CN114000889B

CN114000889B - Water-guided laser auxiliary mechanical cutter tunneling device and method and tunneling machine

Info

Publication number: CN114000889B
Application number: CN202111187435.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘斌; 徐彬; 胡蒙蒙; 张波; 黄新杰; 李彪
Original assignee: Shandong University
Current assignee: Shandong University
Priority date: 2021-10-12
Filing date: 2021-10-12
Publication date: 2022-10-25
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-12
Also published as: CN114000889A

Abstract

The invention provides a water-guide laser auxiliary mechanical cutter tunneling device, a method and a tunneling machine, wherein the tunneling device at least comprises the following components: the device comprises a shield cutter head, a water-guided laser transmission device, a laser, a water pump and an air pump; the shield cutter head is provided with a water-conducting laser nozzle and a mechanical cutter, and the water-conducting laser nozzle is embedded in the shield cutter head and is distributed in a matching way with the mechanical cutter; the light outlet of the laser, the water outlet of the water pump and the air outlet of the air pump are respectively connected or communicated with the water-conducting laser nozzle through the water-conducting laser transmission device; the invention solves the engineering problems of laser head protection, high-power laser continuous transmission and laser vibration reduction in laser shield carrying, improves the tunneling efficiency and ensures the construction safety under the complex conditions that the shield machine encounters hard strata, boulders, reinforced concrete pile foundations and the like.

Description

Water-guided laser auxiliary mechanical cutter tunneling device and method and tunneling machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering tunneling, in particular to a water-guided laser auxiliary mechanical cutter tunneling device and method and a tunneling machine.

Background

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

Along with the continuous development of urban underground space construction, the shield technology is used as the main technology of underground tunnel construction, and has the advantages of high automation degree, high construction speed, good construction quality, high safety and the like, and is widely applied to the construction fields of urban subway tunnels, highway railway tunnels and the like. When a shield machine faces a high-strength structure with the strength of more than 100MPa, such as a boulder, a reinforced concrete pile foundation and the like, the problems of low shield tunneling efficiency, large cutter abrasion, large stratum disturbance, difficult slag discharge and the like often occur, so that the construction progress and the cost are influenced.

The laser cutting is not limited by mechanical properties such as material hardness, rigidity, strength and the like, and has the characteristics of high cutting speed, high efficiency and good economic benefit. When the laser is used for cutting the rock, the high temperature generated by laser irradiation can quickly burn the surface of the rock, so that the crystal phase of the rock is changed, the strength of the rock is weakened, and the rock is broken in a melting, disintegrating and other modes; the laser has the same advantages in the aspect of cutting high-strength and high-hardness metal and has abundant practical foundation. If the laser cutting technology is introduced into the field of shield tunneling machines, the method has great potential for improving shield tunneling and obstacle breaking efficiency.

Although the laser cutting technology is mature at present, the mounting of the laser on the shield machine still has a plurality of difficult problems. The main points are as follows:

(1) How to protect the laser head under a complex shield tunneling environment and ensure that an optical path is not interfered by mud, dust and debris;

(2) The prior art does not support the connection modes of plugging and pulling, sliding contact and the like of a high-power laser fiber, and the fiber is required to be ensured to be a complete fiber from a laser to a laser head and cannot be cut off;

(3) The laser is a precise optical instrument, generates large vibration in the shield construction process, and causes the looseness of laser elements or position deviation caused by long-time vibration to cause deflection of light paths, so that equipment is burnt and the personal safety of construction personnel is damaged.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a water-jet guided laser auxiliary mechanical cutter tunneling device, a method and a tunneling machine, which solve the engineering problems of laser head protection, high-power laser continuous transmission and laser device vibration reduction in laser shield carrying, improve the tunneling efficiency and ensure the construction safety under the complex conditions that the shield machine encounters a hard stratum, an orphan stone, a reinforced concrete pile foundation and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a water-guide laser auxiliary mechanical cutter tunneling device in a first aspect.

A water-jet guided laser assisted mechanical cutter tunneling device at least comprises: the device comprises a shield cutter head, a water-guided laser transmission device, a laser, a water pump and an air pump;

the shield cutter head is provided with a water guide laser nozzle and a mechanical cutter, and the water guide laser nozzle is embedded in the shield cutter head and is matched with the mechanical cutter;

the light outlet of the laser, the water outlet of the water pump and the air outlet of the air pump are respectively connected or communicated with the water-conducting laser nozzle through the water-conducting laser transmission device.

Furthermore, the spray angle of the water-guiding laser nozzle is adjustable, and the water-guiding laser nozzle comprises a condensing lens, a window lens, a water inlet of the water-guiding laser nozzle, a water cavity, an air inlet of the water-guiding laser nozzle, an air cavity and a water-guiding laser output port;

one side of the condensing lens is opposite to the position of an optical fiber light outlet of the water-guided laser transmission device, the other side of the condensing lens is opposite to the position of one side of the window lens, and the other side of the window lens is opposite to the position of a water-guided laser output port;

the water inlet, the water cavity and the water-conducting laser output port of the water-conducting laser nozzle are communicated in sequence, and the air inlet, the air cavity and the water-conducting laser output port of the water-conducting laser nozzle are communicated in sequence.

Further, the water-jet guided laser transmission device at least comprises: the system comprises optical fibers, a water-conducting laser water supply pipeline, a rotary joint water supply pipeline, a water laminar flow device, a water-conducting laser air supply pipeline, a rotary joint air supply pipeline, a gas laminar flow device and a rotary joint;

the water pump is communicated with the water tank of the rotary joint through a water supply pipeline of the rotary joint, the water tank of the rotary joint is communicated with the water laminar flow device, the air pump is communicated with the air tank of the rotary joint through an air supply pipeline of the rotary joint, and the air tank of the rotary joint is communicated with the air laminar flow device;

the laser is connected with one end of the optical fiber, and the other end of the optical fiber penetrates out through the optical fiber channel in the rotary joint.

Further, the swivel joint includes at least: the rotating end, the fixed end and the sealing component;

the rotating end comprises a water tank, a water hole, a rotary joint water outlet channel, a rotary joint water outlet, a gas tank, a gas hole, a rotary joint gas outlet channel, a rotary joint gas outlet and a laser fiber channel;

the water tank and the air tank are coaxial with the rotating end of the rotary joint, the water tank is communicated with the water inlet of the rotary joint, the air tank is communicated with the air inlet of the rotary joint, the water tank is provided with a water hole, the water tank is communicated with the water outlet channel of the rotary joint through the water hole, the air tank is provided with an air hole, and the air tank is communicated with the air outlet channel of the rotary joint through the water hole;

the rotary joint water inlet and the rotary joint air inlet are radially not collinear, and the rotary end and the fixed end, the rotary end and the rotary joint water inlet and the rotary joint air inlet are sealed by sealing components.

Furthermore, one side of the rotating end of the rotary joint, which is far away from the cutter head, is connected with the rotating shaft, the rotary joint further comprises an end cover, the end cover is connected with the fixed end, a ribbed plate is used for dividing the end cover into two chambers, the contact position of the ribbed plate and the rotating shaft is sealed by a sealing assembly, and a laser is arranged in the first chamber and is connected with air cooling gas; the second chamber is provided with an electric brush fixed on the rotating shaft, the second chamber is provided with a power-on port, and the laser is connected with an external power supply through the electric brush.

Furthermore, the laser shock absorber further comprises a shock absorption device arranged on the rotating shaft, the laser is fixed on the shock absorption device, the shock absorption device comprises springs connected with the upper and lower surfaces of the inner side of the shock absorber, a displacement sensor arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the shock absorber and used for measuring the deformation of the springs, a plurality of dampers connected with the upper and lower surfaces of the inner side of the shock absorber, a brake and a control terminal, and the brake and the control terminal are installed at the piston rod of the damper and are in communication connection with the displacement sensor and the brake.

Furthermore, the spraying angle of the water-conducting laser nozzle is adjustable.

The second aspect of the present invention provides a working method of the above water-guided laser assisted mechanical cutter tunneling device, including the following processes:

light generated by the laser, water generated by the water pump and gas generated by the water pump are transmitted to the water-guide laser nozzle by the water-guide laser transmission device;

the water flow guides the laser to be released on the palm surface and is matched with a mechanical cutter to carry out cutting work.

Further, in the above-mentioned case,

installing water-guide laser nozzles on two sides or the front end of a mechanical cutter;

when the cutter head contacts the pile foundation, stopping the propulsion of the cutter head but keeping the rotation, starting a water-guiding laser system, cutting the reinforced concrete pile foundation by water-guiding laser in advance, forming a cutting seam on the surface of the pile foundation and cutting the reinforcing steel bars into preset lengths;

then the cutter head is started to advance, and the reinforced concrete is broken by a mechanical cutter.

In a further aspect of the present invention,

the water-guided laser nozzle is arranged at the front end of the mechanical cutter, and the water-guided laser and the mechanical cutter are simultaneously cut along the same track along with the rotary propulsion of the cutter head to break rocks together.

In a further aspect of the present invention,

when the laser rotates along with the shield cutter head, a displacement sensor arranged at the bottom of the vibration absorber measures the displacement of the laser;

when the deformation of the spring is larger than the preset amount, the displacement sensor feeds a detected signal back to the control terminal, the brake works, the number of the locking dampers is reduced, and the vibration of the laser is reduced;

when the deformation of the spring is smaller than the preset amount, the displacement sensor feeds detected signals back to the control terminal, the brake works, the number of the locked dampers is increased, the vibration of the laser is reduced, and meanwhile, the loss of the dampers is reduced.

The invention provides a heading machine which comprises the water guide laser auxiliary mechanical cutter heading device or utilizes the working method.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention solves the engineering problems of laser head protection, high-power laser continuous transmission and laser vibration reduction in laser shield carrying, improves the tunneling efficiency and ensures the construction safety under the complex conditions that the shield machine encounters hard strata, boulders, reinforced concrete pile foundations and the like.

2. The water guide laser nozzle is embedded in the shield cutter head, the nozzle is matched with the mechanical cutter, full-section cutting can be realized along with the rotation of the cutter head, the nozzle can adjust the injection angle according to requirements, joint cutting is carried out on boulders in front of a tunnel face and local high-hardness strata, and the shield tunneling efficiency is improved; when encountering with existing pile foundation, can cut the pile foundation according to preset position, produce the controllable reinforcing bar of length, prevent reinforcing bar winding blade disc, guarantee that the reinforcing bar discharges smoothly.

3. The laser head is a precise optical component, the brittleness of an optical lens is high, the optical lens is low in hardness, the laser head is extremely easy to damage, under the severe working condition of a shield, dust, rock debris, mud cakes and the like can cause irreversible damage to the laser head, and effective protection of the laser head is difficult to achieve. The invention adopts the water-guiding laser nozzle to replace the traditional laser nozzle, utilizes the total reflection of the laser at the interface of water and air and uses the high-pressure water path to conduct the laser, thereby skillfully solving the protection problem of the laser head; abrasion and breakage damage caused by the use of the laser head are avoided, and meanwhile, the water jet also has the function of removing rock slag and rock powder to interfere the light path; meanwhile, the water jet also has rock breaking capacity, when the rock mass is weakened through laser, the water jet impact can strip the rock in real time, formation of rock enamel is avoided, and rock breaking efficiency is greatly improved.

4. Under the condition of high-power laser, the prior art does not support the connection modes of plugging and pulling, rotating and the like after the optical fiber is cut off, otherwise, the optical path is disordered, the optical fiber is burnt, and even other components are damaged or safety accidents are caused by laser ejected by the optical fiber; the transmission mode of water, gas and laser not only solves the problem of the separation of high pressure water and gas and avoids the cut-off of optical fiber, but also adopts an electric brush for the rotation of the power supply line of the laser, thus having reliable performance and being feasible.

5. The laser is a precise optical instrument, and the laser element is loosened or shifted due to excessive vibration, so that the precision of a laser light path is reduced, equipment is burnt, and the personal safety of construction personnel is damaged; aiming at the problem of vibration reduction of the laser, the invention innovatively provides a variable damping vibration reduction device for carrying the laser by a shield. Automatic damping adjustment is carried out according to equipment vibration information, the laser is guaranteed not to vibrate in an allowable range to affect normal work, and the problem of vibration resistance of the laser carried on the shield is solved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structural diagram of a water-jet guided laser assisted mechanical tool tunneling device provided in this embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the water-jet guided laser nozzle provided in this embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a rotary joint structure provided in this embodiment 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a laser variable damping vibration damping device provided in this embodiment 1.

Wherein, 1, a shield cutter head; 2. a swivel joint; 3. a rotary joint water supply line; 4. a high-pressure water pump unit; 5. a high pressure air pump; 6. a swivel joint gas supply line; 7. a water-guided laser gas supply line; 8. an optical fiber; 9. a water-guided laser water supply pipeline; 10. a water-guided laser nozzle;

1001. a condenser lens; 1002. a window lens; 1003. a water-guided laser high-pressure gas inlet; 1004. a water-conducting laser gas cavity; 1005. a water-guided laser output port; 1006. a water-guided laser water chamber; 1007. a water guide laser high-pressure water inlet;

201. a swivel joint swivel end; 202. a fixed end of the swivel joint; 203. a bearing; 204. a high-pressure water inlet of the swivel joint; 205. a high-pressure water tank; 206. a water pore; 207. a laser; 208. a variable damping vibration damping device; 209. an electric brush; 210. an end cap; 211. a power-on port; 212. a swivel joint high pressure gas inlet; 213. a high-pressure gas tank; 214. air holes; 215. a rotary joint air outlet channel; 216. a rotary joint high-pressure gas outlet; 217. a high pressure air laminar flow device; 218. a laser fiber channel; 219. a rotary joint water outlet channel; 220. a high-pressure water outlet of the swivel joint; 221. a high-pressure water laminar flow device;

2101. a spring; 2102. a displacement sensor; 2103. a damper; 2104. and a brake.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other without conflict.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1 to 4, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a water-jet guided laser assisted mechanical cutter heading device, including: the device comprises a water guide laser shield cutterhead, a water guide laser transmission device, a variable damping vibration reduction device 208, a laser 207, a high-pressure water pump unit 4 and a high-pressure air pump 5.

Water is led laser shield and is constructed blade disc and include: the high-pressure water, the high-pressure gas and the laser beams generated by the high-pressure water pump set 4, the high-pressure gas pump 5 and the laser 207 are transmitted to the water-guiding laser nozzle 10 through the water-guiding laser transmission device to form the high-energy water-guiding laser energy beam to assist the shield mechanical cutter in breaking the front rock-soil body.

The water-guiding laser nozzle 10 can be arranged at the front end, the rear end, the left end and the right end of the mechanical cutter, is matched with the mechanical cutter for use, and can also be combined with the mechanical cutter to form a combined cutter, so that the high-efficiency tunneling function of the water-guiding laser auxiliary mechanical cutter is realized.

As shown in fig. 1, the water guide laser shield cutter head includes a shield cutter head 1, a water guide laser nozzle 10 mounted on the cutter head, and a mechanical cutter. The water guide laser nozzles 10 are embedded in a cutter head of the shield tunneling machine, are a plurality of and are distributed in a matching way with the mechanical cutter; the water guide laser nozzle 10 can be matched with a mechanical cutter for use, and is arranged at the front end, the rear end, the left end or the right end of the mechanical cutter as required, the water guide laser nozzle 10 at the corresponding position opened under different working conditions can adjust the spraying angle, and the water guide laser nozzle 10 can cut boulders in front of a tunnel face, existing pile foundations or hard strata along with the rotation of a cutter head, so that the cutting efficiency of the mechanical cutter is improved.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the water-guided laser nozzle includes a condenser lens 1001, a window lens 1002, a water-guided laser high-pressure water inlet 1007, a water-guided laser water chamber 1006, a water-guided laser high-pressure air inlet 1003, a water-guided laser air chamber 1004, and a water-guided laser output 1005.

The laser 207 generates high-energy laser, which is transmitted to the condenser lens 1001 through the optical fiber 8, and is focused and irradiated on the window lens 1002, and then transmitted to the water-guided laser output port 1005; high-pressure water is transmitted to a water-guide laser high-pressure water inlet 1007 through a water-guide laser water supply pipeline 9 and then flows through a water-guide laser water cavity 1006 to form a water column at a water-guide laser water outlet 1005; the high-pressure air is transmitted to a water-guide laser high-pressure air inlet 1003 through a water-guide laser air supply pipeline 7, passes through a water-guide laser air cavity 1004, and then is converged with a high-pressure water column and high-energy laser to form a water-guide laser beam.

As shown in fig. 1, the high-pressure water pump unit 4 and the high-pressure air pump 5 are arranged on a pulley matched with the shield tunneling machine, and high-pressure water generated by the high-pressure water pump unit 4 is transmitted to the rotary joint 2 through the high-pressure water supply pipeline 3; high-pressure air generated by the high-pressure air pump 5 is transmitted to the rotary joint 2 through the high-pressure air supply line 6.

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the water-guided laser delivery device includes an optical fiber 8, a water-guided laser water supply line 9, a rotary joint water supply line 3, a high-pressure water laminar flow device 219, a water-guided laser water supply line 7, a rotary joint air supply line 6, a high-pressure air laminar flow device 216, and a rotary joint 2.

The rotary joint water supply line 3 and the rotary joint air supply line 6 transmit high-pressure water and high-pressure air to the rotary joint 2, the high-pressure water and the high-pressure air pass through the high-pressure water laminar flow device 221 and the high-pressure air laminar flow device 217, the flow state is changed into stable laminar flow, and then the high-pressure water and the high-pressure air are transmitted to the water-guided laser nozzle 10 through the water-guided laser water supply line 9 and the water-guided laser air supply line 7; in addition, the high-energy laser light generated by the laser 207 is transmitted to the water-jet guided laser head 10 through the optical fiber 8.

As shown in fig. 3, the swivel joint 2 includes a swivel joint rotating end 201, a swivel joint fixing end 202, and a seal assembly. The sealing components are used for sealing between the rotary joint rotating end 201 and the rotary joint fixing end 202, between the rotary joint rotating end 201 and the rotary joint high-pressure water inlet 204, and between the rotary joint high-pressure water inlet 204 and the rotary joint high-pressure gas inlet 212.

As shown in fig. 3, the swivel joint rotating end 201 includes: the device comprises a high-pressure water tank 205, a water hole 206, a rotary joint water outlet channel 219, a rotary joint high-pressure water outlet 220, a high-pressure air tank 213, an air hole 214, a rotary joint air outlet channel 215, a rotary joint high-pressure air outlet 216 and a laser optical fiber channel 218.

The swivel joint fixed end 202 is provided with a swivel joint high pressure water inlet 204 and a swivel joint high pressure gas inlet 212. The high-pressure water tank 205 and the high-pressure gas tank 213 are coaxial with the rotary end 201 of the rotary joint and are respectively communicated with the high-pressure water inlet 204 and the high-pressure gas inlet 212 of the rotary joint; each high-pressure water tank 205 and each high-pressure air tank 213 are respectively provided with a water hole 206 and an air hole 214, the high-pressure water tank 205 is communicated with the water outlet channel 219 of the rotary joint through the water hole 206, and the high-pressure air tank 213 is communicated with the air outlet channel 215 of the rotary joint through the air hole 214; high-pressure water flows through the high-pressure water tank 205 from the high-pressure water inlet 204 of the swivel joint and is transmitted to the water outlet channel 219 of the swivel joint through the water hole 206; high-pressure gas flows through the high-pressure gas groove 213 from the high-pressure gas inlet 212 of the rotary joint and is transmitted to the air outlet channel 215 of the rotary joint through the air hole 214, so that the problem of dynamic and static separation of the high-pressure gas and the high-pressure gas is solved.

In this embodiment, the high pressure water inlet 204 and the high pressure air inlet 212 are not radially collinear to ensure that the circumferential water groove 205 and the circumferential air groove 213 do not interfere with each other, and ensure that the swivel joint can continuously swivel by 360 degrees.

In this embodiment, the swivel joint high-pressure water outlet 220 is communicated with the swivel joint water outlet channel 219, and the swivel joint high-pressure gas outlet 217 is communicated with the swivel joint air outlet channel 215, and the high-pressure water laminar flow device 221 and the high-pressure gas laminar flow device 217 are respectively installed at the swivel joint high-pressure water outlet 220 and the swivel joint high-pressure gas outlet 216.

As shown in fig. 3, the end cap 210 is fixed on the fixed end 202 of the rotary joint by screws, the end cap 210 is divided into two chambers by a rib plate, the contact position of the rib plate and the rotating shaft is sealed by a sealing assembly, the laser 207 protected by a vibration damping device is arranged in the chamber on the left side, and is cooled by an external air cooling machine; the right chamber is provided with a brush 209 fixed on the rotating shaft, the right chamber is provided with a power-on port 211, and the laser 207 is connected with an external power supply through the brush 209 to realize the separation of power supply and static and dynamic.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the water-guided laser vibration damping device 208 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the water-guided laser vibration damping device 208 comprises a spring 2101 connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the vibration damper, a displacement sensor 2102 placed at the bottom of the vibration damper for measuring the deformation of the spring 2101, a plurality of dampers 2103 connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the vibration damper, a brake 2104 mounted at the piston rod of the damper, and a control system.

When the control system controls the brake 2104 to lock, the damper locks out of operation, and when the control system controls the brake 2104 to release, more dampers are added to operation.

When the laser 207 rotates with the cutter head 1, the displacement sensor 2102 arranged at the bottom of the vibration damper can measure the displacement of the laser 207, and the following two practical working conditions are adopted:

(1) when the deformation of the spring 2101 is large (the vibration of the laser 207 is large and is larger than a preset threshold), the displacement sensor 2102 feeds a detected signal back to the control system, the brake 2104 works, the number of the locking dampers is reduced, so that more energy is absorbed, and the vibration of the laser is reduced;

(2) when the deformation of the spring 2101 is small (the vibration of the laser is small and is smaller than a preset threshold), the displacement sensor 2102 feeds a detected signal back to the control system, the brake 2104 works, the number of the locked dampers is increased, the vibration of the laser can be reduced, and the loss of the dampers can be effectively reduced; the water-guide laser vibration damping device 208 can ensure that the laser does not affect normal work when vibrating within an allowable range, and solves the problem of vibration resistance of the laser carried on the shield.

The invention can carry out the following shield tunneling working conditions:

(1) Water-guided laser-mechanical work in sequence: in the process of tunneling urban underground space by a shield method, the working condition that a reinforced concrete pile foundation exists in front of a tunnel face is often met, and the water-guiding laser nozzles 10 are arranged on the two sides or the front end of a mechanical cutter. When the cutter head contacts the pile foundation, stopping the propulsion of the cutter head but keeping the rotation, starting a water-jet guided laser system, cutting the reinforced concrete pile foundation by water-jet guided laser in advance, forming a joint cut on the surface of the pile foundation and cutting the reinforcing steel bars into preset lengths; then the cutterhead is started to advance, and the reinforced concrete is broken by using a mechanical cutter. The problems that steel bars are easy to wind the cutter head to cause tunneling speed reduction, the cutter head is difficult to slag and the like in conventional mechanical removal are solved.

(2) Water-guided laser-mechanical combined operation: in the process of tunneling urban underground space by a shield method, the working condition that local high-hardness stratum or boulder exists in front of a tunnel face is often encountered, the water-guided laser nozzle 10 is suitable to be arranged at the front end of a mechanical cutter, and water-guided laser and the mechanical cutter are simultaneously cut along the same track along with the rotary propulsion of the cutter head to jointly break rock. At the moment, the water-guided laser continuously forms a kerf on the surface of the rock in the tunneling process and reduces the strength of the rock, thereby greatly increasing the penetration of the mechanical cutter and being beneficial to the formation and the stripping of large slag sheets. During specific construction, a part of the water-guiding laser nozzles 10 can be selectively opened according to the position of a local hard stratum or an boulder, so that energy consumption is reduced, and the shield tunneling efficiency is improved.

Example 2:

the embodiment 2 of the invention provides a heading machine which comprises the water-guide laser auxiliary mechanical cutter heading device in the embodiment 1.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a water guide laser auxiliary machinery cutter tunnelling device which characterized in that:

at least comprises the following steps: the device comprises a shield cutter head, a water-guided laser transmission device, a laser, a water pump and an air pump;

the shield cutter head is provided with a water-conducting laser nozzle and a mechanical cutter, and the water-conducting laser nozzle is embedded in the shield cutter head and is distributed in a matching way with the mechanical cutter; the water-guided laser transmission device at least comprises: the device comprises optical fibers, a water-conducting laser water supply pipeline, a rotary joint water supply pipeline, a water laminar flow device, a water-conducting laser air supply pipeline, a rotary joint air supply pipeline, an air laminar flow device and a rotary joint, wherein a laser is connected with one end of each optical fiber, and the other end of each optical fiber penetrates out of an optical fiber channel in the rotary joint;

the light outlet of the laser, the water outlet of the water pump and the air outlet of the air pump are respectively connected or communicated with the water-conducting laser nozzle through the water-conducting laser transmission device;

the swivel joint includes at least: the rotating end, the fixed end and the sealing component;

the swivel joint water inlet and the swivel joint air inlet are radially not collinear, and the sealing assemblies are used for sealing between the rotating end and the fixed end, between the rotating end and the swivel joint water inlet and between the swivel joint water inlet and the swivel joint air inlet.

2. The water-guided laser assisted mechanical cutter ripping apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the water-conducting laser nozzle is adjustable in injection angle and comprises a condensing lens, a window lens, a water-conducting laser nozzle water inlet, a water cavity, a water-conducting laser nozzle air inlet, an air cavity and a water-conducting laser output port;

3. The water-guided laser assisted mechanical cutter ripping apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the water pump is communicated with the water tank of the rotary joint through a water supply pipeline of the rotary joint, the water tank of the rotary joint is communicated with the water laminar flow device, the air pump is communicated with the air tank of the rotary joint through an air supply pipeline of the rotary joint, and the air tank of the rotary joint is communicated with the air laminar flow device.

4. The water-guided laser assisted mechanical cutter ripping apparatus of claim 3, wherein:

the side, far away from the cutter head, of the rotating end of the rotary joint is connected with the rotating shaft, the rotary joint further comprises an end cover, the end cover is connected with the fixed end, the end cover is internally divided into two chambers by a rib plate, the position, in contact with the rotating shaft, of the rib plate is sealed by a sealing assembly, a laser is arranged in the first chamber, and air-cooled gas is connected into the first chamber; the second chamber is provided with an electric brush fixed on the rotating shaft, the second chamber is provided with a power-on port, and the laser is connected with an external power supply through the electric brush.

5. The water-guided laser assisted mechanical cutter tunneling device according to claim 4, characterized in that:

the laser shock absorber is characterized by further comprising a shock absorption device arranged on the rotating shaft, the laser is fixed on the shock absorption device, the shock absorption device comprises springs connected with the upper and lower surfaces of the inner side of the shock absorber, a displacement sensor arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the shock absorber and used for measuring the deformation of the springs, a plurality of dampers connected with the upper and lower surfaces of the inner side of the shock absorber, a brake and a control terminal which are arranged at the position of a piston rod of each damper, and the displacement sensor and the brake are in communication connection with the control terminal.

6. The working method of the water-jet guided laser assisted mechanical tool boring device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:

the method comprises the following steps:

light generated by the laser, water generated by the water pump and gas generated by the water pump are transmitted to the water-conducting laser nozzle by the water-conducting laser transmission device;

the water flow guides the laser to be released on the tunnel face and is matched with a mechanical cutter to carry out cutting work.

7. The method of operation of claim 6, wherein:

when the cutter head contacts the pile foundation, stopping the propulsion of the cutter head but keeping the rotation, starting a water-jet guided laser system, cutting the reinforced concrete pile foundation by water-jet guided laser in advance, forming a joint cut on the surface of the pile foundation and cutting the reinforcing steel bars into preset lengths;

then the cutter head is started to advance, and the reinforced concrete is broken by a mechanical cutter;

alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

8. The method of operation of claim 6, wherein:

when the deformation of the spring is larger than the preset amount, the displacement sensor feeds the detected signal back to the control terminal, the brake works, the number of the locking dampers is reduced, and the vibration of the laser is reduced;

9. A heading machine is characterized in that: the water guide laser auxiliary mechanical cutter tunneling device comprising the water guide laser auxiliary mechanical cutter tunneling device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5 or the working method as defined in any one of claims 6 to 8.