CN111957338B - 一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 26
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 25
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910018062 Ni-M Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OBOSXEWFRARQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n,2-n-dimethylpyridine-2,5-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 OBOSXEWFRARQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylfurfural Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/399—Distribution of the active metal ingredient homogeneously throughout the support particle
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
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- C07D307/60—Two oxygen atoms, e.g. succinic anhydride
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Abstract
本发明属催化剂技术领域,具体涉及一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂及其制备方法。所述催化剂是以类水滑石杂化含N有机物为前驱体制备的,N掺杂C膜包覆的活性金属分散度高、Ni‑M双金属组成均一、二维纳米片状且同时具有一定数量大孔的Ni‑M‑Al2O3@CN催化剂,其中(Ni+M):Al的物质的量的比为0.5~8:1,Ni:M的物质的量的比为10:0.1~10,CN含量为1~7wt%。该催化剂在顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐反应中表现出优异的使用稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属催化剂技术领域,具体涉及一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
顺酐,可由煤焦化过程中的苯、石油化工中的丁烷、以及生物化工中的5-羟甲基糠醛或糠醛氧化制得。经顺酐分子中的C=C键选择加氢可合成丁二酸酐,后者在医药、农药、食品添加剂和石油化工等领域有广泛应用。尤为重要的是,随着全生物降解塑料——聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)产业的发展,丁二酸酐的市场需求也逐年增长。因此,以顺酐为原料经C=C键选择加氢合成丁二酸酐对于煤化工、石油化工以及生物化工交叉耦合以及替代发展具有重要的推动意义。
以顺酐为原料合成丁二酸酐所涉及的催化剂包括贵金属以及非贵金属催化剂,与贵金属催化剂相比,非贵金属催化剂具有较强的成本优势以及良好的工业应用前景。目前,已有的关于顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐的非贵金属催化剂多为镍基催化剂。美国专利US5952514、US5770744,以及我国专利ZL 201110123934.0、ZL 201210408485.9、CN 106632169 A、CN107597159 A均采用镍基催化剂实现了顺酐选择加氢制丁二酸酐。然而,由顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐是一强放热反应(反应热为128KJ/mol),这就使催化剂表面加氢位点局部温度过高,引发有机物在催化剂表面聚合结焦,降低催化剂活性。同时,在顺酐加氢制备丁二酸酐过程中,难以避免地,会有微量或少量顺酐/丁二酸酐发生过度加氢生成深度加氢产物——γ-丁内酯、四氢呋喃、丁酸、丙酸等,在这些副产物生成的同时会原位生成微量的水,水分子的存在会使载体部分发生水合,进而导致催化剂结构破坏和失活。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种使用寿命长、顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐高稳定性的催化剂及其制备方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用了下列技术方案:
一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂,所述催化剂是以类水滑石杂化含N有机物为前驱体制备的N掺杂C膜包覆的活性金属分散度高、Ni-M双金属组成均一、二维纳米片状且同时具有一定数量大孔的Ni-M-Al2O3@CN催化剂,其中(Ni+M):Al的物质的量的比为0.5~8:1,Ni:M的物质的量的比为10:0.1~10,CN含量为1~7wt%。本发明以类水滑石杂化的含氮有机物为前驱体,在类水滑石材料中,金属离子以原子级均匀分散于类水滑石的层板结构中,同时,利用类水滑石表面丰富的羟基,将含氮有机物杂化于类水滑石层板上,经惰性气氛处理后获得N掺杂、C包覆的,具有活性金属分散度高Ni-M双金属组成均一的催化剂,N掺杂、C包覆膜一方面对活性金属起到包覆、锚定的作用,另一方面可提供电子给活性金属,提高活性金属的加氢活性,所以在顺酐加氢反应中表现出高的使用稳定性以及高的加氢活性。
进一步,所述M为Cu、Ag、Au、Pd、Pt、Fe、Co、Ru、Rh、Ir、Y中的一种或两种按任意比混合的混合物。
一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,配制溶液A:按催化剂中Ni、M、Al的物质的量的比,配制金属总浓度为0.1~0.4mol/L的混合溶液;
步骤2,配制碱性沉淀剂B:配制浓度为溶液A中阴离子总浓度的2~3倍的尿素溶液;
步骤3,将溶液A与碱性沉淀剂B混合均匀后,加入物质的量为2~8倍于溶液中金属离子的物质的量的含N有机物,置于恒温水浴中搅拌,形成混合溶液;
步骤4,将步骤3的混合溶液移入水热釜密封后,置于100~220℃的烘箱中3~8h后取出样品,冷却后用去离子水洗涤,所得的样品在惰性气氛下焙烧,然后在还原气氛下还原,得到所述催化剂。
进一步,所述步骤1中溶液A中的M为可溶性盐的一种;所述溶液A中的Ni为可溶性镍盐;所述溶液A中的Al为可溶性铝盐。
更进一步,所述溶液A中的M为硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氯盐中的一种;所述溶液A中的Ni为硝酸镍、硫酸镍、氯化镍中的一种;所述溶液A中的Al为硝酸铝、硫酸铝、氯化铝中的一种。
进一步,所述步骤3中含N有机物为三聚氰胺、苯胺、苄胺、-萘胺、对硝基苯胺、乙烯亚胺中的一种或两种按任意比混合的混合物。
进一步,所述步骤3中恒温水浴的温度为40~80℃,搅拌的时间为10min~10h。
进一步,所述步骤4中洗涤的次数为3~5次。
进一步,所述步骤4中所述惰性气氛为氮气、氩气、氦气中的一种或两种,其空速在30~3000h-1;所述还原气氛是指氢气、氢气-氮气混合气或一氧化碳气中的一种,其空速在500~3000h-1。
进一步,所述步骤4中焙烧的温度为500~750℃,时间为3~8h;所述还原的温度为300~600℃,时间为3~6h。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点:
本发明的催化剂是以类水滑石杂化的含氮有机物为前驱体,在类水滑石材料中,金属离子以原子级均匀分散于类水滑石的层板结构中,同时,利用类水滑石表面丰富的羟基,将含氮有机物杂化于类水滑石层板上,经惰性气氛处理后获得N掺杂、C包覆的,具有活性金属分散度高Ni-M双金属组成均一的催化剂,在顺酐加氢反应中表现出高的使用稳定性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置溶液A:配制硝酸镍浓度为0.1mol/L、硝酸铜浓度为0.1mol/L、硝酸铝浓度为0.1mol/L的混合溶液A;
(2)配置碱性沉淀剂B:配置浓度为1.4mol/L的尿素溶液;
(3)将溶液A与碱性沉淀剂B混合均匀后,加入2倍于溶液中金属离子物质的量的三聚氰胺,后置于60℃的恒温水浴中搅拌3h,形成混合溶液;
(4)将步骤(3)的混合溶液移入水热釜密封后,置于110℃的烘箱中反应3h后取出样品,冷却后用去离子水洗涤3次,将所得样品在空速为30h-1的氮气气氛下,于500℃焙烧3h后,在空速为500h-1的氢气气氛下于550℃还原3h,得到催化剂A,该催化剂中CN含量为1.2±0.2wt%。
实施例2
一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置溶液A:配制硝酸镍浓度为0.2mol/L、硝酸铁浓度为0.02mol/L、硝酸铝浓度为0.05mol/L的混合溶液A;
(2)配置碱性沉淀剂B:配置浓度为1.8mol/L的尿素溶液;
(3)将溶液A与碱性沉淀剂B混合均匀后,加入3倍于溶液中金属离子物质的量的对硝基苯胺,后置于80℃的恒温水浴中反应10h,形成混合溶液;
(4)将步骤(3)的混合溶液移入水热釜密封后,置于200℃的烘箱中反应8h后取出样品,冷却后用去离子水洗涤5次,将所得样品在空速为3000h-1的氮气气氛下,于600℃焙烧8h,后在空速为1500h-1的氢气气氛下于600℃还原5h,得到催化剂B,该催化剂中CN含量为7±0.2wt%。
实施例3
一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置溶液A:配制硝酸镍浓度为0.3mol/L、硝酸钴浓度为0.003mol/L、硝酸铝浓度为0.0379mol/L的混合溶液A;
(2)配置碱性沉淀剂B:配置浓度为2.1mol/L的尿素溶液;
(3)将溶液A与碱性沉淀剂B混合均匀后,加入8倍于溶液中金属离子物质的量的苯胺,后置于40℃的恒温水浴中反应10min,形成混合溶液;
(4)将步骤(3)的混合溶液移入水热釜密封后,置于150℃的烘箱中反应6h后取出样品,冷却后用去离子水洗涤4次,将所得样品在空速为1000h-1的氮气气氛下,于750℃焙烧5h,后在空速为3000h-1的氢气气氛下于300℃还原3h,得到催化剂C,该催化剂中CN含量为2±0.2wt%。。
实施例4
一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置溶液A:配制硫酸镍浓度为0.05mol/L、氯化钌浓度为0.05mol/L、硝酸铝浓度为0.2mol/L的混合溶液A;
(2)配置碱性沉淀剂B:配置浓度为2.0mol/L的尿素溶液;
(3)将溶液A与碱性沉淀剂B混合均匀后,加入6倍于溶液中金属离子物质的量的乙烯亚胺,后置于80℃的恒温水浴中反应5h,形成混合溶液;
(4)将步骤(3)的混合溶液移入水热釜密封后,置于160℃的烘箱中反应4h后取出样品,冷却后用去离子水洗涤4次,将所得样品在空速为500h-1的氮气气氛下,于500℃焙烧5h,后在空速为800h-1的氢气气氛下于400℃还原4h,得到催化剂D,该催化剂中CN含量为5±0.2wt%。
实施例5
一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)配置溶液A:配制氯化镍浓度为0.1mol/L、氯化钇浓度为0.05mol/L、氯化铝浓度为0.05mol/L的混合溶液A;
(2)配置碱性沉淀剂B:配置浓度为1.5mol/L的尿素溶液B;
(3)将溶液A与碱性沉淀剂B混合均匀后,加入4倍于溶液中金属离子物质的量的苄胺,后置于80℃的恒温水浴中反应6h,形成混合溶液;
(4)将步骤(3)的混合溶液移入水热釜密封后,置于140℃的烘箱中反应6h后取出,冷却后用去离子水洗涤5次,将所得样品在空速为2000h-1的氮气气氛下,于550℃焙烧4h,后在空速为600h-1的氢气气氛下于300℃还原6h,得到催化剂E,该催化剂中CN含量为4±0.2wt%。
将催化剂A、B、C、D、E在高压釜反应器中循环使用,测试催化剂的性能,如附表1所示:
附表1催化剂在高压釜反应器中循环使用稳定性
备注:催化剂评价时,所采用的反应溶液是质量分数为15wt%的顺酐的四氢呋喃溶液。
Claims (7)
1.一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂是以类水滑石杂化含N有机物为前驱体制备的N掺杂C膜包覆的活性金属分散度高、Ni-M双金属组成均一、二维纳米片状且同时具有大孔的Ni-M-Al2O3@CN催化剂,其中(Ni+M):Al的物质的量的比为0.5~8:1,Ni:M的物质的量的比为10:0.1~10,CN含量为1~7 wt%,所述M为Cu、Ag、Au、Pd、Pt、Fe、Co、Ru、Rh、Ir、Y中的一种或两种按任意比混合的混合物;
所述催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,配制溶液A:按催化剂中Ni、M、Al的物质的量的比,配制金属总浓度为0.1~0.4mol/L的混合溶液,所述溶液A中的M为可溶性盐的一种;所述溶液A中的Ni为可溶性镍盐;所述溶液A中的Al为可溶性铝盐;
步骤2,配制碱性沉淀剂B:配制浓度为溶液A中阴离子总浓度的2~3倍的尿素溶液;
步骤3,将溶液A与碱性沉淀剂B混合均匀后,加入物质的量为2~8倍于溶液中金属离子的物质的量的含N有机物,置于恒温水浴中搅拌,形成混合溶液;
步骤4,将步骤3的混合溶液移入水热釜密封后,置于100~220℃的烘箱中3~8 h后取出样品,冷却后用去离子水洗涤,所得的样品在惰性气氛下焙烧,然后在还原气氛下还原,得到所述催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂,其特征在于,所述溶液A中的M为硝酸盐、硫酸盐、氯盐中的一种;所述溶液A中的Ni为硝酸镍、硫酸镍、氯化镍中的一种;所述溶液A中的Al为硝酸铝、硫酸铝、氯化铝中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂,其特征在于,所述步骤3中含N有机物为三聚氰胺、苯胺、苄胺、萘胺、对硝基苯胺、乙烯亚胺中的一种或两种按任意比混合的混合物。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂,其特征在于,所述步骤3中恒温水浴的温度为40~80℃,搅拌的时间为10min~10h。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂,其特征在于,所述步骤4中洗涤的次数为3~5次。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂,其特征在于,所述步骤4中所述惰性气氛为氮气、氩气、氦气中的一种或两种,其空速在30~3000 h-1;所述还原气氛是指氢气、氢气-氮气混合气或一氧化碳气中的一种,其空速在500~3000 h-1。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种高稳定性顺酐加氢制丁二酸酐催化剂,其特征在于,所述步骤4中焙烧的温度为500~750℃,时间为3~8 h;所述还原的温度为300~600℃,时间为3~6h。
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