CN115644021A - China fir seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
China fir seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115644021A CN115644021A CN202211393255.XA CN202211393255A CN115644021A CN 115644021 A CN115644021 A CN 115644021A CN 202211393255 A CN202211393255 A CN 202211393255A CN 115644021 A CN115644021 A CN 115644021A
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fir seedling culture substrate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The fir seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of Chinese fir bark, 10-15 parts of corn stalk, 5-10 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of corncob, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of compound microorganism, 1-2 parts of endophyte, 20-25 parts of field soil, 5-10 parts of chicken manure and 2-3 parts of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer. The Chinese fir seedling raising substrate is adopted for raising the seedlings, the transplanting survival rate of the Chinese fir seedlings in a drought area (the transplanting survival rate is 97-99%) can be obviously improved, the seedlings can be prevented from dying due to serious water shortage through the water retention effect of the substrate after transplanting, and the planting field soil is adjusted through microorganisms, so that the Chinese fir seedling raising substrate is more suitable for the growth of the Chinese fir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a fir seedling culture substrate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fir is tree of Cunninghamia, and has a height of 30m and a diameter at breast height of 2.5-3 m; the crown of the sapling tree is in a turriform shape, the crown of the big tree is in a cone shape, and the bark is in a grey brown color; the big branches are flat and the small branches are nearly opposite or recurrent, and are usually in two rows. The leaves are extended on the main branch by radiation, the base parts of the leaves of the lateral branches are twisted into two rows, the shape of the leaves is like a needle or a strip, the leaves are usually slightly bent and sickle, the leaves are leathery and hard, and the fir is subtropical tree species and is more lucidus. The climate environment which is fond of warm and humid, fog and quiet wind, is not resistant to severe cold, damp and heat, wind and drought, and is suitable for the climate conditions of the annual average temperature of 15-23 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature of-17 ℃ and the annual precipitation of 800-2000 mm. The cold resistance is higher than the drought resistance, the influence of the water-wet condition is higher than the temperature condition, the soil is afraid of salt and alkali, the requirement on the soil is higher than that of the common tree species, and the acid soil is favored to be fertile, deep, moist and good in drainage.
In the prior art, a method of transplanting seedlings after seedling cultivation is generally adopted for planting Chinese fir, excellent strong seedlings are an important premise and foundation for forest cultivation, chinese fir seedling cultivation is not difficult, seedling cultivation methods and measures are well mastered in various places, but most of the existing seedling cultivation methods use soil as a matrix, and chemical fertilizers are also properly applied in seedling management to improve the growth of seedlings. However, the method is easy to influence the development of the root system of the fir seedling and the balance and acquisition of nutrients due to soil hardening, the weight of the soil is large, the seedling transportation cost is high in the mountain area afforestation process, and some areas adopt light substrates for industrial seedling cultivation, but after transplanting, the root system is dead due to the fact that soil is dry and irrigation is not timely, the transplanting survival rate is low, and the planting application of the fir in the dry area is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fir seedling raising matrix and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
one of the technical schemes of the invention is as follows: a fir seedling raising matrix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of cedar bark, 10-15 parts of corn stalk, 5-10 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of corncob, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of compound microorganism, 1-2 parts of endophyte, 20-25 parts of field soil, 5-10 parts of chicken manure and 2-3 parts of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer.
Further, the compound microorganism comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 to 3 portions of azotobacter, 2 to 3 portions of bacillus subtilis, 1 to 2 portions of lactic acid bacteria, 1 to 2 portions of cellulomonas, 1 to 2 portions of bacillus licheniformis and 2 to 3 portions of pseudomonas fluorescens.
The azotobacter, the bacillus subtilis, the lactic acid bacteria, the cellulomonas, the bacillus licheniformis and the pseudomonas fluorescens in the compound microorganism can activate soil, improve soil fertility, promote the formation of soil granular structures, resist alkali and salt, improve soil, promote the absorption of plants on nutrients, stimulate the growth of plant root systems and enhance the disease resistance and drought resistance of plants. A plurality of beneficial microorganisms are propagated in the plant rhizosphere in a large quantity to form a dominant flora, plant growth promoting substances and antibiotics are secreted to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, and the capability of resisting a plurality of diseases such as bacterial wilt, clubroot, root rot, damping off, epidemic disease, wilt, root knot nematode disease and the like is improved.
Further, the endophyte comprises colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
The colletotrichum gloeosporioides can be parasitized at the roots of the Chinese fir, so that the roots of the plants are promoted to generate more salicylic acid, the drought resistance of the Chinese fir is further improved, and the stress resistance of the Chinese fir is improved.
Furthermore, the grain diameter of the corncobs is 3-5 mm.
The corncob and the perlite are used as water retention substances, so that the water retention of the matrix can be improved.
The second technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of the fir seedling raising matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, mixing cedar bark, corn stalks, chicken manure and compound microorganisms, fermenting and granulating to obtain fermented fertilizer granules;
(2) And uniformly mixing the fermented fertilizer particles with perlite, corncobs, humic acid, endophytes, field soil and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to obtain the Chinese fir seedling raising matrix.
Further, the step (1) specifically includes:
(1) Crushing cedar barks and corn stalks, adding chicken manure and compound microorganisms, uniformly mixing, then adjusting the water content to 50-55%, stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermented material;
(2) And crushing the fermentation material to 80-120 meshes, and then adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose and bentonite for normal-temperature granulation to obtain the fermentation fertilizer granules.
The cedar bark, the corn stalks, the chicken manure and the compound microorganisms are fermented to prepare fermented fertilizer particles, so that water can be stored in the fermented fertilizer particles, and the water holding capacity of soil is increased to delay drought; and the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the fermented fertilizer particles can improve the non-capillary porosity of soil and promote the formation of water-stable aggregates. Meanwhile, the fermented fertilizer particles can provide an attached environment for microorganisms and promote the growth and the propagation of the microorganisms.
Furthermore, the fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 20-30 d.
Further, the mass ratio of the fermentation material to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the bentonite is (30-40) to (2-3) to (5-7); the grain size of the granules is 0.5-1 cm.
Further, before the preparation of the fir seedling substrate, the method also comprises the steps of pretreating field soil; the pretreatment specifically comprises: mixing field soil with dried weed, and burning.
Furthermore, the volume ratio of the field soil to the dried weeds is (10-15): 2.
Through high-temperature incineration, diseases and pests in field soil can be removed, and meanwhile, the pore distribution of the field soil is better, and the growth of plant roots is facilitated.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the Chinese fir seedling culture medium is adopted for culturing the seedlings, so that the transplanting survival rate of the Chinese fir seedlings in a drought area (the transplanting survival rate is 97-99%) can be remarkably improved, the seedlings can be prevented from dying due to serious water shortage through the water retention effect of the medium after transplanting, and the soil of a planting field is adjusted through microorganisms, so that the Chinese fir seedling culture medium is more suitable for the growth of the Chinese fir.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The "parts" described in the following examples are all "parts by mass".
The azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, cellulomonas, bacillus licheniformis, pseudomonas fluorescens, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, paecilomyces varioti and saccharomycetes adopted in the following examples and comparative examples are all commercially available.
Wherein the content of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is 2.0 × 10 10 cfu/g; the content of Bacillus subtilis is 1.0 × 10 9 cfu/g, the bacterial content of the lactobacillus is 8.0 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g, the bacteria content of Cellulomonas cellulosae is 2.0 multiplied by 10 9 cfu/g, the bacterial content of the bacillus licheniformis is 7.0 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g, the content of Pseudomonas fluorescens is 2.3 multiplied by 10 9 cfu/g, the content of colletotrichum gloeosporioides is 2.0 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g, the bacteria content of paecilomyces is 2.0 multiplied by 10 8 cfu/g, yeast content of 1.0 × 10 9 cfu/g。
Example 1
A preparation method of a fir seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
the fir seedling culture substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of cedar bark, 12 parts of corn stalk, 8 parts of perlite, 5 parts of corncob (with the grain diameter of 3-5 mm), 12 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of compound microorganism, 2 parts of endophyte (colletotrichum gloeosporioides), 20 parts of field soil, 6 parts of chicken manure and 2 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15).
The composite microorganism comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of azotobacter, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria, 2 parts of cellulomonas, 1 part of bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of pseudomonas fluorescens.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, crushing Chinese fir barks and corn stalks (the particle size is about 10 mm), adding chicken manure and compound microorganisms, adding water to adjust the water content to about 52%, stacking the Chinese fir barks and the corn stalks in a fermentation pile with the length of 5m, the width of 2m and the width of 1.5m, fermenting, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃, turning the pile once every 5 days, and fermenting for 25 days to obtain the fermentation material.
(2) And (2) flattening the fermentation material, naturally airing, crushing to 100 meshes, adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose and bentonite (the mass ratio of the fermentation material to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the bentonite is 35.
(3) Uniformly mixing the fermented fertilizer particles with perlite, corncobs, humic acid, endophytes, field soil and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to obtain the fir seedling raising matrix.
The field soil is pretreated field soil, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: mixing the field soil and the dry weeds according to the volume ratio of 13.
Example 2
A preparation method of a fir seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
the fir seedling culture substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of cedar bark, 15 parts of corn stalk, 5 parts of perlite, 10 parts of corncob (the grain diameter is 3-5 mm), 10 parts of humic acid, 1 part of compound microorganism, 1 part of endophyte (colletotrichum gloeosporioides), 23 parts of field soil, 5 parts of chicken manure and 2 parts of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15).
The composite microorganism comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of azotobacter, 3 parts of bacillus subtilis, 1 part of lactic acid bacteria, 1 part of cellulomonas, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 2 parts of pseudomonas fluorescens.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, crushing Chinese fir barks and corn stalks (the particle size is about 10 mm), adding chicken manure and compound microorganisms, adding water to adjust the water content to about 50%, stacking the Chinese fir barks and the corn stalks in a fermentation pile with the length of 5m, the width of 2m and the width of 1.5m for fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃, turning the pile once every 5 days, and fermenting for 20 days to obtain the fermentation material.
(2) And (3) flattening the fermentation material, naturally airing, crushing to 120 meshes, adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose and bentonite (the mass ratio of the fermentation material to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the bentonite is 40.
(3) Uniformly mixing the fermented fertilizer particles with perlite, corncobs, humic acid, endophytes, field soil and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to obtain the fir seedling raising matrix.
The field soil is pretreated field soil, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: mixing the field soil and the dry weeds according to the volume ratio of 15.
Example 3
A preparation method of a fir seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
the fir seedling culture substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of Chinese fir bark, 10 parts of corn stalk, 10 parts of perlite, 8 parts of corncob (with the grain diameter of 3-5 mm), 15 parts of humic acid, 1 part of compound microorganism, 2 parts of endophyte (colletotrichum gloeosporioides), 25 parts of field soil, 10 parts of chicken manure and 3 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15).
The composite microorganism comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of azotobacter, 2 parts of bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1 part of cellulomonas, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of pseudomonas fluorescens.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, crushing Chinese fir barks and corn stalks (the particle size is about 10 mm), adding chicken manure and compound microorganisms, adding water to adjust the water content to about 55%, stacking the Chinese fir barks and the corn stalks in a fermentation pile with the length of 5m, the width of 2m and the width of 1.5m for fermentation, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃, turning the pile once every 5 days, and fermenting for 30 days to obtain the fermentation material.
(2) And (2) flattening the fermentation material, naturally airing, crushing to 80 meshes, adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose and bentonite (the mass ratio of the fermentation material to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the bentonite is 30.
(3) Uniformly mixing the fermented fertilizer particles with perlite, corncobs, humic acid, endophytes, field soil and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to obtain the fir seedling raising matrix.
The field soil is pretreated field soil, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: mixing the field soil and the dry weeds according to the volume ratio of 5:1, and burning until the weeds are completely changed into ash.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the preparation method is as follows:
(1) The same as in example 1.
(2) And (3) flattening the fermentation material, naturally airing, crushing to 100 meshes, adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose and bentonite (the mass ratio of the fermentation material to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the bentonite is 35: 2), uniformly mixing, and then adding water until the water content is about 25% to obtain the fermented fertilizer.
(3) Uniformly mixing the fermented fertilizer with perlite, corncobs, humic acid, endophytes, field soil and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to obtain the fir seedling raising matrix.
The field soil is pretreated field soil, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: mixing the field soil and the dry weeds according to the volume ratio of 13.
Comparative example 2
The procedure is as in example 1, except that the colletotrichum gloeosporioides is replaced with an equal mass portion of paecilomyces variotii.
Comparative example 3
The procedure is as in example 1, except that the amount of colletotrichum gloeosporioides is adjusted to 0.5 part.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that sodium carboxymethylcellulose was replaced by alginate fibre.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the method of field soil pretreatment is as follows: the field soil is heat treated for 30min at the temperature of 180 ℃.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 1 is that Bacillus subtilis in the composite microorganism is replaced by yeast of equal mass parts.
Effect example 1
In late 11 months, experiments are carried out in Jinhua city, zhejiang, china fir seeds (hemlock fir) are sowed in a nutrition bag (the length of the nutrition bag is 25cm, and the width of the nutrition bag is 12 cm) filled with the fir seedling culture medium prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example, the cultivation (cultivation in a greenhouse) is carried out for 4 months, then the transplantation is carried out, the transplantation is carried out together with the fir seedling culture medium during the transplantation, the transplantation is carried out in mountain areas with dry soil, and the transplantation density is 400 plants/mu. And the commercial seedling raising substrates are compared (a control group, a manufacturer: good seedling soil agriculture limited company in Foshan city, the main components are coconut chaff, peat, carbonized rice husk and perlite), and after 5 months of transplanting, the transplanting survival rate, the root length and the seedling height are counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Grouping | Survival Rate of transplantation (%) | Root length (cm) | Miao height (cm) |
| Example 1 | 99 | 24.6 | 32.7 |
| Example 2 | 97 | 23.5 | 31.6 |
| Example 3 | 98 | 24.2 | 32.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 89 | 19.4 | 27.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 90 | 20.2 | 28.0 |
| Comparative example 3 | 92 | 20.8 | 28.2 |
| Comparative example 4 | 94 | 21.5 | 29.8 |
| Comparative example 5 | 92 | 21.1 | 28.4 |
| Comparative example 6 | 94 | 21.3 | 29.6 |
| Control group | 82 | 15.7 | 25.4 |
As shown in Table 1, the Chinese fir seedling raising matrix can be used for raising seedlings, the transplanting survival rate of the Chinese fir seedlings in arid areas can be remarkably improved (the transplanting survival rate is 97-99%), the seedlings can be prevented from dying due to serious water shortage through the water retention effect of the matrix after transplanting, and the soil of a planting field can be adjusted through the microbial adjustment effect, so that the Chinese fir seedling raising matrix is more suitable for the growth of the Chinese fir.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The fir seedling raising matrix is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of cedar bark, 10-15 parts of corn stalk, 5-10 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of corncob, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of compound microorganism, 1-2 parts of endophyte, 20-25 parts of field soil, 5-10 parts of chicken manure and 2-3 parts of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer.
2. The fir seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the compound microorganism comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 to 3 portions of azotobacter, 2 to 3 portions of bacillus subtilis, 1 to 2 portions of lactic acid bacteria, 1 to 2 portions of cellulomonas, 1 to 2 portions of bacillus licheniformis and 2 to 3 portions of pseudomonas fluorescens.
3. The fir wood nursery substrate according to claim 1, wherein the endophyte comprises colletotrichum gloeosporioides.
4. The fir seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, wherein the corncobs have a particle size of 3-5 mm.
5. A method for preparing a fir seedling raising substrate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, mixing cedar bark, corn stalks, chicken manure and compound microorganisms, fermenting and granulating to obtain fermented fertilizer granules;
(2) And uniformly mixing the fermented fertilizer particles with perlite, corncobs, humic acid, endophytes, field soil and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to obtain the cedar seedling growing matrix.
6. The method for preparing a fir seedling raising substrate according to claim 5, wherein the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing cedar bark and corn stalks, adding chicken manure and compound microorganisms, mixing uniformly, adjusting the water content to 50-55%, stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermentation material;
(2) And (3) crushing the fermentation material to 80-120 meshes, and then adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and bentonite for normal-temperature granulation to obtain the fermentation fertilizer granules.
7. The method for preparing a fir seedling raising substrate according to claim 6, wherein the fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃ and the fermentation time is 20-30 days.
8. The preparation method of the cedar seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation material to the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the bentonite is (30-40) to (2-3) to (5-7); the grain size of the granules is 0.5-1 cm.
9. The method for preparing a fir seedling raising substrate according to claim 5, further comprising pretreating field soil before preparing the fir seedling raising substrate; the pretreatment specifically comprises: mixing field soil with dried weed, and burning.
10. The preparation method of the cedar seedling raising matrix according to claim 9, wherein the volume ratio of the field soil to the dry weeds is (10-15): 2.
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