JP2013147817A - Method for repairing slab track, and laser irradiation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for repairing a slab track.SOLUTION: A method for repairing a slab track having a packed bed 150 of a resin which contains aggregate at the lower part of a track slab 110 includes the steps of: transporting a laser head 3 for irradiating the packed bed 150 with laser 30 transmitted through a fiber 2, fluid supply means 4 and 5, and suction means 6, 7, and 8 to the installation site of a slab track; and removing at least a portion of the packed bed 150 by injecting a fluid to the packed bed 150 from a first fluid supply port of the fluid supply means 4 and 5 arranged at the laser head 3 while irradiating the packed bed 150 with laser 30 transmitted through the fiber 2 from the laser head 3 and moving the laser head 3 along the packed bed 150 so as to scan the laser irradiation place and the fluid injection place. When at least a portion of the packed bed 150 is removed, melted trash 60 generated from the place irradiated with laser 30 is sucked with the suction means 6, 7, and 8.

Description

  The present invention relates to a repair method for a slab type track in which a filling layer made of a resin containing aggregate is provided below a track slab, and a laser irradiation apparatus that can be used for cutting the filling layer.

  In high-speed railways, slab type tracks are widely used. In the slab type track, a filling layer as a cushioning material is provided between the track slab and the roadbed concrete. This filling layer needs to be periodically repaired because it deteriorates with age due to vibration, vehicle load, and temperature change. As a method for repairing the slab type track, there has been proposed a method in which a deteriorated portion is scraped and filled with a repair material (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a slab type track, which is cited from FIG. In addition, the code | symbol in the same figure was changed. According to the figure, in the slab type track, a concrete track slab 110 is installed on the roadbed concrete 100, and a columnar protrusion 120 is provided on the roadbed concrete 100 to support a lateral load on the track slab 110. Is established. A rail 140 is directly connected to the track slab 110 by a fastener 130, and the rail 140 is elastic by a filling layer 150 (hereinafter simply referred to as “filling layer”) provided between the track slab 110 and the roadbed concrete 100. Supported by In Patent Document 1, the filling layer 150 is composed of CA mortar (cement asphalt mortar) in which cement, asphalt emulsion and fine aggregate are mixed.

  FIGS. 8A to 8C are explanatory diagrams showing a conventional method for repairing a slab-type track, and are cited from FIGS. 2A to 2C of Patent Document 1. FIG. In addition, the code | symbol in the figure was changed as needed. And in the repair method of patent document 1, after shaving off the degradation part of the filling layer 150 with the rotary cutter 21, and processing the shaving part 22 (FIG. 6 (A)), with the vibrator 24 via the barb 23 While applying vibration, the repair material A is pushed into the scraped portion (FIG. 6B), and then the surface of the packed repair material A is processed smoothly (FIG. 6C). In Patent Document 1, as a repair material A, a radical curable synthetic resin is used as a base material, and a mixture of a small piece (for example, a rubber chip) of a polymer elastic material and an inorganic aggregate (for example, silica sand). It is described that it can be used. Hereinafter, a resin containing an aggregate such as silica sand is referred to as “bone-containing resin”.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-256504

  According to the technique described in Patent Document 1, in the repair of a slab type track, the deteriorated portion of the filling layer under the track slab can be efficiently cut and removed by a rotary cutter without lifting the track slab. . However, since it was decided to use bone-containing resin (especially containing silica sand) from CA mortar as the repair material, the filling layer became hard, and this bone-containing resin portion was again turned into a rotary cutter during the next repair. It is difficult to cut and remove. Furthermore, in recent years, in a slab-type track in a cold region with snowfall, the filling layer under the track slab has an inorganic aggregate in MMA (methyl methacrylate) resin that is less deteriorated due to repeated freezing and thawing of water. In many cases, a material containing silica sand (hereinafter referred to as “reinforced MMA resin”) is used. Since this reinforced MMA resin is very hard, it is not easy to cut and cut using a diamond blade cutter. In addition, such slab track repairs are often performed at night when there is no vehicle operation, so work with physical cutting blades is noisy and has a significant impact on the surrounding living environment. There is.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method capable of cutting and cutting even a reinforced MMA resin. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of repairing at the installation location and a laser irradiation apparatus and method having a simple and transportable configuration capable of cutting the filling layer under the track slab.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the slab track repair method of the present invention is a slab track repair method in which a filling layer made of resin containing aggregate is provided at a lower portion of the track slab, and the slab track A laser head for irradiating the filling layer with a laser transmitted via a fiber, a fluid supply means, and a suction means are transported to the installation location of the first fluid supply of the fluid supply means provided in the laser head The laser head is moved along the filling layer while irradiating the filling layer with a laser transmitted from the laser head through the fiber while ejecting a fluid from the mouth to the filling layer. Scanning at least the part of the filling layer by scanning the irradiation part and the fluid jetting part, and when removing at least part of the filling layer, Melting scrap resulting from elevation position, characterized in that suction by the suction means.

  Furthermore, in the repair method of the slab type track, the fluid supply means uses the laser irradiation port of the laser head as the first fluid supply port to the laser irradiation position of the filling layer from the laser irradiation port. It is preferable to eject the fluid. Further, the fluid supply means has a second fluid supply port, and supplies the fluid from the second fluid supply port in a counter scanning direction opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head. preferable.

  Furthermore, in the repair method of the slab type track, the suction port of the suction unit is preferably provided on the side opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head.

  Furthermore, in the repair method of the slab type track, at least the laser head may be moved using a slide rail arranged substantially parallel to the filling layer, or the track rail fastened on the track slab It may be used to move at least the laser head.

  Furthermore, in the repair method of the slab type track, it is preferable that the hood includes a hood that includes all or part of the laser head, and the hood is provided with a suction port of the suction means. Furthermore, the hood may be moved together with the laser head, or the hood may be provided independently of the moving means, and the laser head may be moved within the hood. Further, it is preferable that a front end of the hood is brought into contact with the slab type track to form a closed space, and at least a part of the filling layer is removed in the closed space.

  Furthermore, in the repair method of the slab type track, it is preferable that the laser head irradiates the laser with focusing on the center of the width of the filling layer.

  Furthermore, in the repair method of the slab type track, after removing at least a part of the filling layer, a repair material may be packed in the part.

  Further, the laser irradiation apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus for cutting a filling layer made of a resin including an aggregate provided below a slab type track slab, a laser oscillator and a laser output from the laser oscillator , A laser head that irradiates the filling layer with a laser transmitted through the fiber, and a fluid supply means that is partly provided in the laser head and injects a fluid to the filling layer , Suction means for sucking molten debris generated from the laser irradiation location, and moving means for moving the laser head to scan the laser irradiation location and the fluid injection location, the laser head, Condensing means for condensing the laser transmitted through the fiber, and the fluid supply for injecting the fluid to the laser irradiation location A first fluid supply port of the stage; and a second fluid supply port of the fluid supply means for supplying the fluid in a counter-scanning direction opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head. To do.

  Furthermore, in the laser irradiation apparatus, the laser head has a casing for storing the light collecting means, and the fluid supply means uses a laser irradiation port provided at a tip of the casing as a first fluid supply port. As above, it is preferable that the fluid is ejected directly or fan-shaped from the laser irradiation port.

  Further, in the laser irradiation apparatus, the fluid supply means has the second fluid supply port on the scanning direction side of the laser head with respect to the laser head, and from the second fluid supply port, It is preferable that the fluid is supplied to a laser irradiation position in a counter scanning direction opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head.

  Furthermore, in the laser irradiation apparatus, it is preferable that the suction port of the suction unit is provided on the side opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head.

  Further, in the laser irradiation apparatus, the moving means may include a slide rail arranged along the scanning direction and a slide unit that supports the laser head and moves on the slide rail. Alternatively, a slide unit that supports the laser head and moves on a track rail fastened on the track slab may be provided. Moreover, it is preferable that the said moving means has a means to adjust the irradiation distance of the said filling layer and the said laser head, the irradiation position in the height direction of the said filling layer, or the irradiation direction of the said laser with respect to the said filling layer.

  Furthermore, the laser irradiation apparatus preferably includes a hood that includes all or part of the laser head, and the hood is provided with a suction port of the suction means. Furthermore, the hood may be configured such that the laser head can be moved together with the moving means, or the hood is provided independently of the moving means, and the moving means includes the hood. Inside, the laser head may be configured to be movable. Moreover, it is preferable that the said food | hood has a sliding assistance means at the front-end | tip.

  Furthermore, in the laser irradiation apparatus, it is preferable that the suction port of the suction unit is configured to be movable together with the laser head by the moving unit.

  The laser irradiation apparatus of the present invention includes a laser oscillator, a fiber that transmits a laser output from the laser oscillator, a laser head that irradiates a workpiece with a laser transmitted through the fiber, and the laser. A part of the head is provided, a fluid supply means for ejecting a fluid to the workpiece, a suction means for sucking molten debris generated from the laser irradiation position, and the laser head is moved to move the laser. And a moving means for scanning an irradiation location and a fluid ejection location, wherein the laser head condenses a laser beam transmitted through the fiber, and ejects the fluid to the laser irradiation location. The fluid supply means, the fluid supply means, and the fluid in a direction opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head. Having a second fluid supply inlet of the fluid supply means for supplying.

  According to the present invention, a filling layer made of a bone-containing resin (including a reinforced MMA resin, hereinafter, simply referred to as a bone-containing resin unless otherwise specified) is provided below the track slab. The slab track can be repaired at the installation location. In addition, a material having high hardness can be safely cut in a short time at the installation location by a laser irradiation device configured to be transportable and movable. Other effects will be described in the mode for carrying out the invention.

Schematic which shows the example of the whole structure of the laser irradiation apparatus of this invention Schematic showing examples of laser head and hood configurations Explanatory drawing which shows another example of composition of food Explanatory drawing which shows another example of a structure of a suction means Explanatory drawing which shows an example of a moving means Explanatory drawing which shows another example of a moving means Schematic which shows the structure of a slab type track. This figure is a quotation of FIG. (A)-(C) are explanatory drawings which show the repair method of the conventional slab type track | orbit. This figure quotes FIG. 2 (A)-(C) of patent document 1. FIG.

  The laser irradiation apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus configured to be capable of cutting and cutting even a member including at least part of a bone-containing resin as a workpiece. Since the bone-containing resin is usually very hard, it is difficult to cut it, and even if a diamond blade is used, the cutting edge is worn. Furthermore, although the resin (MMA resin) itself melts by a thermal reaction, it is re-solidified as soon as it is cooled. Therefore, it is difficult to cut from this point.

  The laser irradiation apparatus of the present invention is particularly suitable for use in cutting and cutting a filler layer made of a bone-containing resin formed under a railroad track slab at a place where the track slab is installed. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be applied to a case where a workpiece made of other materials is cut and cut, or to a workpiece other than a railroad track slab.

  The laser irradiation apparatus of the present invention irradiates the workpiece with a laser from the laser head while blowing the molten debris by the fluid supply means, and sucks and collects the molten debris by the suction means arranged around the laser head. By being configured in this manner, it is possible to irradiate the workpiece with laser while removing melting waste generated when irradiating the laser, so that even a bone-containing resin can be cut. In addition, molten debris refers to all that is generated by irradiating the surface of a workpiece with a laser, and in addition to a melt based on the workpiece or a part of the composition, an individual such as a scattered workpiece. And gases such as reaction gas and smoke generated by evaporation of the surface layer.

  The workpiece to which the present invention is directed does not require precise processing or prevention of surface contamination unlike a semiconductor wafer. For this reason, it is not necessary to construct so that the molten waste is directly sucked into the laser head so that the molten waste does not adhere to the processing surface, and a simple configuration in which the fluid supply means and the suction means are provided in the laser head can be provided. .

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The present embodiment is an example of a laser irradiation apparatus that cuts the filling layer below the track slab. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of the laser irradiation apparatus of the present embodiment. This laser irradiation apparatus can be used for cutting and cutting the filling layer 150 provided under the track slab 110. First, the configuration of the laser irradiation apparatus will be described, and then a slab track repair method using the laser irradiation apparatus will be described.

[Laser irradiation equipment]
This laser irradiation apparatus includes a laser oscillator 1, a fiber 2, a laser head 3, and suction means, and the laser head 3 is provided with a part of the configuration of fluid supply means (see FIG. 2). Moreover, you may provide the moving means 10 which moves the laser head 3 at least. The laser head 3 is connected to the laser oscillator 1 through the fiber 2 and can be routed at a place where the filling layer is installed (work place). Further, the laser oscillator 1, the fluid supply source 4 of the fluid supply means, and the suction source 8 of the suction means are also configured to be transportable and movable. In addition, it is preferable that the laser irradiation apparatus can appropriately set irradiation conditions such as laser output, focal position, beam width, and scanning speed according to the type and properties of the workpiece.

  The laser oscillator 1 can employ a known configuration, and includes, for example, an excitation source, a laser medium, an optical resonator, and the like. The excitation source may be either a continuous oscillation (CW) type or a pulse oscillation type, and an arc lamp, a flash lamp, or the like can be used. Moreover, you may provide the drive means for adding an excitation current etc. and driving according to the light source to be used. As the laser medium, a solid laser (ruby laser, YAG laser, etc.) or a semiconductor laser (laser diode) can be employed. In particular, it is preferable to use a laser diode-excited fiber laser.

If a semiconductor laser is used, the laser oscillator 1 can be reduced in size, so it is carried to the place where the slab type track is installed, and the filling layer 150 below the track slab 110 is cut and cut while being moved appropriately at the place of installation. This is preferable. However, it is the laser head that directly irradiates the laser to the slab type track, and the laser oscillator 1 itself may be disposed within the reach of the fiber 2. The laser medium is not particularly limited, and a gas laser (CO ₂ laser, etc.) may also be employed.

  The laser output from the laser oscillator 1 is transmitted to the laser head 3 through the fiber 2. The laser head 3 has a configuration of a part of a fluid supply unit that jets a fluid and blows away molten debris in a specific direction in addition to a unit that focuses and irradiates a laser, and is supported by a moving unit 10 so as to be movable. Is done. As a result, the present laser irradiation apparatus can scan the irradiation location of the laser 30 and the fluid injection location in a specific direction. Hereinafter, in the moving direction of the laser head 3 by the moving means, the direction of scanning the irradiated portion of the laser 30 is referred to as “scanning direction”, and the direction opposite to the scanning direction is referred to as “anti-scanning direction”. The moving direction of the laser head 3 is preferably parallel to the direction along the longitudinal end of the track slab. A specific configuration of the laser head 3 will be described later with reference to FIG.

  The fluid supply means supplies the fluid to irradiate the surface of the workpiece more reliably, especially in the case of bone-containing resin, before the molten debris generated at the laser irradiation site resolidifies. In addition, the surface of the bone-containing resin can be irradiated with a laser by spraying and blowing off a fluid. Further, since smoke generated from the workpiece by laser irradiation also becomes an obstacle to the laser, it is preferable to blow off the smoke by supplying fluid from the fluid supply means. In addition, the fluid supply means may be used to prevent or reduce contamination of the laser head or the optical system by melting debris as necessary.

  The fluid supply means includes a nozzle (including a fluid supply port) disposed in the laser head 3, a fluid supply source 4 and a supply hose 5. The fluid supply source 4 pumps the fluid to a nozzle disposed in the laser head 3 via a supply hose 5. The fluid supply source 4 includes, for example, a tank, a cylinder, a compressor, and the like. The pumped fluid is jetted onto the filling layer 150 from a fluid supply port of a nozzle provided in the laser head 3. As the fluid, an appropriate gas can be selected according to the work environment and the properties of the workpiece. Moreover, if it is set as the structure provided with a some fluid supply port and a some fluid supply source, the fluid of a different kind and a different pressure can also be separately supplied with respect to the filling layer 150 from a different direction.

  The suction means includes a suction port 6, a suction hose 7, and a suction source 8 disposed in the vicinity of the laser head 3. The suction means sucks molten debris 60 (including reaction gas) generated from the irradiation position of the laser 30 through the suction port 6. The suction source 8 includes, for example, a pump that applies a suction force, a suction chamber, a processing chamber that processes the recovered molten waste 60 (including reaction gas), an exhaust filter, and the like. The molten waste 60 sucked from the suction port 6 may be collected by the suction source 8 through the suction hose 7, and the other harmless air may be discharged through the exhaust filter. The suction port 6 is preferably provided in or inside the hood that contains all or part of the laser head 3. The hood will be described later with reference to FIGS.

  The moving means 10 supports at least the laser head 3 and moves the laser head 3 to scan the laser irradiation position and the fluid injection position. The moving means 10 may be provided so that not only the laser head 3 but also a suction means, a fluid supply means or a laser oscillator can be moved in accordance with the laser head. A specific configuration of the moving unit 10 will be described later with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. In this laser apparatus, the laser head 3 itself can be reduced in size, and an operator can manually move the laser head 3 at the work site to cut the workpiece.

[Repair method of slab type track by laser irradiation device]
In the repair method of the present embodiment, after cutting all or part of the filling layer formed under the track slab with such a laser irradiation device, the repair material can be packed, the track slab can be replaced, or the roadbed Concrete can be repaired. The repair method using the laser irradiation apparatus according to the present invention is provided on the entire surface of the lower part of the track slab shown in FIG. 7 for the filling layer provided in a substantially U-shape at the lower part of the track slab shown in FIG. It can also be applied to the filling layer.

  In the slab type track shown in FIG. 1, the filling layer 150 is provided in a substantially U shape along the contour of the track slab 110 between the track slab 110 made of concrete and the roadbed concrete (not shown). Or a part is formed with a bone-containing material resin. When repairing such a slab-type track having a filling layer formed in a substantially U-shape, the laser irradiation device irradiates a laser, and the laser irradiation location is determined along the installation direction of the filling layer 150. After scanning and cutting the filling layer 150, the slab plate is lifted with a jack or the like to repair the formation of a new filling layer, replacement of the track slab, and the like. The laser head can appropriately set the laser output, focal length, spot diameter, etc., and the filling layer may be cut along the installation direction by one scan, or a plurality of scans may be repeated little by little. You may make it cut | disconnect gradually, making a cutting groove deep.

  In the slab type track shown in FIG. 7, a filling layer 150 is provided between the track slab 110 and the roadbed concrete 100 so that the rail 140 can be elastically supported. The filling layer 150 is formed on the entire lower surface of the track slab 110 with CA mortar (cement asphalt mortar) in which cement, asphalt emulsion and fine aggregate are mixed. In addition, the same CA mortar filling layer 160 is also provided between the columnar protrusion 120 erected on the roadbed concrete 100 and the track slab 110 to support a lateral load acting on the track slab 110. .

  When repairing the filling layer formed on the entire surface of the lower part of the track slab, first, as in FIG. 8A, the deteriorated portion of the filling layer 150 is first reduced in width (in the installed state) by this laser irradiation device. (Depth with respect to laser) It is scraped over about 50 to 100 mm. In this case, while appropriately changing the height of the laser head (up and down direction of the filling layer 150 in the installed state), the laser irradiation site is scanned along the installation direction of the filling layer 150 and removed to a desired width. Also good. Further, after roughing, the deteriorated portion may be carefully removed using a skin plow. After removing the deteriorated part, clean it carefully so that no shavings remain on the machined surface. Further, if the shaving portion 22 is wet, it is dried using a gas burner or the like as appropriate. Then, the shaving portion 22 is cured by sticking a tape on the surface so that dirt does not adhere. A back-up material is packed in the gap between adjacent track slabs 110 and cured. Next, after a primer is applied to the shaving portion 22, a repair material filling operation is started. A synthetic resin identical to the synthetic resin of the repair material is used for the primer, and a predetermined proportion of a curing agent is added to the primer and then applied using a brush or a roller.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8 (B), in the repair material filling operation, the gap portion from which a part of the filling layer is removed is filled with the repair material. Distribute to 22. And it pushes in against the repair material A, applying vibration with the vibrator 24 through the wood 23. Thus, the repair material A is filled up to the back. Next, after removing the barb 23, a repair material is appropriately added, and finishing is performed using a metal iron so that the surface of the repair material A becomes smooth as shown in FIG. 8C.

  The repair material A is made by using a synthetic resin having radical curability as a base material, mixing a small piece of a polymer elastic material and an inorganic aggregate, and adding a hardener for the base material. According to this, since a synthetic resin that cures by radical polymerization is adopted for the base material, the addition of a radical polymerization initiator as a curing agent can quickly cure even at low temperatures and develop the required strength in a short time. is there. In addition, the small pieces of the polymer elastic material function to increase the elasticity of the repair layer, and the inorganic aggregate functions to increase the compressive strength of the repair layer, and the blending ratio of the small pieces of the polymer elastic material and the inorganic aggregate is adjusted. Thus, the compressive strength and the spring constant of the repair layer can be set to required values adapted to the elastic support of the track slab. Furthermore, since the temperature rise is suppressed by the reaction heat generated when the base resin is cured being absorbed by the small pieces of the polymer elastic material or the inorganic aggregate, the generation of cracks due to curing shrinkage can be prevented. In addition to this, it is preferable that the radical curable synthetic resin serving as the base material contains polyester acrylate as a main component. According to this, it is suitable for ensuring the required compressive strength and spring characteristics, and is relatively inexpensive and excellent in durability. More specifically, the polyester acrylate is preferably a solventless vinyl ester resin or a modified MMA resin. The solventless vinyl ester resin is not dissolved in a solvent such as styrene, and can be made suitable for repairing the lower slab filling layer by imparting thixotropy with silica powder or the like. On the other hand, the modified MMA resin is one in which a part of the monomer serving as a crosslinking agent is methyl methacrylate (MMA), and by adjusting the viscosity to be relatively low, it can be made excellent in crack penetration. Suitable for repairing the filling layer around the protrusion between the track slab and the protrusion.

  Furthermore, the polymer elastic material piece is preferably a rubber chip obtained by cutting an old tire. According to this, it is suitable for ensuring the required compressive strength and spring characteristics, and can be obtained at low cost by using waste, so that a significant cost reduction can be achieved. The other polymer elastic material may be a urethane resin or a synthetic resin such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA resin), and in this case, it has physical properties that do not easily dissolve in the solvent of the base resin. Things are desirable.

  The inorganic aggregate is preferably quartz sand. The inorganic aggregate has physical properties that do not hinder the radical curing reaction of the base resin, and preferably has a particle size of about 0.5 mm to 5 mm. If the diameter is larger than this, mixing and stirring with the base resin Workability at the time of operation and filling work deteriorates. Silica sand is most suitable as an inorganic aggregate satisfying these conditions because of cost and availability. Other inorganic aggregates include natural mineral products such as bauxite, fired products such as porcelain and ceramics, and blast furnace slag.

  In particular, when used for repairing the slab lower filling layer between the track slab and the roadbed concrete, it is preferable that silica powder is added. According to this, thixotropy can be imparted to the base resin, it is difficult to lose shape, and it can be filled by trowel work without providing a formwork, and workability in repairing the bottom filling layer of the slab Can be greatly improved. In addition, the thixotropic modification of the base resin provides the effect of preventing sedimentation of small pieces of inorganic aggregate and polymer elastic material. In addition, in order to impart thixotropy to the base resin, a so-called extender-based fine powder may be used, but the silica powder is used in terms of cost and availability and does not hinder the radical curing reaction of the base resin. Is the best.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing an example of the configuration of the laser head 3 and the hood 9. The filling layer 150 shown in the figure shows a part of the substantially U-shaped filling layer 150 shown in FIG.

  The laser head 3 has a configuration of a part of a fiber connection portion 31, a light condensing means 32, a casing 33 for storing them, and a fluid supply means.

  The fiber connection portion 31 is an optical member (for example, a quartz lens) attached to the emission end of the fiber 2, and emits the laser transmitted through the fiber 2 toward the light condensing means 32.

  The condensing means 32 is a condensing optical system composed of one or a plurality of lenses, condenses the emitted laser to a high energy density, and irradiates the filling layer 150 with the condensed laser 30. . The laser head 3 is preferably configured such that the intensity of laser irradiation can be appropriately set by changing the output of the laser oscillator 1. Hereinafter, the optical axis direction of the laser 30 is referred to as “irradiation direction”.

The condensing means 32 can set the focal length of the laser 30 as appropriate, but sets the focal length so that the center line 151 whose focus width (depth in the installed state) is approximately half is in focus. It is preferable to do. Moreover, you may comprise so that a focal distance may not be fixed but may be changed according to an irradiation location. The laser emitted from the laser head 3 preferably has an output of 100 W or more and a wavelength of 500 nm or more, and particularly preferably has an output of 200 to 500 W and a wavelength of 1060 to 1100 nm. The energy density at the focal point can be appropriately designed according to the material and irradiation time, but is preferably in the range of 5 × 10 ^{−4 to} 1.25 × 10 ⁻⁴ W / μm ² . The laser spot diameter may be set as appropriate in relation to the energy density and the dimension of the non-workpiece, but preferably has a diameter of 20 to 200 μm.

  Although the irradiation port 35 for irradiating the laser 30 is provided at the tip of the casing 33, the irradiation port 35 can also serve as a fluid supply port.

  As described above, the laser head 3 is provided with a part of the structure of the fluid supply means. The fluid supply means includes a first system (first unit) including a fluid supply source 4 (see FIG. 1), a supply hose 5, a connection pipe 34, a part of the casing 33, and an irradiation port 35 which is a first fluid supply port. 1 fluid supply means). In addition, the fluid supply means includes a fluid supply source 4 (which may be the same as or different from the first system), a supply hose 5, a nozzle 36, and a second fluid supply port 37 as necessary. The second system (second fluid supply means) may be included.

  In the first system, the fluid pumped from the fluid supply source 4 via the supply hose 5 is ejected from the first fluid supply port that also serves as the irradiation port 35 toward the laser irradiation position in the filling layer 150. . Thereby, it is possible to blow away the molten debris generated from the laser irradiation location and prevent the resin from re-solidifying at the irradiation location. Further, in FIG. 2, a configuration in which a part of the casing 33 is used as a nozzle and the first system ejects fluid from the first fluid supply port that also serves as the irradiation port 35 is adopted. Inflow of molten debris can be prevented or reduced. In the first system, gas is preferably used as the fluid. As this gas, dry air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or an inert gas (for example, helium, neon, argon, etc.) can be appropriately selected. In particular, when there is a possibility of generating a toxic reaction gas (for example, chlorine) from the workpiece, it is preferable to supply nitrogen or an inert gas in order to reduce the generation of these.

  As shown in the figure, when the laser optical axis and the fluid ejection axis are coaxial, the ejection direction of the fluid ejected from the first fluid supply port 35 is the same as the irradiation direction of the laser 30. Therefore, the fluid can be supplied to the laser irradiation location, the molten debris can be effectively removed, and the laser can be irradiated to the surface of the workpiece. Furthermore, it is possible to effectively prevent the molten debris from adhering to the vicinity of the tip of the laser head 3 or the molten debris from entering the laser head 3.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the first fluid supply port 35 is configured so that the shape of the fluid to be ejected is solid (straight forward, direct injection). As a result, even when the laser reaches deep inside the filling layer 150, the fluid can be sprayed onto the irradiated portion, and the surface of the workpiece can be irradiated with the melt by blowing away the molten waste. As the flow rate of the fluid ejected from the first system of the fluid supply means, it is possible to irradiate molten debris with laser according to the material of the workpiece, the processing depth, the size of the fluid supply port, and the type of fluid. It is set appropriately so that it can be removed to the extent.

  In addition, the structure of the 1st system | strain of the fluid supply means shown to the figure is an example, Comprising: It is not limited to this. For example, the first system may be configured using a nozzle separate from the casing 33, and the nozzle injection port may be disposed near the irradiation port 35 of the casing. The arrangement, number and shape of the first fluid supply ports can be set as appropriate. For example, the first fluid supply port may be provided separately from the irradiation port 35, and the optical axis and the ejection axis may not be coaxial. Moreover, you may comprise so that the injection shape of a fluid may become a full cone (cone shape) instead of solid (straight advance, direct injection). Furthermore, the second system function described below can also be provided. That is, it is also possible to design so as to have two functions: removal of molten debris at a laser irradiation location and removal of molten debris in the scanning direction.

  The second system is provided mainly to remove melting debris, smoke, and the like in the scanning direction of the laser irradiation location, and supplies fluid to the irradiation location from one direction to an oblique direction. In a 2nd system | strain, the fluid pumped from the fluid supply source 4 is supplied with respect to an irradiation location via the supply hose 5. FIG. The fluid supply direction by the second system is preferably set so as to be approximately the anti-scanning direction. The second fluid supply port 37 is preferably configured such that the shape of the fluid to be supplied is a direct injection, a full cone (conical shape), or the like. The pressure of the fluid supplied from the second fluid supply port 37 is preferably set lower than the pressure of the fluid ejected from the first fluid supply port. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various configurations can be adopted for the second system of the fluid supply means. For example, the fluid is sent out by a fan composed of a flat panel having a certain area. It may be configured.

  In the second system, the fluid is ejected so as not to interfere with the direct fluid ejection by the first system while having a certain degree of spread, so that the fluid is ejected from the first fluid supply port and separated from the irradiation site. The melted debris can be blown off in a specific direction. For this reason, molten debris (including smoke) does not scatter in the scanning direction of the irradiated portion, and the laser irradiation is hardly hindered. Further, the molten debris can be easily sucked and collected by a simple suction means.

  In the second system, a gas or a liquid (including a mist-like liquid (steam)) may be used as the fluid. As the gas, as with the first system, dry air, nitrogen, and an inert gas can be appropriately selected. As the liquid, water, a non-flammable solvent, or the like can be used. However, when using a liquid, it is necessary to eject the liquid in a shape that does not hinder the transmission of the laser.

  In the figure, two independent systems have been described as the fluid supply means, but the present invention is not limited to this. Either one of the systems may be used depending on the form of the workpiece.

  The whole or at least the tip of the laser head 3 is preferably disposed so as to be covered with the hood 9, and the hood 9 is preferably provided with a suction port 6 of suction means. The hood 9 can be used as a simple chamber (processing chamber) at the place where the filling layer 150 is installed. Further, a sensor capable of detecting a toxic reaction gas may be provided in the hood 9 so that the operator is warned of the generation of the toxic gas. Further, the hood 9 may be provided with a transparent window (attenuating the laser light as necessary to prevent damage to the eyes) so that the internal laser irradiation position can be confirmed. The hood 9 is preferably arranged so as to provide more space on the side in the anti-scanning direction.

  It is preferable that the front end of the hood 9 abuts on the surface of the filling layer 150 (workpiece) so that a closed space can be formed. Here, the closed space is preferably a completely closed and sealed space, but a slight gap may be opened. When the hood 9 is moved together with the laser head 3, it is preferable to provide a sliding assist means on the surface side of the workpiece at the tip of the hood 9. The sliding assist means may be a tire or a roller, or a brush-like or curtain-like member formed by a flexible member.

  It is preferable that the suction port 6 provided in the hood 9 is arranged so that the molten waste 60 generated by laser irradiation can be efficiently sucked. For example, a suction port may be arranged in the vicinity of the laser irradiation position. Further, the suction port 6 is arranged on the side in the anti-scanning direction with respect to the laser head 3 so that the molten waste 60 blown off in the anti-scanning direction by the second fluid supply port 37 can be efficiently sucked, and the anti-scanning is performed. You may comprise so that a stronger suction | attraction force may be provided to the direction side.

  The moving means 10 supports the laser head 3 provided with the fluid supply means and the hood 9 provided with the suction port 6 of the suction means, and moves them together. Thereby, the laser irradiation location, the fluid ejection location, and the melting dust suction point can be moved together.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of the configuration of the hood. As another configuration of the hood, the entire laser head 3 and the moving means 10 that supports the laser head 3 may be disposed so as to be covered. In the hood 9, a suction port 6 of suction means is provided on the side of the laser head 3 in the anti-scanning direction. The hood 9 can form a closed space that covers the entire end of the filling layer 150 in the longitudinal direction by bringing the tip of the hood 9 into close contact with the surface of the filling layer 150 (workpiece). In FIG. 3, since the hood 9 and the moving means 10 are independent, the moving means 10 that supports the laser head 3 can be moved inside the hood 9. As a result, the hood 9 installed as a simple chamber (processing chamber) remains fixed, and the laser irradiation point and the fluid injection point can be moved inside the hood 9.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing another example of the configuration of the suction means. As mentioned above, when there is a possibility of generating toxic gas, it is preferable to use a hood to close and seal the area around the laser irradiation area to ensure the safety of the operator. Or when there is little influence, it is good also as a structure which arrange | positions only a suction means, without providing a hood. The suction port 6 of the suction means is movably supported by the moving means 10 together with the laser head 3. Thereby, in the open space, the laser irradiation position, the fluid injection position, and the suction point move.

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the moving means. The moving means 10 includes a slide rail 90 attached to the roadbed concrete 100 so as to be substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the filling layer 150, and a slide unit 91 that moves on the slide rail 90. The slide rail 90 is preferably longer than the vertical length of the single track slab 110, whereby the single filling layer 150 can be continuously cut without reattaching the slide rail 90. The slide unit 91 may support at least the laser head 3 and may support the hood 9 together with the laser head 3. The slide unit 91 can travel on the slide rail 90 automatically or manually. The slide unit 91 may include a position adjustment mechanism that adjusts the position of the laser head 3 with respect to the filling layer 150. By the position adjusting mechanism, the irradiation distance between the filling layer and the laser head, the irradiation position in the height direction of the filling layer, the irradiation direction of the laser with respect to the filling layer, and the like can be appropriately adjusted. In the figure, the irradiation direction of the laser irradiated from the laser head 3 is perpendicular to the normal line of the surface of the filling layer, but is not limited to this configuration, and may be irradiated obliquely. For example, the optical axis of the laser may be inclined so as to have an angle in the scanning direction from the normal line of the filling layer surface.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of the moving means. The moving means 10 has a slide unit that supports the laser head 3 and moves on the slide rail 92 using the rail 140 fastened to the track slab 110 as the slide rail 92. For example, the slide unit may include a slide portion 93 that travels on the slide rail 92, a holding portion 94 that holds at least the laser head 3, and an arm portion 95 that connects the slide portion 93 and the holding portion 94. Good. The holding part 94 may hold the hood 9 and / or the suction port 6 together with the laser head 3. Such a slide unit may include a position adjustment mechanism that adjusts the position and orientation of the laser head 3 with respect to the filling layer 150. According to such a position adjusting mechanism, the irradiation distance in the irradiation direction between the filling layer and the laser head, the laser irradiation position in the height direction, and the laser irradiation direction with respect to the normal of the filling layer surface can be set as appropriate. . In FIG. 6, one of the pair of rails 140 is used as the slide rail 92, but the pair of rails 140 may be used as the slide rail 92 as in a railway vehicle. In this case, since the slide unit 93 can be loaded with a considerable amount of equipment like a railway vehicle, the laser unit of the laser irradiation device, the supply source of the fluid supply unit, and the suction unit of the suction unit are attached to the slide unit 93. It is also possible to load heavy and bulky parts such as a power source and a power source and move them simultaneously with the laser head. Also, depending on the material of the workpiece, the laser may be reflected back into the laser head 3 and damage the fiber 2. In this case, the laser is irradiated at a slight angle with respect to the normal of the workpiece surface. You may comprise.

  In addition, when a laser that is not visible light is employed, it is difficult for the operator to visually recognize the laser irradiation location. For example, an infrared marker may be provided on a slide unit or the like. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which can provide a camera and a monitor in a slide unit etc., and can specify an irradiation location with a cross-shaped reference line (crosshair cursor), for example.

[Example]
As an example of the laser irradiation apparatus of the present embodiment, the following design was performed, and the filling layer under the track slab was cut using this apparatus. A fiber laser was used as the laser oscillator 1, the laser output was set to 500 W, and the wavelength was set to 1080 nm. The first system of the fluid supply means ejects 0.5 Mpa of compressed air from the laser irradiation port (diameter 1.5 mm) at 20 liters / minute, and the second system scans the laser irradiation port with respect to the scanning direction. A fluid supply port (1.0 mm in diameter) at the tip of the nozzle was disposed on the side facing the anti-scanning direction, and 0.5 Mpa of compressed air was ejected from the fluid supply port at 20 liters / minute.

  The outline dimensions of the track slab are approximately 4300 mm in length, 2220 mm in width, and 160 mm in thickness, and the filling layer 150 formed in a substantially U-shape at the bottom is the width of the long part and the short part. The (depth in the installed state) is about 50 mm, and the thickness (height in the installed state) is 40 to 100 mm. The U-shaped filling layer 150 is entirely made of reinforced MMA resin using silica sand as an aggregate. The slide rail 90 was installed so as to be substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the filling layer 150, and the slide unit 91 was attached so as to be able to travel on the slide rail 90.

  The laser head 3 is focused on the center line (25 mm from the processing surface) of the width (50 mm) of the filling layer 150, and the height of the filling layer 150 is increased at a scanning speed of 40 mm / min as the slide unit 91 travels. The half was scanned along the filling layer 150 in the horizontal direction. The spot diameter at the focal point was set to 25 μm. In this example, one filling layer 150 (one side of one track slab) could be cut in about 108 minutes.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the bone-containing resin, which was difficult to cut with a conventional cutting blade, can be safely cut in a short time by laser irradiation. In addition, since the laser irradiation apparatus is configured to be transportable / movable, the filler layer made of the bone-containing resin can be cut and cut at the installation location. In addition, since the fluid supply means is provided in the laser head, the workpiece can be continuously cut while the molten debris generated from the irradiated portion is blown away by the fluid. Further, by blowing away the molten debris in a specific direction, the molten debris can be easily recovered using a simple suction means. Moreover, since the hood containing all or part of the laser head can be used as a simple chamber at the work site, there is little risk of exposing the worker to toxic reaction gas. Furthermore, since a quiet laser oscillator is used without using a cutting blade with physical contact with the work piece, the influence of noise on the surrounding environment is small even during night work.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Laser oscillator 2 Fiber 3 Laser head 4 1st system | strain 5 of fluid supply source means Supply hose 6 Suction port 7 Suction hose 8 Suction source 9 Hood 10 Moving means 30 Laser 60 Molten debris (including reaction gas and smoke)
110 Track slab 150 Filling layer

Claims (25)

A repair method for a slab type track in which a filling layer made of resin containing aggregate is provided at the bottom of the track slab,
Carrying a laser head, a fluid supply means and a suction means for irradiating the filling layer with a laser transmitted through a fiber to the installation place of the slab type track,
While the fluid is ejected from the first fluid supply port of the fluid supply means provided in the laser head to the filling layer, the filling layer is irradiated with the laser transmitted from the laser head through the fiber. While moving the laser head along the filling layer to scan the laser irradiation location and the fluid injection location to remove at least a portion of the filling layer,
A method for repairing a slab-type track, wherein, when removing at least a part of the filling layer, molten debris generated from the laser irradiation spot is sucked by the suction means.   The fluid supply means ejects the fluid from the laser irradiation port to a laser irradiation point of the filling layer using the laser irradiation port of the laser head as the first fluid supply port. The slab type track repair method according to 1.   The fluid supply means has a second fluid supply port, and supplies the fluid from the second fluid supply port in a counter-scanning direction opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head. The repair method of the slab type track | orbit of Claim 1 or 2 to do.   4. The suction port of the suction unit is provided on a side opposite to a scanning direction of the laser head opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head. 5. Repair method for slab track.   The method for repairing a slab track according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least the laser head is moved using a slide rail arranged substantially parallel to the filling layer.   The slab track repair method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least the laser head is moved using a track rail fastened on the track slab.   The slab type track according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a hood containing all or part of the laser head, wherein the hood is provided with a suction port of the suction means. Repair method.   The slab track repair method according to claim 7, wherein the hood is moved together with the laser head.   8. The method of repairing a slab track according to claim 7, wherein the hood is provided independently of the moving means, and the laser head is moved in the hood.   The front end of the hood is brought into contact with the slab type track to form a closed space, and at least a part of the filling layer is removed in the closed space. The slab type track repair method according to any one of the preceding claims.   The method for repairing a slab track according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a laser beam is irradiated from the laser head while focusing on the center of the width of the filling layer.   The method for repairing a slab track according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least a part of the filling layer is removed, and then a repair material is packed into the part. A device for cutting a filling layer made of a resin containing aggregate provided at a lower part of a track slab of a slab track,
A laser oscillator,
A fiber for transmitting a laser output from the laser oscillator;
A laser head for irradiating the filling layer with a laser transmitted through the fiber;
A part of which is provided in the laser head, and fluid supply means for ejecting fluid to the filling layer;
Suction means for sucking molten debris generated from the laser irradiation spot;
Moving means for moving the laser head to scan the laser irradiation spot and the fluid jetting spot, and
The laser head includes a condensing unit that condenses a laser transmitted through the fiber, a first fluid supply port of the fluid supply unit that ejects the fluid to an irradiation position of the laser, and the laser head. And a second fluid supply port of the fluid supply means for supplying the fluid in the opposite scanning direction opposite to the scanning direction. The laser head has a casing for storing the light collecting means,
The fluid supply means uses the laser irradiation port provided at the front end of the casing as a first fluid supply port, and jets the fluid from the laser irradiation port in a direct injection shape or a fan shape. Item 14. A laser irradiation apparatus according to Item 13.   The fluid supply means has the second fluid supply port on a scanning direction side of the laser head with respect to the laser head, and the laser irradiation location from the second fluid supply port The laser irradiation apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the fluid is supplied in a counter scanning direction opposite to a scanning direction of the laser head.   16. The suction port according to claim 13, wherein the suction port of the suction means is provided on the side opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head opposite to the scanning direction of the laser head. Laser irradiation device.   The moving means includes a slide rail disposed along the scanning direction, and a slide unit that supports the laser head and moves on the slide rail. The laser irradiation apparatus of Claim 1.   The laser irradiation according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the moving means includes a slide unit that supports the laser head and moves on a track rail fastened on the track slab. apparatus.   The said moving means has a means to adjust the irradiation distance of the said filling layer and the said laser head, the irradiation position in the height direction of the said filling layer, or the irradiation direction of the said laser with respect to the said filling layer, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. The laser irradiation apparatus according to any one of 13 to 18. A hood containing all or part of the laser head;
The laser irradiation apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the hood is provided with a suction port of the suction means.   The laser irradiation apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the hood is configured to be movable together with the laser head by the moving means. The hood is provided independently of the moving means,
The laser irradiation apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the moving means is configured to be able to move the laser head in the hood.   The laser irradiation apparatus according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the hood has sliding assist means at a tip.   The slab track repair method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the suction port of the suction means is configured to be movable together with the laser head by the moving means. A laser oscillator,
A fiber for transmitting a laser output from the laser oscillator;
A laser head for irradiating a workpiece with a laser transmitted through the fiber;
A part of which is provided in the laser head, and fluid supply means for ejecting fluid to the workpiece;
Suction means for sucking molten debris generated from the laser irradiation spot;
Moving means for moving the laser head to scan the laser irradiation spot and the fluid jetting spot, and
The laser head includes a condensing unit that condenses a laser transmitted through the fiber, a first fluid supply port of the fluid supply unit that ejects the fluid to an irradiation position of the laser, and the laser head. And a second fluid supply port of the fluid supply means for supplying the fluid in the opposite scanning direction opposite to the scanning direction.