CN111955295A - Rape cultivation method for covering and direct seeding of straw pulp - Google Patents
Rape cultivation method for covering and direct seeding of straw pulp Download PDFInfo
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- CN111955295A CN111955295A CN202010800857.7A CN202010800857A CN111955295A CN 111955295 A CN111955295 A CN 111955295A CN 202010800857 A CN202010800857 A CN 202010800857A CN 111955295 A CN111955295 A CN 111955295A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rape cultivation method for directly sowing by covering straw pulp, which comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation and sowing; (2) base fertilizer application; (3) covering with straw pulp; (4) irrigating and topdressing; (5) disease control; (6) harvesting and no-tillage. The rape cultivation method adopts the direct seeding of rape seeds to replace the seedling transplanting, simplifies the planting process, saves a large amount of labor, ensures the sufficiency of nutrients and water by providing corresponding water and fertilizer in each growth stage of the rape in the planting process, has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, suitability for mechanized operation and the like, has the light and simplified planting characteristics, is more favorable for the busy farming season application of labor resource shortage, and simultaneously provides technical support for the scientific planting of the rape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rape planting, and particularly relates to a rape farming method for direct seeding by covering straw pulp.
Background
Rape, Brassicaceae, Brassica, has dark green stem, and yellow flower, and is similar to Chinese cabbage, and belongs to Brassicaceae cabbage variety. Agronomically, the oil-bearing species of seeds in plants are collectively referred to as oilseed rape. At present, the main cultivation types of rape are cabbage type rape (Brassica rapa (campestis) L.), mustard type rape (Brassicajuncea L.), and cabbage type rape (Brassica napus L.), which are main sources of edible vegetable oil and fat for human beings.
In the prior art, the season contradiction of rape planting is more prominent, in order to relieve the stubble linking problem, seedling transplantation is mostly adopted in the traditional rape planting mode, but in recent years, due to shortage of labor resources and rising of planting cost, the rape planting benefit is lower, meanwhile, due to lower temperature of the rape during sowing, the problems that the soil moisture is generally insufficient and the ground temperature is lower in the time period, the rape sowing, seedling emergence and seedling growth are seriously influenced, the problems that the seedling emergence is irregular, the seedling shortage is serious, the vegetative growth is insufficient, the seedling growth potential is poor and the like are prominent, the yield and the output value of commercial rapeseeds are reduced, and therefore, the seedling transplantation mode is urgently needed to be changed into a direct seeding cultivation mode, but related planting methods and researches are fewer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides a cultivation method of rape by directly sowing grass pulp in a covering manner.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a cultivation method of rape for directly sowing by straw pulp coverage comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and seeding: leveling the soil when the soil is thawed to 20cm in spring, keeping the soil in a state of fine land and ready for sowing, uniformly mixing rape seeds, urea and diammonium phosphate, and then drilling;
(2) base fertilizer application: 3000kg of organic decomposed fertilizer 2000-one per mu of soil is applied, and 13-17kg of diammonium phosphate, 5-10kg of potassium sulfate and 1-2kg of boric fertilizer are applied simultaneously;
(3) straw pulp covering: after the base fertilizer is applied, mixing straw pulp and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 9, after mixing, spraying the mixture on the surface of soil until the mixture is dried to form a film layer;
(4) irrigation and top application: when the rape grows to the bolting stage, 2-3kg of urea is applied to each mu of land in a matched manner, 2-3kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of land in a matched manner in the full-bloom stage, and 0.1-0.2kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu of land in a matched manner in the silique stage;
(5) disease control: removing residual leaves and weeds in the field in time during planting, and immediately spraying corresponding medicines for preventing and treating when pests start to move and do not lay eggs;
(6) harvesting and no-tillage: when the rape pod appears yellow and a small part of the branched pod is green, the rape pod can be harvested, and the stubble is left on the surface between ridges.
Preferably, the dosages of the rape seeds, the urea and the diammonium phosphate in the step 1 are 0.35-0.45kg, 2.4-2.6kg and 2.4-2.6kg respectively per mu of land.
Further, the row spacing is controlled to be 20-30cm and the depth is controlled to be 3-4cm during the drilling in the step 1.
Further, the straw pulp in the step 3 is obtained by drying the corn straws, crushing the dried corn straws, sieving the crushed corn straws with a sieve of 120-fold and 150-mesh, and mixing the crushed corn straws with the agricultural chemical reagent thickening agent and the water-retaining agent.
Further, the dosage of the Chinese herbal medicine pulp in the step 3 is controlled to be 200-250g per square meter when the Chinese herbal medicine pulp is mixed with water and sprayed.
Further, controlling the water content of the soil to be not lower than 70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil during watering in the step 4.
Furthermore, in the step 4, 2-4kg of borax water solution with the concentration of 0.2% per mu can be sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the bolting period and the full-bloom period.
Further, the medicine in the step 5 is sprayed from outside to inside from the edge of the planting field when sprayed, and the adult insects are prevented from escaping and then released.
The invention has the advantages that:
the rape cultivation method of the invention adopts the direct seeding of rape seeds to replace the planting mode of seedling transplantation, simplifies the planting process, saves a large amount of labor, utilizes cheap corn straws to combine with agrochemical reagents to prepare straw pulp after the application of soil base fertilizer, and can form a uniform biomass film layer on the soil surface after being mixed with water, on one hand, because the corn straw particles have the physical barrier function, the film can block the water vapor from diffusing to the outside through the soil-air interface after forming the film, reduces the water vapor loss of the soil, ensures the good water conservancy condition of the soil, is beneficial to promoting the accumulation of rape dry matters, on the other hand, after absorbing a certain amount of heat on the soil surface, the heat loss rate to the atmosphere can be blocked, the soil cooling time is delayed, the soil temperature difference is reduced, the water and heat retention effect brought by the method also brings a good growth environment for the direct seeding of rape seeds in, is favorable for the growth of strong seedlings.
In the planting process, corresponding water and fertilizer are supplied at each growth stage of the rape, so that sufficient nutrients and moisture are ensured, the stubble of the rape is remained between ridges after the rape is harvested, the stubble is covered on the soil surface, the water erosion and wind erosion effects can be reduced, the soil environment for subsequent planting is protected, and the purpose of no-tillage is realized.
The rape farming planting method has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, suitability for mechanized operation and the like, has the light and simplified planting characteristic, is more favorable for the busy farming season application of labor resource shortage, and simultaneously provides technical support for the scientific planting of the rape.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the specific examples as follows:
example 1
A cultivation method of rape for directly sowing by straw pulp coverage comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and seeding: leveling the land when the soil is thawed to 20cm in spring, keeping the soil in a state of fine land and ready for sowing, uniformly mixing 0.35kg, 2.4kg and 2.6kg of rape seeds, urea and diammonium phosphate per mu of land, and then drilling, wherein the row spacing is controlled to be 20cm and the depth is controlled to be 3cm during drilling;
(2) base fertilizer application: 2000kg of organic decomposed fertilizer is applied to each mu of soil, and 13kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of potassium sulfate and 1kg of boric fertilizer are applied in a matching manner at the same time;
(3) straw pulp covering: the method comprises the following steps of drying corn straws, crushing the corn straws, sieving the corn straws with a 120-mesh sieve, mixing the corn straws with an agricultural chemical reagent thickening agent and a water-retaining agent to obtain straw pulp, and after a base fertilizer is applied, mixing the straw pulp with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 9 after mixing, spraying the mixture on the surface of soil by 200g per square meter until the mixture is dried to form a film layer;
(4) irrigation and top application: when the rape grows to the bolting period, 3kg of urea is applied to each mu of rape in a matched manner, 3kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of rape in a matched manner in the full-bloom period, 0.2% borax water solution is additionally sprayed to each mu of leaf surface according to 4kg of leaves in the bolting period and the full-bloom period, 0.2kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu of rape in a matched manner in the silique period, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be not lower than 70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil in each watering period;
(5) disease control: removing residual leaves and weeds in the field in time during planting, immediately spraying corresponding medicines for prevention and control when pests start to move and do not lay eggs, spraying from outside to inside from the edge of a planting field during spraying, and preventing and controlling adults from escaping and then emitting again;
(6) harvesting and no-tillage: when the rape pod appears yellow and a small part of the branched pod is green, the rape pod can be harvested, and the stubble is left on the surface between ridges.
Example 2
A cultivation method of rape for directly sowing by straw pulp coverage comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and seeding: leveling the land when the soil is thawed to 20cm in spring, enabling the soil to be in a state of fine land and ready for sowing, uniformly mixing 0.45kg, 2.6kg and 2.4kg of rape seeds, urea and diammonium phosphate per mu of land, and then drilling, wherein the row spacing is controlled to be 30cm and the depth is 4cm during drilling;
(2) base fertilizer application: 3000kg of organic decomposed fertilizer is applied to each mu of soil, and 17kg of diammonium phosphate, 10kg of potassium sulfate and 2kg of boric fertilizer are applied in a matching manner at the same time;
(3) straw pulp covering: the method comprises the following steps of drying corn straws, crushing the corn straws, sieving the corn straws with a 150-mesh sieve, mixing the corn straws with an agricultural chemical reagent thickening agent and a water-retaining agent to obtain straw pulp, and after a base fertilizer is applied, mixing the straw pulp with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 9 after mixing, spraying 250g of the mixture on the surface of soil per square meter until the mixture is dried to form a film layer;
(4) irrigation and top application: when the rape grows to the bolting period, 2kg of urea is applied to each mu of rape in a matched manner, 2kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of rape in a matched manner in the full-bloom period, 2kg of borax water solution with the concentration of 0.2 percent is additionally sprayed to each mu of leaf surface according to 2kg of rape leaf surface in the bolting period and the full-bloom period, 0.1kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu of rape in a matched manner in the silique period, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be not less than 70 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil in each;
(5) disease control: removing residual leaves and weeds in the field in time during planting, immediately spraying corresponding medicines for prevention and control when pests start to move and do not lay eggs, spraying from outside to inside from the edge of a planting field during spraying, and preventing and controlling adults from escaping and then emitting again;
(6) harvesting and no-tillage: when the rape pod appears yellow and a small part of the branched pod is green, the rape pod can be harvested, and the stubble is left on the surface between ridges.
Example 3
A cultivation method of rape for directly sowing by straw pulp coverage comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and seeding: leveling the land when the soil is thawed to 20cm in spring, enabling the soil to be in a state of fine land and ready for sowing, uniformly mixing 0.4kg, 2.5kg and 2.5kg of rape seeds, urea and diammonium phosphate per mu of land, and then carrying out drill sowing, wherein the row spacing is controlled to be 25cm and the depth is controlled to be 3cm during drill sowing;
(2) base fertilizer application: applying 2500kg of organic decomposed fertilizer to each mu of soil, and simultaneously applying 15kg of diammonium phosphate, 8kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of boric fertilizer;
(3) straw pulp covering: the method comprises the following steps of drying corn straws, crushing the corn straws, sieving the corn straws with a 140-mesh sieve, mixing the corn straws with an agricultural chemical reagent thickening agent and a water-retaining agent to obtain straw pulp, and after a base fertilizer is applied, mixing the straw pulp with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 9 after mixing, spraying 225g per square meter on the soil surface until the soil surface is dried to form a film layer;
(4) irrigation and top application: when the rape grows to the bolting period, 2kg of urea is applied to each mu of rape in a matched manner, 3kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of rape in a matched manner in the full-bloom period, 0.2% borax water solution is additionally sprayed to each mu of rape according to 3kg of leaf surface in the bolting period and the full-bloom period, 0.1kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu of rape in a matched manner in the silique period, and the water content of the soil is controlled to be not lower than 70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil in each watering period;
(5) disease control: removing residual leaves and weeds in the field in time during planting, immediately spraying corresponding medicines for prevention and control when pests start to move and do not lay eggs, spraying from outside to inside from the edge of a planting field during spraying, and preventing and controlling adults from escaping and then emitting again;
(6) harvesting and no-tillage: when the rape pod appears yellow and a small part of the branched pod is green, the rape pod can be harvested, and the stubble is left on the surface between ridges.
Yield analysis:
yield results for the rape farming method of examples 1, 2, 3The statistical result shows that the yield of the example 1 reaches 2837.4kg/hm2Example 2 yield reached 2951.7kg/hm2Example 3 yield reached 3015.9kg/hm2Compared with the conventional planting yield of 2200-2400kg/hm2The method has great promotion, and meanwhile, the direct seeding planting method helps to reduce labor cost, so that the method has good popularization and use values.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rape cultivation method for directly sowing by covering straw pulp is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation and seeding: leveling the soil when the soil is thawed to 20cm in spring, keeping the soil in a state of fine land and ready for sowing, uniformly mixing rape seeds, urea and diammonium phosphate, and then drilling;
(2) base fertilizer application: 3000kg of organic decomposed fertilizer 2000-one per mu of soil is applied, and 13-17kg of diammonium phosphate, 5-10kg of potassium sulfate and 1-2kg of boric fertilizer are applied simultaneously;
(3) straw pulp covering: after the base fertilizer is applied, mixing straw pulp and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 9, after mixing, spraying the mixture on the surface of soil until the mixture is dried to form a film layer;
(4) irrigation and top application: when the rape grows to the bolting stage, 2-3kg of urea is applied to each mu of land in a matched manner, 2-3kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of land in a matched manner in the full-bloom stage, and 0.1-0.2kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied to each mu of land in a matched manner in the silique stage;
(5) disease control: removing residual leaves and weeds in the field in time during planting, and immediately spraying corresponding medicines for preventing and treating when pests start to move and do not lay eggs;
(6) harvesting and no-tillage: when the rape pod appears yellow and a small part of the branched pod is green, the rape pod can be harvested, and the stubble is left on the surface between ridges.
2. The method for cultivating rape with direct sowing of straw pulp coverage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dosages of the rape seeds, urea and diammonium phosphate in step 1 are 0.35-0.45kg, 2.4-2.6kg and 2.4-2.6kg respectively per mu.
3. The method for cultivating rape with straw pulp covering direct seeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing is controlled to be 20-30cm and the depth is controlled to be 3-4cm during the seeding in step 1.
4. The method for cultivating rape by directly sowing straw pulp in a covering manner according to claim 1, wherein the straw pulp in the step 3 is obtained by drying corn straws, crushing the dried corn straws, sieving the crushed corn straws with a 120-mesh sieve and a 150-mesh sieve, and mixing the crushed corn straws with an agrochemical reagent thickening agent and a water-retaining agent.
5. The cultivation method of rape with straw pulp covering direct seeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dosage of the straw pulp in step 3 is controlled to be 200 and 250g per square meter when the straw pulp is mixed with water and sprayed.
6. The method for cultivating rape covered by straw pulp and directly sowed on seeds in claim 1, wherein the water content of the soil is controlled to be not less than 70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil when the water is watered in the step 4.
7. The method for cultivating rape with straw pulp covering and direct seeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein 0.2% borax water solution is further sprayed on leaf surfaces of 2-4kg per acre in the bolting period and full-bloom period in the step 4.
8. The cultivation method of rape with straw pulp covering direct seeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medicine is sprayed from outside to inside of the edge of the planting field in step 5, and the adult insects are prevented from escaping and then released.
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| CN202010800857.7A CN111955295A (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2020-08-11 | Rape cultivation method for covering and direct seeding of straw pulp |
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| CN202010800857.7A CN111955295A (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2020-08-11 | Rape cultivation method for covering and direct seeding of straw pulp |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105993544A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-12 | 合肥原印农业科技有限公司 | Double-cropping-rice-area oilseed-rape no-tillage and direct seeding cultivation method |
| CN106416645A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-22 | 汉中市农业技术推广中心 | Rice-stubble oilseed-rape no-tillage direct seeding technology |
| CN108617426A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-09 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of production method of the live streaming winter rape of suitable mechanized harvesting |
-
2020
- 2020-08-11 CN CN202010800857.7A patent/CN111955295A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106416645A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-22 | 汉中市农业技术推广中心 | Rice-stubble oilseed-rape no-tillage direct seeding technology |
| CN105993544A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-12 | 合肥原印农业科技有限公司 | Double-cropping-rice-area oilseed-rape no-tillage and direct seeding cultivation method |
| CN108617426A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-09 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of production method of the live streaming winter rape of suitable mechanized harvesting |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 余成群等: "《西藏高寒退化草地草浆地膜覆盖的保水作用研究》", 《草业学报》 * |
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