CN112021139B - Method for quickly and artificially cultivating seedlings of fir - Google Patents
Method for quickly and artificially cultivating seedlings of fir Download PDFInfo
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- CN112021139B CN112021139B CN201910399627.1A CN201910399627A CN112021139B CN 112021139 B CN112021139 B CN 112021139B CN 201910399627 A CN201910399627 A CN 201910399627A CN 112021139 B CN112021139 B CN 112021139B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly and artificially cultivating fir seedlings, and aims to solve the problems that fir seedlings mainly comprising Baishan ancestor fir grow slowly in a natural environment and have low survival rate and the like. The invention takes fir seedlings as material, applies microbial fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer, combines with proper artificial formula matrix and cultivation environment, and promotes the seedlings to grow rapidly. The invention has the advantages that: under the condition of artificially prepared substrate and artificial cultivation environment, the fir plant seedlings grow rapidly and can reach the size of 2-3 years seedlings in the field environment within 10 months. Improving the problems of slow and difficult growth of the fir plant seedlings under natural conditions and the like. The method is universal, efficient, strong in operability and obvious in effect, is suitable for the plant of the genus abies, and has important significance for quickly cultivating other Pinaceae plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for quickly and artificially cultivating seedlings of a fir plant, which promotes the seedlings to grow vigorously and quickly and finishes field regression and artificial afforestation of the artificially cultivated seedlings as early as possible.
Background
The endemic and vestige phenomena of the plants of the Pinaceae family (Pinaceae) genus Taxus (Abies) are obvious, and the plants originate from the middle and high-altitude areas of the northern hemisphere in the middle period of the chalky period, so that the endemic and vestigial soil cultivation method has important significance for researches on plant geographical distribution, system evolution, ancient climate, ancient geography and the like. Meanwhile, the fir is an important forest vegetation and an excellent wood source, and the fir resin is also the best adhesive for manufacturing slices and precise instruments.
Among them, the Baishan grand fir (Abies beshanzuensis) is a national first-level important protective plant and is a peculiar ancient wiggle plant in China. The plant is published in 1987 by the living committee (SSC) of the world natural protection alliance species as one of the 12 most endangered plants in the world. The Baishan ancestor fir is naturally distributed in narrow wind-sheltering valley areas with elevation of 1740 meters in Baishan ancestor natural conservation areas, is widely distributed in Su, Zhejiang, Anhui, Min and other provinces at the third time, is the only rare species living to date in local sections after the fourth ice season, and has very important significance for the study of geography, climate and other disciplines.
Under natural conditions, the fir plants mostly coexist with fungi, and the artificial seedling culture is difficult. Meanwhile, the seedlings germinated in nature also have the problems of very slow growth, extremely weak growth potential and the like. Therefore, it is urgently needed to invent a method for quickly and artificially cultivating the fir plants, so as to promote the seedlings to quickly thrive in the artificial matrix and return to the field as soon as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to perfect the prior art and provide a method for quickly and artificially cultivating seedlings of the fir.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for quickly and artificially cultivating seedlings of a fir plant comprises the following steps: transplanting the young seedlings of the fir to the sterilized artificial matrix for culturing, and watering the roots with fertilizer.
The artificial matrix is obtained by uniformly mixing a compressed matrix and pine scales in equal volume and then sterilizing the mixture by high-pressure steam;
the fertilizer is obtained by the following method: 1mL of microbial fertilizer stock solution and 1.0g of water-soluble fertilizer are taken, and purified water is added to the mixture until the volume is 1000 mL. The preparation method of the microbial fertilizer stock solution comprises the following steps: taking 100g of brown sugar and 2L of purified water, stirring and dissolving, and then sterilizing by high-pressure steam; adding 1.0g of EM strain solid powder, sealing and fermenting for 5-7 d at 35-37 ℃, and loosening the container mouth to release gas every 1-2 days.
Further, the high-pressure steam sterilization method comprises the following steps: maintaining the temperature at 121 ℃ and the pressure in the sterilizer at 0.15MPa for 20-25 min.
Further, in the fermentation process of the microbial fertilizer stock solution, the strain is quickly activated 2-4 days before fermentation to generate a large amount of gas, and then the gas production rate is reduced until the activation is completed, the pH value is 3.5-4.5, and the smell is sour and sweet and is not pungent.
Furthermore, the water-soluble fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient balanced fertilizer, such as 'conjing 17-17-17', and contains essential macroelements and microelements.
Further, the compressed matrix adopts a combination 'Lanbo LM-18' of fine peat moss and fine perlite which are suitable for the growth of seedlings, the diameter of loose scales is 3-5 mm, and when the materials are mixed, purified water is added until the matrix can be kneaded into a mass in hands, and the mass is not loose but does not drip.
Further, the culture environment is: the temperature is 23 ℃/18 ℃, and the light quantum flux density (PPDF) is not less than 80 mu mol/m 2 S, illumination time 14h/d, air humidity maintained above 80%.
The invention has the advantages that: the seedling of the fir is taken as a material, microbial fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer are applied, and the seedling is cultivated in a proper artificial substrate and a proper environment. Solves the problems of slow growth of the fir plant seedlings, low survival rate of the seedlings under natural environment conditions and the like. Can rapidly obtain the adult seedlings of the fir plants suitable for field regression in a short period. The method is universal, efficient, strong in operability and remarkable in effect, and has important significance for quickly cultivating other Pinaceae plants besides being suitable for the fir plants.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The EM strain solid powder in the following examples was purchased from Yue-style loyalty technology Co., Ltd, Henan province. A large number of experiments prove that EM strain solid powder of any manufacturer or EM strain solid powder prepared by the existing literature can be used in the invention.
Example 1:
materials: this example illustrates the promotion of rapid growth of embryos cultured seedlings of Baishan grand fir.
Step (1): preparing a microorganism activation liquid culture medium. Taking 100g of brown sugar and 2L of purified water, stirring and dissolving, and sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C and 0.15MPa for 21 min;
step (2): activating the strain to prepare the microbial fertilizer stock solution. Adding 1.0g of EM strain solid powder into the culture medium sterilized in the step (1), sealing and fermenting for 7d at 37 ℃, and loosening the container mouth to release gas every 2 days;
and (3): preparing artificial matrix for seedling culture. Taking out the 'Lanbo LM-18' compressed matrix, loosening the matrix, mixing the loosened matrix with 3-5 mm of pine scales with the same volume, adding purified water, stirring uniformly, and then performing high-pressure steam sterilization, wherein the sterilization method is the same as the step (1);
and (4): culturing Baishan ancestor fir seedlings. Taking out the seedling of the hundred-mountain-progenitor fir from the culture medium of the hundred-mountain-progenitor fir embryo, washing the root culture medium, transplanting the seedling into the artificial substrate prepared in the step 3 after sterilization, and controlling the light quantum flux density (PPDF) to be not less than 80 mu mol/m at the temperature of 23 ℃/18 DEG C 2 S, culturing in an environment with illumination time of 14h/d and humidity gradually reduced from 100% to more than 80% within two weeks;
and (5): and (3) pouring microbial fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer. Taking 1mL of the microbial fertilizer stock solution prepared in the step 2 and 1.0g of the water-soluble fertilizer 'Kangjing 17-17-17', adding purified water to a constant volume of 1000mL, performing root irrigation on seedlings, applying the fertilizer once a week, wherein each plant is 5-15 mL, and keeping the substrate wet by using clean water for the rest time. By the method, the seedlings can grow to the size of 2-3 year old plants in the field environment within 10 months.
Example 2:
materials: this example illustrates the promotion of the natural germination of the source fir seeds and the rapid growth of seedlings.
Step (1): preparing a microorganism activation liquid culture medium. Taking 100g of brown sugar and 2L of purified water, stirring and dissolving, and sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C and 0.15MPa for 21 min;
step (2): activating the strain to prepare the microbial fertilizer stock solution. Adding 1.0g of EM strain solid powder into the culture medium sterilized in the step (1), sealing and fermenting for 7d at 37 ℃, and loosening the container mouth to release gas every 2 days;
and (3): preparing artificial substrate for culturing fir seedling. Taking out the 'Lanbo LM-18' compressed matrix, loosening the matrix, mixing the loosened matrix with 3-5 mm of pine scales with the same volume, adding purified water, stirring uniformly, and then performing high-pressure steam sterilization, wherein the sterilization method is the same as the step (1);
and (4): culturing fir seedling as resource. Transplanting naturally germinated seedling of fir to the sterilized artificial matrix of step 3 at 23 deg.C/18 deg.C with light quantum flux density (PPDF) of not less than 80 μmol/m 2 S, the illumination time is 14h/d, and the humidity is kept above 80%;
and (5): and (3) pouring microbial fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer. Taking 1mL of the microbial fertilizer stock solution prepared in the step 2 and 1.0g of water-soluble fertilizer, adding purified water to a constant volume of 1000mL, performing root irrigation on seedlings, irrigating the fertilizer twice a week, wherein each plant is 5-15 m, and keeping the substrate wet by using clear water for the rest of time. By this method, seedlings can grow to a height of more than 10cm within 6 months with more than 2 primary branches.
Claims (6)
1. A method for quickly and artificially cultivating seedlings of a fir plant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
transplanting the embryo-cultured or naturally-germinated seedling of the plant of the genus Cryptomeria to the sterilized artificial substrate for culturing, and watering the root with fertilizer;
the artificial matrix is obtained by uniformly mixing a compressed matrix and pine scales in equal volume and then sterilizing the mixture by high-pressure steam;
the fertilizer is obtained by the following method: taking 1mL of microbial fertilizer stock solution and 1.0g of water-soluble fertilizer, and adding purified water to a constant volume of 1000 mL; the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer stock solution comprises the following steps: taking 100g of brown sugar and 2L of purified water, stirring and dissolving, and then sterilizing by high-pressure steam; adding 1.0g of EM strain solid powder, sealing and fermenting for 5-7 days at 35-37 ℃, and loosening the container mouth to release gas every 1-2 days.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure steam sterilization method comprises the following steps: maintaining the temperature at 121 ℃ and the pressure in the sterilizer at 0.15MPa for 20-25 min.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: during the fermentation process of the microbial fertilizer stock solution, the strains are quickly activated 2-4 days before fermentation to generate a large amount of gas, and then the gas generation rate is reduced until the activation is completed, the pH value is 3.5-4.5, and the odor is sour and sweet and is not pungent.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the water-soluble fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient balanced fertilizer.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the compressed matrix is prepared from a combination of fine sphagnum and fine perlite which are suitable for seedling growth, namely Lambor LM-18, and the diameter of loose scales is 3-5 mm, and when the compressed matrix is mixed, purified water is added until the matrix can be kneaded into a mass in the hand, and the mass is not loose but does not drip.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the culture environment is as follows: the temperature is 23 ℃/18 ℃, and the light quantum flux density (PPDF) is not less than 80 mu mol/m 2 S, illumination time 14h/d, air humidity maintained above 80%.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910399627.1A CN112021139B (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2019-05-14 | Method for quickly and artificially cultivating seedlings of fir |
| PCT/CN2019/103666 WO2020228186A1 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-30 | Method for rapidly and artificially cultivating abies plant seedlings |
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| CN201910399627.1A CN112021139B (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2019-05-14 | Method for quickly and artificially cultivating seedlings of fir |
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| CN112021139A CN112021139A (en) | 2020-12-04 |
| CN112021139B true CN112021139B (en) | 2022-09-16 |
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| CN115125261B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2024-04-30 | 浙江大学 | Gene, product and application of agastache sium sucrose synthase |
| CN115644021A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-01-31 | 丽水学院 | China fir seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN118318661A (en) * | 2024-05-08 | 2024-07-12 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | Efficient seedling raising method for largehead fir |
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| JP2007045757A (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2007-02-22 | Takinou Filter Kk | Planting material |
| CN1849878A (en) * | 2006-05-29 | 2006-10-25 | 北京林业大学 | Semen-Abietis-Deliavayi fast seedling-nursing method |
| CN102771363B (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-01-08 | 浙江虹越花卉股份有限公司 | Special culture medium for Lilium spp. and Lilium spp. culture method |
| CN104221864B (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-12-02 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of cryptomeria clone isolated rooting culture method |
| CN104737851B (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-12-02 | 赖永梅 | A kind of black pine rejuvenation matrix |
| CN105165441A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-23 | 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 | Method for increasing summer shifting and transporting survival rate of magnolia gradiflora |
| CN106518521A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-22 | 贵州省生物研究所 | Method for rapidly increasing abies fanjingshanensis rhizosphere soil microorganism |
| CN107056529A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-18 | 新昌县天姥园艺发展有限公司 | Sweet osmanthus seedling culture medium and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108112417A (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2018-06-05 | 安徽睿知信信息科技有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the drought-enduring pine tree of agricultural |
| CN108552056B (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2020-08-14 | 浙江大学 | Method for rapidly cultivating Baishan ancestor fir seedlings through embryo rescue technology |
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| WO2020228186A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
| CN112021139A (en) | 2020-12-04 |
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