CN112021477B - 一种赶黄草复合提取物及其制得的赶黄草复合饮料 - Google Patents
一种赶黄草复合提取物及其制得的赶黄草复合饮料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112021477B CN112021477B CN202010949649.3A CN202010949649A CN112021477B CN 112021477 B CN112021477 B CN 112021477B CN 202010949649 A CN202010949649 A CN 202010949649A CN 112021477 B CN112021477 B CN 112021477B
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- penthorum chinense
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种赶黄草复合提取物及其制得的赶黄草复合饮料。具体提供了一种赶黄草复合提取物，它是由包括以下体积份数的提取液混合所得：赶黄草提取液70～90份、枸杞提取液4～20份、葛根提取液3～13份、茯苓提取液1～3份。本发明还提供了一种赶黄草复合饮料，它是由前述赶黄草复合提取物与特定比例的甜味剂、酸味剂和稳定剂混合所得。该赶黄草复合提取物解酒效果优异，可以用来制备各种具有解酒作用的制剂；该赶黄草复合饮料不仅解酒效果优异，而且颜色红棕，香味浓郁，酸甜适宜，无涩味，汁液清亮，久置无沉淀，综合感官评价很好。因此，本发明的赶黄草复合提取物在制备各种具有解酒作用的制剂，以及口感优良的饮料中具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域，具体涉及一种赶黄草复合提取物及其制得的赶黄草复合饮料。
背景技术
赶黄草(PenthorumChinensePursh)，学名扯根菜，又名水泽兰、水杨柳等，是虎耳草科(Saxifragaceae)扯根菜属(PenthorumGronvexl)植物扯根菜的干燥地上部分。赶黄草生长于川黔乌蒙山区，以四川省古蔺县海拔1000米以上地域较为集中，是赶黄草的道地产区。赶黄草为苗族传统药物，民间以其全草入药。其全草性温、味甘、无毒，具有清热解毒、退黄化湿，活血散瘀，利水消肿之功效，现代研究表明赶黄草内含多种有效成份均对肝损伤具保护作用，能恢复肝脏功能，减低饮酒及药物对肝脏的损害，抑制肝纤维化、肝硬化，并对甲肝、乙肝、慢性活动性肝炎具有显著的改善效果。
赶黄草通常以其干燥地上部分入药，可制备成各种不同的产品，如单方制剂肝苏颗粒，直接泡服饮片赶黄草茶，提取制备含赶黄草的饮料。传统含赶黄草饮料制备方法较为简单，将干燥赶黄草和其它药材一起水提，加入矫味剂、防腐剂即可。如专利申请号：201310308755.3，发明名称为“一种解酒护肝保健饮料及其制备方法”的专利申请公开了一种解酒护肝保健饮料及其制备方法，该饮料的制备方法是：将赶黄草4～12份、金银花0.4～4份、枸杞0.6～3份、甘草0.5～3份、薄荷0.3～1.5份和罗汉果0.6～2.4份，分别粉碎至50～80目，混合均匀后加入600～1000份水，于温度70～100℃浸提60～120min。过滤除渣后与3～10份天然蜂蜜和5～10份蔗糖和/或果葡糖浆混合均匀，定容后无菌灌装，获得解酒护肝保健饮料。但是，由于赶黄草味道涩、苦，该解酒护肝保健饮料中虽然添加了大量的辅料，仍然只达到了无异味的程度。
随着人们对饮料口感越来越高的要求，制备出一种辅料含量较少，香味浓郁，酸甜可口，同时具有优异的解酒性能的赶黄草复合饮料具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种赶黄草复合提取物及其制得的赶黄草复合饮料。
本发明提供了一种赶黄草复合提取物，所述赶黄草复合提取物是由包括以下体积份数的提取液混合所得：赶黄草提取液70～90份、枸杞提取液4～20份、葛根提取液3～13份、茯苓提取液1～3份。
进一步地，所述赶黄草复合提取物是由包括以下体积份数的提取液混合所得：赶黄草提取液80～90份、枸杞提取液4～12份、葛根提取液3～9份、茯苓提取液2份；
优选的，所述赶黄草复合提取物是由包括以下体积份数的提取液混合所得：赶黄草提取液80份、枸杞提取液9份、葛根提取液9份、茯苓提取液2份。
进一步地，所述赶黄草提取液是赶黄草的水提物，所述枸杞提取液是枸杞的水提物，所述葛根提取液是葛根的水提物，所述茯苓提取液是茯苓的水提物；所述赶黄草提取液、枸杞提取液、葛根提取液、茯苓提取液的浓度之比以生药计为1:1:1:1。
进一步地，所述赶黄草提取液的制备方法包括以下步骤：取赶黄草，加水浸泡，煎煮，过滤，取滤液，浓缩，加乙醇使体系乙醇浓度达到40～70％，离心，过滤，保留滤液，加水稀释，得到浓度以生药计为7～9g/L的赶黄草提取液；
和/或，所述枸杞提取液的制备方法包括以下步骤：取枸杞，加水浸泡，打浆，过滤，取滤液，加水稀释，得到浓度以生药计为7～9g/L的枸杞提取液；
和/或，所述葛根提取液的制备方法包括以下步骤：取葛根，加水浸泡，煎煮，过滤，取滤液，浓缩，加乙醇使体系乙醇浓度达到40～70％，离心，过滤，保留滤液，加水稀释，得到浓度以生药计为7～9g/L的葛根提取液；
和/或，所述茯苓提取液的制备方法包括以下步骤：取茯苓，加水浸泡，煎煮，过滤，取滤液，浓缩，加乙醇使体系乙醇浓度达到40～70％，离心，过滤，保留滤液，加水稀释，得到浓度以生药计为7～9g/L的茯苓提取液。
进一步地，所述赶黄草提取液的制备方法中，赶黄草与水的重量比为1：(8～12)，优选为1:10；所述浸泡时间为20～40min，优选为30min；所述煎煮的次数为1～3次，优选为2次；所述煎煮的时间为每次20～40min，优选为每次30min；所述浓缩后所得体系的密度为1.10～1.13g/ml；所述加乙醇后体系乙醇浓度为60％；所述赶黄草提取液的浓度以生药计为8g/L；
和/或，所述枸杞提取液的制备方法中，枸杞与水的重量比为1：(8～12)，优选为1:10；所述浸泡时间为20～40min，优选为30min；所述枸杞提取液的浓度以生药计为8g/L；
和/或，所述葛根提取液的制备方法中，葛根与水的重量比为1：(8～12)，优选为1:10；所述浸泡时间为20～40min，优选为30min；所述煎煮的次数为1～3次，优选为2次；所述煎煮的时间为每次20～40min，优选为每次30min；所述浓缩后所得体系的密度为1.10～1.15g/ml；所述加乙醇后体系乙醇浓度为70％；所述葛根提取液的浓度以生药计为8g/L；
和/或，所述茯苓提取液的制备方法中，茯苓与水的重量比为1：(8～12)；所述浸泡时间为20～40min，优选为30min；所述煎煮的次数为1～3次，优选为2次；所述煎煮的时间为每次20～40min，优选为每次30min；所述浓缩后所得体系的密度为1.13～1.17g/ml；所述加乙醇后体系乙醇浓度为40％；所述茯苓提取液的浓度以生药计为8g/L。
本发明还提供了一种解酒的制剂，它是以上述赶黄草复合提取物为活性成分，加上可食用的辅料制得的；所述制剂优选为片剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、汤剂、注射剂或口服液剂。
本发明还提供了上述赶黄草复合提取物在制备解酒的制剂中的用途；优选的，所述解酒的制剂为能够分解酒精的制剂。
本发明还提供了一种赶黄草复合饮料，它是由以下重量份数的原辅料制得的：上述赶黄草复合提取物100份，甜味剂0.05～0.09份，酸味剂0.05～0.25份，稳定剂0.08～0.16份。
进一步地，所述甜味剂选自阿斯巴甜、白糖、砂糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖中的一种或多种，优选为阿斯巴甜；
和/或，所述酸味剂选自柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、醋酸中的一种或多种，优选为柠檬酸；
和/或，所述稳定剂选自果胶、明胶、酪蛋白酸钠、阿拉伯胶、琼脂、海藻酸钠、卡拉胶、黄原胶、β-环状糊精、羧甲基纤维素钠中的一种或多种，优选为果胶。
进一步地，它是由以下重量份数的原辅料制得的：上述赶黄草复合提取物100份，阿斯巴甜0.07份，柠檬酸0.10份，果胶0.12～0.16份；优选的，它是由以下重量份数的原辅料制得的：上述赶黄草复合提取物100份，阿斯巴甜0.07份，柠檬酸0.10份，果胶0.12份。
本发明中，“加乙醇使体系乙醇浓度达到40％～70％”是指加入乙醇后所得体系中，乙醇体积为体系总体积的40％～70％。比如，“加入95％乙醇，至滤液中的乙醇浓度达到60％”是指在滤液中加入95％乙醇，直到体系中乙醇体积为体系总体积的60％。
本发明中，“以生药计”表示根据生药(即未经加工的原料药，如赶黄草、枸杞、葛根、茯苓)投入计算。例如，本发明的赶黄草复合提取物中，所述赶黄草提取液、枸杞提取液、葛根提取液、茯苓提取液的浓度之比以生药计为1:1:1:1是指制备该赶黄草复合提取物时，投入的原料药赶黄草、枸杞、葛根、茯苓的浓度之比为1:1:1:1。
实验结果表明，本发明的赶黄草复合提取物以赶黄草为主要原料，配合枸杞、葛根和茯苓，在本发明特定的调配比例下，所得赶黄草复合提取物中有效成分乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量高，解酒效果优异，能够快速分解酒精，可以用来制备各种具有解酒作用的制剂。
另外，在本发明特定配比的赶黄草复合提取物与辅料下所得的赶黄草复合饮料不仅具有优异的解酒效果，而且颜色红棕，香味浓郁，酸甜适宜，无涩味，汁液清亮，久置无沉淀，综合感官评价很好，商业应用前景广阔。
显然，根据本发明的上述内容，按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段，在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下，还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式，对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本发明所用原料与设备均为已知产品，通过购买市售产品所得。
实施例1：赶黄草复合提取液的制备
(1)制备赶黄草提取液：取净选赶黄草，置于直线往复式切药机切成1-3mm的小段，加水煎煮，第一次加赶黄草10倍重量的水，浸泡30min，煎煮30min；第二次加赶黄草10倍重量的水，煎煮30min，滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至相对密度1.10～1.13g/ml，加入95％乙醇，至滤液中的乙醇浓度达到60％，离心，过滤，滤液回收乙醇，加水稀释即得赶黄草提取液(每L含生药8g)。
(2)制备葛根提取液：取净选葛根，置粉碎机粉碎成直径为1-2mm的颗粒，加水煎煮，第一次加葛根10倍重量的水，浸泡30min，煎煮30min；第二次加葛根10倍重量的水，煎煮30min，滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至相对密度1.10～1.15g/ml，加入95％乙醇，至滤液中的乙醇浓度达到70％，离心，过滤，滤液回收乙醇，加水稀释即得葛根提取液(每L含生药8g)。
(3)制备茯苓提取液：取净选茯苓，置粉碎机粉碎成直径为1-2mm的颗粒，加水煎煮，第一次加茯苓12倍重量的水，浸泡30min，煎煮30min；第二次加茯苓8倍重量的水，煎煮30min，滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至相对密度1.13～1.17g/ml，加入95％乙醇，至滤液中的乙醇浓度达到40％，离心，过滤，滤液回收乙醇，加水稀释即得茯苓提取液(每L含生药8g)。
(4)制备枸杞提取液：取净选枸杞，加入茯苓枸杞10倍重量的水，浸泡30min，打浆，过滤，加水稀释即得枸杞提取液(每L含生药8g)。
(5)取上述制得的赶黄草提取液80ml、枸杞提取液9ml、葛根提取液9ml、茯苓提取液2ml，混合均匀，即得赶黄草复合提取液。
实施例2：赶黄草复合饮料的制备
取实施例1制得的赶黄草复合提取液，添加0.07wt.％的阿斯巴甜、0.10wt.％的柠檬酸和0.12wt.％的果胶，混合均匀，得到赶黄草复合饮料。
以下通过实验例证明本发明的有益效果。
实验例1：本发明赶黄草复合提取液的调配比例筛选
1、实验方法
按照实施例1步骤(1)～(4)的方法分别制备得到赶黄草提取液、枸杞提取液、葛根提取液、茯苓提取液，然后将其按照表1所示的比例调配赶黄草复合提取液。以解酒率及有效成分乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量为评价指标，考察各赶黄草复合提取液的解酒率及有效成分乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量，筛选出最佳调配比例。
(1)解酒率测定方法：参照GB/T5009.48(比重法)，将赶黄草复合提取液与白酒按1：1的比例进行混合，5min后，测定混合后所得混合液的乙醇体积分数，以纯水作为对照，计算赶黄草复合提取液的解酒率。
解酒率(％)＝(白酒乙醇浓度-混合液乙醇浓度)/白酒乙醇浓度×100％
(2)乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷含量的测定方法：
对照品溶液的制备：取乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷对照品适量，精密成定，加60％甲醇制成0.03mg/ml的溶液，即得。
供试品溶液的制备：取待测赶黄草复合提取液5ml，置蒸发皿中水浴干燥，加入60％甲醇20ml溶解，转移至25ml容量瓶中，加入60％甲醇定容至25ml，密塞，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验：以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(AgilentZorbax SB-C18，柱长为25cm，内径为4.6mm，粒径为5μm)；以乙腈为流动相A，以0.2％甲酸溶液为流动相B，梯度洗脱(0～65min 10％～50A；65～70min50％～10％A；70～75min 10％A)；柱温为30℃；流速每分钟为1.0ml；检测波长为280nm。理论塔板数按乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷峰计算应不低于8000。
测定：分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
表1赶黄草复合提取液的调配比例
2、实验结果
表2赶黄草复合饮料评价结果
由评价结果(表2)可知，有效成分乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量随赶黄草复合提取液中赶黄草提取液比例的增加而呈增加趋势。此外，可以看出，组别4的解酒率最高，说明该组的解酒效果较好。
实验表明，组别4的调配比例为最佳调配比例，所得赶黄草复合提取液中有效成分乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量较高，解酒效果最佳，能够快速分解酒精。
实验例2：本发明赶黄草复合饮料的辅料筛选
1、实验方法
按照实施例1的方法制得赶黄草复合提取液，然后按照表4所示重量比例加入辅料(阿斯巴甜、柠檬酸、果胶)，得到各赶黄草复合饮料。
以色泽、风味、滋味及形态为感官评价指标，考察各赶黄草复合饮料的综合感官效果，总分100分。感官评价指标如下：
表3感官评价指标
2、实验结果
表4各组阿斯巴甜、柠檬酸、果胶添加量及所得赶黄草复合饮料的综合感官评价结果
结果如表4所示。可以看出，当添加0.07wt.％的阿斯巴甜、0.10wt.％的柠檬酸和0.12wt.％～0.16wt.％的果胶时，所得赶黄草复合饮料呈红棕色，香味浓郁，酸甜适宜，无涩味，汁液清亮，久置无沉淀；综合评分最高(高达90分)。综合考虑生产成本后，选择以下辅料添加量(组别3-3)为最佳添加比例：0.07wt.％的阿斯巴甜、0.10wt.％的柠檬酸和0.12wt.％的果胶。
综上，本发明提供了一种赶黄草复合提取物及其制得的赶黄草复合饮料。本发明的赶黄草复合提取物是由特定配比的赶黄草提取液、枸杞提取液、葛根提取液、茯苓提取液混合所得，其中有效成分乔松素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量高，解酒效果优异，能够快速分解酒精，可以用来制备各种具有解酒作用的制剂。本发明的赶黄草复合饮料是由前述赶黄草复合提取物与特定配比的辅料混合所得，该赶黄草复合饮料不仅解酒效果优异，而且颜色红棕，香味浓郁，酸甜适宜，无涩味，汁液清亮，久置无沉淀，综合感官评价很好。因此，本发明提供的赶黄草复合提取物在制备各种具有解酒作用的制剂，以及口感优良的饮料中具有广阔的应用前景。
Claims (4)
1.一种赶黄草复合饮料，其特征在于：它是由以下重量份数的原辅料制得的：赶黄草复合提取物100份，阿斯巴甜0.07份，柠檬酸0.10份，果胶0.12份；所述赶黄草复合提取物是由包括以下体积份数的提取液混合所得：赶黄草提取液80份、枸杞提取液9份、葛根提取液9份、茯苓提取液2份；所述赶黄草提取液是赶黄草的水提物，所述枸杞提取液是枸杞的水提物，所述葛根提取液是葛根的水提物，所述茯苓提取液是茯苓的水提物；所述赶黄草提取液、枸杞提取液、葛根提取液、茯苓提取液的浓度之比以生药计为1:1:1:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的赶黄草复合饮料，其特征在于：所述赶黄草提取液的制备方法包括以下步骤：取赶黄草，加水浸泡，煎煮，过滤，取滤液，浓缩，加乙醇使体系乙醇浓度达到40～70％，离心，过滤，保留滤液，加水稀释，得到浓度以生药计为7～9g/L的赶黄草提取液；
和/或，所述枸杞提取液的制备方法包括以下步骤：取枸杞，加水浸泡，打浆，过滤，取滤液，加水稀释，得到浓度以生药计为7～9g/L的枸杞提取液；
和/或，所述葛根提取液的制备方法包括以下步骤：取葛根，加水浸泡，煎煮，过滤，取滤液，浓缩，加乙醇使体系乙醇浓度达到40～70％，离心，过滤，保留滤液，加水稀释，得到浓度以生药计为7～9g/L的葛根提取液；
和/或，所述茯苓提取液的制备方法包括以下步骤：取茯苓，加水浸泡，煎煮，过滤，取滤液，浓缩，加乙醇使体系乙醇浓度达到40～70％，离心，过滤，保留滤液，加水稀释，得到浓度以生药计为7～9g/L的茯苓提取液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的赶黄草复合饮料，其特征在于：所述赶黄草提取液的制备方法中，赶黄草与水的重量比为1：(8～12)；所述浸泡时间为20～40min；所述煎煮的次数为1～3次；所述煎煮的时间为每次20～40min；所述浓缩后所得体系的密度为1.10～1.13g/ml；所述加乙醇后体系乙醇浓度为60％；所述赶黄草提取液的浓度以生药计为8g/L；
和/或，所述枸杞提取液的制备方法中，枸杞与水的重量比为1：(8～12)；所述浸泡时间为20～40min；所述枸杞提取液的浓度以生药计为8g/L；
和/或，所述葛根提取液的制备方法中，葛根与水的重量比为1：(8～12)；所述浸泡时间为20～40min；所述煎煮的次数为1～3次；所述煎煮的时间为每次20～40min；所述浓缩后所得体系的密度为1.10～1.15g/ml；所述加乙醇后体系乙醇浓度为70％；所述葛根提取液的浓度以生药计为8g/L；
和/或，所述茯苓提取液的制备方法中，茯苓与水的重量比为1：(8～12)；所述浸泡时间为20～40min；所述煎煮的次数为1～3次；所述煎煮的时间为每次20～40min；所述浓缩后所得体系的密度为1.13～1.17g/ml；所述加乙醇后体系乙醇浓度为40％；所述茯苓提取液的浓度以生药计为8g/L。
4.根据权利要求3所述的赶黄草复合饮料，其特征在于：所述赶黄草提取液的制备方法中，赶黄草与水的重量比为1:10；所述浸泡时间为30min；
所述煎煮的次数为2次；所述煎煮的时间为每次30min；
和/或，所述枸杞提取液的制备方法中，枸杞与水的重量比为1:10；所述浸泡时间为30min；
和/或，所述葛根提取液的制备方法中，葛根与水的重量比为1:10；所述浸泡时间为30min；所述煎煮的次数为2次；所述煎煮的时间为每次30min；
和/或，所述茯苓提取液的制备方法中，所述浸泡时间为30min；所述煎煮的次数为2次；所述煎煮的时间为每次30min。
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