CN113686376B - Laser rock breaking test method and system - Google Patents
Laser rock breaking test method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113686376B CN113686376B CN202111014285.0A CN202111014285A CN113686376B CN 113686376 B CN113686376 B CN 113686376B CN 202111014285 A CN202111014285 A CN 202111014285A CN 113686376 B CN113686376 B CN 113686376B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser rock breaking test method and a laser rock breaking test system, which comprise an optical experiment platform, an experiment cavity, a laser generating device, a detection device and a clamping simulation system, wherein the experiment platform is arranged on the optical experiment platform and can move along the height direction of the optical experiment platform, a rectangular rock sample is placed on the experiment platform, the experiment cavity is arranged on the optical experiment platform and enables the rectangular rock sample to be positioned in the experiment cavity, the detection device is arranged in the experiment cavity, the laser generating device comprises an optical fiber laser and an optical fiber collimation focusing head connected with the optical fiber laser, and the optical fiber laser is used for emitting laser with different powers. The laser rock breaking test device integrates the rock breaking process of the laser under the actions of different repetition frequencies, different pulse widths and different powers and the rock breaking process under different rock environments, improves the function of the laser rock breaking test, enables the simulation test function to be more comprehensive, and provides more accurate and comprehensive theoretical support for actual laser rock breaking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser rock breaking, in particular to a laser rock breaking test method and system.
Background
The oil and gas resources stored underground are quite abundant, however, along with the long-time exploitation, the development of the underground mineral resources gradually goes to deep part, and the traditional drilling technology is difficult to effectively solve the drilling problem of deep complex stratum facing the characteristics of deep stratum high ground stress, high rock hardness, complex stratum and the like. The laser rock breaking technology also has good application prospect in deep resource exploitation due to the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, high reliability and the like, and becomes a hot spot for research in recent years. In addition, laser is used as a rock breaking tool with high energy density, the breaking mechanisms of different parameters such as power, power density and the like on different rock samples are different, meanwhile, the breaking mechanisms of different surrounding environment parameters of the rock on the rock samples are also different, the influence of the environment parameters on the laser breaking is the rock bearing pressure and the temperature of the rock, the prior art does not integrate an experimental device for researching the influence of different laser parameters on the laser breaking and the influence of different environment parameters on the laser breaking, and theory and data support cannot be provided on the actual laser breaking, so that the development of the laser breaking technology is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a laser rock breaking test method and a laser rock breaking test system, integrates the rock breaking process of researching laser under the actions of different repetition frequencies, different pulse widths and different powers and the rock breaking process under different rock environments, improves the function of laser rock breaking test, enables the simulation test function to be more comprehensive, and provides more accurate and comprehensive theoretical support for actual laser rock breaking.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a laser rock breaking test method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a rock sample in a cuboid shape and placing the rock sample on an experiment table;
s2, inputting initial pressure to a pressure sensor and initial temperature to an electric heating plate through a control system, and driving corresponding first pressurizing plates and second pressurizing plates to apply initial pressure to the side wall of a rock sample through a first cylinder and a second cylinder;
s3, the optical experiment platform drives the experiment table to ascend, the rock sample is clamped between the experiment table and the limiting plate under the action of the limiting plate, the experiment table applies initial pressure to the bottom surface of the rock sample, and the simulation pressure loading of the rock sample is completed;
s4, installing the optical fiber collimation focusing head in an experiment cavity, installing the experiment cavity on an optical experiment platform, and enabling the rock sample to be positioned in the experiment cavity, so that the optical fiber collimation focusing head is aligned to the upper surface of the rock sample;
s5, adjusting the shooting height of the imaging camera; the third cylinder stretches to drive the C-shaped seat to move up and down so as to adjust the shooting height of the imaging camera to enable the rock sample to be located in the shooting range of the imaging camera;
s6, adjusting the shooting angle of the imaging camera; the motor drives the screw rod to rotate, and the rectangular sliding block is in sliding connection with the base to limit the rotation freedom degree of the rectangular sliding block, so that the rectangular sliding block drives the conical tube to move along the axial direction of the screw rod, the height of the conical tube for supporting the imaging camera is changed, and the rock sample is positioned in the optimal shooting range of the imaging camera;
s7, starting an experiment; under the condition that the initial pressure and the initial temperature of the rock sample are unchanged, changing the output frequency, pulse width and output power of an optical fiber collimation focusing head through an optical fiber laser, detecting and recording experimental conditions in the rock breaking process in real time through an imaging camera, measuring the reflected power of the rock sample through a power test probe, and thus obtaining the absorption energy of the rock sample, and researching the laser rock breaking process and mechanism under the actions of different repetition frequencies, different pulse widths and different powers;
s8, under the condition that the initial temperature of the rock sample is unchanged and the output frequency, pulse width and output power of the optical fiber collimation focusing head are unchanged, changing the initial pressure of the rock sample, and researching the influence of the rock on the laser rock breaking process under the action of different pressures;
s9, changing the initial temperature of the rock sample under the condition that the initial pressure of the rock sample is unchanged and the output frequency, pulse width and output power of the optical fiber collimation focusing head are unchanged, and researching the influence of the rock on the laser rock breaking process under the action of different temperatures;
s10, analyzing the detected experimental data.
The laser rock breaking test system comprises an optical experiment platform, an experiment cavity, a laser generating device, a detection device and a clamping simulation system, wherein the experiment platform is arranged on the optical experiment platform and can move along the height direction of the optical experiment platform, a rectangular rock sample is placed on the experiment platform, the experiment cavity is arranged on the optical experiment platform and enables the rectangular rock sample to be located in the experiment cavity, and the detection device is arranged in the experiment cavity;
the laser generating device comprises an optical fiber laser and an optical fiber collimation focusing head connected with the optical fiber laser, the optical fiber laser is used for emitting laser with different powers, and the optical fiber collimation focusing head is arranged in the experimental cavity;
the clamping simulation system comprises two groups of limiting clamping mechanisms and two groups of clamping mechanisms, wherein the two groups of limiting clamping mechanisms and the two groups of clamping mechanisms respectively act on four side walls of the rectangular rock sample and are used for clamping the rectangular rock sample and applying experimental pressure;
the detection device comprises an imaging camera and a power test probe, wherein the base of the imaging camera is hinged to the inner wall of the experimental cavity, the imaging camera is used for shooting the rock breaking form of the surface of the rectangular rock sample, and the power test probe is used for measuring the reflected power of the surface of the rectangular rock sample.
Further, two sets of spacing fixture symmetry sets up, spacing fixture includes first cylinder and first pressure plate, the base of first cylinder is fixed to be set up on the optical experiment platform, first pressure plate is fixed to be set up on the telescopic shaft of first cylinder, the top of first pressure plate is fixed with the limiting plate, first pressure plate is laminated with the lateral wall of rectangle rock sample, the upper surface of limiting plate laminating rectangle rock sample.
Further, two groups of clamping mechanisms are symmetrically arranged, each clamping mechanism comprises a second air cylinder and a second pressurizing plate, the base of each second air cylinder is fixedly arranged on the optical experiment platform, each second pressurizing plate is fixedly arranged on the telescopic shaft of each second air cylinder, and each second pressurizing plate is attached to the side wall of the corresponding rectangular rock sample.
Further, the first pressurizing plate, the second pressurizing plate and the experiment table are respectively provided with an electric heating plate in an embedded mode, and the electric heating plates are attached to the outer wall of the rectangular rock sample.
Further, the first pressing plate, the second pressing plate and the experiment table are embedded with pressure sensors.
Further, the inner wall slip of experiment cavity is equipped with the draw runner, be fixed with C type seat on the draw runner, the below of draw runner is provided with the third cylinder, the telescopic shaft of third cylinder with the draw runner is fixed, the third cylinder is used for driving the draw runner is followed the direction of height of experiment cavity removes, be provided with the pivot in the C type seat, the pivot with C type seat fixed connection, imaging camera is located in the C type seat, imaging camera's base activity wears to establish in the pivot, be provided with angle adjustment mechanism on the draw runner, angle adjustment mechanism is located imaging camera's below, angle adjustment mechanism is used for adjusting imaging camera's angle of shooing.
Further, the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a base, a screw rod, a rectangular sliding block and a conical tube, wherein the base is fixedly arranged on the sliding strip, the base is L-shaped, one end of the screw rod is rotationally connected with the base, the rectangular sliding block is in threaded connection with the screw rod, the rectangular sliding block is in sliding connection with the base, the large-diameter end of the conical tube is far away from one end of the base and is fixed, the outer side wall of the conical tube is in contact with the imaging camera, one end of the base far away from the screw rod is provided with a motor, and an output shaft of the motor is in transmission connection with one end of the screw rod.
Further, the detection device also comprises an infrared imager, wherein the infrared imager is used for monitoring the temperature change of the rectangular rock sample under the laser rock breaking.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the laser rock breaking test method and system integrate the rock breaking process of researching laser under the actions of different repetition frequencies, different pulse widths and different powers with the rock breaking process under different rock environments, perfects the function of laser rock breaking test, enables the simulation test function to be more comprehensive, and provides more accurate and comprehensive theoretical support for actual laser rock breaking.
2. The shooting height and shooting angle of the imaging camera can be accurately adjusted, so that the rock sample falls in the optimal shooting range of the imaging camera, the imaging camera is ensured to clearly and completely monitor the whole laser rock breaking experimental process, and the follow-up more accurate analysis of laser rock breaking data is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a laser rock breaking test system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an optical experiment platform in a laser rock breaking test system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of an angle adjusting mechanism in a laser rock breaking test system according to the present invention;
in the figure, a 1-optical experiment platform, a 2-experiment cavity, a 3-clamping simulation system, a 4-experiment table, a 5-optical fiber laser, a 6-optical fiber collimation focusing head, a 7-limiting clamping mechanism, an 8-clamping mechanism, a 9-imaging camera, a 10-power test probe, an 11-first cylinder, a 12-first pressing plate, a 13-limiting plate, a 14-second cylinder, a 15-second pressing plate, a 16-electric heating plate, a 17-pressure sensor, a 18-C-shaped seat, a 19-rotating shaft, a 20-third cylinder, a 21-base, a 22-screw rod, a 23-rectangular sliding block, a 24-conical tube, a 25-infrared imaging instrument, a 26-motor and a 27-sliding strip.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a laser rock breaking test system comprises an optical experiment platform 1, an experiment cavity 2, a laser generating device, a detection device and a clamping simulation system 3, wherein the experiment platform 4 is arranged on the optical experiment platform 1, the experiment platform 4 can move along the height direction of the optical experiment platform 1, a rectangular rock sample is placed on the experiment platform 4, the experiment cavity 2 is arranged on the optical experiment platform 1 and enables the rectangular rock sample to be positioned in the experiment cavity 2, the detection device is arranged in the experiment cavity 2, the laser generating device comprises a fiber laser 5 and a fiber collimation focusing head 6 connected with the fiber laser 5, the fiber laser 5 is used for emitting laser with different powers, the fiber collimation focusing head 6 is arranged in the experiment cavity 2, and the fiber collimation focusing head 4 is fixed on the top of the inner cavity of the experiment cavity 2 through screws; the clamping simulation system 3 comprises two groups of limiting clamping mechanisms 7 and two groups of clamping mechanisms 8, wherein the two groups of limiting clamping mechanisms 7 and the two groups of clamping mechanisms 8 respectively act on four side walls of the rectangular rock sample and are used for clamping the rectangular rock sample and applying experimental pressure; placing the manufactured rock sample on an experiment table 4, and clamping the rock sample through two groups of limiting clamping mechanisms 7 and two groups of clamping mechanisms 8 for carrying out a laser rock breaking experiment; the detection device comprises an imaging camera 9 and a power test probe 10, wherein a base of the imaging camera 9 is hinged to the inner wall of the experimental cavity 2, the imaging camera 9 is used for shooting the rock breaking form of the surface of the rectangular rock sample, and the power test probe 10 is used for measuring the reflected power of the surface of the rectangular rock sample; the output frequency, pulse width and output power of the optical fiber collimation focusing head 6 are changed through the optical fiber laser 5, so that laser rock breaking processes and mechanisms under the actions of different repetition frequencies, different pulse widths and different powers are studied, finally, the rock breaking process of laser is shot through the imaging camera 9, the rock breaking form of the surface of a rock sample is obtained, the reflected power of the rock sample is measured through the power test probe 10, the absorption energy of the rock sample is obtained, the energy absorption condition of the rock sample under different powers of the optical fiber collimation focusing head 4 is obtained, the influence of different parameters of the laser on rock breaking is studied by an experimental device, experimental data support is provided for actual rock breaking, and the laser with proper parameters is conveniently selected according to the rock breaking experimental parameters of the laser in the actual rock breaking process, so that the rock breaking effect is guaranteed to be higher.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and 2, two groups of limiting clamping mechanisms 7 are symmetrically arranged, each limiting clamping mechanism 7 comprises a first air cylinder 11 and a first pressurizing plate 12, a base of each first air cylinder 11 is fixedly arranged on an optical experiment platform 1, each first pressurizing plate 12 is fixedly arranged on a telescopic shaft of each first air cylinder 11, a limiting plate 13 is fixedly arranged at the top of each first pressurizing plate 12, each first pressurizing plate 12 is attached to the side wall of a rectangular rock sample, each limiting plate 13 is attached to the upper surface of each rectangular rock sample, two groups of clamping mechanisms 8 are symmetrically arranged, each clamping mechanism 8 comprises a second air cylinder 14 and a second pressurizing plate 15, the base of each second air cylinder 14 is fixedly arranged on the optical experiment platform 1, each second pressurizing plate 15 is fixedly arranged on a telescopic shaft of each second air cylinder 14, each second pressurizing plate 15 is attached to the side wall of each rectangular rock sample, each first pressurizing plate 12, each second pressurizing plate 15 and each experiment platform 4 is embedded with an electric heating plate 16, each electric heating plate 16 is attached to the outer wall of the rectangular rock samples, and the electric heating plates 16 can ensure that parameters of an optical fiber focusing head 6 are attached to the rock sample by the outer side environment temperature simulated by the electric heating plates; the first pressurizing plate 12, the second pressurizing plate 15 and the experiment table 4 are embedded with the pressure sensor 17, the loading pressure of the rock sample is monitored through the pressure sensor 17, the parameters of the optical fiber collimation focusing head 6 and the temperature parameters of the electric heating plate 16 can be kept unchanged, the loading pressure of the rock sample is changed, and the influence on the laser rock breaking under different pressure conditions is studied; after the rock sample is placed on the experiment table 4, the experiment table 4 is driven to move downwards through the optical experiment table 1, the vertical distance between the experiment table 4 and the limiting plate 13 is larger than the height of the rock sample, then the first air cylinder 11 and the second air cylinder 14 are started, the first pressure applying plate 12 and the second pressure applying plate 15 are close to the rock sample to move, the rock sample is clamped and initial pressure is applied through the first pressure applying plate 12 and the second pressure applying plate 15, the experiment table 4 is driven to move upwards through the optical experiment table, initial pressure is applied to the bottom surface of the rock sample through the experiment table 4, the upper surface of the rock is in a bare state in the actual rock breaking process, the rock sample is not stressed, the rock sample is separated from the limiting plate 13 under the pressure of the first pressure applying plate 12 and the second pressure applying plate 15, the upper surface of the rock sample is not stressed, therefore, the loading of the pressure is more practical, even if the condition that the rock sample moves upwards due to the fact that the pressure is applied to the bottom surface of the rock sample through the experiment table 4, the movement of the rock sample is limited under the limiting action of the limiting plate 13, the bottom surface of the rock sample is guaranteed to bear initial pressure, and under the action of the first pressurizing plate 12 and the second pressurizing plate 15, the friction force between the first pressurizing plate 12 and the rock sample and the friction force between the second pressurizing plate 15 and the rock sample are greatly increased, so that the contact pressure of the rock sample and the limiting plate 13 is far smaller than the initial pressure, the influence of the rock sample on the rock breaking experiment result due to the fact that the rock sample is even in contact with the limiting plate 13 is negligible, and the arrangement of the limiting plate 13 can guarantee that the bottom surface of the rock sample is subjected to the pressure required by the experiment, and therefore the rock breaking experiment is more accurate; in specific implementation, the bottom of the experimental cavity 2 is provided with an opening, the top of the experimental cavity 5 is made of transparent materials, such as glass, and when the experimental cavity 2 is installed, the relative position relationship between the optical fiber collimation focusing head 4 and the rock sample is conveniently observed through the top of the experimental cavity 2, so that the installation of the experimental cavity 2 is more accurate; it is worth noting that the loading temperature, the environment temperature and the parameters of the laser of the rock sample can be set with variable and quantitative, two groups of parameters can be changed, and the other group of parameters are set to be constant values, so that the influence of different change parameter combinations on the laser rock breaking result is studied.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and 3, a slide bar 27 is slidably arranged on the inner wall of the experiment cavity 2, a C-shaped seat 18 is fixed on the slide bar 27, a third cylinder 20 is arranged below the slide bar 27, a telescopic shaft of the third cylinder 20 is fixed with the slide bar 27, the third cylinder 20 is used for driving the slide bar 27 to move along the height direction of the experiment cavity 2, a rotating shaft 19 is arranged in the C-shaped seat 18, the rotating shaft 19 is fixedly connected with the C-shaped seat 18, an imaging camera 9 is positioned in the C-shaped seat 18, a base of the imaging camera 9 is movably arranged on the rotating shaft 19 in a penetrating manner, an angle adjusting mechanism is arranged on the slide bar 27 and is positioned below the imaging camera 9, and the angle adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting a photographing angle of the imaging camera 9; the shooting height of the imaging camera 9 is adjusted through the third air cylinder 20, specifically, the third air cylinder 20 is vertically arranged on the inner wall of the experimental cavity 2, the sliding bar 27 is driven to move up and down through the expansion and contraction of the third air cylinder 20, and then the C-shaped seat 18 and the angle adjusting mechanism on the sliding bar 27 are driven to move up and down, so that the shooting height of the imaging camera 9 is changed, and a rock sample falls in the shooting range of the imaging camera 9; the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a base 21, a screw rod 22, a rectangular sliding block 23 and a conical tube 24, wherein the base 21 is fixedly arranged on a sliding strip 27, the base 21 is L-shaped, one end of the screw rod 22 is rotationally connected with the base 21, the rectangular sliding block 23 is in threaded connection with the screw rod 22, the rectangular sliding block 23 is in sliding connection with the base 21, the large-diameter end of the conical tube 24 is fixedly connected with one end of the rectangular sliding block 23 far away from the base 21, the outer side wall of the conical tube 24 is contacted with the imaging camera 9, one end of the base 21 far away from the screw rod 22 is provided with a motor 26, an output shaft of the motor 26 is in transmission connection with one end of the screw rod 22, the shooting angle of the imaging camera 9 is adjusted through the angle adjusting mechanism, in particular, the motor 26 drives the screw rod 22 to rotate, and the rectangular sliding block 23 drives the conical tube 24 to axially move along the screw rod 22 due to limiting the rotational freedom degree of the rectangular sliding block 23, so that the conical tube 24 supports the height of the imaging camera 9, a rock sample is positioned in an optimal shooting range of the imaging camera 9, the whole laser breaking experiment process is monitored, and the subsequent clear and accurate laser breaking data are convenient; it is worth noting that the moving distance of the rectangular sliding block 23 in unit time is shorter by adopting the screw rod 22 transmission relative to the cylinder transmission, and meanwhile, the imaging camera 9 can accurately adjust the shooting angle in a small range by matching with the inclined surface of the conical tube 24, and the rotation angle of the imaging camera 9 can be changed by adopting the conical tubes 24 with different conicity.
Further, the detection device further comprises an infrared imager 25, wherein the infrared imager 25 is used for monitoring the temperature change of the rectangular rock sample under the laser rock breaking; the infrared imager 25 also adopts the adjustment mode of the imaging camera 9 to adjust the height and the imaging angle, namely, the infrared imager 25 also realizes the height adjustment through a sliding base, and then the angle adjusting mechanism is arranged to adjust the imaging angle of the infrared imager 25, so that the infrared imager 25 can monitor the temperature change of the rock sample more clearly and accurately, and the monitoring result is more accurate.
According to the above, the experimental method for performing the laser rock breaking experiment by using the laser rock breaking test system comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a rock sample in a cuboid shape and placing the rock sample on a laboratory table 4;
s2, inputting initial pressure to a pressure sensor 17 and initial temperature to an electric heating plate 16 through a control system, and driving corresponding first pressurizing plate 12 and second pressurizing plate 15 to apply initial pressure to the side wall of the rock sample through a first cylinder 11 and a second cylinder 14;
s3, the optical experiment platform 1 drives the experiment table 4 to ascend, and the rock sample is clamped between the experiment table 4 and the limiting plate 13 under the action of the limiting plate 13, so that the experiment table 4 applies initial pressure to the bottom surface of the rock sample, and the simulated pressure loading of the rock sample is completed;
s4, installing the optical fiber collimating focusing head 4 in the experiment cavity 2, installing the experiment cavity 2 on the optical experiment platform 1, and enabling the rock sample to be positioned in the experiment cavity 2, so that the optical fiber collimating focusing head 4 is aligned to the upper surface of the rock sample;
s5, adjusting the shooting height of the imaging camera 9; the third cylinder 20 stretches and contracts to drive the C-shaped seat 18 to move up and down, so that the shooting height of the imaging camera 9 is adjusted to enable the rock sample to be located in the shooting range of the imaging camera 9;
s6, adjusting the shooting angle of the imaging camera 9; the motor 26 drives the screw rod 22 to rotate, and the rectangular sliding block 23 is in sliding connection with the base 21 to limit the rotation freedom degree of the rectangular sliding block 23, so that the rectangular sliding block 23 drives the conical tube 24 to move along the axial direction of the screw rod 22, the height of the conical tube 24 for supporting the imaging camera 9 is changed, and the rock sample is located in the optimal shooting range of the imaging camera 9;
s7, starting an experiment; under the condition that the initial pressure and the initial temperature of the rock sample are unchanged, the output frequency, the pulse width and the output power of the optical fiber collimation focusing head 6 are changed through the optical fiber laser 5, experimental conditions in the rock breaking process are detected and recorded in real time through the imaging camera 9, the reflected power of the rock sample is measured through the power test probe 10, so that the absorption energy of the rock sample is obtained, and the laser rock breaking process and mechanism under the actions of different repetition frequencies, different pulse widths and different powers are studied;
s8, under the condition that the initial temperature of the rock sample is unchanged and the output frequency, pulse width and output power of the optical fiber collimation focusing head 6 are unchanged, changing the initial pressure of the rock sample, and researching the influence of the rock on the laser rock breaking process under the action of different pressures;
s9, changing the initial temperature of the rock sample under the condition that the initial pressure of the rock sample is unchanged and the output frequency, pulse width and output power of the optical fiber collimation focusing head 6 are unchanged, and researching the influence of the rock on the laser rock breaking process under the action of different temperatures;
s10, analyzing the detected experimental data.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of modifications within the scope of the inventive concept, either as taught or as a matter of routine skill or knowledge in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The laser rock breaking test method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, manufacturing a rock sample in a cuboid shape and placing the rock sample on a laboratory bench (4);
s2, inputting initial pressure to a pressure sensor (17) and initial temperature to an electric heating plate (16) through a control system, and driving a corresponding first pressurizing plate (12) and a corresponding second pressurizing plate (15) to apply initial pressure to the side wall of a rock sample through a first air cylinder (11) and a second air cylinder (14);
s3, the optical experiment platform (1) drives the experiment table (4) to ascend, the rock sample is clamped between the experiment table (4) and the limiting plate (13) under the action of the limiting plate (13), so that the experiment table (4) applies initial pressure to the bottom surface of the rock sample, and the simulation pressure loading of the rock sample is completed;
s4, installing the optical fiber collimation focusing head (6) in the experiment cavity (2), and then installing the experiment cavity (2) on the optical experiment platform (1) and enabling the rock sample to be positioned in the experiment cavity (2), so that the optical fiber collimation focusing head (6) is aligned to the upper surface of the rock sample;
s5, adjusting the shooting height of an imaging camera (9); the third cylinder (20) stretches to drive the C-shaped seat (18) to move up and down, so that the shooting height of the imaging camera (9) is adjusted to enable the rock sample to be located in the shooting range of the imaging camera (9);
s6, adjusting the shooting angle of the imaging camera (9); the motor (26) drives the screw rod (22) to rotate, and the rectangular sliding block (23) is in sliding connection with the base (21) to limit the rotation freedom degree of the rectangular sliding block (23), so that the rectangular sliding block (23) drives the conical tube (24) to move along the axial direction of the screw rod (22), the height of the conical tube (24) for supporting the imaging camera (9) is changed, and a rock sample is positioned in the optimal shooting range of the imaging camera (9);
s7, starting an experiment; under the condition that the initial pressure and the initial temperature of the rock sample are unchanged, the output frequency, the pulse width and the output power of an optical fiber collimation focusing head (6) are changed through an optical fiber laser (5), experimental conditions in the rock breaking process are detected and recorded in real time through an imaging camera (9), the reflected power of the rock sample is measured through a power test probe (10), so that the absorbed energy of the rock sample is obtained, and the laser rock breaking process and mechanism under the actions of different repetition frequencies, different pulse widths and different powers are studied;
s8, under the condition that the initial temperature of the rock sample is unchanged and the output frequency, pulse width and output power of the optical fiber collimation focusing head (6) are unchanged, changing the initial pressure of the rock sample, and researching the influence of the rock on the laser rock breaking process under the action of different pressures;
s9, changing the initial temperature of the rock sample under the condition that the initial pressure of the rock sample is unchanged and the output frequency, pulse width and output power of the optical fiber collimation focusing head (6) are unchanged, and researching the influence of the rock on the laser rock breaking process under the action of different temperatures;
s10, analyzing the detected experimental data.
2. A test system using a laser rock breaking test method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising an optical experiment platform (1), an experiment cavity (2), a laser generating device, a detection device and a clamping simulation system (3), wherein the experiment platform (1) is provided with an experiment table (4), the experiment table (4) can move along the height direction of the optical experiment platform (1), a rectangular rock sample is placed on the experiment table (4), the experiment cavity (2) is arranged on the optical experiment platform (1) and enables the rectangular rock sample to be positioned in the experiment cavity (2), and the detection device is arranged in the experiment cavity (2);
the laser generating device comprises a fiber laser (5) and a fiber collimation focusing head (6) connected with the fiber laser (5), wherein the fiber laser (5) is used for emitting laser with different powers, and the fiber collimation focusing head (6) is arranged in the experiment cavity (2);
the clamping simulation system (3) comprises two groups of limiting clamping mechanisms (7) and two groups of clamping mechanisms (8), wherein the two groups of limiting clamping mechanisms (7) and the two groups of clamping mechanisms (8) respectively act on four side walls of the rectangular rock sample and are used for clamping the rectangular rock sample and applying experimental pressure;
the detection device comprises an imaging camera (9) and a power test probe (10), wherein the base of the imaging camera (9) is hinged to the inner wall of the experimental cavity (2), the imaging camera (9) is used for shooting the rock breaking form of the surface of the rectangular rock sample, and the power test probe (10) is used for measuring the reflected power of the surface of the rectangular rock sample.
3. The test system according to claim 2, wherein the two groups of limiting and clamping mechanisms (7) are symmetrically arranged, the limiting and clamping mechanisms (7) comprise a first air cylinder (11) and a first pressing plate (12), a base of the first air cylinder (11) is fixedly arranged on the optical experiment platform (1), the first pressing plate (12) is fixedly arranged on a telescopic shaft of the first air cylinder (11), a limiting plate (13) is fixedly arranged at the top of the first pressing plate (12), the first pressing plate (12) is attached to the side wall of the rectangular rock sample, and the limiting plate (13) is attached to the upper surface of the rectangular rock sample.
4. A test system according to claim 3, characterized in that the two groups of clamping mechanisms (8) are symmetrically arranged, the clamping mechanisms (8) comprise a second air cylinder (14) and a second pressurizing plate (15), the base of the second air cylinder (14) is fixedly arranged on the optical experiment platform (1), the second pressurizing plate (15) is fixedly arranged on a telescopic shaft of the second air cylinder (14), and the second pressurizing plate (15) is attached to the side wall of the rectangular rock sample.
5. The test system according to claim 4, wherein the first pressurizing plate (12), the second pressurizing plate (15) and the experiment table (4) are provided with an electric heating plate (16) in an embedded manner, and the electric heating plate (16) is attached to the outer wall of the rectangular rock sample.
6. The test system according to claim 5, characterized in that the first pressure applying plate (12), the second pressure applying plate (15) and the laboratory bench (4) are each provided with pressure sensors (17) embedded therein.
7. The test system according to claim 2, wherein the inner wall of the experiment cavity (2) is slidably provided with a slide bar (27), a C-shaped seat (18) is fixed on the slide bar (27), a third cylinder (20) is arranged below the slide bar (27), a telescopic shaft of the third cylinder (20) is fixed with the slide bar (27), the third cylinder (20) is used for driving the slide bar (27) to move along the height direction of the experiment cavity (2), a rotating shaft (19) is arranged in the C-shaped seat (18), the rotating shaft (19) is fixedly connected with the C-shaped seat (18), the imaging camera (9) is positioned in the C-shaped seat (18), a base of the imaging camera (9) is movably arranged on the rotating shaft (19) in a penetrating manner, an angle adjusting mechanism is arranged on the slide bar (27), and the angle adjusting mechanism is positioned below the imaging camera (9) and is used for adjusting the photographing angle of the imaging camera (9).
8. The test system according to claim 7, wherein the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a base (21), a screw rod (22), a rectangular sliding block (23) and a conical tube (24), the base (21) is fixedly arranged on the sliding bar (27), the base (21) is in an L-shaped, one end of the screw rod (22) is rotationally connected with the base (21), the rectangular sliding block (23) is in threaded connection with the screw rod (22), the rectangular sliding block (23) is in sliding connection with the base (21), the large-diameter end of the conical tube (24) is fixed with the end, away from the base (21), of the rectangular sliding block (23), the outer side wall of the conical tube (24) is in contact with the imaging camera (9), the end, away from the screw rod (22), of the base (21) is provided with a motor (26), and the output shaft of the motor (26) is in transmission connection with one end of the screw rod (22).
9. The test system according to claim 2, wherein the detection device further comprises an infrared imager (25), the infrared imager (25) being adapted to monitor temperature changes of the rectangular rock sample under laser rock breaking.
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| CN114264568B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-01-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Alternating rock breaking test system based on laser melting-supercooled liquid jet |
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