CN111937522A

CN111937522A - Method and system for ecological restoration of hydro-fluctuation belt

Info

Publication number: CN111937522A
Application number: CN201910407242.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任立
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-05-16
Filing date: 2019-05-16
Publication date: 2020-11-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for restoring ecology of a hydro-fluctuation belt, which are combined with actual geographic conditions and scientific experimental data, determine vegetation varieties in different time areas continuously submerged in water according to different time of the hydro-fluctuation belt continuously submerged in water in the whole crown in the year, plant the corresponding vegetation varieties in the corresponding hydro-fluctuation belt areas by applying a scientific planting method, and carry out scientific post-planting nursing after planting, so that the vegetation can survive in the hydro-fluctuation belt areas for a long time, water and soil loss is kept, a proper new biological community is created, a proper biological diversity is realized, a proper living environment is quickly restored, and a solid foundation is laid for the regional harmony of human and nature.

Description

Method and system for ecological restoration of hydro-fluctuation belt

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydro-fluctuation belt treatment, in particular to a hydro-fluctuation belt ecological restoration method and system.

Background

Hydro-Fluctuation Belt (also called as a Fluctuation area) is a phenomenon peculiar to rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and is mainly formed due to two reasons, namely seasonal water level Fluctuation and periodic water storage. Seasonal causes are primarily those areas where seasonal water level fluctuations cause the submerged land to periodically emerge from the water surface. In addition, the water level of the cave lake is reduced due to special climates (such as drought). The reason for water storage is in large reservoirs (such as three gorges dam), and the formation of hydro-fluctuation zones is mainly caused by the rise and fall of water level caused by periodic flood storage or flood discharge.

Regarding the treatment of the hydro-fluctuation belt, the hydro-fluctuation belt in partial areas is influenced by water storage and seasonal climate, the time for the hydro-fluctuation belt to be submerged in the whole area year varies from 15 days to 365 days. For example, referring to the annual water level flooding diagram of the wudongde reservoir shown in fig. 1, in 7 th month in the middle of each year, water storage starts from about 952 meters of the lowest water level line altitude and water drainage starts from 975 meters of the highest water level line altitude, namely the highest water level line altitude, only after the continuous flooding without stopping midway begins in the next 6 th month, so that the reservoir is freed up to meet the flood season caused by annual rainstorm, and the safety of reservoir dams and the life and property safety of the masses in the lower reaches are protected. Accordingly, the section of the fluctuation belt with the highest water level below the highest water level by 5 meters, namely, the section of the fluctuation belt with the elevation of 970 meters is continuously submerged for about 290 days every year, the section of the fluctuation belt with the highest water level below the elevation of 975 meters by 15 meters, namely, the section of the fluctuation belt with the elevation of 960 meters is continuously submerged for about 310 days every year, and the section of the fluctuation belt with the elevation of 975 meters below the highest water level, namely, the section of the fluctuation belt with the minimum water storage by 23 meters is continuously submerged for. By now, no other related technologies exist at home and abroad to solve the ecological restoration problem of the hydro-fluctuation belt.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a method and a system for restoring ecology of a hydro-fluctuation belt.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for restoring ecology in a hydro-fluctuation belt comprises the following steps:

step 1, selecting a planting vegetation variety: determining the vegetation variety according to the time of the whole crown continuously submerging the water, wherein,

planting one or more of metasequoia, Chinese tallow tree, quercus virginiana, quercus palustris, quercus salicina, quercus aluta, Chinese ash and kenaf in the time of continuously submerging the whole crown of the year under water within 0-15 days;

planting one or more of larch, poplar, red birch, Chinese mosquitos and roxburgh roses which are all planted in the way that the water is continuously submerged for 16-30 days in the whole year;

planting one or more of pond cedar, purple water, bamboo willow, pyracantha fortuneana, fructus gleditsiae and radix morindae officinalis in the whole crown of the year, wherein the time of continuously submerging the pond is within 31-60 days;

planting one or more of mulberry trees, small cornus, small golden bamboo, cogongrass, vetiver, Kadsura japonica, wild ancient grass and silvergrass in the time of continuously submerging underwater in the whole crown in 61-100 days in the year;

planting one or more of birch, China fir, autumn willow, bermuda grass, flat tassel, Chinese knotweed, striga asiatica, cyperus rotundus and sedge tubers within 101-300 days of continuously submerging all crowns all year round under water;

planting bermudagrass in the time of continuously submerging the whole crown under water within 301-365 days in year;

step 2, planting the vegetation:

the planting density is set as follows:

the planting density of arbor tree species is controlled within 166 plants/mu, and the row spacing of the plants is 2m x 3m or 3m x 3m or 3m x 5m or 5m x 5 m;

the planting of shrub tree species is controlled within 333 plants/mu, and the row spacing of the plants is 3m x 3m or 2m x 2m or 1m x1 m;

the seeding rate of the herbaceous plants is controlled to be 10-20 g/m2, and the planting row spacing is within 1m x1 m;

step 3, soil preparation:

carrying out corresponding hole picking and land preparation according to the planting density set in the step 2, reserving various original vegetations suitable for the hydro-fluctuation belt during land preparation, separately stacking surface soil and bottom soil, and determining the specification of a hole pit for land preparation according to the size of a seedling;

step 4, vegetation planting:

planting seedlings and roots of arbor and shrub trees, placing container seedlings or seedlings with soil balls in the center of planting holes during planting to ensure that the seedlings are straight and do not nest roots, filling soil in layers to fill the soil, enabling the soil to be fully contacted with the root systems of the seedlings, enabling the root systems to be 3-5 cm lower than the ground, and simultaneously pouring enough root fixing water;

the herbaceous plants are planted in a way of division or sowing,

when in transplanting, the seedling is placed in the center of the planting hole to ensure that the seedling is not embedded with roots, the seedling is filled, the soil is fully contacted with the root system of the seedling, simultaneously, sufficient root fixing water is poured,

when sowing and planting, sowing seeds in a planting area by adopting a dibbling, drilling or broadcasting mode according to the sizes of the seeds, covering fine soil with the surface of about 0.5-1 cm, compacting to ensure that the soil is fully contacted with the seeds, and spraying water to ensure that the soil is wet; or, the seeds are mixed with sandy soil uniformly and then directly sowed in a planting area when the soil is wet;

step 5, nursing after planting:

the post-vegetation care comprises pre-vegetation submerging care and post-vegetation submerging care;

wherein the pre-flood treatment comprises the following modes:

in 1-3 years after planting, nest tending and pruning management is adopted, and the normal growth of plants is ensured for 2-3 times per year;

after the initial planting and the water removal, if the trunk of the plant shakes, inclines and falls and the soil in the planting hole is too low, the soil should be filled in time for compaction so as to ensure the normal growth of the plant;

post-flood care includes the following:

a biological diversity monitoring tower is built at an altitude high level which is supposed to be submerged for about 80 days or about 100 days or about 150 days or about 300 days, a reptile perching platform with the width of 1m-100m, the length of 5m-1000m and the height of 1m-30m is synchronously built, and the sunlight bath and the perching place are shared by the reptiles in water.

Preferably, in the step 1, after selecting the vegetation variety, the vegetation is planted in a horizontal arrangement or a vertical arrangement.

Preferably, when the horizontal configuration is carried out, the concentrated continuous planting area of the same variety or the same afforestation mode does not exceed 50hm 2; and a buffer zone formed by other varieties or natural vegetation is arranged between two forestation plots of the same variety, and the buffer zone is not less than 50 m.

Preferably, in the step 4, when the seedlings are planted and the soil is adhered and the ventilation performance is poor, 1-10 cm-sized sandstone or transparent bamboo or wood is filled at the bottom of the pit for diuresis and ventilation.

Preferably, in the step 4, when seedlings are planted and the seedlings are in a geographical environment with soil adhesion and poor air permeability, the seedlings are placed in the center of the hole and then backfilled with soil, 1-3 transparent bamboo or wood or plastic pipes which are higher than the top layer of surface soil by 2-10cm are obliquely placed at an angle of 30-80 degrees and then are placed between the wall of the hole and the soil ball, and then the soil is backfilled in layers;

when backfilling soil, using a wood stick with a diameter smaller than that between the pit wall and the soil ball, surrounding the soil ball to compact the backfilled soil between the pit wall and the soil ball in a layering manner, wherein the top of the backfilled soil is in contact with the seedling trunk to form a pyramid shape.

Preferably, in the step 4, when the planted seedlings meet the geographical environment of sandstone or mudstone with a thin soil layer or almost no soil layer, the pit specification during soil preparation in the step 3 is expanded to 110-200% of the original specification, soil suitable for seedling growth is supplemented, the pit specification reserved for planted seedlings meets the pit specification of soil preparation in the step 3, and the soil is backfilled layer by layer;

when backfilling soil, a wood stick with a diameter smaller than that between the pit wall and the soil ball is used, the backfilled soil between the pit wall and the soil ball is compacted by surrounding the soil ball layer by layer, and the top of the backfilled soil is in contact with the seedling trunk to form an inverted bamboo hat-shaped nest shape.

Preferably, in the step 4, after sufficient rooting water is poured during the planting of the seedlings and the roots,

between one third and two thirds of the ground, taking 2-3 bamboo boards or wood boards or synthetic boards or plastic boards with the length of 10cm to 100cm to clamp the section of the trunk in a surrounding way and fixing the clamp boards on the trunk to be protected by using iron wires or plastic tapes or synthetic tapes or bands or ropes of plant components;

and then fixing the seedlings by a tripod or a tripod to prevent the seedlings from being damaged from the fixed points by heavy waves.

Preferably, after the trunk is fixed by a tripod or a tripod,

selecting one point between one third and two thirds of the fixed tripod or tripod, and fixing a fixed support head such as a nail at each point;

winding each fixed supporting head on a wire or plastic belt or a composite belt or a plant component belt or a grommet triangular wood or a tripod, and then fixing each fixed supporting head in a horizontal surrounding manner;

before or after fixing, 1 or 3 points are taken under the planted nursery stock, bamboo or wood or plastic steel or steel bar is pre-buried in soil or ground, and a pile head with the length of 3cm to 15cm protrudes from the top of the nursery stock;

then, connecting and locking each fixed point on the triangular wood or the tripod with pile heads pre-buried in the soil or the ground by using iron wires or plastic belts or composite belts or ropes of plant components respectively or concentratedly;

after the root system of the seedling grows for 1-3 years, after the water in the water-falling zone is exposed, the fixed iron wire or plastic tape or composite tape or plant component tape or rope is removed, so as to prevent and control the environmental pollution.

Preferably, the pre-flooding care in step 5 further comprises the following steps:

setting signs and warning boards to prevent artificial damage and livestock gnawing damage;

a specially-assigned person regularly patrols and discovers and processes natural and artificial factors influencing vegetation growth in time;

detecting dead and plant diseases and insect pests in time, removing, performing additional planting according to the survival rate of the nursery stock in the flooding time section is less than 60% -80%, and performing additional planting to the original planting density,

preferably, the nursery stock survival rate within 340 days of submerging time is lower than 60%, the nursery stock survival rate within 300 days of submerging time is lower than 65%, the nursery stock survival rate within 150 days of submerging time is lower than 70%, the nursery stock survival rate within 100 days of submerging time is lower than 75%, and the nursery stock survival rate within 85 days of submerging time is lower than 80%, and the replanting should be carried out;

further, the post-submerging care in the step 5 further comprises the following method:

setting up a sign and a warning board to prevent fishermen from damaging vegetation after fishing, pulling a net, docking and anchoring ships and the like after the water level rises;

a specially-assigned person regularly patrols and discovers natural and human factors which influence and possibly influence the damage of vegetation in time and eliminates hidden dangers;

surface runoff, non-point source pollution purification ditches or zones prefabricated before entering a field and during land preparation, ecological environment status before or after flooding and dynamic climate monitoring;

collecting original data such as water and soil loss, surface runoff, non-point source pollution and the like before entering a field;

constructing a biodiversity rapid restoration and time-lapse camera or an all-weather 360-degree infrared monitoring camera system or a satellite remote sensing ground monitoring sensing system at an altitude high level which is about 80 days or about 100 days or about 150 days or about 300 days and is above a highest water level line or a highest water level line without land acquisition for collecting and monitoring biodiversity rapid restoration related data in the area;

the prefabricated surface runoff and surface source pollution purification ditch or belt depth is 50cm-100cm during soil preparation, the prefabricated surface runoff and surface source pollution purification ditch or belt depth is prefabricated by a wire netting or a check net or a bamboo stone cage method, a 10cm-30cm covered sand and mud layer with good water and air permeability is laid on the top layer, and the water-resistant submerged herbaceous plants are used for sowing or planting grass seeds or laying turf on the surface layer;

and collecting and monitoring data related to surface runoff and non-point source pollution regularly.

A system for ecological restoration of a water-level-fluctuating zone divides 6 planting areas according to the method in the step 1, a surface runoff purification pool is dug in each planting area, a biological inhabitation tower is installed in each planting area, the height of the biological inhabitation tower is 1-5 m, the upper end of the biological inhabitation tower is fixedly supported by a transparent protection box body through a support column, the height of the protection box body is higher than the highest water level line, an all-weather 360-degree infrared monitoring camera used for collecting image data generated in the corresponding planting area is installed in the protection box body, and the all-weather 360-degree infrared monitoring camera is connected with a computer through a lead so as to transmit the shot image data to the computer for storage and playing.

Further, the computer is disposed in a control room built on a flat area 1m or more above the highest water level line.

Further, the support column is a telescopic support column.

Further, still include the wire pillar, the wire is installed above the wire pillar and the wire is in the height above the highest water level line.

Further, the biological inhabitation tower is a ladder-shaped tower body formed by a plurality of layers of stairs.

Furthermore, a plurality of planting holes for planting the vegetation are dug in each planting area.

Further, the size of the planting hole is 30cm multiplied by 20cm or 40cm multiplied by 30cm or 50cm multiplied by 40cm or 60cm multiplied by 40cm or 80cm multiplied by 50cm or 100cm multiplied by 80 cm.

Furthermore, a zero-cement soil fixing cylinder with a soil protection bag is arranged in the planting hole.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, by combining practical experimental conditions, vegetation varieties in different time areas continuously submerged under water are determined according to different time of the whole canopy of the hydro-fluctuation zone continuously submerged under water, and corresponding vegetation varieties are planted in corresponding areas, so that water and soil loss can be maintained, a suitable new biological community can be built, a suitable biological diversity can be realized, a rapid habitat restoration can be realized, and a solid foundation can be laid for the harmonious nature and humanity of the area.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.

FIG. 1 is a annual submersion level diagram of a hydro-fluctuation belt to be formed by the Wudongde reservoir;

FIG. 2 is a photograph of the current topography of a cross section of a hydro-fluctuation belt on both sides to be formed after water storage in the Wudongde hydropower station;

FIG. 3 is a photograph of the current topography of a cross section of a hydro-fluctuation belt on both sides to be formed after water storage in the Wudongde hydropower station;

FIG. 4 is a annual submerged water level diagram of a hydro-fluctuation zone to be formed by the white crane beach reservoir;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for ecological restoration of a hydro-fluctuation belt;

Detailed Description

The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The first practical case is as follows: and the ecological restoration bottleneck of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Wudongde reservoir is formed after the Wudongde hydropower station stores water.

The construction project is about to generate a new world-level problem that the ecological environment which is continuously submerged for 290-335 days is difficult to restore.

Referring to fig. 1, in late 7 months of the year, water storage starts from about 952 meters of the lowest water level line altitude and water discharge starts from 975 meters of the highest water level line altitude until the beginning of the next 6 months without stopping in the midway, so that the storage capacity is freed up to meet the flood season caused by rain storm every year, and the safety of reservoir dams and the safety of lives and properties of the masses in the lower reaches are protected. Accordingly, the section of the fluctuation belt with the highest water level below the highest water level by 5 meters, namely, the section of the fluctuation belt with the elevation of 970 meters is continuously submerged for about 290 days every year, the section of the fluctuation belt with the highest water level below the elevation of 975 meters by 15 meters, namely, the section of the fluctuation belt with the elevation of 960 meters is continuously submerged for about 310 days every year, and the section of the fluctuation belt with the elevation of 975 meters below the highest water level, namely, the section of the fluctuation belt with the minimum water storage by 23 meters is continuously submerged for. By far, no other person, any organization or any organization can solve the ecological restoration problem of the hydro-fluctuation belt at home and abroad.

The reservoir is impossible and does not allow for changing existing geological structures and topographical features.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the site is subjected to surveying and related data, and the positions of the sites are east longitude 102 degrees 14 degrees to 102 degrees 56 degrees and north latitude 25 degrees to 26 degrees 22 degrees; from the geological condition, the area is in the middle section of the transverse mountain and the broken band of Dian Chi with strong north-south cutting. The geological structure is complex, and the geological structure is subject to multi-phase geological structure movement, and the strong influence of Jinshajiang river cutting, the fall of the mountain in the valley region is large, the gradient is steep, and a plurality of fracture fold belts are formed on two banks, and the like, and the special geographical environmental factors are considered: firstly, the slope of the section of most sections of the two banks is between 40 degrees and 55 degrees, and the slope of the section of a local section is between 30 degrees and 40 degrees and between 55 degrees and 80 degrees, so that even if ecological restoration is carried out, the machine enters the field to destroy the environment, and the machine is restored by harmonious manual of people and nature only under the condition of ensuring safety. And secondly, the surface layer of the shoreline is mainly composed of sandstone and mudstone and a weathered 3cm-10cm sediment shallow surface layer, so that the grass is hardly grown, and a brand new challenge is brought to ecological restoration.

Unchangeable special harsh climatic environment.

The hydro-fluctuation zone to be formed in the reservoir area is represented by the climate condition that the area belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate area and has obvious three-dimensional climate characteristic, the frost-free period is 234 days, and the average precipitation amount for many years is 966.4 mm. The rainy season is concentrated in 6-8 months every year, and other seasons are almost rain-free and ice-free to form a dry and hot valley environment where general plants cannot survive. Self ecological restoration is difficult to realize without manual intervention.

The second practical case: ecological restoration bottleneck of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the white crane beach reservoir formed after the white crane beach hydropower station stores water.

The construction project is about to generate a new world-level problem that the ecological environment which is submerged for 84 to 365 days is difficult to restore.

Referring to fig. 4, in month 5 a year, continuous flooding, which starts water storage from the lowest water level altitude of 760 m and is not stopped halfway, starts water storage from the altitude of 760 m again in month 6 the next year, during which month 5 a year, water storage is started from the lowest water level altitude of 760 m to the altitude of 785 m for about 30 days or so, where the water level is maintained for about 60 days and water storage is started again to the altitude of 825m for about 45 days or so.

Namely, the section of the water-level-fluctuating zone with the maximum water level below the maximum water level, namely 2 meters below the maximum water level, namely 823 meters, is continuously submerged for about 84 days from about 11 days per year to about 4 days per year 12 per year, the section of the water-fluctuating zone with the maximum water level below the altitude 825 meters, namely 5 meters below the altitude 820 meters is continuously submerged for about 97 days from about 9 days per month 6 days to about 12 days per year 12 per year, the section of the water-fluctuating zone with the maximum water level below the altitude 825 meters, namely 810 meters below the altitude, is continuously submerged for about 138 days from about 22 days per month to about 7 days per month in the following year, the section of the water-fluctuating zone with the high water level below the altitude 825 meters, namely 40 meters below the altitude 785 meters below the altitude, namely about 285 days from 6 months in the first year to 3 months in the following year, and the section of the water-fluctuating zone with the high water level below. Also, no other person or any organization can solve the ecological restoration problem of the hydro-fluctuation belt at home and abroad today.

The hydro-fluctuation belt repairing experiment just needs to be carried out on the two real case environments.

Selecting a 3km reservoir bank which has better conditions in the Wudongde reservoir area and is convenient for manual repair to carry out a hydro-fluctuation belt repair test, and dividing the hydro-fluctuation belt repair area into 4 sections of 975m-978m, 970m-975m, 960m-970m and 952m-960m to carry out a repairability test. Altitude versus days of flooding is referenced in table 1.

Height of water level	Submergence time	Days submerged in water (sky)
			975m-978m	Occasionally (Normal water level 975m)	Occasionally, the patient is
970m-975m	8 months 20 days-6 months 10 days	294 days
			960m-970m	8 months and 7 days-6 months and 19 days	Day 316 (299 days)
952m-960m	17 days in 7 months-17 days in 6 months	335 days

TABLE 1 Utoshiba area altitude and inundation days corresponding table

The method is characterized in that the ground-erecting condition is well selected in the region of the white crane beach reservoir, the 3km reservoir bank which is convenient for manual repair is used for carrying out the hydro-fluctuation belt repair test, and the hydro-fluctuation belt repair region is divided into 3 sections of 825-823 m, 823m-820m and 820m-810m for carrying out the repairability test. Altitude versus days of flooding is referenced in table 2.

TABLE 2 Table of altitude and submerging days in Baihe beach area

Over the years, a summary of the nationwide rivers and a group of other vegetation suitable for the area other than the above-found indigenous shrubs and herbaceous plants was examined and explored as follows.

The coniferous forest of arbors includes Sequoia, and Metasequoia glyptostroboides; betula alba, Betula platyphylla, purple water, Sapium sebiferum, Quercus virginiana, Quercus palustris, Quercus salicina, Populus diversifolia, Salix babylonica, and Pterocarya stenoptera, especially Betula alba and Taxus chinensis, are particularly resistant to water flooding.

Mulberry trees, pyracantha fortuneana, roxburgh rose, kenaf, Chinese mosla, small cornus macrophylla of shrub species, particularly salix chebula, are particularly resistant to water flooding.

The herbaceous plants comprise vetiver grass, verbena compressa, Chinese knotweed, sweet rhizomes grass, wild cogongrass, cockscomb, cyperus rotundus, tuber sedge, wild ancient grass and silvergrass, and particularly the bermudagrass in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the three gorges of Yangtze river is particularly resistant to water submergence.

For two reservoirs, the invention adopts the following method to carry out experimental tests.

1. The vegetation allocation plan of the section is mainly determined by the time length of the vegetation full-crown continuous submerging underwater required by different sections of the hydro-fluctuation belt.

Namely, the trees with the whole crown continuously submerged for less than 15 days are metasequoia, Chinese tallow tree, oak in Virginia, oak in swamp, oak in willow, willow and Chinese ash, and the shrub is the bark of Chinese arborvitae; the trees within 30 days are larch, populus euphratica and red birch, and the shrubs are Chinese mosquitos and roxburgh roses; the arbor within 60 days is pond fir, water purple, and bamboo willow, and the shrub is pyracantha fortuneana, fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis, and radix Morindae officinalis; shrubs within 100 days are mulberry trees, small cornus dogwood and small golden-silk bamboos, and herbaceous plants are Japanese ramose wildgrass, vetiver, Kakai Ludi, wild grass and silvergrass; the arbor within 300 days is Betula platyphylla, Betula Platyphylla and Sequoia intermedia, the shrub is Salix psammophila, and the herbaceous plant is Cynodon dactylon, herba Verbenae, herb Polygoni chinensis, radix Hylotelephii Erythrosticti, rhizoma Cyperi, and herba Caryopteridis Incanae; trees and shrubs up to 365 days do not exist at present, and herbaceous plants only have bermudagrass.

2. Planting configuration mode

Planting configuration is carried out according to the standing conditions of the hydro-fluctuation belt and the combination of the biological characteristics and the ecological characteristics of the main tree (grass) species.

Horizontal configuration:

firstly, pure forest configuration requires that the concentrated planting area of the same tree species or the same afforestation mode is not more than 50hm²(50 km/l)²) (ii) a The concentrated and connected planting area of the same tree species or the same afforestation mode in the same year is not more than 10h m²(10 km)²) (ii) a Other tree species, natural vegetation or other land utilization types are arranged between two same tree species afforestation plots to form a buffer zone, and the buffer zone is not less than 50 m.

And secondly, the mixed forest configuration is to select tree seeds with strong adaptability and stress resistance and complementary interspecific ecological niches for mixed crossing according to biological characteristics and site conditions. The mixed crossing is formed by adopting row mixed crossing, strip mixed crossing or block mixed crossing, and can also be randomly configured with the original seedlings and saplings. The mixed forest in the water-level-fluctuating zone is mainly configured in a mode of mixing coniferous trees and broad-leaved trees, and coniferous trees, broad-leaved forests, shrubs, perennial herbaceous plants and the like are constructed.

Vertical configuration: a multi-level composite structure forest stand with vertical arrangement of trees, shrubs and grasses is constructed in a suitable area of the hydro-fluctuation belt, so that various ecological service functions of the protection forest in the hydro-fluctuation belt are fully exerted.

3. Planting time and planting density

One is the planting time. Planting in spring, namely planting the surface layer of the water-removed water-free falling zone in the water-free falling zone, wherein personnel can enter the field and start implementation until the latest time before the coming of the flood season; the high-altitude area is planted in autumn, namely the surface layer of the water-level-fluctuating zone before water rises in the water-level-fluctuating zone or after water is removed in winter, personnel can enter the field and implement the water-level-fluctuating zone, and the latest time is not later than the coming of the next annual flood season.

The second is planting density. The planting density of arbor tree species is controlled within 166 plants/mu, the row spacing of the plants is 2m x 3m or 3m x 3m or 3m x 5m or 5m x 5 m; the planting of shrub tree species is controlled to be 333 plants/mu, and the row spacing of the plants is 3m x 3m or 2m x 2m or 1m x1 m; the seeding rate of the herbaceous plants is controlled within 10-20 g per square meter or within 1m x 1m of planting row spacing. The planting density and the row spacing can be properly adjusted according to the actual conditions of the seedling size, the field condition, the natural vegetation distribution and the like.

4. Seedling raising time and soil ball protection measures in the source of woody plants.

Bagged seedlings of a nursery base in the nursery stocks are preferred.

And secondly, selecting the field planting seedlings of the nursery base which are about to sprout or just sprout, wherein the diameter of the soil ball is more than 6 times larger than that of the nursery stock, and the soil ball is not easy to loosen in transportation and transportation or carrying for more than two times.

And selecting the field planting seedlings of the nursery base which is going to be dormant or enters the dormancy again, wherein the specifications of the soil balls and the protection measures are the same as the above.

5. And (7) land preparation.

The soil is prepared in holes, the soil is not required to be prepared in advance, and the soil can be prepared at any time. The planting holes are arranged in a mode of Chinese character pin shape, and can be randomly arranged according to the standing conditions and the distribution situation of natural vegetation by inserting pins at seams. When soil preparation is carried out, the surface soil and the bottom soil are piled separately. The specifications of the soil preparation pit are determined according to the size of the seedling, and can adopt specifications of 30cm multiplied by 20cm, 40cm multiplied by 30cm, 50cm multiplied by 40cm, 60cm multiplied by 40cm, 80cm multiplied by 50cm, 100cm multiplied by 80cm and the like. Comprehensive soil preparation is forbidden, disturbance of a soil layer or a sandstone layer or a mudstone layer is reduced as much as possible, and various original vegetations which can be suitable for the hydro-fluctuation belt are reserved.

6. Planting method

Firstly, planting seedlings. The method is suitable for arbor and shrub seedlings, during planting, container seedlings or seedlings with soil balls are placed in the center of a planting hole to ensure that the seedlings are straight and do not nest roots, the seedlings are filled with soil in layers and filled, the soil is fully contacted with the root systems of the seedlings, the roots are 3-5 cm lower than the ground, and meanwhile, root fixing water is fully poured. Birch planting was performed with reference to Chongqing DB 50/T673.

Particularly, the woody plant is placed in the center of the planting hole, and the original earth ball structure is damaged or damaged by using a planting tool or manually trodden by feet during the layered filling and filling process, so that the damaged root hair is completely damaged again during the seedling lifting or transportation process, and the survival rate of the nursery stock is influenced. This is one of the key links that traditional or conventional land greening forestation cannot be equated with.

According to different site environments, the first is a geographical environment with soil adhesion and poor ventilation, or 1-10 cm-sized gravels or transparent bamboo or wood are backfilled at the bottom of the pit for diuresis and ventilation; or placing the nursery stock in the center of the hole, placing 1-3 transparent bamboo or wood or plastic pipes which are higher than the top layer of the surface soil by 2-10cm between the hole wall and the soil ball at an angle of 30-80 degrees before backfilling the soil, and then backfilling the soil in layers. When the soil is backfilled, the backfilled soil between the pit wall and the soil ball is compacted by surrounding the soil ball layer by using a wooden stick or other instruments with the diameter smaller than that between the pit wall and the soil ball. The contact between the top of the backfilled soil and the seedling trunk is in a pyramid shape, so that the seedling death caused by the damage of the root system due to rain and water silting and waterlogging is prevented.

And secondly, when meeting the geographical environment of sandstone or mudstone with a thin soil layer or almost no soil layer, the specification of the pit during soil preparation is 10 to 100 percent larger than the specifications, the soil is suitable for seedling growth, and the specification of the pit reserved for planting the seedlings meets the specification of the pit for soil preparation. The layered backfilling of the soil was performed according to the method described above. Particularly, the contact between the top of the backfilled soil and the seedling trunk is shown to be in a shape of a pit which is not in a pyramid shape but in an inverted bamboo hat shape, so that the unavailable rain and water are collected, and the seedling is ensured to obtain more sufficient water. In particular to arid geographical environment, an agricultural film is covered on the surface layer after soil is covered on the surface layer, the film gathered on the seedling trunk part is fixed on the top layer of soil contacting with the seedling trunk by using an iron wire or a plastic tape or a composite tape or a plant component tape, the film outside the fixed point is unfolded into a round shape exceeding the soil ball by 10cm to 50cm, and the film at the most edge is compacted by using soil, sandstone or mudstone to prevent natural wind or rain, water or surface water or submerged water waves from turning over the film. After the root system of the seedling grows for 1-3 years, the film is removed after the water in the seedling is exposed, and the environmental pollution is prevented and treated.

And secondly, performing division planting. The method is suitable for herbaceous seedlings, the seedlings are placed in the center of a planting hole during planting, the seedlings are guaranteed to be straight and not to nest roots, filling is carried out, especially for high-stalk grass such as vetiver grass, wild couch grass and wild green grass, the seedlings need to be cut to be within 60cm of the height after entering a field, soil is enabled to be in full contact with the root systems of the seedlings, and meanwhile root fixing water is poured sufficiently.

Thirdly, sowing and planting

The sowing and planting method is suitable for herbaceous seedlings, seeds can be sowed in a planting area in a dibbling mode, a drilling mode, a broadcasting mode and the like according to the sizes of the seeds, fine soil of about 0.5-1 cm is covered on the surfaces of the seeds, the seeds are compacted, the soil is fully contacted with the seeds, water is sprayed, and the soil is guaranteed to be moist. Or the seeds are firstly mixed with sandy soil uniformly and then directly sown in a planting area when the soil is wet.

However, when the sandstone or mudstone is in a vertical environment, the survival rate of sowing and planting is not guaranteed, and the cup seedlings or the turf cultivated in the seedbed or the nursery base are transported to the site as much as possible, and the method is implemented like the 'division planting' in the foregoing.

And fourthly, pruning and pruning roots or cutting poles to protect and protect the plants.

Firstly, when the needle-leaved arbor enters the field, the excessive root hair and damaged and incomplete root hair are trimmed to the surface layer of the soil ball, the cutting opening of the root hair of a single root is neat, and after the dehydrated branch is trimmed, a rooting agent or rooting liquid and the like are used for preventing and treating wound infection.

Secondly, when broad-leaved trees enter the field, in addition to the protection and protection measures during the needle-leaved trees enter the field, the height of a cut rod with the diameter of 1cm to 15cm is controlled to be about 1.5m to 7.5m according to the diameter and the height of the seedlings, namely the height of the cut rod with the diameter of 1cm to 15cm, wound mixture or latex or glue is applied to the top of the cut seedling rod to seal the surface layer of the part which is 3cm to 15cm below the top, then nontoxic food films or paper which is difficult to weather are used for covering the outer layer of the glue and are compacted by hands to prevent and control the dropping, the top of the seedlings is kept to be dehydrated.

Thirdly, the protection and the protection of the shrub and the herbaceous plant seedlings refer to the measures.

Fifthly, planting in a windproof and wave-proof manner.

One is that the nursery stock is possibly dragged or damaged by natural wind or water waves in or after being submerged, 2-3 pieces or pieces of bamboo boards or wood boards or synthetic boards or plastic boards with the length of 10cm to 100cm are taken from one third to two thirds of the ground, the section of the trunk is clamped in a surrounding way, and the splint is fixed on the trunk which is protected slowly by iron wires or plastic tapes or synthetic tapes or plant components. Then fixing the seedlings by using a method such as a tripod or a tripod for landscaping on the conventional land, and preventing the seedlings from being damaged from the fixed point by heavy storms.

The other is that the buoyancy caused by water waves and water waves which may be submerged or submerged by natural wind, one point is selected from one third to two thirds of the fixed tripod or tripod, each point is fixed with a fixed support head such as a nail, and each fixed support head is wound by a strip of iron wire or plastic tape or synthetic tape or plant component or a strap of grommet or triangle or tripod and then fixed into a horizontal ring for fixing. Before or after fixing, 1 or 3 points are taken under the planted nursery stock, bamboo or wood or plastic steel or steel bar is pre-embedded in the soil or the ground, pile heads with the length of 3cm to 15cm emerge at the top of the nursery stock, and then iron wires or plastic belts or composite belts or plant component belts or cables are respectively or concentratedly used for connecting and locking each fixed point on the triangular wood or the tripod with the pile heads pre-embedded in the soil or the ground. After the root system of the seedling grows for 1-3 years, after the water in the water-falling zone is exposed, the fixed iron wire or plastic tape or composite tape or plant component tape or rope is removed, so as to prevent and control the environmental pollution.

7. Tending, managing and protecting comprises watering before and after submerging, pest control, replanting and other measures.

First, pre-flood management

(1) And a sign and a warning board are arranged in the project implementation area, so that the artificial damage and the livestock gnawing damage are prevented.

(2) The special person regularly patrols and finds out and processes natural and artificial factors influencing vegetation growth in time.

(3) And (4) in three years after planting, nest stroking and pruning management is adopted for 2-3 times per year so as to ensure the normal growth of plants.

(4) After the initial planting and the water removal, if the trunk of the plant shakes, inclines and falls and the soil in the planting hole is too low, the soil should be filled in time for compaction so as to ensure the normal growth of the plant.

(5) And (4) inspecting dead plants and plant diseases and insect pests in time, removing the plants, and performing replanting if the survival rate is lower than 80%.

(6) The method is forbidden to graze, farming and farming in vegetation ecological restoration areas of the hydro-fluctuation areas and to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

(7) Pruning and shaping in due time according to the needs of tree species, well performing biological prevention and control work of plant diseases and insect pests, and watering in time in a drought period.

12.2 post-flood management

(1) The position and the range of the project implementation are marked, and a warning board is arranged to prevent fishermen from damaging vegetation after the water level rises, such as fishing, net pulling, ship berthing and anchoring.

(2) The special person regularly patrols and finds out the natural and man-made factors which influence and possibly influence the damage of the vegetation in time, and eliminates hidden dangers.

And thirdly, dynamically monitoring surface runoff, non-point source pollution purification ditches or zones, ecological environment status before or after flooding and climate, which are prefabricated before entering a field and during land preparation.

(1) Collecting original data such as water and soil loss, surface runoff, non-point source pollution and the like before entering a field.

(2) The prefabricated surface runoff and surface source pollution purification ditch or belt depth is 50cm-100cm during land preparation, the prefabricated surface runoff and surface source pollution purification ditch or belt depth is prefabricated by a wire mesh or a check net or a bamboo stone cage method, or the prefabricated surface runoff and surface source pollution purification ditch or belt depth is prefabricated by a method for treating domestic sewage by an artificial wetland, a 10cm-30cm sand-added mud layer with good water and air permeability is laid on the top layer, and the water-resistant submerged herbaceous plants are used for sowing or planting grass seeds or laying turf on the surface layer. And collecting and monitoring data related to surface runoff and non-point source pollution regularly.

(3) A biodiversity rapid restoration and time-shortening camera or an all-weather 360-degree infrared monitoring camera system or a satellite remote sensing ground monitoring sensing system is built or installed at an altitude high level which is about 80 days or about 100 days or about 150 days or about 300 days or above the highest water level line and does not need land acquisition, and is used for collecting and monitoring biodiversity rapid restoration related data (hereinafter referred to as a biodiversity monitoring tower) in the area.

(4) When the biological diversity monitoring tower is constructed or installed in an altitude high-rise building which is submerged for about 80 days or about 100 days or about 150 days or about 300 days, a reptile perching platform with the width of 1m-100m, the length of 5m-1000m and the height of 1m-30m is constructed or installed synchronously, and the sunlight bath and the perching place are shared by the reptiles in water.

After the experimental test is carried out by applying the scheme, under the same altitude, in the area where vegetation is planted according to the method after one year, compared with the area which is not subjected to repair treatment, the water and soil conservation effect is obvious, the water and soil loss is less, and the habitats are more accumulated.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 5, a system for ecological restoration of a hydro-fluctuation belt divides a plurality of planting areas 1 according to the time of continuous submergence of the whole crown of the year under water, a surface runoff purification tank 2 is dug in each planting area 1, a biological inhabitation tower 3 is installed in each planting area 1, the height of the biological inhabitation tower 3 is 1-5 m, the upper end of the biological inhabitation tower 3 is fixedly supported by a transparent protection box body 5 through a support column 4, the height of the protection box body 5 is higher than the highest water level line, an all-weather 360-degree infrared monitoring camera 6 used for collecting image data corresponding to the life of the planting area 1 is installed in the protection box body 5, and the all-weather 360-degree infrared monitoring camera 6 is connected with a computer 7 through a wire 10 so as to transmit the shot image data to the computer 7 for storage and playing. The computer 7 is disposed in a control room 8, and the control room 8 is constructed on a flat area 1m or more above the highest water level. The support column 4 is a telescopic support column. The water-level-adjustable water-level meter further comprises a wire support pillar 9, wherein the wire 10 is installed above the wire support pillar 9, and the wire 10 is located at a height above the highest water level.

In specific implementation, when each area is exposed, the system carries out vegetation cultivation according to the divided areas, the digging of the surface runoff purification tank 2 is beneficial to the growth of vegetation, and the design of the biological inhabitation tower 3 is beneficial to aquatic organisms to rest, sunbath and the like by means of the tower; on the other hand, an all-weather 360-degree infrared monitoring camera is installed for each area to carry out all-day monitoring video recording, the monitoring video recording is transmitted to the computer 7 through the lead 10 in real time to be stored and played, the design of the camera matched with the computer is favorable for collecting the repairing related image data of the biological diversity in the area, and valuable records are provided for the treatment and repair of the hydro-fluctuation belt so as to be favorable for the improvement of a follow-up ecological repairing method and system.

In one embodiment, the biological habitat tower 3 is a ladder-shaped tower body formed by a plurality of layers of stairs so as to be beneficial to the inhabitation of animals.

In one embodiment, a plurality of planting holes for planting the vegetation are dug in each planting area 1, and the size of the planting holes is based on the size required by the tree seedling.

In one embodiment, a zero-cement soil fixing cylinder with a soil protection bag is arranged in the planting hole to further improve the protection effect on the vegetation. The zero-cement soil fixing cylinder with the soil protecting bag is in the prior art, the zero-cement soil fixing cylinder with the soil protecting bag is directly adopted in the patent number CN207109734U, and the effect of water and soil conservation is further improved by using the auxiliary tool to match with vegetation.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.

Claims

1. A method for restoring ecology in a hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

step 2, planting the vegetation:

the planting density is set as follows:

step 3, soil preparation:

step 4, vegetation planting:

the herbaceous plants are planted in a way of division or sowing,

step 5, nursing after planting:

wherein the pre-flood treatment comprises the following modes:

post-flood care includes the following:

2. The method for ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, after the vegetation variety is selected, the vegetation is planted and configured in a horizontal configuration or a vertical configuration.

3. The method for ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 2, wherein: when the plants are horizontally configured, the concentrated continuous planting area of the same variety or the same afforestation mode does not exceed 50hm 2; and a buffer zone formed by other varieties or natural vegetation is arranged between two forestation plots of the same variety, and the buffer zone is not less than 50 m.

4. The method for ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4, when seedlings are planted and the seedlings are planted in a geographical environment with soil adhesion and poor ventilation, 1-10 cm-sized gravels or transparent bamboo or wood are backfilled at the bottoms of the pits to promote diuresis and ventilate.

5. The method and the system for ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, planting seedlings and roots, when meeting the geographical environment with soil adhesion and poor air permeability, placing the seedlings in the center of the hole and before backfilling soil, placing 1-3 transparent bamboo or wood or plastic pipes which are higher than the top layer of the surface soil by 2-10cm at an angle of 30-80 degrees between the wall of the hole and the soil ball, and then backfilling the soil in layers;

6. The method for ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4, when the seedling planting roots meet the geographical environment of sandstone or mudstone with a thin soil layer or almost no soil layer, expanding the pit specification of the soil preparation in the step 3 to 110-200% of the original specification, supplementing soil suitable for seedling growth, reserving the pit specification of the planted seedlings to meet the pit specification of the soil preparation in the step 3, and backfilling the soil layer by layer;

7. The method for ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 4, when the seedlings are planted, after enough root fixing water is poured,

8. The method for ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the trunk is fixed by a tripod or a tripod,

9. The method for ecological restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pre-flood treatment in step 5 further comprises the following steps:

10. The ecological restoration system for the hydro-fluctuation belt is characterized in that 6 planting areas are divided according to the method in the step 1 of claim 1, a surface runoff purification pool is dug in each planting area, a biological inhabitation tower is installed in each planting area, the height of the biological inhabitation tower is 1-5 m, a transparent protection box body is fixedly supported at the upper end of the biological inhabitation tower through a support column, the height of the protection box body is higher than the highest water level line, an all-weather 360-degree infrared monitoring camera used for collecting image data corresponding to the interior of the planting areas is installed in the protection box body, and the all-weather 360-degree infrared monitoring camera is connected with a computer through a lead so as to transmit the shot image data to the computer for storage and playing.

Further, the support column is a telescopic support column.