式(f)中所示地,式(f)所表示的萘基通过两个贯穿双环的不定位连接键与分子其他位置连接,其所表示的含义,包括如式(f-1)~式(f-10)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
再举例而言,如下式(X')中所示地,式(X')所表示的菲基通过一个从一侧苯环中间伸出的不定位连接键与分子其他位置连接,其所表示的含义,包括如式(X'-1)~式(X'-4)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
本申请中的不定位取代基,指的是通过一个从环体系中央伸出的单键连接的取代基,其表示该取代基可以连接在该环体系中的任何可能位置。例如,如下式(Y)中所示地,式(Y)所表示的取代基R'通过一个不定位连接键与喹啉环连接,其所表示的含义,包括如式(Y-1)~式(Y-7)所示出的任一可能的连接方式。
在本申请中,碳原子数为1-10的烷基可以包括碳原子数为1-10的直链烷基和碳原子数为3-10的支链烷基。碳原子数例如可以为1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10。碳原子数为1-10的烷基的具体实例包括但不限于,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、环戊基、正己基、庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、3,7-二甲基辛基等。
在本申请中,卤素基团可以包括氟、溴、氯、碘等。
本申请中,作为取代基的芳基的碳原子数为6-20,碳原子数例如可以为6、10、12、14、18等。作为取代基的芳基的具体实例包括但不限于,苯基、萘基、联苯基、蒽基、菲基等。
本申请中,作为取代基的杂芳基的碳原子数为3-18,碳原子数例如可以为3、4、5、7、8、9、12、18等。作为取代基的杂芳基的具体实例包括但不限于,吡啶基、喹啉基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、咔唑基、N-苯基咔唑基等。
在本申请中,三烷基硅基的具体实例包括但不限于,三甲基硅基、三乙基硅基等。
在本申请中,碳原子数为3-10的环烷基的具体实例包括但不限于,环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基等。
可选地,L1、L2中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、三甲基硅基、三氟甲基、甲氧基、甲硫基。
可选地,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4分别独立地选自碳原子数为6-25的取代或未取代的芳基、碳原子数为3-20的取代或未取代的杂芳基。例如,Ar1、Ar2、Ar3、Ar4各自独立地选自碳原子数为6、10、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、24、25的取代或未取代的芳基,或者选自碳原子数为5、8、9、12、16、18、20的取代或未取代的杂芳基。
在一些实施方式中,所述Ar1、Ar2、Ar3和Ar4可以各自独立地选自化学式i-1至化学式i-15所示的基团所组成的组:
G1~G5各自独立地选自N或者C(F1),且G1~G5中至少一个选自N;当G1~G5中的两个以上选自C(F1)时,任意两个F1相同或者不相同;
G6~G13各自独立地选自N或者C(F2),且G6~G13中至少一个选自N;当G6~G13中的两个以上选自C(F2)时,任意两个F2相同或者不相同;
G14~G23各自独立地选自N或者C(F3),且G14~G23中至少一个选自N;当G14~G23中的两个以上选自C(F3)时,任意两个F3相同或者不相同;
G24~G33各自独立地选自N或者C(F4),且G24~G33中至少一个选自N;当G24~G33中的两个以上选自C(F4)时,任意两个F4相同或者不相同;
H1选自氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、碳原子数为3~12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1~10的烷基、碳原子数为1~10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3~10的环烷基、碳原子数为1~10的烷氧基、碳原子数为1~10的烷硫基;
H2~H9、H21各自独立地选自:氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、碳原子数为3~12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1~10的烷基、碳原子数为1~10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3~10的环烷基、碳原子数为1~10的烷氧基、碳原子数为1~10的烷硫基、碳原子数为3~18的杂芳基;
H10~H20、F1~F4各自独立地选自:氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、碳原子数为3~12的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为1~10的烷基、碳原子数为1~10的卤代烷基、碳原子数为3~10的环烷基、碳原子数为1~10的烷氧基、碳原子数为1~10的烷硫基、碳原子数为6~18的芳基、碳原子数为3~18的杂芳基;
h1~h21以hk表示,H1~H21以Hk表示,k为变量,表示1~21的任意整数,hk表示取代基Hk的个数;其中,当k选自5或者17时,hk选自1、2或者3;当k选自2、7、8、12、15、16、18或者21时,hk选自1、2、3或者4;当k选自1、3、4、6、9或者14时,hk选自1、2、3、4或者5;当k为13时,hk选自1、2、3、4、5或者6;当k选自10或者19时,hk选自1、2、3、4、5、6或者7;当k为20时,hk选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7或者8;当k为11时,hk选自1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8或9;且当hk大于1时,任意两个Hk相同或者不相同;
K1选自O、S、N(H22)、C(H23H24)、Si(H23H24);其中,H22、H23、H24各自独立地选自:碳原子数为6~18的芳基、碳原子数为3~18的杂芳基、碳原子数为1~10的烷基或碳原子数为3~10的环烷基,或者上述H23和H24相互连接以与它们共同连接的原子形成环;
K2选自单键、O、S、N(H25)、C(H26H27)、Si(H26H27);其中,H25、H26、H27各自独立地选自:碳原子数为6~18的芳基、碳原子数为3~18的杂芳基、碳原子数为1~10的烷基或碳原子数为3~10的环烷基,或者上述H26和H27相互连接以与它们共同连接的原子形成环。
化学式i-12至化学式i-15中,F1至F4可以以Ff表示,其中的f为变量,表示1、2、3或4。举例来讲,当f为2时,Ff是指F2。应当理解地是,当不定位连接键连接到C(Ff)上时,C(Ff)中的Ff不存在。例如,在化学式i-13中,当连接到G12时,G12只能表示C原子,即化学式i-13的结构具体为:
在本申请中,上述H23与H24、上述H26与H27两组中,每组中的两个基团相互连接所形成的环可以是碳原子数为3~15的饱和或不饱和的环。举例来讲,化学式i-10中,当K2和M1均为单键,H19为氢,且K1为C(H23H24)时,H23与H24相互连接以与它们共同连接的原子形成5元环时,化学式i-10即为同样地,化学式i-10也可以代表即H23与H24相互连接以与它们共同连接的原子形成部分不饱和的13元环。
可选地,Ar1为取代或者未取代的基团Z1,Ar2为取代或者未取代的基团Z2,Ar3为取代或者未取代的基团Z3,Ar4为取代或者未取代的基团Z4;其中,未取代的基团Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4各自独立地选自如下基团所组成的组:
取代的基团Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4各自独立地具有一个或者两个以上取代基,且取代基独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为3-10的环烷基、碳原子数为1-4的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-4的烷硫基、碳原子数为3-7的三烷基硅基、吡啶基;当取代基的数量为两个以上时,任意两个取代基相同或者不相同。
进一步可选地,所述Ar1、Ar2、Ar3和Ar4各自独立地选自以下基团所组成的组:
可选地,R1、R2各自独立地选自:氘、氟、氰基、碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为5-10的环烷基、碳原子数为1-4的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-4的烷硫基、碳原子数为3-7的三烷基硅基、碳原子数为6-15的芳基、碳原子数为5-12的杂芳基。R1、R2的各自的具体实例包括但不限于,氘、氟、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、环戊基、环己基、甲氧基、甲硫基、三甲基硅基、苯基、萘基、吡啶基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基等。
可选地,所述含氮化合物选自以下化合物所组成的组:
本申请对提供的含氮化合物的合成方法没有特别限定,本领域技术人员可以根据本申请的含氮化合物结合合成例部分提供的制备方法确定合适的合成方法。换言之,本发明的合成例部分示例性地提供了含氮化合物的制备方法,所采用的原料可通过商购获得或本领域熟知的方法获得。本领域技术人员可以根据这些示例性的制备方法得到本申请提供的所有含氮化合物,在此不再详述制备该含氮化合物的所有具体制备方法,本领域技术人员不应理解为对本申请的限制。
本申请第二方面提供一种电子元件,包括相对设置的阳极和阴极,以及设置在所述阳极与所述阴极之间的功能层,其中,所述功能层含有本申请第一方面所述的含氮化合物。本申请所提供的含氮化合物可用于电子元件可以用于形成功能层中的至少一个有机膜层,以改善电子元件的性能。
可选地,所述电子元件为有机电致发光器件或光电转化器件。
可选地,功能层包括空穴传输层,空穴传输层包含本申请所提供的含氮化合物。其中,空穴传输层既可以由本申请所提供的含氮化合物组成,也可以由本申请所提供的含氮化合物和其它材料共同组成。所述空穴传输层可以为一层或两层以上。
按照一种实施方式,空穴传输层包括层叠设置的第一空穴传输层和第二空穴传输层,且第一空穴传输层相对第二空穴传输层更靠近阳极的表面;第一空穴传输层和/或第二空穴传输层包含本申请所提供的含氮化合物。换言之,既可以第一空穴传输层和第二空穴传输层中的一层包含本申请所提供的含氮化合物,也可以第一空穴传输层和第二空穴传输层均含有本申请所提供的含氮化合物。可以理解地是,第一空穴传输层、第二空穴传输层还可以含有其他材料,也可以不含有其他材料。
按照一种实施方式,电子元件为有机电致发光器件。如图1所示,有机电致发光器件可以包括依次层叠设置的阳极100、第一空穴传输层321、第二空穴传输层322、作为能量转化层的有机发光层330、电子传输层340和阴极200。
本申请中,阳极100包括阳极材料,其优选是有助于空穴注入至功能层中的具有大逸出功(功函数,work function)材料。阳极材料的具体实例包括但不限于:金属如镍、铂、钒、铬、铜、锌和金或它们的合金;金属氧化物如氧化锌、氧化铟、氧化铟锡(ITO)和氧化铟锌(IZO);组合的金属和氧化物如ZnO:Al或SnO2:Sb;或导电聚合物如聚(3-甲基噻吩)、聚[3,4-(亚乙基-1,2-二氧基)噻吩](PEDT)、聚吡咯和聚苯胺。优选包括包含氧化铟锡(铟锡氧化物,indium tin oxide)(ITO)作为阳极的透明电极。
可选地,第一空穴传输层321包括一种或者多种空穴传输材料,空穴传输材料可以选自咔唑多聚体、咔唑连接三芳胺类化合物或者其他类型的化合物,本申请对此不做特殊的限定。例如,第一空穴传输层321可以由化合物NPB组成。
按照一种具体的实施方式,所述有机电致发光器件为红光器件,所述第二空穴传输层322含有所述含氮化合物。
可选地,有机发光层330可以由单一发光材料组成,也可以包括主体材料和客体材料。一种具体的实施方式中,有机发光层330由主体材料和客体材料组成,注入有机发光层330的空穴和注入有机发光层330的电子可以在有机发光层330复合而形成激子,激子将能量传递给主体材料,主体材料将能量传递给客体材料,进而使得客体材料能够发光。
有机发光层330的主体材料可以为金属螯合类化合物、双苯乙烯基衍生物、芳香族胺衍生物、二苯并呋喃衍生物或者其它类型的材料,本申请对此不做特殊的限制。在本申请的一种实施方式中,有机发光层330的主体材料可以为CBP。
有机发光层330的客体材料可以为具有缩合芳基环的化合物或其衍生物、具有杂芳基环的化合物或其衍生物、芳香族胺衍生物或者其它材料,本申请对此不做特殊的限制。在一种示例性的实施方式中,有机发光层330的客体材料可以为Ir(piq)2(acac)等。
电子传输层340可以为单层结构,也可以为多层结构,其可以包括一种或者多种电子传输材料,电子传输材料可以选自但不限于,苯并咪唑衍生物、恶二唑衍生物、喹喔啉衍生物或者其他电子传输材料。在一种示例性的实施方式中,电子传输层340可以由TPBi和LiQ组成。
本申请中,阴极200可以包括阴极材料,其是有助于电子注入至功能层中的具有小逸出功的材料。阴极材料的具体实例包括但不限于,金属如镁、钙、钠、钾、钛、铟、钇、锂、钆、铝、银、锡和铅或它们的合金;或多层材料如LiF/Al、Liq/Al、LiO2/Al、LiF/Ca、LiF/Al和BaF2/Ca。优选包括包含镁和银的金属电极作为阴极。
可选地,如图1所示,在阳极100和第一空穴传输层321之间还可以设置有空穴注入层310,以增强向第一空穴传输层321注入空穴的能力。空穴注入层310可以选用联苯胺衍生物、星爆状芳基胺类化合物、酞菁衍生物或者其它材料,本申请对此不做特殊的限制。例如,空穴注入层310可以由HAT-CN组成。
可选地,如图1所示,在阴极200和电子传输层340之间还可以设置有电子注入层350,以增强向电子传输层340注入电子的能力。电子注入层350可以包括有碱金属硫化物、碱金属卤化物等无机材料,或者可以包括碱金属与有机物的络合物。例如,电子注入层350可以包括LiQ。
按照另一种实施方式,电子元件可以为光电转化器件。如图3所示,该光电转化器件可以包括相对设置的阳极100和阴极200,以及设于阳极100和阴极200之间的功能层300;功能层300包含本申请所提供的含氮化合物。
按照一种示例性实施方式,如图3所示,所述功能层300包括空穴传输层320,所述空穴传输层320包含本申请的含氮化合物。其中,空穴传输层320既可以为本申请所提供的含氮化合物组成,也可以由本申请所提供的含氮化合物和其他材料共同组成。
可选地,空穴传输层320还可以包括无机掺杂材料,以提高空穴传输层320的空穴传输性能。
按照一种具体的实施方式,如图3所示,光电转化器件可包括依次层叠设置的阳极100、空穴传输层320、光电转化层360、电子传输层340和阴极200。
可选地,光电转化器件可以为太阳能电池,尤其是可以为有机薄膜太阳能电池。举例而言,在本申请的一种实施方式中,太阳能电池可以包括依次层叠设置的阳极、空穴传输层、光电转化层、电子传输层和阴极,其中,空穴传输层包含有本申请的含氮化合物。
可选地,功能层300包括空穴传输层320,空穴传输层320包含本申请所提供的含氮化合物。所述空穴传输层320可以由本申请所提供的含氮化合物组成,也可以由本申请所提供的化合物和其它材料共同组成。
本申请第三方面提供一种电子装置,该电子装置包含本申请第二方面所述的电子元件。
按照一种实施方式,如图2所示,所述电子装置为第一电子装置400,该第一电子装置400包括上述有机电致发光器件。第一电子装置400例如可以为显示装置、照明装置、光通讯装置或者其他类型的电子装置,例如可以包括但不限于电脑屏幕、手机屏幕、电视机、电子纸、应急照明灯、光模块等。
按照另一种实施方式,如图4所示,所述电子装置为第二电子装置500,第二电子装置500包括上述光电转化器件。第二电子装置500例如可以为太阳能发电设备、光检测器、指纹识别设备、光模块、CCD相机或则其他类型的电子装置。
下面结合合成例和实施例来说明本申请的含氮化合物及其应用。除非另有说明,所采用的原料、材料均可通过商购获得,或者本领域熟知的方法获得。
合成例用于说明本申请的含氮化合物的合成。
1、中间体I的合成
各中间体I包括中间体a至中间体h,具体结构如下文所示。
中间体I的合成路线为:
其中,R1和R2的定义如上文所述。
下面以中间体e为例说明中间体I的合成。
将原料sub1(46.7g,165.08mmol),原料sub 2(30g,157.22mmol),无水碳酸钾(47g,345.89mmol)TBAB(10.13g,31.44mmol),加入到甲苯(373.6mL)、乙醇(93.4mL)和水(93.4mL)的混合溶液中,缓慢升温至50℃,加入四(三苯基磷)钯(1.82g,1.57mmol),升温至回流,16h后反应完全,将反应液降至室温后水洗反应液至中性,后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液减压除去溶剂;使用甲苯/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶,得到固体中间体int A1(36.4g,收率为76.7%)。
将int A1(36.4g,120.53mmol)加入THF(364mL)中,在氮气保护下将体系降温至-90℃,滴加n-BuLi(120.53mL,301.33mmol,2.5M/L),3h滴加完毕,保温反应1h后,滴加2-金刚烷酮(14.18g,96.42mmol,70mL THF)的THF溶液,40min滴加完全,保温反应1h后,自然升温至室温,加入500mL水,用1L二氯甲烷萃取,水洗至中性,之后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液减压除去溶剂;使用正庚烷对粗品进行过柱提纯,得到固体,即中间体int A2(30.6g,收率为68.01%)。
将int A2(30.6g,81.97mmol),加入冰醋酸(306mL)中,氮气保下,缓慢滴加浓硫酸(98wt%,8.19mmol),滴加完成后,有大量固体生成,缓慢升温至65℃,保温反应1h后,反应完全。将反应液降至室温后过滤,以二氯甲烷溶解,水洗至中性,之后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶,得到固体中间体e(24g,收率为82.41%)。
参照中间体e的方法合成表1所列的其他中间体I,不同的是,将原料sub1替换为原料I,原料sub2替换为原料II。所采用的主要原料和相应合成的中间体的编号、结构、总收率,如表1所示。
表1
2、中间体II的合成
中间体II的结构和具体编号如下:
中间体II的合成路线包括:
下面以中间体a-1的合成为例进行说明:
将中间体a(30g,84.44mmol),联硼酸频哪醇酯(43.3g,170.56mmol),醋酸钾(33.15g,337.740mmol),加入甲苯(240ml)乙醇(60ml)水(60ml)的混合溶液中,缓慢升温至50℃,加入三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.77g,0.84mmol),加入x-phos(0.81g,1.69mmol),升温至回流8h后反应完全,将反应液降至室温后水洗反应液至中性,后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液减压除去溶剂;使用甲苯/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到固体中间体a1(41.3g,收率为90.86%)。
将中间体a1(30g,55.72mmol),4-溴-碘苯(31.85g,112.56mmol),碳酸钾(30.81g,222.91mmol)加入甲苯(240mL)乙醇(60mL)水(60mL)的混合溶液中,缓慢升温至50℃,加入醋酸钯(0.13g,0.56mmol),加入x-phos(0.53g,1.11mmol),升温至回流,10h后反应完全,将反应液降至室温后水洗反应液至中性,后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液减压除去溶剂;使用甲苯/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到固体中间体a-1(28.6g,收率为86.05%)。
参照中间体a-1的方法合成表2所列的其它中间体II,不同的是,将中间体a调整为各个中间体I,将4-溴-碘苯调整为各个原料III,所采用的主要原料和相应合成的中间体的编号、结构、总收率,如表2所示。
表2
3、中间体III的合成
中间体III包括中间体A至Q,具体结构如下文所示。中间体III可参照如下路线合成如下:
下面以中间体A为例说明中间体III的合成:
将原料sub 3(30g,94.53mmol),原料sub 4(12.32g,78.78mmol),无水碳酸钾(27.18g,196.94mmol),TBAB(四丁基溴化铵,5.08g,15.76mmol)加入到甲苯(240mL)、乙醇(60mL)和水(60mL)的混合溶液中,缓慢升温至50℃,加入四(三苯基磷)钯(0.91g,0.79mmol),升温至回流,16h后反应完全,将反应液降至室温后水洗反应液至中性,后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液减压除去溶剂;使用甲苯/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶,得到固体中间体int A1(17.84g,收率为75.2%)。
将中间体int A1(15g,49.70mmol)加入THF(120mL)中,在氮气保护下将体系降温至-90℃,滴加n-BuLi(59.76mmol,2.5M),30min滴加完毕,保温反应1h后,滴加硼酸三甲酯(6.72g,64.74mmol),20min滴加完全,保温反应1h后,自然升温至室温,加入100mL盐酸水溶液(4.98ml盐酸),随后加入200mL正庚烷,伴随有大量白色固体析出,过滤,水相再次使用正庚烷挤出固体,分液,合并有机相,大量水洗,合并浓缩至干,得到少量固体,合并使用甲苯煮洗,得到中间体int A2(10.77g,收率为81.2%)。
将邻碘溴苯(12.7g,44.96mmol),中间体int A2(10.0g,37.46mmol),无水碳酸钾(12.92g,93.66mmol),TBAB(四丁基溴化铵,2.41g,7.49mmol),加入到甲苯(80mL)、乙醇(20mL)和水(20mL)的混合溶液中,缓慢升温至50℃,加入四(三苯基磷)钯(0.43g,0.37mmol),升温至65℃,16h后反应完全,将反应液降至室温后水洗反应液至中性,后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液减压除去溶剂;使用甲苯/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶,得到固体中间体int A3(11.47g,收率为80.97%)。
将中间体int A3(10g,26.44mmol)加入THF(80mL)中,在氮气保护下将体系降温至-90℃,滴加n-BuLi(31.73mmol,2.5M),10min滴加完毕,保温反应1h后,滴加2-金刚烷酮(3.97g,26.44mmol,15mL THF)的THF溶液,10min滴加完全,保温反应1h后,自然升温至室温,加入500mL水,用1L二氯甲烷萃取,水洗至中性,之后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液减压除去溶剂;使用正庚烷对粗品进行过柱提纯,得到固体中间体int A4(9.27g,收率为78.3%)。
将中间体int A4(9.2g,20.47mmol)加入冰醋酸(72mL)中,氮气保下,缓慢滴加浓硫酸(98wt%,2.4g,24.56mmol),滴加完成后,有大量固体生成,缓慢升温至65℃,保温反应1h后,反应完全。将反应液降至室温后过滤,以二氯甲烷溶解后,水洗至中性,之后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液减压除去溶剂;使用二氯甲烷/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶,得到固体中间体A(7.5g,收率为85.1%)。
参照中间体A的方法合成表3所列的其它中间体III,不同的是,用原料V替换步骤1)的原料sub 3,用原料VI替换步骤1)的原料sub 4,用原料VII替换步骤3)的邻溴碘苯,所采用的主要原料和相应合成的中间体的编号、结构、总收率,如表3所示。
表3
合成例1:化合物1的合成:
将中间体a-1(25g,41.92mmol),二苯胺(14.33g,84.67mmol),三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.38g,0.42mmol),2-二环己基磷-2’,6’-二甲氧基联苯(0.34g,0.84mmol)以及叔丁醇钠(16.11g,167.67mmol)加入甲苯(200mL)中,氮气保护下加热至108℃,搅拌1h;而后冷却至室温,将所得反应液使用水洗至中性后加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤后将滤液通过短硅胶柱,减压除去溶剂;使用甲苯/正庚烷体系对粗品进行重结晶提纯,得到固体化合物1(22.6g,收率为69.7%),质谱m/z=773.4[M+H]+。
合成例2-29
参照化合物1的方法合成表4所列的化合物,不同的是,将中间体a-1调整为各中间体II或III,并将二苯胺调整为原料IV,所采用的主要原料、合成的化合物及其收率以及质谱表征结果如表4所示。
表4
其中,化合物82的核磁数据,1H NMR(400Hz,CD2Cl2):8.20(d,2H),7.89(d,1H),7.78(d,2H),7.56-7.33(m,13H),7.26-7.18(m,8H),6.98(d,2H),6.95-6.91(m,6H),6.89(d,4H),2.84(d,2H),2.73(d,2H),2.16(s,1H),2.13(s,1H),1.96(s,2H),1.75(t,4H),1.48(s,2H).
有机电致发光器件制备及评估实施例
红色有机电致发光器件的制备
实施例1
通过以下过程制备阳极:将ITO厚度为的ITO基板(康宁制造)切割成40mm(长)×40mm(宽)×0.7mm(厚)的尺寸,采用光刻工序,将其制备成具有阴极搭接区域、阳极以及绝缘层图案的实验基板,利用紫外臭氧以及O2:N2等离子进行表面处理,以增加阳极(实验基板)的功函数的和清除浮渣。
然后在第二空穴传输层上蒸镀4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl(简称为“CBP”)作为主体,同时掺杂fac-Ir(ppy)2pc,其中,主体和掺杂剂按照100:3的膜后比形成厚度为的有机电致发光层(EML)。
其中,2T-NATA、PAPB、CBP、Ir(flq)2(acac)、DbimiBphen和CP-1的结构式如下:
实施例2-29
除了在形成第二空穴传输层(HTL2)时各自使用表5中列举的化合物替代实施例1的化合物1以外,利用与实施例1相同的方法制作有机电致发光器件。举例来讲,实施例2采用化合物6制作有机电致发光器件,实施例3采用化合物19制作有机电致发光器件,按此顺序依次制备实施例4~29的器件。
比较例1-3
除了在形成第二空穴传输层(HTL2)时各自使用TPD以及化合物A、化合物B替代实施例1的化合物1之外,利用与实施例1相同的方法制造有机电致发光器件。即,比较例1采用化合物A制作有机电致发光器件,比较例2采用化合物B制作有机电致发光器件,比较例3采用化合物C制作有机电致发光器件。
其中,化合物A、化合物B和化合物C的结构式如下:
对上述实施例1-29和比较例1-3的有机电致发光器件的性能(IVL和寿命)进行分析,结果如表5所示;其中,驱动电压、发光效率、外量子效率、色坐标是在恒定电流密度10mA/cm2下进行测试,T95器件寿命在恒定电流密度20mA/cm2下进行测试。
表5
结合表5所示的结果,相较于比较例1-3,实施例1-29所制备的有机电致发光器件的工作电压至少降低了0.32V,器件的发光效率至少提升了11.4%,T95器件寿命至少提升了13.1%。综上所述,本申请的含氮化合物应用于有机电致发光器件时,能够有效提升有机电致发光器件的寿命和发光效率,并降低有机电致发光器件的工作电压。
Claims (9)
1.一种含氮化合物,其特征在于,所述含氮化合物具有式1所示的结构:
其中,L1、L2相同或不同,且各自独立地选自取代或未取代的亚苯基;m和n分别为L1和L2的个数,m和n分别独立地选自0和1,且m和n不同时为0;
Ar1选自取代或者未取代的基团Z1,或者Ar2选自取代或者未取代的基团Z2,或者Ar3选自取代或者未取代的基团Z3,或者Ar4选自取代或者未取代的基团Z4,或者其中,未取代的基团Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4各自独立地选自如下基团所组成的组:
取代的基团Z1、Z2、Z3和Z4各自独立地具有一个或者两个以上取代基,且取代基独立地选自氘、氰基、氟、碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为3-7的三烷基硅基、吡啶基;
R1、R2各自独立地选自:氘、氟、氰基、碳原子数为1-4的烷基;
n1和n2分别表示R1和R2的个数;n1选自0或1;n2选自0或1;
L1、L2中的取代基彼此相同或不同,各自独立地选自:氘、卤素基团、氰基、碳原子数为1-4的烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含氮化合物,其中,L1、L2中的取代基各自独立地选自氘、氟、氰基、甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、叔丁基。
5.一种电子元件,其特征在于,包括相对设置的阳极和阴极,以及设置在所述阳极和所述阴极之间的功能层;所述功能层包含权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的含氮化合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电子元件,其中,所述功能层包括空穴传输层,所述空穴传输层包含所述含氮化合物。
7.根据权利要求5所述的电子元件,其中,所述电子元件为有机电致发光器件或光电转化器件。
8.根据权利要求6所述的电子元件,其中,所述电子元件为有机电致发光器件,所述空穴传输层包含第一空穴传输层和第二空穴传输层;且第一空穴传输层相对第二空穴传输层更靠近阳极的表面;所述第一空穴传输层和/或所述第二空穴传输层包含所述含氮化合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电子元件,其中,所述有机电致发光器件为红色器件,所述第二空穴传输层含有所述含氮化合物。
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