CN1270160C - Method and device for real non-destructive determination of residual stresses in objects by optical holographic interferometry technique - Google Patents
Method and device for real non-destructive determination of residual stresses in objects by optical holographic interferometry technique Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005210 holographic interferometry Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001093 holography Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
- G01B9/021—Interferometers using holographic techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
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Abstract
This invention relates to a method and device for non-destructive testing of details, machine units and mechanisms, various materials, and in particular, to a method and device for non-destructive determination of residual stresses which are based on the optical holographic interferometry technique. First, a hologram of the investigation area of the object in its initial state is registered. Then the release of the residual stresses in an investigation point in the investigation area is performed by exposing the surface of the object to a high-current electric pulse with rectangular shape. Finally, an interferogram of the exact same area of the object is made, and the residual stresses at the investigation area are determined from the shape and size of the fringes in the interferogram.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to the non-destructive method and the equipment of part, machine part and mechanical hook-up, various materials, be specifically related to method and apparatus based on optical holography interference technique nondestructive inspection of residual stress.
Background
The optical holography interference technique is well suited for the inherent vice of parts, weld seam on the Non-Destructive Testing machinery and equipment, and the stress of object under the testing load, and the unrelieved stress that is caused by technological processs such as welding, forging, solders.These are used for all being useful such as offshore oil industry, shipping industry, processing industry, aircraft industry and all kinds building field.In these occasions, intensity is vital, and perhaps fatigue may have problems.
Academic journals " Welding Engineering " (welding engineering) 1983, Vol.12 provides an example measuring the technology status of unrelieved stress in the object with the holographic interference method in P.26-28.Article has been described boring a little shallow hole on the object and has been used for the equipment and the method for a kind of typical mensuration unrelieved stress on the basis of stress relief, and the holographic interference technique that is determined at get into the cave edge and near body surface displacement also described in article.This method principle can be expressed as follows: at first with the object detection area hologram record under the virgin state, be developed on the recording medium.Secondly, by on object, boring the mode of duck eye, discharge any unrelieved stress of object detection area.Then,, reach, simultaneously respectively with reference beam and object beam irradiation the object detection area of getting into the cave is arranged to having the recording medium of the developed image of surveyed area under the original state.Determine the unrelieved stress component by the interference pattern that appears on the hologram.
This equipment and operation steps thereof are shown in Fig. 1-3.Be used to form and write down the equipment of the hologram in a zone in the object (10), and after object detection point (14) unrelieved stress discharges, be used to form reference number among the equipment of this regional interferogram such as Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and provide for the optics diagram of (1).These parts comprise coherent source (2), have the hologram-interferometer of the optical element (3-4) that forms reference beam (5) and object beam (6), and recording medium (7).All parts are rigidly connected all interrelatedly.Optics also comprises the response part (8) of precision equipment, and this equipment is used to make the optics on object (10) accurately to locate (the corresponding acceptance part (9) of precision equipment is fixed on object (10)) above zone to be detected.Mechanical part (11) diagram in check point (14) upper drill hole equipment such as Fig. 2 provides.The typical sizes in hole: diameter is 1-3mm, and the degree of depth is up to 1.5-2.0 times of diameter.In addition, also has the instrument (is a TV-camera (12) and a display screen (13) at this) that shows with the observation interferogram.
Operation of equipment can be divided into for three steps.The first step is the record of the hologram of object detection area; Second step was that the unrelieved stress of the check point in the object area of studying discharges; The 3rd step was the formation of the object area interferogram of studying, and unrelieved stress is determined in the point of institute's survey region.Let us is progressively investigated the operation of equipment.
The first step
At first, the receiving unit (9) of precision equipment is fixed on (see figure 1) on the surveyed area of object (10).Then, be connected on the receiving unit (9), optics (1) be installed in above the surveyed area of object (10), the hologram of record surveyed area by response part (8) with precision equipment.Whole process is carried out as follows:
With the light beam expansion of lenticule (3) with coherent source (2).The part mirror (4) that is reflected of expansion light beam reflexes to recording medium (7).Usually, this part is named as reference beam (5).Another part of expansion light beam is mapped to the surveyed area (14) of object, and reflexes to recording medium (7) from that.This part is named as object beam (6).When object beam and reference beam meet, just interfere, produce the hologram image of institute's survey region of object.This image writes down with recording medium (7) and develops.
After hologram image developed, the hologram of institute's survey region just can be restored (promptly by the light wave of the surveyed area scattering of object, restoring in recording medium (7) back).For this purpose, need with reference beam (5) irradiation recording medium (7) (it contains the hologram image that developed).
Index path is selected like this, makes for the displacement of body surface normal direction to have maximum sensitivity.Finish after the hologram image record of institute's survey region, optical devices (1) are removed from body surface.
Second step
Mechanical part (11) is installed to (see figure 2) on the survey region of object, locates to bore a little and shallow hole at the check point (14) of object (10) with this device.Because unrelieved stress discharges near the edge, hole, cause the surface of institute's survey region around the hole that deformation takes place, measure the normal component of hole edge surface displacement.
The 3rd step
At first, utilize precision equipment (8,9), optical devices (1) are very accurately reinstalled to detect the original position that the first step had.Alignment error should be less than a wavelength.Then, with reference beam (5) irradiation recording medium (hologram image of the development of the object area original state that possesses some special knowledge on the recording medium), use object beam (6) irradiation that institute's survey region of getting into the cave is arranged simultaneously.
So, will arrive recording medium (7) back side simultaneously by the two-beam ripple of the surveyed area scattering of object.One of in the two-beam ripple corresponding to light wave by institute's survey region scattering of (before getting into the cave) object under the virgin state.And another Shu Guangbo is corresponding to the light wave by institute's survey region scattering that the object of getting into the cave is arranged.As these optical interference result, formed the interferogram (15) of institute's survey region that (see figure 3) can observe.For example, show with TV-camera (12) with by suitable device (13).From interferogram, can measure the surface displacement normal component at edge, hole.In the either direction of being considered, for example, along the X-axle, the surface displacement (W at edge, hole
x) normal component will equal number of interference fringes (N) (observed in selected direction), multiply by half of wavelength (L), and removed it by the sine of the incident angle of object beam (6).Unrelieved stress just can calculate with the displacement normal component measured value at edge, hole.This can finish as follows.
Under the weld seam situation, aluminium sheet for example, main unrelieved stress Q
XX, Q
YYPoint to respectively and be parallel and perpendicular to weld seam.Interferogram is made of orthogonal two pairs of lobes (15), and these two pairs of lobes are illustrated and are apparent in upward (see figure 3) of display screen (13).In this case, principle stress Q
XX, Q
YYThe surface displacement normal component W that passes through the edge, hole of use measuring from theoretical expression (1) and (2) of simplification
XAnd W
Y, and suppose the degree of depth (h that gets into the cave
s) be less than or equal to hole radius (r
s) determine:
R wherein
1For in the interferogram near the coordinate figure of bore edges short range black wavestrip, W
1x, W
2xBe two parameters, they equal at first to be applied to the X-direction of principal axis (as definite W
1xThe time) during unit stress, the edge, hole is along X-axle surface displacement normal component; Then, be applied to the Y-direction of principal axis (as definite W
2xThe time) during unit stress, the edge, hole is along X-axle surface displacement normal component, and according to the material of being studied, under unit stress, from W
2x, W
1xWith r
sTo h
sThe theoretical dependence of ratio can obtain.E and E
ALBe respectively the elastic modulus of institute's research material and aluminium.
Yet there are substantial shortcoming in the method for said determination unrelieved stress and instrument:
1) the object upper drill hole of unrelieved stress must to detected.Therefore, this method is destructive test, and this obviously, can't receive concerning many objects with using.
2) get into the cave before, must will have the optical devices of hologram-interferometer, remove from institute's survey region of object, very accurately reinstall to its original position again.Like this, increase the time consumption of measuring on the one hand greatly, therefore, the mensuration of unrelieved stress can not be finished in the yardstick in real time.On the other hand, on institute's survey region of object, locate, need to use point-device adjusting precision equipment in order to make optical devices.
For eliminating above-mentioned shortcoming,, in the patent US 5432595 that authorizes Pechersky, described in the improvement of being done aspect the equipment of measuring unrelieved stress.This equipment and operation steps thereof, diagram provides in Fig. 4-6.See that by figure this equipment has and the similar optics of the said equipment (Fig. 1-3).And mechanical part is replaced by the light-pulse generator of infrared radiation (IR) (16) and catoptron (17).Catoptron makes the check point on the selected object of IR-pulse aligning.
Operation of equipment also is made up of three steps, promptly writes down the hologram (see figure 4) of object detection area, then discharges the unrelieved stress (see figure 5) of check point, forms the interferogram (Fig. 6) of institute's survey region at last.In this case,, change the temperature of mecystasis into, reach the release of unrelieved stress up to material with IR-impulse radiation heating check point.Different with said method, this method has been eliminated between the first step and the 3rd step hologram record, need remove the step of holographic apparatus (1).Therefore, in fact after the IR-impulse radiation of implementing check point, in a flash, promptly in real-time yardstick, obtain the interferogram of surveyed area.
But this apparatus and method for also has the shortcoming that can not be ignored, and can be summarized as follows:
1) on IR-impulse radiation zone, energy distribution deviates from rectangle, and heat is from the object detection point dissipation of IR-impulse radiation, so cause the obscurity boundary of unrelieved stress point of release unclear.This just can not utilize formula (1) and (2), by the measurement result of surface displacement normal component, quantitatively determines unrelieved stress.This also makes from the mensuration of surface displacement normal component, and the analytical expression of quantitatively determining unrelieved stress that obtains in succession becomes problem, causes the unrelieved stress that is difficult to determine the object specified point.
2) because the heating check point up to discharging unrelieved stress, changes the temperature of mecystasis into, then be limited to the unrelieved stress effect of hot spot outside, not only around hot spot, and body surface deformation all will take place in hot spot itself.This is another evidence of the above-mentioned conclusion that provides, the analytical expression that promptly this equipment can not utilize formula (1) and (2) to provide.Because these two formula applicable elements are suppose to produce stress relief in the point on obvious border is arranged, and deformation not to take place in the zone of release stress.And then owing to determine the inaccuracy on stress release region border, material changes mecystasis in the stress release region, and stress release region deformation, causes the problem of the new analytical expression that will obtain quantitatively determining unrelieved stress very complicated.This at most also can only be used to show unrelieved stress with regard to the equipment that the let us imagination will be considered.
3) with the IR-PULSE HEATING during the transition temperature, will be produced new stress by the inner structural change that takes place of spot of radiation.Stress that these are new and unrelieved stress are limited in unrelieved stress release areas outside together, make by radiation areas and deformation on every side thereof.Therefore,, not only can not quantitatively determine unrelieved stress, and even can not determine main unrelieved stress direction from by the distribution of spot of radiation outside method translational component.For example, under the equipment situation of weld seam and foregoing definite unrelieved stress, the lobe of interferogram (15) (see figure 3) is corresponding to main unrelieved stress direction.And use this equipment, and interferogram (around the weld residual stress release areas) is very complicated, and it is represented to be different from Fig. 3 fully.Therefore, in fact, can not determine main unrelieved stress direction.
Goal of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is with the holographic interference technique that overcomes above-mentioned shortcoming, and a kind of equipment and method are provided, unrelieved stress in the actual harmless The real time measure material.
With the holographic interference technique that discharges unrelieved stress in the obvious borderline region can be arranged of object, a kind of equipment and method are provided, carry out the harmless The real time measure of unrelieved stress in the material, also be one of the object of the invention.
Another object of the present invention is with the holographic interference technique of the structure that can use the given calculating unrelieved stress in equation (1) and (2), and a kind of equipment and method are provided, and carries out the harmless The real time measure of unrelieved stress in the material.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 illustrates with the optical holography interference technique according to present art technology level, carries out the index path and the block diagram of the equipment that residual tensions is measured in the object.The first step of diagram assay method, under the record original state, the hologram image of object detection area.
Fig. 2 illustrates with the optical holography interference technique according to present art technology level, carries out the block diagram of the mechanical part of the equipment that residual tensions is measured in the object.In second step of diagram assay method,, get into the cave at the check point of object for discharging unrelieved stress.
Fig. 3 illustrates with the optical holography interference technique according to present art technology level, carries out the index path and the block diagram of the equipment of residual stress analysis in the object.The 3rd step of diagram assay method, the interferogram of acquisition object detection area.
Fig. 4-6 illustrates the optical holography interference technique of using according to US patent 5432595, carries out the index path and the block diagram of the equipment that residual tensions is measured in the object.Fig. 4 shows the first step of assay method, and Fig. 5 was second step, and Fig. 6 was the 3rd step.
Fig. 7 illustrates and uses according to optical holography interference technique of the present invention, carries out the index path and the block diagram of the equipment of residual tensions non-destructive determination in the object.The diagram assay method the first step, the record object detection area with reference to hologram image.
Fig. 8 illustrates and uses according to optical holography interference technique of the present invention, carries out the index path and the block diagram of the equipment of residual tensions non-destructive determination in the object.Second step of diagram assay method, the unrelieved stress of harmless releaser health check-up measuring point.
Fig. 9 illustrates and uses according to optical holography interference technique of the present invention, carries out the index path and the block diagram of the equipment of the non-destructive determination of residual tensions in the object.The 3rd of diagram assay method goes on foot, and obtains the interferogram of object detection area.
Figure 10 is illustrated in an example of the commissure generation interferogram of aluminium sheet flat board.Wherein carried out the harmless release of unrelieved stress according to the present invention.
The invention summary
Purpose of the present invention can be reached by the equipment that discloses in the following narration and method.
The invention provides a kind of method of measuring the object detection area residual stress with the real-time optical holographic interference technique, wherein, at first, the hologram of object detection area under the record original state, then in the little position in surveyed area, discharge residual stress, after the interference pattern of surveyed area forms, can determine to have discharged any surface displacement normal component of border, position of residual stress from conoscope image, and then, use normal component, use theoretical expression (1) and (2), can calculate the residual stress of release
It is characterized in that, make the surface, a little position of object detection area, be exposed under the current impulse, realize that unrelieved stress discharges, wherein current impulse has rectangular shape, the pulse parameter scope: pulse-response amplitude is 1.5-20kA, and the duration of pulse is 10
-6-2 * 10
-1S, repetition frequency for greater than 0Hz to being lower than 100Hz,
Q wherein
xBe along the axial main unrelieved stress of X-, Q
yBe along the axial main unrelieved stress of Y-, W
x, W
yBe any surface displacement normal component of the border, position that discharged unrelieved stress, the degree of depth h of surveyed area
sBe less than or equal to the surveyed area radius r
s, r
1For in the interferogram near the coordinate figure of surveyed area edge short range black wavestrip, W
1x, W
2xBe two parameters, they equal at first to apply unit stress at the Y-direction of principal axis then at the X-direction of principal axis, and surveyed area is along X-direction of principal axis surface displacement normal component; And according to the material of being studied, under unit stress, from W
2x, W
1xWith r
sTo h
sThe theoretical dependence of ratio can obtain and E and E
ALBe respectively the elastic modulus of institute's research material and aluminium.Preferably when under aluminium object situation, the current impulse amplitude is 2kA, and the duration is 0.15s.
The present invention also provides a kind of use optical holography interference technique, carry out the equipment of the real non-destructive determination of unrelieved stress in the object detection area, comprise and contain coherent source, hologram-interferometer, the optics of recording medium, in a little position of object detection area, discharge the parts of unrelieved stress, and with the facility of optic stationary on object, it is characterized in that, the parts that are used for unrelieved stress release are electronic units (18,19), it is integrated among the optics, can superincumbent home position and following extended position between move, the position of putting down, the surveyed area of it and object is set up and is electrically contacted, locate with a little position (14) in surveyed area, current impulse is added to body surface, wherein said current impulse has rectangular shape, the pulse parameter scope: pulse-response amplitude is 1.5-20kA, and the duration of pulse is 10
-6-2 * 10
-1S, repetition frequency is to being lower than 100Hz greater than 0Hz.Preferably with the semisphere that radius is 1.5-5mm that is shaped as of the contacted transmitting electrode parts in object detection surface.
In a preferred embodiment, being used for the parts that unrelieved stress discharges comprises:
-one electric current micropulser and
-one has the transmitting electrode that clamps device, clamping device is electrically connected with pulse producer, so that the path of electric current rect.p. through contact between transmitting electrode and the object detection area surface to be provided, " dislocation " that be used for unrelieved stress discharges, preferably the transmitting electrode that is connected with pulse producer can provide rectangular current pulses for the object detection area surface.
In a preferred embodiment, this equipment has wedge is introduced the facility that the reference beam light path is used for determining surface displacement normal component symbol.
Purpose of the present invention can be by making certain position (check point) of object detection area, and " dislocation " that stand unrelieved stress discharges and reach.Obtaining this result's method for optimizing, is to allow the object detection point stand high-current pulse.Because like this can very fast release unrelieved stress, and need not the mobile optical device.During being exposed to electric pulse, electronic switch that energy advanced by orientation takes place to dislocation.The magneto dynamics effect of the impact compress of this phenomenon and surveyed area (electron stream passes through) causes the directed movement of dislocation and unrelieved stress to discharge.Therefore realize that unrelieved stress discharges, and do not cause that material transition is a plasticity.And, can form zone with obvious border.Therefore, if adopt the optics be similar to described in the prior art, device is also included within the body surface check point and adds the equipment that electric pulse discharges unrelieved stress simultaneously, has just overcome the shortcoming of the said equipment and method.Can also when calculating unrelieved stress, the analytical expression that utilizes equation (1) and (2) to provide use the experience of generally acknowledging, and the measuring result of the residual component of surface displacement method on applied stress release areas border.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Now, with reference to figure 7-9, the present invention is described in more detail.Have the index path of equipment of claim and block representation in Fig. 7.As seen from the figure, this equipment is made up of the electronic unit of " dislocation " release of optics (1) and unrelieved stress.Form and write down the hologram in a zone of object with optics (1), and form the interferogram of the above-mentioned zone after the release unrelieved stress.Optics has the hologram-interferometer of the optical element (3-4) of formation reference beam (5) and object beam (6) by coherent source (2), and recording medium (7) is formed.All elements in the optics (1) all are rigidly connected mutually.Optics also is included as the location, and makes it to be fixed on the equipment (8) on the object (10).The electronic unit that is used for " dislocation " release of unrelieved stress is used for the harmless release of unrelieved stress in a certain zone of object (surveyed area).Electronic unit comprises can produce high electric current micropulser (18) (pulse parameter scope: amplitude 2-10kA, duration of pulse 0.005-0.2s, repetition frequency 0.1-100Hz) and transmitting electrode (19).This electrode has the clamping device that links to each other with generator.The base stage of transmitting electrode is that the hemisphere of 1.5-5mm is made by radius.Transmitting electrode and clamping device structurally, all are installed in optics (1) the inside.
As art methods, the method for claim that is used to carry out the non-destructive determination of unrelieved stress was divided into for three steps: under the record original state, and the hologram image of object detection area; Unrelieved stress in the one little position of release surveyed area; Form the interferogram of surveyed area.Available interferogram determine to discharge the surface displacement normal component of the zone boundary of unrelieved stress, and then, can calculate the unrelieved stress of release with the surface displacement normal component.
First step (see figure 7) is similar to the first step of the above-mentioned art methods that provides in many aspects.Therefore, no longer described at this.We to know all be the hologram image of object detection area and comprise the optics (1) that it is risen to the transmitting electrode (19) that clamps device having of higher position before being stored in unrelieved stress in the recording medium (7) and discharging.
Second step was that unrelieved stress discharges.In this step (see figure 8), will have the transmitting electrode (19) that clamps device and be reduced to object detection point is connected with electrode.Then, in order in a little position (0.5-1mm) of check point, to discharge unrelieved stress, send current impulse and pass through tie point.After the pulse emission, will have the transmitting electrode (19) that clamps device again and rise to its higher position.
In the 3rd step (see figure 9), by using reference beam (5) irradiation recording medium (to contain under the original state simultaneously, the development hologram image of object detection area) with object beam (6) irradiating object surveyed area (unrelieved stress discharge after), forms the interferogram of object detection area.So,, have the two-beam ripple simultaneously at recording medium (7) back side.Before one of them discharges corresponding to unrelieved stress, the light wave of object detection area scattering, after another discharges corresponding to unrelieved stress, the light wave of object detection area scattering.This two-beam wave interference result, the interferogram of formation object detection area.Can use, for example, TV-camera (12) is noted.In order to study, also interferogram can be sent to display (13).
As an example, Figure 10 illustrates the interferogram photo of institute's survey region of weld seam between the two plane aluminium sheets that discharge unrelieved stress.Utilize interferogram to determine the surface displacement normal component of the zone boundary of release unrelieved stress.In selected direction, discharge the surface displacement normal component of the zone boundary of unrelieved stress, equal 1/2 of number of interference fringes (observing) rider length in choice direction, removed it by the sine of object beam incident angle again.With above-mentioned normal component and equation (1) and the analytical expression that (2) provide, just can calculate unrelieved stress.
Obtain after the interferogram, by progressively wedge being introduced in reference beam (5) light path, increase reference beam (5) light path, then this equipment also can be used for determining discharging the sign of surface displacement normal component of the zone boundary of unrelieved stress.When this situation occurs, if the number of interference fringes of selected direction increase in interferogram, then this negative sign (surface displacement is corresponding to depression) corresponding to the surface displacement normal component.Correspondingly, if number of interference fringes reduces, then it is corresponding to the positive sign (surface displacement is corresponding to projection) of surface displacement normal component.
Should be pointed out that in fact beginning of the end and the 3rd in second step can not being gone on foot distinguishes.Because transmitting electrode is raised to after the high position, the 3rd step just began at once.The first step, hologram image in the recording medium develops also very fast, is about 5 milliseconds or still less (see applicant's corresponding Norwegian patent applications No.19995273).Therefore, the All Time of mensuration unrelieved stress expends and is about 0.1 second (do not comprise optical devices are fixed on the object).This process is so fast, so that we can think The real time measure.So,, also can carry out the real-time monitoring of unrelieved stress in the solid under the operating load according to apparatus and method for of the present invention.
Embodiment
Measure between flat aluminium sheet unrelieved stress in the weld seam.He-Ne laser (output power 5mw) provide coherent light beam, uses the AMS-film based on amorphous molecular semiconductor to be recording medium.This film has been described in applicant's Norwegian patent applications No.19995273.The AMS film is the 9-(4-dodecyl-hydroxyphenyl-1 of multipolymer doping 5wt% that is contained the butyl glycerine ether of glycidyl carbazole and 5wt% by 92wt%, the 3-selenium mercaptan-2-subunit of mixing)-2,5, the cetyl-2 of 7-trinitro-fluorenes-4-carboxylate and 3wt%, 7-dinitro-methylene dicyanoethyl fluorenes-4-carboxylate is made.
After the hologram record in weld seam detection zone and the development, implement unrelieved stress and discharge.For this purpose, make current impulse, by the contact point between transmitting electrode and the object detection area with 0.15s duration of pulse and 2kA amplitude.
The interference image that comprises institute's survey region of the weld seam that discharges the stress position is shown in Figure 10.Can find that interferogram contains two pairs of orthogonal lobes.Lobe is represented along weld seam (X-axle) with perpendicular to the principal direction of stress of weld seam (Y-axle).It is the no striped spot of 1.4mm that a diameter is arranged at the interferogram center.It is corresponding to the position that discharges unrelieved stress.Utilize the interference image of Figure 10,, determine to discharge the surface displacement normal component on border, unrelieved stress position in the point of crossing of X-axle and Y-axle.Use analytical expression (1) and (2) again, calculating main unrelieved stress is Q
XX=-10,572, Q
YY=2,241kP/mm
2
Use conventional art, same welding is tested checked these results.They provide and are similar to interference image shown in Figure 10.Because the conoscope image that newly obtains is determined principal direction of stress, with shown in Figure 10 quite consistent.And, measure the expansion unrelieved stress and only differ 20%.Statistics draws equifinality.Use the equipment and the prior art of claim, the unrelieved stress of the flat aluminium sheet weld seam of replication on average differs between the measurement unrelieved stress and is similarly 20%.
Though described the present invention by embodiment and " block diagram " diagram, should understand main scope of the present invention, be to want with the zone that obvious border is arranged of electric pulse at object, realize the harmless unrelieved stress that discharges.According to the method, need not move and place again optical devices.Certainly, there are many methods that electrode is added to check point and withdrawal.And, arrange various parts in the optics of several modes are also arranged.Also can general several alternate manners, the object detection area surface is applied electric pulse with described parameter.For a person skilled in the art, these selections are conspicuous.Therefore, will be understood that they are included among the main scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. method of measuring the object detection area unrelieved stress with the real-time optical holographic interference technique, wherein, at first, the hologram of object detection area under the record original state, then in the little position in surveyed area, discharge unrelieved stress, after the interferogram of surveyed area forms, can determine to have discharged any surface displacement normal component of border, position of unrelieved stress from conoscope image, and then, use normal component, use theoretical expression (1) and (2), can calculate the unrelieved stress of release
It is characterized in that, make the surface, a little position of object detection area, be exposed under the current impulse, realize that unrelieved stress discharges, wherein current impulse has rectangular shape, the pulse parameter scope: pulse-response amplitude is 1.5-20kA, and the duration of pulse is 10
-6-2 * 10
-1S, repetition frequency for greater than 0Hz to being lower than 100Hz,
Q wherein
xBe along the axial main unrelieved stress of X-, Q
yBe along the axial main unrelieved stress of Y-, W
x, W
yBe any surface displacement normal component of the border, position that discharged unrelieved stress, the degree of depth h of surveyed area
sBe less than or equal to the surveyed area radius r
s, r
1For in the interferogram near the coordinate figure of surveyed area edge short range black wavestrip, W
1x, W
2xBe two parameters, they equal at first to apply unit stress at the Y-direction of principal axis then at the X-direction of principal axis, and surveyed area is along X-direction of principal axis surface displacement normal component; And according to the material of being studied, under unit stress, from W
2x, W
1xWith r
sTo h
sThe theoretical dependence of ratio can obtain and E and E
ALBe respectively the elastic modulus of institute's research material and aluminium.
2. the method for claim 1
It is characterized in that when under aluminium object situation, the current impulse amplitude is 2kA, the duration is 0.15s.
3. one kind is used the optical holography interference technique, carry out the equipment of the real non-destructive determination of unrelieved stress in the object detection area, comprise and contain coherent source, hologram-interferometer, the optics of recording medium, in a little position of object detection area, discharge the parts of unrelieved stress, and with the facility of optic stationary on object, it is characterized in that, the parts that are used for unrelieved stress release are electronic units (18,19), it is integrated among the optics, can superincumbent home position and following extended position between move the position of putting down, the surveyed area of it and object is set up and is electrically contacted, locate with a little position (14) in surveyed area, current impulse is added to body surface, wherein said current impulse has rectangular shape, the pulse parameter scope: pulse-response amplitude is 1.5-20kA, and the duration of pulse is 10
-6-2 * 10
-1S, repetition frequency is to being lower than 100Hz greater than 0Hz.
4. the equipment of claim 3
It is characterized in that, with the semisphere that radius is 1.5-5mm that is shaped as of the contacted transmitting electrode parts in object detection surface.
5. the equipment of claim 4
It is characterized in that the parts that are used for unrelieved stress release comprise:
-one electric current micropulser and
-one has the transmitting electrode that clamps device, clamps device and is electrically connected with pulse producer, and so that the path of electric current rect.p. through contact between transmitting electrode and the object detection area surface to be provided, " dislocation " that be used for unrelieved stress discharges.
6. the equipment of claim 5
It is characterized in that the transmitting electrode that is connected with pulse producer can provide rectangular current pulses for the object detection area surface.
7. each equipment among the claim 4-6
It is characterized in that this equipment has introduces the facility that the reference beam light path is used for determining surface displacement normal component symbol with wedge.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO995312A NO995312D0 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 1999-10-29 | Method and apparatus for non-destructive determination of residual stresses in objects by holographic interferometric technique |
| NO19995312 | 1999-10-29 | ||
| NO20002601 | 2000-05-19 | ||
| NO20002601A NO20002601L (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-05-19 | Method and equipment for non-destructive determination of residual stresses by optical holographic interferometer technique |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1415066A CN1415066A (en) | 2003-04-30 |
| CN1270160C true CN1270160C (en) | 2006-08-16 |
Family
ID=26649010
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00817976 Expired - Fee Related CN1270160C (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-19 | Method and device for real non-destructive determination of residual stresses in objects by optical holographic interferometry technique |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1226403A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4623907B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1270160C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1312001A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20002601L (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2002113768A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001031289A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI688755B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2020-03-21 | 布朗大學 | Optical system and methods for the determination of stress in a substrate, and computer storage medium having computer-executable instructions |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO20005376L (en) | 2000-10-25 | 2002-04-26 | Holo Tech As | Method and apparatus for non-destructive measurements of intrinsic stresses in plane and non-plane objects |
| SE0300666D0 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2003-03-10 | Faahraeus Holographic Technolo | Stress measurement |
| JP4328349B2 (en) | 2006-11-29 | 2009-09-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Residual stress measurement method and apparatus |
| JP2009014606A (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Residual stress measurement device and residual stress measuring technique |
| JP4488060B2 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2010-06-23 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Non-moldable part detection device, non-moldable part detection system, non-moldable part detection program, and non-moldable part detection method |
| JP5356894B2 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2013-12-04 | ポリプラスチックス株式会社 | Residual stress calculation method and residual stress distribution derivation method |
| GB201117343D0 (en) * | 2011-10-07 | 2011-11-23 | Airbus Uk Ltd | Method and apparatus for measuring residual stresses in a component |
| CN102865948A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-09 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | Method for determining residual butt welding stress of aluminum alloy sheets |
| RU2523073C1 (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-07-20 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации (Минпромторг России) | Device for definition of mechanical strains at metal structure surface by feed of required amount of heat |
| CN104697467B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2017-05-24 | 中北大学 | Weld appearance shape based on line laser scanning and surface defect detection method |
| CN108181032B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-11-03 | 重庆市铜梁区华亿来铝材加工厂 | Residual stress detection method |
| US10837761B1 (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-11-17 | The Boeing Company | Component heating sub-systems and methods for laser shearography testing systems |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4249423A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1981-02-10 | General Electric Company | Semi-nondestructive residual stress measurement |
| EP0167530A1 (en) * | 1984-01-05 | 1986-01-15 | Industrial Holographics, Inc. | Apparatus for the practice of double exposure interferometric non-destructive testing |
| SU1758419A1 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1992-08-30 | Институт Физико-Технических Проблем Севера Со Ан Ссср | Method of determining residual stresses |
| JPH04186106A (en) * | 1990-11-21 | 1992-07-02 | Kowa Co | Optical measuring method and device |
| JPH04223208A (en) * | 1990-12-25 | 1992-08-13 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Real-time deformation/shape analysis method and device |
| US5432595A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-07-11 | Pechersky; Martin J. | Method for measuring residual stresses in materials by plastically deforming the material and interference pattern comparison |
| WO1995010023A1 (en) * | 1993-10-05 | 1995-04-13 | Kabushikigaisya Hutech | Non-destructive inspection method for mechanical behaviour of article |
| US6040900A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 2000-03-21 | Cybernet Systems Corporation | Compact fiber-optic electronic laser speckle pattern shearography |
| US5920017A (en) * | 1997-10-30 | 1999-07-06 | Westinghouse Savannah River Company | Thermal input control and enhancement for laser based residual stress measurements using liquid temperature indicating coatings |
-
2000
- 2000-05-19 NO NO20002601A patent/NO20002601L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-19 RU RU2002113768/28A patent/RU2002113768A/en unknown
- 2000-10-19 AU AU13120/01A patent/AU1312001A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-19 WO PCT/NO2000/000347 patent/WO2001031289A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-10-19 CN CN 00817976 patent/CN1270160C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-19 JP JP2001538126A patent/JP4623907B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-19 EP EP00975012A patent/EP1226403A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI688755B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2020-03-21 | 布朗大學 | Optical system and methods for the determination of stress in a substrate, and computer storage medium having computer-executable instructions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO20002601D0 (en) | 2000-05-19 |
| WO2001031289A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
| EP1226403A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
| JP4623907B2 (en) | 2011-02-02 |
| AU1312001A (en) | 2001-05-08 |
| CN1415066A (en) | 2003-04-30 |
| JP2003514247A (en) | 2003-04-15 |
| NO20002601L (en) | 2001-04-30 |
| RU2002113768A (en) | 2004-01-27 |
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