CN115142794B - Laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system - Google Patents
Laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115142794B CN115142794B CN202210723081.2A CN202210723081A CN115142794B CN 115142794 B CN115142794 B CN 115142794B CN 202210723081 A CN202210723081 A CN 202210723081A CN 115142794 B CN115142794 B CN 115142794B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 236
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 150
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
- E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system which comprises a driving device, a laser mechanical combined drilling tool, a clamping device, a guiding device and an adjusting device, wherein the laser mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the driving end of the driving device, the clamping device is used for fixing a rock sample, the guiding device is located between the clamping device and the laser mechanical combined drilling tool and is in limit fit with the laser mechanical combined drilling tool, the laser mechanical combined drilling tool and the guiding device are connected to the adjusting device, and the adjusting device is used for changing the position of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool relative to the clamping device. According to the laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system, the radial vibration direction of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool is limited through the guide device, vibration of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool in the drilling process is reduced, and all-dimensional and multi-angle continuous drilling is realized through the adjusting device, so that the drilling state and the drilling posture of the geological drilling machine in a hard rock environment are truly simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling and rock breaking, and particularly relates to a laser mechanical combined drilling and rock breaking test system.
Background
This section provides merely background information related to the present disclosure and is not necessarily prior art.
When engineering drilling equipment encounters high-strength and high-abrasion hard rock, abnormal abrasion, fracture and machine clamping and drill clamping phenomena of the equipment often occur, so that the outstanding problems of extremely slow construction speed and extremely low benefit are caused. For example, in the process of drilling a tunnel, abnormal jittering of a drilling tool occurs, and the drilling tool needs to take a long time to finish the drilling, so that the overall construction period is seriously influenced.
Among the novel rock breaking modes, the laser technology has the characteristics of no limitation of mechanical properties of materials, high drilling speed, high efficiency and good economic benefit, has a richer practical basis in the field of petroleum engineering, and is considered to be an auxiliary rock breaking mode with great potential. Even if the laser-assisted rock breaking has good prospect, the problem that the drilling direction is offset due to vibration and the engineering construction precision is affected still exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system, comprising:
a driving device;
the laser mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the driving end of the driving device;
A clamping device arranged for securing a rock sample;
the guide device is positioned between the clamping device and the laser mechanical combined drilling tool and is in limit fit with the laser mechanical combined drilling tool;
and the adjusting device is used for changing the position of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool relative to the clamping device.
According to the invention, through the limit fit between the guide device and the laser mechanical combined drilling tool, the guide device has the guide function on the laser mechanical combined drilling tool in the drilling process, the radial vibration direction of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool is limited, the vibration of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool in the drilling process is reduced, the deflection of the drilling direction is further weakened, the engineering construction precision is improved, and the construction speed and efficiency are improved.
The guiding device is located between the clamping device and the laser mechanical combined drilling tool, the cantilever length of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool can be shortened, the cantilever length and the vibration amplitude are positively correlated, vibration of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool in the drilling process is further reduced through the guiding device, deviation of the drilling direction is further weakened, engineering construction precision is improved, and construction speed and efficiency are improved.
The laser mechanical combined drilling tool can be changed at any position and any angle in space through the adjusting device, so that omnibearing and multi-angle continuous drilling is realized, and the drilling state and the drilling posture of the geological drilling machine in a hard rock environment are truly simulated.
In some embodiments of the invention, the laser mechanical drilling tool comprises:
the drill pipe is provided with a drill bit at the end part, a light passing hole is arranged on the drill bit, and the drill pipe is in limit fit with the guide device;
the laser mechanism is arranged in the drill pipe;
the protection mechanism is arranged in the drill pipe and positioned between the laser mechanism and the drill bit, and is arranged to be opened in a one-way so as to enable the laser mechanism to be communicated with the light through hole;
the liquid cleaning mechanism is arranged in the protection mechanism and is used for spraying liquid to the laser mechanism, and the spraying direction of the liquid is not collinear with the transmission direction of laser of the laser mechanism;
and the gas cleaning mechanism is arranged in the drill pipe and is used for spraying gas to the laser mechanism, and the spraying direction of the gas is not collinear with the transmission direction of laser of the laser mechanism.
In some embodiments of the invention, the drill pipe comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the laser mechanism is arranged in the inner pipe, the inner pipe is fixedly connected with the driving device, the drill bit is connected to the end of the outer pipe, the inner pipe is arranged in the outer pipe, the outer pipe is connected to the output end of the driving device and is in limit fit with the guiding device, and the protection mechanism is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the protection mechanism includes a push tube and a unidirectional blocking piece, the push tube is disposed between the inner tube and the outer tube, the unidirectional blocking piece is disposed at one end of the push tube near the drill bit and is in a sealed state, and the unidirectional blocking piece is disposed to move along with the push tube in a direction away from the drill bit to open unidirectionally so that the laser mechanism is communicated with the light through hole.
In some embodiments of the invention, the liquid cleaning mechanism comprises a water tank for holding liquid, a pressurized liquid nozzle connected to the water tank by a pressurized liquid pipe, the direction of injection of the pressurized liquid nozzle being non-collinear with the direction of transmission of the laser light of the laser mechanism, and a water pump arranged to drive water in the water tank to flow to the pressurized liquid nozzle;
The gas cleaning mechanism comprises an air pump, a pressurizing gas nozzle and an air pipe, wherein the pressurizing gas nozzle is connected with the air pump through the pressurizing air pipe, the pressurizing air pipe is arranged between the inner pipe and the pushing pipe, the spraying direction of the pressurizing gas nozzle is not collinear with the laser transmission direction of the laser mechanism, the air pipe is arranged in the inner pipe, one end of the air pipe is connected with the air pump, and the other end of the air pipe faces the laser mechanism.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the laser mechanical combined drilling tool further includes a vibration reduction mechanism and a slag discharge pipe, the vibration reduction mechanism is disposed between the push pipe and the outer pipe, the vibration reduction mechanism includes at least two vibration reduction members, the at least two vibration reduction members are uniformly disposed between the push pipe and the outer pipe at intervals and sleeved on the outer side of the push pipe, and a gap is disposed between the at least two vibration reduction members and the outer pipe;
the water pump is further arranged to drive liquid in the water tank to flow to the slag discharging water pipe and carry rock debris to be discharged.
In some embodiments of the invention, the clamping device comprises:
a rock sample base;
a first fixed plate connected to the rock sample base, the first fixed plate being arranged for abutment with the rear side of the rock sample;
a second fixed plate provided for abutment with an upper side of the rock sample;
the second fixing plate is movably connected with the rock sample base through the adjusting assembly, and a space for fixing a rock sample is formed between the first fixing plate, the second fixing plate, the adjusting assembly and the rock sample base.
In some embodiments of the invention, the laser mechanical combined drilling and rock breaking test system further comprises a base, wherein the adjusting device is connected to the base;
the adjusting device comprises a plane adjusting module and an angle adjusting module, wherein the plane adjusting module is connected to the base, the laser mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the plane adjusting module, the plane adjusting module is used for changing the position of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool relative to the clamping device in a plane, the angle adjusting module is connected to the plane adjusting module, and the angle adjusting module is used for changing the angle of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool relative to the clamping device.
In some embodiments of the invention, the planar adjustment module comprises:
a first adjustment mechanism coupled to the base, the first adjustment mechanism configured to change a position of the combined laser and mechanical drilling tool relative to the clamping device in a first plane;
the second adjusting mechanism is connected to the first adjusting mechanism, the angle adjusting module is connected to the second adjusting mechanism, the angle adjusting module is used for changing the angle of the combined laser-mechanical drilling tool relative to the clamping device, and the second adjusting mechanism is used for changing the position of the combined laser-mechanical drilling tool relative to the clamping device in a second plane;
the third adjusting mechanism is connected to the angle adjusting module, the laser mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the third adjusting mechanism, and the third adjusting mechanism is arranged to change the position of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool relative to the clamping device in a third plane.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the guiding device is connected to the third adjusting mechanism, a guiding hole is provided on the guiding device, and the laser mechanical combined drilling tool is in limit fit with the guiding hole.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a laser mechanical joint drilling rock breaking test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the adjusting device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the adjustment device and the combined laser mechanical drill shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the laser mechanical drilling tool shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at A shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the slag discharge pipe of FIG. 4 positioned within a laser mechanical drilling tool;
fig. 7 is a side view of the slag discharge pipe of fig. 6 positioned in a laser mechanical drilling tool.
The various references in the drawings are as follows:
1. a base;
2. an adjusting device; 21. a first adjustment mechanism; 22. a second adjustment mechanism; 23. an angle adjustment module; 24. a third adjustment mechanism; 25. a guide member; 26. a first locking mechanism; 211. a first linear guide rail; 212. a motor; 213. a screw rod; 221. a base; 222. a first cylinder; 241. a working platform; 242. a second linear guide rail; 243. a second cylinder;
3. A laser mechanical combined drilling tool; 31. a drill bit; 311. a light-transmitting hole; 32. drilling a pipe; 321. an outer tube; 322. an inner tube; 331. pushing the tube; 332. a unidirectional baffle; 341. a laser; 342. an optical fiber; 343. a laser head; 351. a water tank; 352. a pressurized liquid nozzle; 353. a pressurized liquid pipe; 354. a water pump; 361. an air pump; 362. a pressurized gas nozzle; 363. a pressurizing air pipe; 364. an air pipe; 371. a vibration damping member; 381. a cooling water pipe;
4. a driving device; 41. a driving member; 42. a transmission assembly; 43. a second locking mechanism;
5. a clamping device; 51. a rock sample base; 52. a first fixing plate; 53. a second fixing plate; 54. a first adjustment member; 55. a second adjustment member;
61. a slag discharging water pipe; 62. a slag discharging channel;
7. a guide device;
8. a rock sample;
9. and drilling a hole wall.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "inner," "outer," "lower," "below," "upper," "above," and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" or "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the example term "below … …" may include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions) and the spatial relative relationship descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. They are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, which are for the purpose of brevity and clarity, and which do not themselves indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the application of other processes and/or the use of other materials.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the present invention proposes a laser mechanical joint drilling rock breaking test system, comprising:
a driving device 4;
the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3, the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 is connected to the driving end of the driving device 4;
a clamping device 5, the clamping device 5 being arranged for securing a rock sample 8;
the guiding device 7 is positioned between the clamping device 5 and the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 and is in limit fit with the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3;
the adjustment device 2, the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 and the guiding device 7 are connected to the adjustment device 2, the adjustment device 2 being arranged for changing the position of the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 relative to the clamping device 5.
Through the spacing cooperation between guider 7 and the laser machinery combined drilling tool 3, realized the guider 7 to the direction function of laser machinery combined drilling tool 3 in the drilling process, limited the radial vibration direction of laser machinery combined drilling tool 3, reduced the vibration of laser machinery combined drilling tool 3 in the drilling process, and then weakened the skew of drilling direction, improved engineering construction precision, improvement construction speed and efficiency.
The guiding device 7 is located between the clamping device 5 and the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3, so that the cantilever length of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 can be shortened, the cantilever length and the vibration amplitude are positively correlated, the vibration of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 in the drilling process is further reduced through the guiding device 7, the deviation of the drilling direction is further weakened, the engineering construction precision is improved, and the construction speed and efficiency are improved.
The laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 can be changed at any position and any angle in space through the adjusting device 2, so that omnibearing and multi-angle continuous drilling is realized, and the drilling state and the drilling posture of the geological drilling machine in a hard rock environment are truly simulated.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the clamping device 5 comprises a rock sample 8 base 51, a first fixing plate 52, and a clamping module, the first fixing plate 52 is connected to the rock sample 8 base 51, the first fixing plate 52 is arranged to abut against the rear side of the rock sample 8, the clamping module is movably connected to the rock sample 8 base 51, and a space for fixing the rock sample 8 is formed between the first fixing plate 52, the clamping module and the rock sample 8 base 51. In the drilling process, the rock sample 8 is kept not to improve the accuracy and speed of drilling, the rock sample 8 is fixed from different directions through the rock sample 8 base 51, the first fixing plate 52 and the clamping module, specifically, the rock sample 8 is put into a space rectangular coordinate system, the upper side, the lower side, the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the rock sample 8 are required to be fixed respectively, the first fixing plate 52 is used for fixing the rear side of the rock sample 8, the rock sample 8 base 51 is used for fixing the lower side of the rock sample 8, the clamping module is used for fixing the left side, the right side and the upper side of the rock sample 8, the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 starts to drill from the front side of the rock sample 8, and the rock sample 8 can be kept motionless under the fixation of the first fixing plate 52, the rock sample 8 base 51 and the clamping module, so that the drilling direction deviation in the drilling process is avoided.
In some embodiments of the invention, the clamping module is movably connected to the base 51 of the rock sample 8, and there is a difference in size of the rock sample 8 to be drilled each time, so that the clamping module is arranged to be movably connected to the base 51 of the rock sample 8, and the size of the space can be adjusted according to the size of the rock sample 8, so that the space can be adapted to the rock sample 8. The movable connection between the clamping module and the base 51 of the rock sample 8 may be a rotational connection, a sliding connection or a detachable connection via standard means.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the clamping module comprises a second fixing plate 53 and an adjusting assembly, the second fixing plate 53 is arranged to abut against the upper side of the rock sample 8, the second fixing plate 53 is movably connected with the base 51 of the rock sample 8 by the adjusting assembly, a space is formed between the first fixing plate 52, the second fixing plate 53, the adjusting assembly and the base 51 of the rock sample 8, and the adjusting assembly is used for fixing the left side and the right side of the rock sample 8. The position of the second fixing plate 53 relative to the base 51 of the rock sample 8 is fixed, and in other embodiments the second fixing plate 53 may be arranged in a movable connection with the base 51 of the rock sample 8, for example a swivel connection, a sliding connection or a detachable connection via a standard. The second fixing plate 53 is movably connected with the base 51 of the rock sample 8 through an adjusting component, and the second fixing plate 53 may be fixedly connected with the adjusting component or may be detachably connected with the adjusting component, and in one embodiment, the second fixing plate 53 is detachably connected with the adjusting component.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the adjusting assembly comprises a first adjusting member 54 and a second adjusting member 55, wherein the first adjusting member 54 and the second adjusting member are respectively used for connecting two ends of the second fixing member and the base 51 of the rock sample 8, namely, the first adjusting member 54 is used for connecting the left side of the second fixing member and the left side of the base 51 of the rock sample 8, the second adjusting member is used for connecting the right side of the second fixing member and the right side of the base 51 of the rock sample 8, and the first adjusting member 54 and the second adjusting member are movably connected with the second fixing member and the base 1. In one embodiment, the first and second adjustment members 54, 54 are bolts, and the first and second adjustment members 54, 54 are detachably connected to the second fixing member, and the first and second adjustment members 54, 54 are detachably connected to the base 51 of the rock sample 8.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the combined laser mechanical drilling and rock breaking test system further includes a base 1, the adjusting device 2 is connected to the base 1, the base 1 may be configured to be movable, that is, a travelling wheel is disposed at the bottom of the base 1, and the base 1 is driven to move by rotation of the travelling wheel, where the adjusting device 2, the clamping device 5, the driving device 4, the guiding device 7, and the like are all disposed on the base 1.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the adjustment device 2 comprises a planar adjustment module, which is connected to the base 1, to which the lasermechanical drilling tool 3 is connected, the planar adjustment module being arranged for changing the position of the lasermechanical drilling tool 3 in the plane with respect to the clamping device 5. The plane adjustment module may adjust the position of the laser mechanical joint drilling tool 3 in one direction, for example, the position of the laser mechanical joint drilling tool 3 in the X direction, may also adjust the positions of the laser mechanical joint drilling tool 3 in two directions, for example, the X direction and the Y direction, or the X direction and the Z direction, or the Y direction and the Z direction, and may also adjust the positions of the laser mechanical joint drilling tool 3 in three directions, for example, the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction. The position adjustment can be realized by motor screws, air cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, ball screws and the like.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the adjustment device 2 further comprises an angle adjustment module 23, the angle adjustment module 23 being connected to the plane adjustment module, the angle adjustment module 23 being arranged for changing the angle of the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 relative to the clamping device 5. The angle adjustment module 23 may adjust the angle of the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 in one plane, for example, the angle of the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 in the X-Y plane, may adjust the angles of the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 in two planes, for example, the X-Y plane and the Y-Z plane, or the X-Y plane and the X-Z plane, or the X-Z plane and the Y-Z plane, and may adjust the angle of the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 in one plane, for example, the angles of the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 in the X-Y plane, the Y-Z plane, and the X-Z plane.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the plane adjustment module comprises at least two plane adjustment mechanisms, which are connected in sequence and one to the base 1, and the laser mechanical joint drilling tool 3 to the other, the at least two plane adjustment mechanisms being arranged for changing the position of the laser mechanical joint drilling tool 3 in different planes relative to the clamping device 5. The position of the laser mechanical joint drilling tool 3 in at least two directions, for example, in the X-direction and the Y-direction, or in the X-direction and the Z-direction, or in the Y-direction and the Z-direction, or in the X-direction, the Y-direction and the Z-direction, can be adjusted by at least two plane adjustment mechanisms.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-3, in one embodiment, the planar adjustment module includes three planar adjustment mechanisms. Specifically, the plane adjustment module includes a first adjustment mechanism 21, a second adjustment mechanism 22, and a third adjustment mechanism 24, and the angle adjustment module 23 may be connected between any two plane adjustment mechanisms or the plane adjustment module may be connected to the angle adjustment module 23. In one embodiment, a first adjustment mechanism 21 is coupled to the base 1, the first adjustment mechanism 21 is configured to change the position of the combined laser drilling tool 3 relative to the clamping device 5 in a first plane, a second adjustment mechanism 22 is coupled to the first adjustment mechanism 21, an angle adjustment module 23 is coupled to the second adjustment mechanism 22, the angle adjustment module 23 is configured to change the angle of the combined laser drilling tool 3 relative to the clamping device 5, the second adjustment mechanism 22 is configured to change the position of the combined laser drilling tool 3 relative to the clamping device 5 in a second plane, a third adjustment mechanism 24 is coupled to the angle adjustment module 23, the combined laser drilling tool 3 is coupled to the third adjustment mechanism 24, and the third adjustment mechanism 24 is configured to change the position of the combined laser drilling tool 3 relative to the clamping device 5 in a third plane.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the first adjustment mechanism 21 is connected to the base 1, and the first adjustment mechanism 21 includes two first linear guides 211, one motor 212, and one screw 213, where both the two first linear guides 211 and the one motor 212 are connected to the base 1, and the screw 213 connects the motor 212 and the second adjustment mechanism 22.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the second adjustment mechanism 22 includes a base 221 and two first cylinders 222, the two first cylinders 222 are symmetrically disposed at two sides of the base 221, the base 221 is connected to the screw 213 and slidingly connected to the two first linear rails 211, the two first cylinders 222 are connected to the base 221, and the base 221 is driven by the motor 212 and the screw 213 to move along the first linear rails 211 to adjust the position of the combined laser and mechanical drilling tool 3 in the first plane. The two angle adjustment modules 23 are arranged, the two angle adjustment modules 23 are respectively connected to two first oil cylinders 222, and the first oil cylinders 222 drive the angle adjustment modules 23 and the third adjustment mechanism 24 to move so as to adjust the position of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 in the second plane. Still further, the planar adjustment module further comprises two guides 25, the two guides 25 being connected on both sides of the base 221 of the second adjustment mechanism 22, the second adjustment mechanism 22 being arranged to move along the guides 25. Specifically, the two guiding elements 25 are connected to two sides of the base 221, and when the first oil cylinder 222 adjusts the positions of the angle adjusting module 23 and the third adjusting mechanism 24 in the second plane, the angle adjusting module 23 and the third adjusting mechanism 24 move along the guiding elements 25, so as to reduce the play in the position adjusting process, and further reduce the play of the drilling tool in the drilling process of the combined laser mechanical drilling and rock breaking test system. Still further, the plane adjustment module further comprises a first locking mechanism 26, wherein the first locking mechanism 26 is connected with the second adjustment mechanism 22 and is slidably connected with the guide member 25, and the movement of the laser mechanical combined drilling and rock breaking test system in the drilling process is further reduced by the first locking mechanism 26.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the first locking mechanism 26 is hydraulically locked, the first locking mechanism 26 is sleeved on the outer side of the guide post, and the locking force of the first locking mechanism 26 on the guide piece 25 is adjusted by adjusting the oil supply pressure. When hydraulic oil is continuously introduced, the oil pressure rises to push the piston to move leftwards, so that the arc-shaped locking hoop is pushed to clamp the upright post; when the supply of hydraulic oil is stopped, the oil pressure decreases, and the clamping force between the locking band and the guide 25 disappears, and at this time, the position of the third adjusting mechanism 24 can be adjusted by the first cylinder 222.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the third adjustment mechanism 24 includes a working platform 241, a second linear guide 242, and a second cylinder 243, the working platform 241 is connected to the angle adjustment module 23, the second linear guide 242 and the second cylinder 243 are connected to the working platform 241, the combined laser and mechanical drilling tool 3 is slidingly connected to the second linear guide 242, and the position of the combined laser and mechanical drilling tool 3 in the third plane is adjusted by the second cylinder 243. The guiding device 7 is connected to the third adjusting mechanism 24, a guiding hole is formed in the guiding device 7, and the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 is in limit fit with the guiding hole. Further, the guiding device 7 is connected to the working platform 241, and the guiding device 7 moves synchronously along with the adjustment of the combined laser-mechanical drilling tool 3, so that the relative position of the guiding device 7 and the combined laser-mechanical drilling tool 3 is not changed. The combined drilling and rock breaking test system of the laser and machinery can realize omnibearing and multi-angle continuous drilling on the rock sample 8 through the plane adjusting module and the angle adjusting module 23 so as to truly simulate the drilling state and the drilling posture of the geological drilling machine in a hard rock environment.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in figures 1, 4 and 5, the transmission efficiency of the laser during drilling of the rock sample 8 affects the accuracy of the drilling, and therefore it is necessary to ensure that the transmission of the laser is not affected. The laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 comprises a drill pipe 32, a laser mechanism and a protection mechanism, wherein a drill bit 31 is arranged at the end part of the drill pipe 32, a light through hole 311 is formed in the drill bit 31, the drill pipe 32 is in limit fit with the guiding device 7, the laser mechanism is arranged in the drill pipe 32, the protection mechanism is arranged in the drill pipe 32 and located between the laser mechanism and the drill bit 31, and the protection mechanism is arranged to be opened unidirectionally so that the laser mechanism is communicated with the light through hole 311. Can protect laser mechanism through protection machanism, protection machanism sets up to one-way opening to guarantee when not using laser, laser mechanism can not receive the destruction of detritus, rock sediment. The center of the drill bit 31 is provided with a light passing hole 311, when the laser mechanism in the drill pipe 32 is in an open state, laser can be emitted from the drill pipe 32 and radiated onto the rock sample 8 through the light passing hole 311, and when the laser does not need to be emitted, the laser mechanism is closed, and the transmission of the laser is cut off. The diameter of the light passing hole 311 is equal to or larger than the diameter of the laser beam of the laser mechanism.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the drill pipe 32 includes an inner pipe 322 and an outer pipe 321, the laser mechanism is disposed in the inner pipe 322, the inner pipe 322 is fixedly connected with the driving device 4, the drill bit 31 is connected to the end of the outer pipe 321, the inner pipe 322 is disposed in the outer pipe 321, the outer pipe 321 is connected to the output end of the driving device 4 and is in limit fit with the guiding device 7, and the protection mechanism is disposed between the inner pipe 322 and the outer pipe 321. The drill 31 is detachably connected with the end of the outer tube 321 so as to replace the drill 31 with a different specification. The inner tube 322 is fixedly connected with the driving device 4, namely, the outer tube 321 does not rotate along with the driving device 4, and the outer tube 321 rotates under the driving of the driving device 4 to drive the drill bit 31 to complete drilling work, so that the problems of poor sliding contact and the like, which are caused by the fact that a laser mechanism is not supported in the prior art, are solved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the laser mechanism includes a laser 341, a laser head 343, and an optical fiber 342, the laser head 343 is connected to an end of the inner tube 322 near the drill bit 31, and the optical fiber 342 connects the laser head and the laser 341 via the inner tube 322. The protection mechanism comprises a push tube 331 and a one-way baffle 332, the push tube 331 is arranged between the inner tube 322 and the outer tube 321, the one-way baffle 332 is arranged at one end of the push tube 331 close to the drill bit 31 and is in a sealing state, and the one-way baffle 332 is arranged to move along with the push tube 331 in a direction away from the drill bit 31 to be opened in a one-way manner so as to enable the laser mechanism to be communicated with the light through hole 311. The laser mechanism can freely move in the push tube 331, interference does not occur between the push tube 331 and the outer tube 321, and because the inner tube 322 is fixedly connected with the driving device 4 and cannot move, the push tube 331 is arranged to be movable, when the push tube 331 moves towards a direction far away from the drill bit 31, the laser head 343 can jack the one-way baffle 332 open due to the fact that the inner tube 322 is not moved, laser can radiate onto the rock sample 8 through the light passing hole 311, when the push tube 331 moves towards a direction close to the drill bit 31, the one-way baffle 332 can be automatically closed, and the one-way baffle 332 and the push tube 331 form a sealing protection cover for the laser mechanism. The automatic closing of the one-way flap 332 may be achieved by an elastic member, such as a cylindrical spring, torsion spring, or the like. The laser 341 is disposed on the base 1, and transmits laser generated by the laser 341 to the laser head 343 through the optical fiber 342, and forms a laser beam under the action of an internal optical component of the laser head 343, and then the laser beam is emitted from the laser head 343 and is radiated onto the rock sample 8 through the light passing hole 311.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the unidirectional flaps 332 may be double-open flaps or single-open flaps.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in addition to protecting the laser mechanism by a guard mechanism, debris, dust, etc. generated in the borehole can also cause damage to the laser head 343. As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 further includes a liquid cleaning mechanism disposed between the push tube 331 and the inner tube 322 and configured to spray liquid to the laser mechanism in a direction that is not collinear with a transmission direction of the laser light of the laser head 343. Under the complex drilling environment, the laser head 343 is not easy to be polluted by dust, rock slag and other impurities through the liquid cleaning mechanism, and the transmission efficiency of the laser beam is not reduced. Still further, the liquid cleaning mechanism comprises a water tank 351, a pressurized liquid nozzle 352 and a water pump 354, the water tank 351 is used for containing liquid, the pressurized liquid nozzle 352 is connected with the water tank 351 through a pressurized liquid pipe 353, the spraying direction of the pressurized liquid nozzle 352 is not collinear with the transmission direction of the laser head 343, and the water pump 354 is used for driving the water in the water tank 351 to flow to the pressurized liquid nozzle 352. Further, the jet direction of the pressurized liquid nozzle 352 is toward the laser head 343, so that the liquid jetted through the pressurized liquid nozzle 352 is purposefully jetted toward the laser head 343, thereby improving the cleaning effect.
In some embodiments of the present invention, laser head 343 may be cleaned by a gas cleaning mechanism in addition to laser head 343 being cleaned by a liquid. As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, in particular, the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 further comprises a gas cleaning mechanism arranged in the drill pipe 32 and arranged to spray gas to the laser mechanism in a direction that is not collinear with the direction of transmission of the laser light of the laser head 343. Still further, the gas cleaning mechanism comprises an air pump 361, a pressurized air nozzle 362 and an air pipe 364, the pressurized air nozzle 362 is connected with the air pump 361 through a pressurized air pipe 363, the pressurized air pipe 363 is arranged between the inner pipe 322 and the push pipe 331, the spraying direction of the pressurized air nozzle 362 is not collinear with the transmission direction of the laser head 343, the air pipe 364 is arranged in the inner pipe 322, one end of the air pipe 364 is connected with the air pump 361, and the other end of the air pipe faces the laser head 343. The gas is divided into two paths, and the gas transmitted by the first path of gas through the gas pipe 364 is used for blowing away impurities such as dust on a laser beam path emitted by the laser head 343, so that the energy loss of the laser beam in the transmission process is reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the laser is improved; on the other hand, dust, debris, etc. in the air are prevented from being adsorbed to the laser head 343 during laser irradiation, and burning of the laser head 343 is prevented. The second path of gas is transmitted to the pressurizing gas nozzle 362 through the pressurizing gas pipe 363, and impurities such as dust adsorbed on the laser head 343 are cleaned by matching with the pressurizing liquid nozzle 352, so that the laser head 343 is prevented from being burnt when the laser is started to irradiate.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the jet direction of the pressurized gas nozzle 362 is toward the laser head 343, so that the liquid jetted through the pressurized liquid nozzle 352 is purposefully jetted toward the laser head 343, thereby improving the cleaning effect.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, a cooling water pipe 381 is further provided in the laser mechanical drilling tool 3, the cooling water pipe 381 is provided in the inner pipe 322 and connected to the water tank 351, the cooling water pipe 381 is provided for cooling the laser mechanism, and the water pump 354 is further provided for driving the liquid in the water tank 351 to flow to the cooling water pipe 381. The cooling water pipe 381 is used for cooling the laser mechanism, so that burning caused by overheating after the laser mechanism is used for a long time is reduced.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 4, 5 and 6, the laser head 343 is extremely precise, and is extremely fragile or ineffective under vibration impact, so that the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 further includes a vibration damping mechanism disposed between the push tube 331 and the outer tube 321. The vibration damping mechanism comprises at least two vibration damping pieces 371, wherein the at least two vibration damping pieces 371 are uniformly arranged between the push tube 331 and the outer tube 321 at intervals and sleeved on the outer side of the push tube 331, and a gap is arranged between the at least two vibration damping pieces 371 and the outer tube 321. The vibration damper 371 is made of flexible materials such as rubber, silica gel, sponge, etc. The cantilever length of the laser head 343 is reduced by at least two vibration reduction pieces 371, and the vibration transmitted to the laser head 343 by the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 can be greatly reduced due to the self material property of the vibration reduction pieces 371, so that the vibration reduction effect is achieved, and the damage or failure of the laser head 343 caused by vibration impact is avoided.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 4, 5 and 6, the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 is further provided with a slag discharging water pipe 61, a slag discharging device is arranged between the push pipe 331 and the outer pipe 321 and is configured to convey liquid and discharge carried rock debris, the slag discharging water pipe 61 passes through the vibration damping mechanism and is communicated with the water tank 351, a water outlet end of the slag discharging water pipe 61 is arranged near the light through hole, a slag discharging channel 62 is formed between the outer pipe 321 and the drill hole wall 9 of the rock sample 8, and the water pump 354 is further configured to drive the liquid in the water tank 351 to flow to the slag discharging water pipe 61 and discharge carried rock debris. The water pump 354 draws liquid from the water tank 351 and transmits to the deslagging water pipe 61, and the deslagging water pipe 61 passes through the vibration damper 371 and transmits to the drill bit 31, and then the liquid is transmitted to the rock sample 8 from the light passing hole 311 in the center of the drill bit 31, and carries rock slag, rock scraps and the like generated by drilling and crushing to be discharged through the deslagging channel 62 between the drill hole wall 9 and the outer pipe 321, and finally, circulation automatic deslagging in the drilling process is realized.
In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the driving device 4 includes a driving member 41 and a transmission assembly 42, where the transmission assembly 42 is connected to the third adjustment mechanism 24, and the driving member 41 is connected to the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 through the transmission assembly 42 to drive the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 to rotate. The laser mechanical combined drilling and rock breaking test system further comprises a second locking mechanism 43, the second locking mechanism 43 is connected with the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 and is connected with the transmission assembly 42, the second locking mechanism 43 locks the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3, the principle of the second locking mechanism 43 is the same as that of the first locking mechanism 26, the rotation of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 is achieved under the driving effect of the driving piece 41 matched with the transmission assembly 42, the second oil cylinder 243 provides thrust for the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3, and further the rotation pushing and rock breaking of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 are achieved.
The laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system provided by the invention fully considers the actual problems of low drilling speed, serious drilling tool abrasion and the like when an engineering driller drills into high-strength and high-abrasion hard rock, and provides the rock breaking system adopting the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3, so that the technical problems of protection, cleaning, vibration resistance and the like of a laser head 343 when the engineering driller is carried are solved, the adjustment of the position and angle of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 is realized on the basis of meeting continuous drilling and automatic circulating slag tapping, and the drilling state and drilling posture of the engineering geological driller can be truly simulated.
The liquid is sprayed in front of the laser mechanical drilling tool 3 through the slag discharge water pipe 61 by the water pump 354 to flush rock debris. Push away the pipe 331 and arrange between outer tube 321 and inner tube 322, push away pipe 331 front end is provided with the one-way separation blade 332 that can outwards "double open", when push away pipe 331 and remove backward, laser head 343 is with one-way separation blade 332 from the centre position jack-up, carry out laser auxiliary broken rock, when push away pipe 331 and remove forward, one-way separation blade 332 is automatic to be tightly closed, form airtight safety cover with push away pipe 331, on the one hand, avoid laser head 343 to get into damaging laser head 343 through the light hole 311 at broken rock in-process rock sediment, on the other hand, airtight space has avoided laser head 343 submergence to pollute laser head 343 in the liquid, play the guard action of drilling in-process laser head 343.
When the laser irradiates the front rock sample 8, dust and dirt in the air are easily attached to the laser head 343, and burning damage of the laser head 343 is easily caused when the laser works. In the embodiment, liquid is firstly used for flushing, when the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 rotates to push and break the rock sample 8, the pressurized liquid is conveyed through the water pump 354 and the pressurizing liquid pipe 353 and is sprayed to the laser head 343 through the pressurizing liquid nozzle 352, and the pressurizing liquid nozzle 352 is obliquely downwards directed to the laser head 343, so that dust and dirt attached to the laser head 343 are mainly cleaned; then, the secondary cleaning of the laser head 343 is performed in a gas blow-drying mode, the pressurized liquid is stopped from being conveyed, the pressurized gas is conveyed by the pressurized gas pipe 363 and is sprayed to the laser head 343 through the pressurized gas nozzle 362, the pressurized gas nozzle 362 is obliquely directed downwards to the laser head 343, and the main function is to clean water drops remained on the laser head 343 so as to keep the laser head 343 clean and dry.
The rear end of the inner tube 322 is fixedly connected with the driving device 4, and the inner tube 322 is relatively long and thin and is of a cantilever structure with relatively large flexibility. When the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 drills to break the front rock sample 8, transverse and longitudinal vibrations generated due to uneven stress are transmitted to the laser mechanical combined drilling breaking test system through the outer pipe 321, thereby causing vibrations of the inner pipe 322. When the vibration is transmitted to the laser head 343, it is amplified several times, which has a great influence on the optical components inside the laser head 343 and even damages the optical components inside the laser head 343. The inner side of the vibration damper 371 is nested on the outer wall of the inner tube 322, and the outer side is adjacent to but not in contact with the inner wall of the outer tube 321. When the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 is used for rotationally pushing and breaking the rock sample 8, at least two vibration reduction pieces 371 can reduce the cantilever length of the laser head 343 on one hand and can absorb vibration due to the material property of the vibration reduction pieces 371 on the other hand, so that the vibration transmitted to the laser head 343 in the drilling process is greatly reduced, and an effective vibration reduction effect is achieved.
The present embodiment may perform a variety of rock breaking tests, including the following test modes:
(1) Closing a laser 341 in the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3, only pushing the rock by rotating the drill bit 31, and conveying liquid in the drill pipe 32 to carry out slag discharge, wherein the one-way baffle 332 is in a closed state and forms a sealing protection cover with the push pipe 331, and only using the drill bit 31 to carry out mechanical drilling rock breaking test;
(2) Closing the second oil cylinder 243 and the driving piece 41, stopping the drill bit 31 from rotating to push and break rock, driving the one-way baffle 332 to move in a direction away from the drill bit 31 by the push tube 331, enabling the laser head 343 to push the one-way baffle 332, simultaneously opening the laser 341 of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3, transmitting laser through the optical fiber 342 and outputting the laser through the laser head 343, and radiating the laser to the rock sample 8, wherein only the laser is used for breaking rock at the moment;
(3) The pushing tube 331 drives the one-way baffle 332 to move in a direction away from the drill bit 31, the laser head 343 pushes the one-way baffle 332 open, the laser 341 is turned on, light is transmitted through the optical fiber 342 and output by the laser head 343, the light irradiates the rock sample 8, meanwhile, the second oil cylinder 243 and the driving piece 41 are turned on, the drill bit 31 is driven to rotate to push rock breaking, and at the moment, a laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test is carried out;
Further, the above test can be further subdivided into the following test types:
(1) Laser mechanical pre-damage drilling rock breaking: in the test, a laser is first used to form pre-damaged areas, such as fused holes, thermal cracks, etc., on the surface of the rock sample 8, and then the drill bit 31 is rotated to break the rock. The pushing tube 331 drives the one-way baffle 332 to move in a direction away from the drill bit 31, the laser head 343 pushes the one-way baffle 332, meanwhile, the laser 341 is turned on, laser is transmitted through the optical fiber 342 and output by the laser head 343, the laser irradiates onto the rock sample 8, the rock sample 8 is melted and gasified under the high temperature effect of the laser, microcracks and cracks are generated in the rock due to the thermal stress effect, and pre-damage such as melting holes, hot crack nets and the like are generated on the surface of the rock sample 8; after the laser irradiates for a certain time, the laser 341 is turned off, the push tube 331 drives the unidirectional blocking sheet 332 to move towards the direction close to the drill bit 31, and the unidirectional blocking sheet 332 is automatically closed to form a sealing protection cover with the push tube 331. And the liquid is conveyed in the drill rod to carry out slag discharge, and meanwhile, the second oil cylinder 243 and the driving piece 41 are started to drive the drill bit 31 to rotate so as to push rock breaking.
(2) Laser mechanical synchronous drilling rock breaking: the laser and the drill bit 31 act on the surface of the rock sample 8 simultaneously, on one hand, the rock sample 8 is melted (vaporized) due to the fact that the high temperature of the laser reaches the melting point (boiling point), on the other hand, the laser irradiation position is close to the acting position of the drill bit 31, and the thermal stress generated by the high temperature is matched with the tensile stress and compressive stress generated by the drill bit 31 to form an obvious stress coupling area, so that the purpose of combined rock breaking is achieved. The pushing tube 331 drives the one-way baffle 332 to move in a direction away from the drill bit 31, the laser head 343 pushes the one-way baffle 332 open, the laser 341 is opened for laser irradiation, meanwhile, the second oil cylinder 243 and the driving piece 41 are opened, the drill bit 31 is driven to rotate so as to push rock breaking, and the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 works cooperatively to perform laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test;
As a further limitation, to verify the superiority and engineering practicality of laser assisted mechanical drilling, the laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test method described above may be compared with a drilling rock breaking test method using only a mechanical drilling tool:
(1) The rock breaking test is carried out with constant torque and thrust, and the difference between the laser mechanical joint drilling rock breaking rate and the drilling rate of a mechanical drilling tool is compared to study the superiority of the joint drilling rate: a displacement sensor and a thrust sensor are arranged in the second oil cylinder 243, a torque sensor is arranged at the drill rod, the displacement variation, the thrust and the torque in the drilling process of the drilling machine are monitored in real time, the constant thrust force applied to the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 is set through the second oil cylinder 243, and the constant torque is set through the driving piece 41; starting a laser 341, and carrying out a laser mechanical joint drilling test by matching with the drill bit 31 to obtain the drilling rate under the joint drilling test; turning off the laser 341, and performing a mechanical drilling test only through the drill bit 31 to obtain the drilling rate under the mechanical drilling test; and comparing the drilling rate difference of the two drilling modes, and researching the superiority of combined drilling under the auxiliary effect of laser.
(2) The rock breaking test is carried out at constant rotating speed and propelling speed, and the difference of the laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking and the drilling rock breaking by using only a mechanical drilling tool in terms of required thrust and torque is compared to research the engineering practicability of the combined drilling, namely, the rotating speed and propelling speed of a drill bit 31 are set to be constant through a second oil cylinder 243 and a driving piece 41, the opening and closing of a laser 341 are controlled, and the laser mechanical combined drilling test and the mechanical drilling tool drilling test are realized; a displacement sensor and a thrust sensor are arranged in the second oil cylinder 243, a torque sensor is arranged at the drill rod, and the displacement variable quantity, the thrust and the torque in the drilling process of the drilling machine are monitored in real time, so that the rock breaking thrust and the torque required by the laser mechanical combined drilling and the mechanical drilling only by using the drill bit 31 are compared, and the engineering practicability of the combined drilling under the auxiliary effect of the laser is studied.
In the above test method, the laser heads 343 with different types can be replaced to change the energy distribution form of the laser, the relative positions of the laser heads 343 and the drill bit 31 can be changed to adjust the spot diameter, the type of the laser 341 can be switched to realize continuous laser and pulse laser conversion, the laser 341 can be adjusted to set different laser rock breaking parameters, the materials, structures, dimensions and other parameters of the drill bit 31 and the drill rod in the laser mechanical combined drilling tool 3 can be replaced, the diversity of drilling rock breaking tests can be increased, and in addition, the laser mechanical pre-damage rock breaking and laser mechanical synchronous rock breaking method can also be used in a mixed mode.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A laser mechanical joint drilling rock breaking test system, comprising:
a driving device;
the laser mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the driving end of the driving device;
a clamping device arranged for securing a rock sample;
the guide device is positioned between the clamping device and the laser mechanical combined drilling tool and is in limit fit with the laser mechanical combined drilling tool;
the laser mechanical combined drilling tool and the guiding device are connected to the adjusting device, and the adjusting device is used for changing the position of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool relative to the clamping device;
wherein, laser machinery is drilling tool jointly includes:
the drill pipe is provided with a drill bit at the end part, a light passing hole is arranged on the drill bit, and the drill pipe is in limit fit with the guide device;
A laser mechanism;
the protection mechanism is arranged in the drill pipe and positioned between the laser mechanism and the drill bit, and is arranged to be opened in a one-way so as to enable the laser mechanism to be communicated with the light through hole;
the liquid cleaning mechanism is arranged in the protection mechanism and is used for spraying liquid to the laser mechanism, and the spraying direction of the liquid is not collinear with the transmission direction of laser of the laser mechanism;
a gas cleaning mechanism disposed within the drill pipe and configured to inject gas toward the laser mechanism, the injection direction of the gas being non-collinear with a transmission direction of laser light of the laser mechanism;
the laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system further comprises a base, and the adjusting device is connected to the base; the adjusting device comprises a plane adjusting module and an angle adjusting module, the plane adjusting module is connected to the base, the laser mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the plane adjusting module, the plane adjusting module is used for changing the position of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool relative to the clamping device in a plane, the angle adjusting module is connected to the plane adjusting module, and the angle adjusting module is used for changing the angle of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool relative to the clamping device;
The drill pipe comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe, the inner pipe is fixedly connected with the driving device, the drill bit is connected to the end part of the outer pipe, the inner pipe is arranged in the outer pipe, the outer pipe is connected to the output end of the driving device and is in limit fit with the guiding device, and the protection mechanism is arranged between the inner pipe and the outer pipe;
the laser mechanism comprises a laser, a laser head and an optical fiber, wherein the laser head is connected to one end of the inner tube, which is close to the drill bit, and the optical fiber is connected with the laser head and the laser through the inner tube, and the laser is arranged on a base outside the drill rod;
the protection mechanism comprises a push tube and a one-way baffle, the push tube is arranged between the inner tube and the outer tube, the one-way baffle is arranged at one end of the push tube, which is close to the drill bit, and is in a sealing state, and the one-way baffle is arranged to move along with the push tube in a direction away from the drill bit and is opened in a one-way manner so that the laser mechanism is communicated with the light through hole;
the laser mechanical combined drilling tool further comprises a vibration reduction mechanism, the vibration reduction mechanism is arranged between the push pipe and the outer pipe, the vibration reduction mechanism comprises at least two vibration reduction pieces, the at least two vibration reduction pieces are uniformly arranged between the push pipe and the outer pipe at intervals and sleeved on the outer side of the push pipe, and a gap is formed between the at least two vibration reduction pieces and the outer pipe.
2. The laser mechanical joint drilling rock breaking test system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid cleaning mechanism comprises a water tank, a pressurized liquid nozzle and a water pump, wherein the water tank is used for containing liquid, the pressurized liquid nozzle is connected with the water tank through a pressurized liquid pipe, the spraying direction of the pressurized liquid nozzle is not collinear with the transmission direction of laser light of the laser mechanism, and the water pump is used for driving water in the water tank to flow to the pressurized liquid nozzle;
the gas cleaning mechanism comprises an air pump, a pressurizing gas nozzle and an air pipe, wherein the pressurizing gas nozzle is connected with the air pump through the pressurizing air pipe, the pressurizing air pipe is arranged between the inner pipe and the pushing pipe, the spraying direction of the pressurizing gas nozzle is not collinear with the laser transmission direction of the laser mechanism, the air pipe is arranged in the inner pipe, one end of the air pipe is connected with the air pump, and the other end of the air pipe faces the laser mechanism.
3. The laser mechanical joint drilling rock breaking test system according to claim 2, wherein a deslagging water pipe is further arranged in the laser mechanical joint drilling tool, the deslagging water pipe penetrates through the vibration reduction mechanism and is communicated with the water tank, the water outlet end of the deslagging water pipe is arranged close to the light passing hole, and the water pump is further arranged to drive liquid in the water tank to flow to the deslagging water pipe and carry rock debris to be discharged.
4. The laser mechanical joint drilling rock breaking test system of claim 1, wherein the clamping device comprises:
a rock sample base;
a first fixed plate connected to the rock sample base, the first fixed plate being arranged for abutment with the rear side of the rock sample;
a second fixed plate provided for abutment with an upper side of the rock sample;
the second fixing plate is movably connected with the rock sample base through the adjusting assembly, and a space for fixing a rock sample is formed between the first fixing plate, the second fixing plate, the adjusting assembly and the rock sample base.
5. The laser mechanical joint drilling rock breaking test system of claim 1, wherein the planar adjustment module comprises:
a first adjustment mechanism coupled to the base, the first adjustment mechanism configured to change a position of the combined laser and mechanical drilling tool relative to the clamping device in a first plane;
the second adjusting mechanism is connected to the first adjusting mechanism, the angle adjusting module is connected to the second adjusting mechanism, the angle adjusting module is used for changing the angle of the combined laser-mechanical drilling tool relative to the clamping device, and the second adjusting mechanism is used for changing the position of the combined laser-mechanical drilling tool relative to the clamping device in a second plane;
The third adjusting mechanism is connected to the angle adjusting module, the laser mechanical combined drilling tool is connected to the third adjusting mechanism, and the third adjusting mechanism is arranged to change the position of the laser mechanical combined drilling tool relative to the clamping device in a third plane.
6. The laser mechanical joint drilling rock breaking test system according to claim 5, wherein the guiding device is connected to the third adjusting mechanism, a guiding hole is formed in the guiding device, and the laser mechanical joint drilling tool is in limit fit with the guiding hole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210723081.2A CN115142794B (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210723081.2A CN115142794B (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2022-06-24 | Laser mechanical combined drilling rock breaking test system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115142794A CN115142794A (en) | 2022-10-04 |
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| CN203081295U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Downhole laser auxiliary rock-breaking drilling rig |
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| CN111058763A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Laser drilling rock breaking device and method |
| CN111911080A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-10 | 西南石油大学 | Laser-mechanical combined rock breaking power drilling tool |
| CN111982657A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-24 | 西南石油大学 | Rock breaking test device of laser-assisted machine |
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| CN203081295U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-07-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Downhole laser auxiliary rock-breaking drilling rig |
| CN110749521A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-02-04 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Dynamic and static load combined rock breaking test device and test method |
| CN110094158A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-08-06 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of laser engine combination drilling device |
| CN111058763A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Laser drilling rock breaking device and method |
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