CN111982657A - Rock breaking test device of laser-assisted machine - Google Patents
Rock breaking test device of laser-assisted machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN111982657A CN111982657A CN202010768968.4A CN202010768968A CN111982657A CN 111982657 A CN111982657 A CN 111982657A CN 202010768968 A CN202010768968 A CN 202010768968A CN 111982657 A CN111982657 A CN 111982657A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/58—Investigating machinability by cutting tools; Investigating the cutting ability of tools
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device which mainly comprises a power system, a laser output and transmission system, a hydraulic control system, a chip removal system, a centering system and a test system. The power system consists of a variable frequency motor, a reduction box and a connecting disc; the laser output and transmission system consists of a laser head, a laser position regulator and a light beam shaper; the hydraulic control system consists of a hydraulic cylinder, a slide rail frame and a roller supporting plate; the chip removal system consists of an air compressor, a filter and an air inlet mechanism; the centering system consists of an inverted Y-shaped support frame and a cylindrical centering device; the test system consists of a pressure sensor, a torque sensor and a displacement sensor. The laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device can be used for performing a laser-assisted mechanical drilling rock breaking test, developing the research on test parameters such as laser power, drill bit rotating speed and the like in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking test, and has important significance for promoting the development of a laser-mechanical combined rock breaking technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device, and belongs to the fields of rock breaking device technology, oil and gas resource drilling and exploitation and the like.
Background
Underground storage is rich in oil and gas resources, and is an important energy source for supporting the progress and development of human society. After a long period of production, the oil and gas resources in the shallow stratum of partial areas are fully produced. However, abundant oil and gas resources are reserved under high-hardness rocks in deep layers, ultra-deep layers and complex and difficult-to-drill strata, and with the continuous deepening of the drilling depth of petroleum and natural gas, the traditional mechanical drilling mode faces the problems of low drilling efficiency, long drilling period, high cost and the like in the aspect of drilling high-hardness rocks.
With the increasing demand of the country for oil and gas resources, the drilling task is heavier and heavier, and the traditional drilling technology faces huge challenges. Researchers have proposed a novel drilling concept applying laser technology to mechanical combined rock breaking based on the characteristics of high speed, high efficiency, high safety, low cost, low pollution and the like of laser. The principle is that high-energy laser directly acts on the rock, so that the rock locally generates thermal burst and damage, the rock strength is greatly reduced, the rock drillability is improved, the difficulty is reduced for subsequent mechanical drilling, and the drilling efficiency is greatly improved.
In recent years, research on laser technology and a novel drilling mode combining laser and drilling engineering have become hot spots of research in various countries. However, the technical scheme of laser-mechanical combined rock breaking and the efficient coupling matching of the combined rock breaking structure are still explored in China. Therefore, the invention designs the laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device, and provides a test basis for workers to research the laser rock breaking modeling and laser rock breaking technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems of low drilling efficiency, high drilling cost, long period and the like of the traditional mechanical drilling in the difficult-to-drill stratum, the laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device is provided for promoting the research on the problems of efficient matching and the like of laser-mechanical combined rock breaking structure coupling and achieving the effect of efficient rock breaking in the difficult-to-drill stratum.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device which mainly comprises a power system, a laser output and transmission system, a hydraulic control system, a chip removal system, a centering system and a test system.
The power system comprises a variable frequency motor, an intermediate plate, a reduction gearbox and a connecting disc, wherein the variable frequency motor and the reduction gearbox are respectively fixed on the intermediate plate and on the lower end face through four bolts, the reduction gearbox is connected on the roller supporting plate through lug plate bolts, the connecting disc is connected to the top of the drill rod through threads, and further, the inside of the connecting disc is connected with an output shaft of the reduction gearbox through a spline.
The laser output and transmission system mainly comprises a laser fusion box, a laser head, a laser position regulator and a light beam shaper, wherein the laser fusion box is connected with the laser head through an optical cable, the laser head is connected with the laser position regulator through a screw, the laser position regulator is connected with a fixed position of an intermediate plate through a bolt, and the top of the light beam shaper is connected and fixed in a drill rod through a bolt.
The power system operates, the variable frequency motor drives the gear in the reduction gearbox to rotate, and the torque is transmitted to the connecting disc and the drill rod through the gear to drive the drill bit to rotate, so that the function of cutting rocks by the traditional drill bit in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process is realized; furthermore, the laser head is centered under the correction of the laser position regulator, laser is injected into the drill rod and is irradiated on the surface of the rock after being focused by the beam shaper, and the function that the rock is damaged by the laser in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process is realized.
The hydraulic control system mainly comprises a control box, a slide rail frame, rollers, a roller supporting plate and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the slide rail frame through bolts, the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected onto the roller supporting plate through hydraulic threads, the four rollers are arranged on the roller supporting plate, the rollers are tightly attached to the outer wall of the slide rail frame through roller keys, the slide rail frame is L-shaped integrally, and the short edges of the slide rail frame are attached to the ground.
Further, the rail frame mainly serves to stabilize the entire member and to serve as a rail for the roller support plate to ascend and descend. The control box is connected to the offset hydraulic cylinder through an electric wire, oil pressure is converted into mechanical energy to drive the roller supporting plate to move up and down, further, the hydraulic control system can adjust the moving speed of the roller supporting plate, and the feeding function of the drill bit in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process is achieved.
The chip removal system mainly comprises an air compressor, a filter and an air inlet mechanism, wherein the air inlet mechanism comprises an air inlet ring, a drill rod, a drill bit, a square sealing frame, a chip suction pipe and dust collection equipment; the filter is connected between the air compressor and the air inlet ring through an air pipe flange, and the upper end face and the lower end face of the air inlet ring are connected to the drill rod through a pair of deep groove ball bearings. Furthermore, the drill bit is fixed at the bottom of the drill rod through threaded connection, round holes are formed in the upper end face and the right side of the square sealing frame, the size of the round hole in the upper end face is slightly larger than the diameter of the drill bit, the round hole in the right side is connected with a chip suction pipe through a bolt, the other end of the chip suction pipe is connected with dust collection equipment through a flange, and the function of discharging rock chips in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process is achieved.
The centering system mainly comprises an inverted Y-shaped support frame, a cylindrical centralizer, a rectangular connecting plate, a stand column support frame and sleeves, wherein the top of the inverted Y-shaped support frame is welded on the rectangular connecting plate, the cylindrical centralizer is fixed through an inner circular groove of the rectangular connecting plate, the cylindrical centralizer is connected with the stand column support frame through two sleeves at the rear end of the stand column support frame, and the top end of the stand column support frame is welded on a middle plate, so that the stability and the precision in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process are ensured.
The testing system mainly comprises a computer, a pressure sensor, a torque sensor and a displacement sensor, wherein the pressure sensor is embedded in the bottom of the square sealing frame, the torque sensor is connected to the surface of the drill rod through a bearing, the displacement sensor is fixed with the lower end face of the middle plate through a bolt, and further, the computer is connected with the pressure sensor, the torque sensor and the displacement sensor through electric wires and transmits data to the computer in the testing process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1: according to the laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device, the chip removal system is fed with air through the air inlet mechanism, the square sealing frame is arranged at the rock to be drilled, so that rock chips discharged in real time in the rock breaking process can be effectively and hermetically drilled, the tidiness of a laser channel is ensured, and the damage of dust pollution to a laser output and transmission system is avoided; furthermore, dust collecting equipment is arranged outside the square sealing frame, so that rock debris can be effectively recovered, and a good test environment is provided for workers to research a laser rock breaking technology.
2: the laser output and transmission system and the power system in the laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device can work simultaneously and independently under the action of the hydraulic control system, so that the situation that the drilling test cannot be continuously carried out due to the problem of one party in the drilling process is avoided, further, the beam shaper in the laser output and transmission system is connected inside the drill rod through bolts and is separated from the gas inlet ring, the premature contact between laser and gas is avoided, and the safety reliability and the precision degree of the light path transmission process are improved.
3: the laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device disclosed by the invention comprehensively couples the power system, the laser output and transmission system, the hydraulic control system, the chip removal system, the centering system and the test system, can realize the cooperative rock breaking of the laser-assisted machinery, and provides a relatively complete, systematic and innovative test device for researching and developing the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a general diagram of a laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a power system and a laser output and transmission system of a laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the portion A-A in FIG. 3 of the laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view and a rear view of a slide rail frame of the laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a chip removal system diagram of a laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional view of a centralizing system of a laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a testing system of a laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test apparatus according to the present invention;
shown in the figure: 1. a distribution box; 2. a control box; 3. a laser fusion box; 4. a computer; 5. an air compressor; 6. an air intake mechanism; 7. a variable frequency motor; 8. a middle plate; 9. a reduction gearbox; 10. a connecting disc; 11. a beam shaper; 12. a laser head; 13. a laser position adjuster; 14. a slide rail frame; 15. a roller; 16. a roller support plate; 17. a hydraulic cylinder; 18. a filter; 19. an air inlet ring; 20. a drill stem; 21. a drill bit; 22. a square sealing frame; 23. a circular hole; 24. a scrap suction pipe; 25. a dust collection device; 26. an inverted Y-shaped support frame; 27. a cylindrical centralizer; 28. a rectangular connecting plate; 29. a column support frame; 30. a sleeve; 31. a pressure sensor; 32. a torque sensor; 33. and a displacement sensor.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples:
as shown in figure 1, the invention relates to a laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device which mainly comprises a power system, a laser output and transmission system, a hydraulic control system, a chip removal system, a centering system and a test system.
As shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, the power system is composed of a variable frequency motor 7, an intermediate plate 8, a reduction gearbox 9 and a connecting disc 10, the variable frequency motor 7 and the reduction gearbox 9 are respectively fixed on the intermediate plate 8 through four bolts, the lower two end faces of the variable frequency motor and the reduction gearbox 9 are connected on a roller supporting plate 16 through lug plate bolts, the connecting disc 10 is connected to the top of a drill rod 20 through threads, and further, the inside of the connecting disc 10 is connected with an output shaft of the reduction gearbox 9 through a spline.
The laser output and transmission system mainly comprises a laser fusion box 3, a laser head 12, a laser position regulator 13 and a light beam shaper 11, wherein the laser fusion box 3 is connected with the laser head 12 through an optical cable, the laser head 12 is in screwed connection with the laser position regulator 13, the laser position regulator 13 is in fixed position with the middle plate 8 through bolted connection, and the top of the light beam shaper 11 is fixed in the drill rod 20 through bolted connection.
The power system operates, the variable frequency motor 7 drives the gear in the reduction gearbox 9 to rotate, and the torque is transmitted to the connecting disc 10 and the drill rod 20 through the gear to drive the drill bit 21 to rotate, so that the function of traditional drill bits for cutting rocks in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process is realized; further, the laser head 12 is centered under the correction of the laser position regulator 13, laser is emitted into the drill rod 20, focused by the beam shaper 11 and then irradiated on the surface of the rock, and the function that the rock is damaged by the laser in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 5, the hydraulic control system mainly comprises a control box 2, a slide rail frame 14, rollers 15, a roller support plate 16 and a hydraulic cylinder 17, wherein the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 17 is connected with the slide rail frame 14 through bolts, the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder 17 is connected to the roller support plate 16 through hydraulic threads, the four rollers 15 are mounted on the roller support plate 16, the rollers 15 are tightly attached to the outer wall of the slide rail frame 14 through roller keys, the slide rail frame 14 is integrally L-shaped, and the short side of the slide rail frame is attached to the ground.
Further, the rail frame 14 mainly serves to stabilize the entire member and to serve as a rail for the roller support plate 16 to ascend and descend. The control box 2 is connected to the offset hydraulic cylinder 17 through an electric wire, oil pressure is converted into mechanical energy to drive the roller supporting plate 16 to move up and down, further, the hydraulic control system can adjust the moving speed of the roller supporting plate 16, and the feeding function of the drill bit in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, 4 and 6, the chip removal system mainly comprises an air compressor 5, a filter 18 and an air inlet mechanism 6, wherein the air inlet mechanism 6 comprises an air inlet ring 19, a drill rod 20, a drill bit 21, a square sealing frame 22, a chip suction pipe 24 and a dust suction device 25; the filter 18 is connected between the air compressor 5 and the air inlet ring 19 through an air pipe flange, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the air inlet ring 19 are connected on the drill rod 20 through a pair of deep groove ball bearings. Further, the drill bit 21 is fixed at the bottom of the drill rod 20 through threaded connection, round holes 23 are formed in the upper end face and the right side of the square sealing frame 22, the size of the round hole 23 in the upper end face is slightly larger than the diameter of the drill bit 21, the round hole 23 in the right side is connected with a chip suction pipe 24 through a bolt, the other end of the chip suction pipe 24 is connected with a dust collection device 25 through a flange, and the function of discharging rock chips in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2 and 7, the centering system mainly comprises an inverted Y-shaped support frame 26, a cylindrical centralizer 27, a rectangular connecting plate 28, an upright post support frame 29 and sleeves 30, wherein the top of the inverted Y-shaped support frame 26 is welded on the rectangular connecting plate 28, the cylindrical centralizer 27 is fixed through an inner circular groove of the rectangular connecting plate 28, the cylindrical centralizer 27 is connected with the upright post support frame 29 through two sleeves 30 at the rear end of the upright post support frame 29, and the top end of the upright post support frame 29 is welded on the middle plate 8, so that the stability and precision in the laser-mechanical combined rock breaking process are ensured.
As shown in fig. 2 and 8, the testing system mainly comprises a computer 4, a pressure sensor 31, a torque sensor 32 and a displacement sensor 33, wherein the pressure sensor 31 is embedded at the bottom of the square sealing frame 22, the torque sensor 32 is connected to the surface of the drill rod 20 through a bearing, the displacement sensor 33 is fixed with the lower end face of the middle plate 8 through a bolt, and further, the computer 4 is connected with the pressure sensor 31, the torque sensor 32 and the displacement sensor 33 through electric wires to transmit data to the computer in the testing process.
The working principle is as follows: opening the distribution box 1, starting air compression 5 in a chip removal system, connecting a filter 18 between the air compressor 5 and an air inlet ring 19 through an air pipe flange, connecting a dust suction device 25 through a chip suction pipe 24 through a round hole 23 on the right side of a square sealing frame 22, then starting a hydraulic control system, converting oil pressure into mechanical energy by a hydraulic cylinder 17 under the action of a control box 2 to drive an idler wheel support plate 16 to move up and down, simultaneously starting a power system, transmitting the rotating speed and torque to a gear in a reduction box 9 by the operation of a variable frequency motor 7, driving a drill rod 20 and a drill bit 21 to rotate through a connecting disc 10, accurately cutting the rock surface of the drill bit 21 under the control of a centering system, starting a laser output and transmission system, correcting the laser by a laser position regulator 13, irradiating the laser to the rock surface after being focused by a beam shaper 11 in a shaping drill rod 20 through a laser head, the rock is broken, the effect of laser-mechanical combined rock breaking is realized, in the rock cutting process, rock debris is sucked into the dust collection device 24 through the round hole 23 on the right side of the square sealing frame 22 along with gas, the computer 4 records data of the pressure sensor 31, the torque sensor 32 and the displacement sensor 33, when the test process is finished, the drill bit 21 is lifted out of the square sealing frame 22, and the power supply is turned off.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a broken rock test device of laser-assisted machine which characterized in that: the device mainly comprises a power system, a laser output and transmission system, a hydraulic control system, a chip removal system, a centering system and a test system; the power system is composed of a variable frequency motor (7), an intermediate plate (8), a reduction gearbox (9) and a connecting disc (10), the variable frequency motor (7) and the reduction gearbox (9) are fixed on the intermediate plate (8) through four bolts respectively, the lower two end faces of the variable frequency motor and the reduction gearbox are connected to a roller supporting plate (16) through lug plate bolts, the connecting disc (10) is connected to the top of a drill rod (20) through threads, and further the inside of the connecting disc (10) is connected with an output shaft of the reduction gearbox (9) through a spline.
2. The laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device of claim 1, characterized in that: laser output and transmission system comprises laser fusion box (3), laser head (12), laser position regulator (13) and beam shaper (11), and laser fusion box (3) are connected with laser head (12) through the optical cable, and laser head (12) and laser position regulator (13) screwed connection, and laser position regulator (13) pass through bolted connection and intermediate lamella (8) fixed position, and beam shaper (11) top is fixed in drilling rod (20) through bolted connection.
3. The laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device of claim 1, characterized in that: the hydraulic control system is composed of a control box (2), a slide rail frame (14), rollers (15), a roller supporting plate (16) and a hydraulic cylinder (17), wherein the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder (17) is connected with the slide rail frame (14) through bolts, the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder (17) is connected onto the roller supporting plate (16) through hydraulic threads, the four rollers (15) are installed on the roller supporting plate (16), the rollers (15) are tightly attached to the outer wall of the slide rail frame (14), the slide rail frame (14) is integrally L-shaped, and the short edges are attached to the ground.
4. The laser-assisted mechanical rock breaking test device of claim 1, characterized in that: the chip removal system comprises an air compressor (5), a filter (18) and an air inlet mechanism (6), wherein the air inlet mechanism (6) comprises an air inlet ring (19), a drill rod (20), a drill bit (21), a square sealing frame (22), a chip suction pipe (24) and a dust collection device (25); the filter (18) is connected between the air compressor (5) and the air inlet ring (19) through an air pipe flange, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the air inlet ring (19) are connected to the drill rod (20) through a pair of deep groove ball bearings; furthermore, the drill bit (21) is fixed at the bottom of the drill rod (20) through threaded connection, the round hole (23) is formed in the upper end face and the right side of the square sealing frame (22), the round hole (23) in the upper end face is slightly larger than the diameter of the drill bit (21), the round hole (23) in the right side is connected with the chip suction pipe (24) through a bolt, and the other end of the chip suction pipe (24) is connected with the dust collection equipment (25) through a flange.
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| CN112727369A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-30 | 常州机电职业技术学院 | Dedicated drilling rod stabilizing mean of broken rock machinery of laser |
| CN113374473A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-09-10 | 四川大学 | Assisted rock breaking device of simulation moon base environment drilling process laser |
| CN113686376A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-23 | 深圳大学 | Laser rock breaking test method and system |
| CN113899537A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-07 | 西南石油大学 | Rock breaking drilling experimental device and method for electric pulse-mechanical composite drill bit |
| CN114136673A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-04 | 西南石油大学 | Full-size myriawatt-level laser auxiliary mechanical rock breaking test bed |
| CN115142793A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-04 | 山东大学 | Laser-mechanical combined drilling tool and laser-mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system |
| CN115142794A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-04 | 山东大学 | Rock breaking test system adopting laser mechanical combined drilling |
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