CN111937672A - Agaric cultivation method - Google Patents
Agaric cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111937672A CN111937672A CN202010756008.6A CN202010756008A CN111937672A CN 111937672 A CN111937672 A CN 111937672A CN 202010756008 A CN202010756008 A CN 202010756008A CN 111937672 A CN111937672 A CN 111937672A
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- cultivation
- auricularia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible and medicinal fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to an edible fungus cultivation method, which comprises the following operation steps: (1) preparing a cultivation material, (2) bagging and sterilizing, (3) inoculating and culturing, (4) cutting and hanging a bag, (5) ear outlet management, and (6) picking management. The invention can recycle the ginkgo leaf dregs and ginseng dregs, reduce the environmental pollution, and simultaneously, the dregs contain a large amount of nutrient components suitable for the growth of edible fungi. The hanging bag can reduce the pollution of edible fungus and increase the yield of edible fungus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible and medicinal fungus cultivation, in particular to an edible fungus cultivation method.
Background
The edible fungus is one of famous edible fungi in China, and the edible fungus colloid has huge adsorption capacity and can play a role in gastric lavage. Therefore, the food is also a health food for workers in mines, metallurgy, textile, haircut and the like. Auricularia has effects of invigorating qi, strengthening body constitution, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain, and can be used for treating cold and dampness waist and leg pain, hematochezia, hemorrhoid hemorrhage, metrorrhagia, regurgitation, excessive phlegm, puerperal asthenia, metrorrhagia, bloody flux, leukorrhagia, and toxic poisoning.
Auricularia is a semi-open type cultivation, and is easily polluted by other bacteria. The reason is that the resistance of the trichoderma viride and trichoderma koningii to trichoderma is poor, once the trichoderma koningii is infected by the trichoderma, the trichoderma koningii can spread rapidly, the trichoderma koningii can grow full of culture materials within a few days, and the damage is serious particularly under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, so that the key point of the substitute culture of the agaric is to solve the problem of the damage of the trichoderma koningii. Meanwhile, most of the prior published patents are raised on the ground, and the cultivation materials are mainly wood chips. For example, the patent application of CN106171521A discloses a rose black fungus cultivation material and a cultivation method, and the patent application of CN107188655A discloses a black fungus cultivation material and a cultivation method of waste grape branches. When the agaric grows out of the ground, the agaric is easily polluted by other fungi due to poor management, and the yield of the agaric is reduced. The cost of the agaric cultivation material influences the yield of agaric, the cost of the cultivation material is reduced, and the low-price material which can be replaced is necessary to be searched.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of high cultivation material cost, slow hypha growth, low yield and the like in the existing edible fungus cultivation technology, the invention aims to provide a labor-saving, green, rapid and high-benefit edible fungus cultivation method. The method uses low-price material to replace sawdust in traditional cultivation material, and the bag-hanging type can reduce the infection of fungus and increase the yield of Auricularia.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is mainly provided:
an edible fungus cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material: the cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of ginkgo leaf decoction dregs, 10-20 parts of ginseng decoction dregs, 15-25 parts of bamboo waste, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-2 parts of gypsum and 0.5-2 parts of sugar, and adding water for stirring;
(2) bagging and sterilizing: placing the cultivation material into a cylindrical plastic bag, sterilizing at normal pressure, and cooling to 25-30 deg.C;
(3) inoculating and culturing: transferring the sterilized cultivation material bag into an inoculation chamber for inoculation, and inoculating liquid edible fungus strains cultured according to a conventional method into a bag head of the material bag; after inoculation, the cultivation material bag is moved into a cultivation room;
(4) cutting a hanging bag: after culturing until hypha grows over the cultivation material bags, cutting openings on the fungus bags, and scattering the cultivation material bags to hang the bags;
(5) and (3) ear emergence management: the relative air humidity of the cultivation environment is kept above 85% within 7 days of cutting the opening; within 7-12 days, starting to generate earbuds, spraying water every 2-3 days, and keeping the humidity at 85-90% until the agaric is mature; the temperature is kept between 18 and 22 ℃ during the ear emergence period;
(6) picking management: when the leaves of Auricularia are fully unfolded, the edges of the Auricularia are slightly curled outward and are wavy, and then the Auricularia can be picked.
Preferably, the bamboo waste in the step (1) is prepared by grinding the massive bamboo waste into powder, stacking and fermenting.
Preferably, the moisture content of the cultivation material in the step (1) is 50-60%.
Preferably, the normal pressure sterilization method in the step (2) is sterilization for 23-26h, the temperature is reduced to 26-28 ℃ and maintained for 23-26h, and then steam sterilization is carried out for more than 24 h.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature of the culture room is 24-30 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 60-70%; the culture time is 35-45 days.
Preferably, the cultivation material bags in the cultivation room in the step (3) are placed in a # -shaped mode, and are turned and piled once in 7 days.
Preferably, the cutting openings in the step (4) are straight-line-shaped openings, the cutting openings are transversely cut, and the distance between every two adjacent openings is 4-5 cm.
Preferably, the cultivation material bags are kept at intervals of 15-25cm when the bags are hung in the step (4).
Preferably, the spraying is carried out 1-2 times a day within 7 days after the incision in the step (5), and after 7 days, the ear bud is sprayed with water until the ear drops.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the edible fungus cultivation material adopted by the invention, the ginkgo leaf decoction dregs and the ginseng decoction dregs contain a large amount of nutrient components suitable for the growth of edible fungi, the fiber void ratio is high, the hypha can grow easily, the weight is light, the edible fungus cultivation material is a high-quality organic substrate, and compared with common substrates such as wheat straws, corncobs, bran, straws and wood chips, the cultivated edible fungi grow fast, have good quality and high yield. Meanwhile, the traditional treatment method of the traditional Chinese medicine residues is mainly stacking, burning or burying, which not only pollutes the environment, but also causes huge resource waste. The Chinese medicine residue is used as cultivation material, waste is recycled, and environmental pollution is reduced. The price of the bamboo waste is cheaper than that of the miscellaneous wood chips, so that the production cost of the agaric is reduced; the edible fungus is hung after inoculation, so that the contact with mixed bacteria can be reduced, the pollution of the edible fungus by the mixed bacteria is reduced, and the yield is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The materials used in the following examples are all commercially available from conventional sources.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a cultivation material: weighing 45 parts of ginkgo leaf decoction dregs, 20 parts of ginseng decoction dregs, 25 parts of bamboo waste, 10 parts of wheat bran, 0.5 part of gypsum and 0.5 part of sugar, and adding water for stirring; the water content of the cultivation material is 50%. Wherein the bamboo waste is prepared by grinding the massive bamboo waste into powder, piling and fermenting.
(2) Bagging and sterilizing: placing the cultivation material into cylindrical plastic bag, sterilizing with boiler under normal pressure for 23 hr, maintaining at 26 deg.C for 23 hr, and steam sterilizing for more than 24 hr. After sterilization, the mixture was cooled to 25 ℃.
(3) Inoculating and culturing: transferring the sterilized cultivation material bag into an inoculation chamber for inoculation, and inoculating liquid edible fungus strains cultured according to a conventional method into a bag head of the material bag; after inoculation, the material bag is moved into a culture room; the temperature of the culture chamber was 24 ℃ and the relative humidity of the air was 60%. The culture time after inoculation was 35 days. The fungus bags in the cultivation room are arranged in a # -shaped mode, and turned and piled once in 7 days.
(4) Cutting a hanging bag: after culturing until the cultivation material bag is full of mycelia, cutting a straight-line-shaped opening on the cultivation material bag, wherein the distance between every two adjacent openings is 4 cm. The cultivation material bags are scattered and hung on the branches of the fruit trees or hung in a shed, and the intervals of the cultivation material bags are 15 cm.
(5) And (3) ear emergence management: spraying for 1 time every day within 7 days of cutting, and keeping the relative humidity of air under the fruit trees and in the shed above 85%; within 7-12 days, ear buds begin to generate, water is sprayed every 2 days, and the ear buds are sprayed until the ear drops. And keeping the relative humidity of air at 85% until the agaric is mature.
(6) Picking management: when the leaves of Auricularia are fully unfolded, the edges of the Auricularia are slightly curled outward and are wavy, and then the Auricularia can be picked.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a cultivation material: weighing 55 parts of ginkgo leaf decoction dregs, 10 parts of ginseng decoction dregs, 15 parts of bamboo waste, 15 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of gypsum and 2 parts of sugar, and adding water for stirring; the water content of the cultivation material is 55%.
(2) Bagging and sterilizing: placing the cultivation material into cylindrical plastic bag, sterilizing with boiler under normal pressure for 26h, maintaining at 27 deg.C for 26h, and steam sterilizing for more than 24 h. After sterilization, the mixture was cooled to 30 ℃.
(3) Inoculating and culturing: transferring the sterilized cultivation material bag into an inoculation chamber for inoculation, and inoculating liquid edible fungus strains cultured according to a conventional method into a bag head of the material bag; after inoculation, the material bag is moved into a culture room; the temperature of the culture chamber was 30 ℃ and the relative humidity of the air was 70%. The culture time after inoculation was 45 days. The fungus bags in the cultivation room are arranged in a # -shaped mode, and turned and piled once in 7 days.
(4) Cutting a hanging bag: after culturing until the cultivation material bag is full of mycelia, cutting a straight-line-shaped opening on the cultivation material bag, wherein the distance between adjacent openings is 5 cm. The cultivation material bags are scattered and hung on the branches of the fruit trees or hung in a shed, and the spacing between the cultivation material bags is 25 cm.
(5) And (3) ear emergence management: spraying for 2 times every day within 7 days of cutting, and keeping the relative humidity of air under the fruit trees and in the shed to be more than 85%; within 7-12 days, ear buds begin to generate, water is sprayed every 3 days, and the ear buds are sprayed until the ear drops. And keeping the relative humidity of air at 90% until the agaric is mature.
(6) Picking management: when the leaves of Auricularia are fully unfolded, the edges of the Auricularia are slightly curled outward and are wavy, and then the Auricularia can be picked.
Example 3
(1) Preparing a cultivation material: weighing 50 parts of ginkgo leaf decoction dregs, 15 parts of ginseng decoction dregs, 20 parts of bamboo waste, 13 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of sugar, and adding water to mix; the water content of the cultivation material is 60%.
(2) Bagging and sterilizing: placing the cultivation material into cylindrical plastic bag, sterilizing with boiler under normal pressure for 24 hr, maintaining at 28 deg.C for 24 hr, and steam sterilizing for over 24 hr. After sterilization, it was cooled to 28 ℃.
(3) Inoculating and culturing: transferring the sterilized cultivation material bag into an inoculation chamber for inoculation, and inoculating liquid edible fungus strains cultured according to a conventional method into a bag head of the material bag; after inoculation, the material bag is moved into a culture room; the temperature of the culture chamber was 26 ℃ and the relative humidity of the air was 65%. The culture time after inoculation is 40 days. The fungus bags in the cultivation room are arranged in a # -shaped mode, and turned and piled once in 7 days.
(4) Cutting a hanging bag: after the cultivation, the cultivation material bag is cut, and a straight-line-shaped opening is transversely cut, wherein the distance between every two adjacent openings is 4.5 cm. The cultivation material bags are scattered and hung on the branches of the fruit trees or hung in a shed, and the intervals of the cultivation material bags are 20 cm.
(5) And (3) ear emergence management: spraying for 2 times every day within 7 days of cutting, and keeping the relative humidity of air under the fruit trees and in the shed to be more than 85%; within 7-12 days, ear buds begin to generate, water is sprayed every 2 days, and the ear buds are sprayed until the ear drops. And keeping the relative humidity of air at 88% until the agaric is mature.
(6) Picking management: when the leaves of Auricularia are fully unfolded, the edges of the Auricularia are slightly curled outward and are wavy, and then the Auricularia can be picked.
The beneficial effects of the invention are illustrated below with respect to the yield of agaric:
1. general data
The adopted edible fungus liquid strains are purchased from the market, and the edible fungus strains with uniform fungus ball size and strong vitality are selected.
2. Method of implementation
Example (b): auricularia auricula was cultivated according to the method of examples 1-3;
the comparison example 1 is a conventional planting method of edible fungus.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that the following colonization was employed.
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that a conventional compost was used.
Comparative example 4 is different from example 1 in that ginkgo biloba leaves residue and ginseng radix residue in the cultivation material are replaced by straw.
3. Comparison of results
The cultivation material bags of the examples and the comparative examples are 30, 3 times of repetition are set, the dry weight of each bag of material is 450g, the examples and the comparative examples are managed uniformly, picking is carried out at the same time, the yield of the agaric is counted, and the appearance condition of the agaric is observed. The biological rate (biological efficiency ═ per bag fresh mushroom yield/per bag dry material weight x 100%) was calculated. The yield results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Auricularia yield
As can be seen from the above, compared with the comparative example 1, the weight of the fresh fungus produced in each bag is increased by more than 30g, and the biological rate is at least improved by more than 6%; the color of the ear of the sporocarp is more bright red, the color of the villus, the edge shape of the ear and the ventral ridge are all superior to those of the comparative example. The yield of the agaric of the comparison examples 2 and 3 is higher than that of the comparison example 1, the quality of the agaric of the comparison example 2 is better than that of the agaric of the comparison example 1, the agaric yield can be improved by hanging the bag to grow out of the agaric, and the cultivation material prepared by the method can improve the quality of the agaric and the yield of the agaric; compared with the comparative example 4, the yield is higher and the quality is better in the example 1, which shows that the ginkgo leaf decoction dregs and the ginseng decoction dregs can effectively improve the yield and the quality of the agaric.
Claims (9)
1. The agaric cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material: the cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of ginkgo leaf decoction dregs, 10-20 parts of ginseng decoction dregs, 15-25 parts of bamboo waste, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-2 parts of gypsum and 0.5-2 parts of sugar, and adding water for stirring;
(2) bagging and sterilizing: placing the cultivation material into a cylindrical plastic bag, sterilizing at normal pressure, and cooling to 25-30 deg.C;
(3) inoculating and culturing: transferring the sterilized cultivation material bag into an inoculation chamber for inoculation, and inoculating liquid edible fungus strains cultured according to a conventional method into a bag head of the material bag; after inoculation, the cultivation material bag is moved into a cultivation room;
(4) cutting a hanging bag: after culturing until hypha grows over the cultivation material bags, cutting openings on the fungus bags, and scattering the cultivation material bags to hang the bags;
(5) and (3) ear emergence management: the relative air humidity of the cultivation environment is kept above 85% within 7 days of cutting the opening; within 7-12 days, starting to generate earbuds, spraying water every 2-3 days, and keeping the humidity at 85-90% until the agaric is mature; the temperature is kept between 18 and 22 ℃ during the ear emergence period;
(6) picking management: when the leaves of Auricularia are fully unfolded, the edges of the Auricularia are slightly curled outward and are wavy, and then the Auricularia can be picked.
2. The method for cultivating Auricularia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bamboo waste in step (1) is prepared by grinding bamboo waste in block form into powder, and fermenting.
3. The method for cultivating Auricularia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the cultivation material in step (1) is 50-60%.
4. The method for cultivating Auricularia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterilization under normal pressure in step (2) comprises sterilizing for 23-26h, maintaining at 26-28 deg.C for 23-26h, and steam sterilizing for more than 24 h.
5. The method for cultivating Auricularia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation room temperature in step (3) is 24-30 deg.C, the relative humidity of air is 60-70%, and the cultivation time is 35-45 days.
6. The method for cultivating agaric according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation material bags in the cultivation room in the step (3) are placed in a well-shaped mode and are turned and piled once every 7 days.
7. The method for cultivating Auricularia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutting in step (4) is a straight cut, and the cutting is transverse, and the distance between adjacent cuts is 4-5 cm.
8. The method for cultivating Auricularia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation material bags are kept at a distance of 15-25cm when the bags are hung in step (4).
9. The method for cultivating Auricularia as claimed in claim 1, wherein spraying water is carried out for 7 days after the incision in step (5) for 1-2 times a day, and spraying water to ear buds until the ear buds drip water after 7 days.
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