CN111903465A - Roof greening substrate - Google Patents
Roof greening substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN111903465A CN111903465A CN202010576870.9A CN202010576870A CN111903465A CN 111903465 A CN111903465 A CN 111903465A CN 202010576870 A CN202010576870 A CN 202010576870A CN 111903465 A CN111903465 A CN 111903465A
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- parts
- substrate
- food waste
- fermentation
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a roof greening substrate, which belongs to the field of recycling of food waste, and particularly relates to a roof greening substrate prepared by using food waste as a raw material, performing dry-wet separation, fermenting and aging by using high-temperature actinomycetes, inoculating azotobacter and phosphate and potassium decomposing bacteria, and finally mixing with conventional materials such as peat and the like. The substrate provided by the invention is alive, so that the substrate is rich in nutrition and has certain capability of inhibiting infectious microbes, and azotobacter and potassium-solubilizing phosphate can grow and reproduce quickly and provide nutrients for plants, so that the growth speed of the plants is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a roof greening technology, in particular to a roof greening substrate taking food waste as a raw material. Belongs to the field of recycling of food waste.
Background
Roof greening technology is more and more common in large cities, (1) urban heat island effect is relieved, and urban climate is adjusted; (2) the roof plants can absorb toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and the like, retain dust and purify urban air; (3) relieving urban "dry island effect"; the urban "dry island effect" means that the relative humidity of the city is smaller than that of suburban areas; the roof greening keeps the precipitation in the matrix or is absorbed by the plants, and the water in the urban air is increased through the transpiration of the plants and the evaporation of the soil matrix; (4) the noise is reduced. The roof garden can reduce 3 dB of noise and isolate about 8 dB of noise; (5) the urban green land area is increased, and the urban ecological system is improved; (6) the roof greening can intercept 70% of natural rainfall, thereby reducing the pressure of a municipal drainage system; (7) building beautiful living and working environments, adjusting the psychology of people, improving the mental state of people and meeting the psychological demands of high-rise building users for pursuing nature; (8) roof greening provides a new place for social activities; (9) the temperature difference change caused by high temperature in summer and severe cold in winter is reduced, the aging of building materials is effectively slowed down, and the service life of the building is prolonged; (10) and energy is saved. The indoor temperature of the building with the roof garden is 24 ℃ lower than that of the building without the roof garden in summer, and the power consumption of the air conditioner can be saved by 20-40%; in winter, the indoor temperature of the building with the roof garden is averagely 2.4 ℃ higher than that of the building without the roof garden; (11) roof greening can add value to the building where it is located.
In the prior art, the roof greening mainly has the following problems: (1) the raw materials have narrow source range, are expensive and high in cost, can not adopt common soil, and only can use a culture medium; (2) the fertility preserving capability is poor, and nutrient components are easy to lose when raining; (3) the moisture retention capacity is poor and sufficient buffering capacity for the water content is required.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a roof greening substrate taking food waste as a raw material.
A roof greening substrate taking food waste as a raw material is prepared by the following steps:
(1) pretreating the food waste to obtain solid food waste;
(2) taking the pretreated food waste, bacterial residues, livestock and poultry manure and crop straws as fermentation materials, adjusting C/N to 20-40, adding high-temperature fermentation bacteria, carrying out oxygen-consuming high-temperature fermentation for more than five days, and gradually decomposing residual grease in a high-temperature environment;
(3) after fermenting for 30 days, gradually reducing the temperature, and entering an aging stage;
(4) aging at below 40 deg.C, inoculating azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus alcaligenes faecalis, and adding ground phosphate rock and potassium ore powder to obtain organic fermented product;
(5) and uniformly mixing the organic fermentation product, peat, vermiculite and perlite to obtain the roof greening matrix.
Wherein the pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps: crushing the food waste, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and reserving the solid part.
Wherein the addition amount of the high-temperature zymocyte is 0.8-1.5 wt%.
Wherein, in the step (2), the ratio of the food waste, the fungus residue, the livestock and poultry manure and the crop straws is as follows: 50-70 parts of food waste, 20-30 parts of mushroom dregs, 10-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 30-40 parts of crop straws, wherein the parts are in parts by weight.
Wherein, the addition amounts of the azotobacter, the phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria and the alcaligenes faecalis are as follows: 1x105Per g-1 x106Per gram.
Wherein the mesh number of the phosphorite powder and the potassium ore powder is 50-100 meshes, and the addition amount is 1-5wt% of the organic fermentation product.
Wherein, in the step (5), the proportion of the organic fermentation product, the peat, the vermiculite and the perlite is as follows: 20-40 parts of fermentation product, 30-50 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 5-10 parts of perlite.
The invention aims at a large amount of food waste generated in daily life, and obtains organic fermentation product only containing high-temperature actinomycetes and the biological metabolite thereof through high-temperature fermentation of the high-temperature actinomycetes. After the temperature is reduced to normal temperature, the high-temperature actinomycetes are inactivated, phosphorus and potassium dissolving bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria and alcaligenes faecalis which are beneficial to plant growth are inoculated, and phosphate rock powder and potassium ore powder are used as a phosphorus source and a potassium source. Ammonia gas (dissolved in the fermentation product) obtained by fermenting the food waste can be utilized by the azotobacter as a nitrogen source.
The invention inoculates dominant bacteria after high temperature sterilization, maintains the diversity and the benefit of the bacteria in the matrix, the prepared matrix is alive, and has the functions of inhibiting miscellaneous bacteria and providing necessary nutrition for plants. But not a substrate which is only rich in nutrition and is obtained by simple high-temperature compost fermentation and sterilization in the market.
More, peat and the like are added in the invention, so that the mineral powder can be adsorbed and filtered, and the loss of a large amount of nutrients along with rainfall is avoided. And finally, the dry volume weight of the matrix is small, the wet volume weight is 2-4 times of the dry volume weight, the maximum water holding capacity is 3-5 times of the self weight, and the matrix has buffering capacity on rainfall.
The invention has the beneficial effects
1. The organic matter content is high, the nutrition is rich, the substrate is alive, and the substrate microbial environment is excellent and free of mixed bacteria through the high-temperature fermentation of high-temperature actinomycetes and the selection of metabolites thereof;
2. inoculating azotobacter and phosphate and potassium dissolving bacteria, and taking ammonia gas obtained by fermenting ground phosphate rock, potassium ore powder and food waste as a phosphorus source, a potassium source and a nitrogen source to provide nutrients for plant growth;
3. the peat absorbs the phosphate rock powder and the potassium ore powder, so that the loss along with rainfall is prevented, the whole dry weight of the matrix is small, the humidity is heavy, and the peat has a buffering effect on the rainfall.
Detailed description of the invention
Example 1
The food waste is collected, and the liquid and the solid are separated from each other and come out from different openings through shaft rotation compression by using a common solid-liquid separation device, and the residual grease can be gradually decomposed in a high-temperature environment. The solid food waste with the solid content of more than or equal to 90 percent is obtained. Uniformly mixing 60 parts of solid food waste, 25 parts of mushroom dregs, 20 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 35 parts of crop straws, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 40, and adding 1.2wt% of high-temperature actinomycetes.
And (3) performing high-temperature fermentation: making the fermentation raw material into strips, wherein the bottom width is 2 meters, the height is 1.5 meters, the length of the strips is not less than 5 meters, the fermentation temperature is above 75 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the pile turning is carried out once in 3-5 days, the temperature of a position 30cm below the surface of a pile body is maintained to be not less than 55 ℃, and the large pile is piled up after 30 days and aged for 20 days.
After the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, 80-mesh phosphate rock powder and potassium ore powder which are 5wt% of the total mass of the organic fermentation product are added, and azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria and alcaligenes faecalis are inoculated, wherein the addition amounts are as follows: 1x106Per gram.
Mixing with peat, 20 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite according to different proportions, such as the following:
t1: 20 parts of fermentation product, 50 parts of peat, 20 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite
T2: 30 parts of fermentation product, 30 parts of peat, 10 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite
T3: 30 parts of fermentation product, 50 parts of peat and 10 parts of vermiculite
CK: and (4) common garden soil.
And 5 months, after accelerating germination of the rice in the arched shed for 2 days, sowing the rice in flat trays, and covering the rice with a matrix to cover 3000 grains per tray. And covering with a mulching film to preserve moisture after earthing, and removing the mulching film after sprouting. Watering is carried out conventionally without fertilizing. After 20 days (D20), the height from the base of the rice stem to the most pointed end of the rice leaf after straightening was measured, and 6 plants per plate were averaged.
And 7, sowing rice on the inclined vertical surface of the roof in a flat disc manner, and fixing the rice on the roof by using a nylon net. Sowing the rice after 2 days of germination acceleration, covering 3000 grains/disc with soil on the substrate, measuring the total weight, watering the rice with a permeable sunshade net for covering, removing the sunshade net after germination, excessively spraying and watering every other day to ensure that the water in the water spraying disc can be permeated every time without fertilizing. After 30 days the average total weight of each substrate after 6 trays of drying was determined.
Comparative example 1
The food waste is collected, and the liquid and the solid are separated from each other and come out from different openings through shaft rotation compression by using a common solid-liquid separation device, and the residual grease can be gradually decomposed in a high-temperature environment. The solid food waste with the solid content of more than or equal to 90 percent is obtained. Uniformly mixing 60 parts of solid food waste, 25 parts of mushroom dregs, 20 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 35 parts of crop straws, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 40.
Carrying out general compost fermentation: making the fermentation raw material into strips, making the bottom width 2 m, height 1.5 m, strip length not less than 5 m, turning the pile for the first time at a fermentation temperature of more than 60 ℃, turning the pile for the first time within 3-5 days, maintaining the temperature of 30cm below the surface of the pile body not less than 40 ℃, piling the pile after 45 days, and aging for 20 days.
After high-temperature sterilization, naturally cooling to below 40 ℃, adding 80-mesh phosphate rock powder and potassium ore powder which are 5wt% of the total mass of the organic fermentation product, inoculating azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria and alcaligenes faecalis, wherein the adding amounts are as follows: 1x106Per gram.
30 parts of fermentation product, 30 parts of peat, 10 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite, uniformly mixing, and measuring the product quality: dry volume weight 0.22g/cm3Wet volume weight 0.54g/cm3 。
After the test planting of rice, the average height of D20 was 17.5 cm.
Comparative example 2
The food waste is collected, and the liquid and the solid are separated from each other and come out from different openings through shaft rotation compression by using a common solid-liquid separation device, and the residual grease can be gradually decomposed in a high-temperature environment. The solid food waste with the solid content of more than or equal to 90 percent is obtained. Uniformly mixing 60 parts of solid food waste, 25 parts of mushroom dregs, 20 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 35 parts of crop straws, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 40, and adding 1.2wt% of high-temperature actinomycetes.
And (3) performing high-temperature fermentation: making the fermentation raw material into strips, wherein the bottom width is 2 meters, the height is 1.5 meters, the length of the strips is not less than 5 meters, the fermentation temperature is above 75 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the pile turning is carried out once in 3-5 days, the temperature of a position 30cm below the surface of a pile body is maintained to be not less than 55 ℃, and the large pile is piled up after 30 days and aged for 20 days.
After the temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, 80-mesh phosphate rock powder and potassium ore powder which are 10wt% of the total mass of the organic fermentation product are added, and azotobacter and phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria are inoculated, wherein the adding amounts are as follows: 1x106Per gram.
30 parts of fermentation product, 30 parts of peat, 10 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite, uniformly mixing, and measuring the product quality: dry volume weight 0.24g/cm3Wet volume weight 0.56g/cm3 。
After the test planting of rice, the average height of D20 was 17.1 cm.
Claims (7)
1. The roof greening substrate is characterized in that the preparation method of the substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the food waste to obtain solid food waste;
(2) taking the pretreated food waste, bacterial residues, livestock and poultry manure and crop straws as fermentation materials, adjusting C/N to 20-40, adding high-temperature fermentation bacteria, carrying out oxygen-consuming high-temperature fermentation for more than five days, and gradually decomposing residual grease in a high-temperature environment;
(3) after fermenting for 30 days, gradually reducing the temperature, and entering an aging stage;
(4) aging at below 40 deg.C, inoculating azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria, Bacillus alcaligenes faecalis, and adding ground phosphate rock and potassium ore powder to obtain organic fermented product;
(5) and uniformly mixing the organic fermentation product, peat, vermiculite and perlite to obtain the roof greening matrix.
2. The matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that said pre-treatments are in particular: crushing the food waste, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and reserving the solid part.
3. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the amount of thermophilic fermentation bacteria added is 0.8% to 1.5% by weight.
4. The substrate of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ratio of the food waste, the mushroom dregs, the livestock and poultry manure and the crop straws is as follows: 50-70 parts of food waste, 20-30 parts of mushroom dregs, 10-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 30-40 parts of crop straws, wherein the parts are in parts by weight.
5. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the phosphate-solubilizing potassium-solubilizing bacteria and the alcaligenes faecalis are added in the following amounts: 1x105Per g-1 x106Per gram.
6. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the ground phosphate rock and potassium ore have a mesh size of 50-100 mesh, and the addition amount is 1-5wt% of the organic fermentation product.
7. The substrate of claim 1, wherein in step (5), the organic fermentation, peat, vermiculite and perlite are present in the following proportions: 20-40 parts of fermentation product, 30-50 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 5-10 parts of perlite.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010576870.9A CN111903465A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | Roof greening substrate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010576870.9A CN111903465A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | Roof greening substrate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111903465A true CN111903465A (en) | 2020-11-10 |
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ID=73226981
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010576870.9A Withdrawn CN111903465A (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2020-06-23 | Roof greening substrate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111903465A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114342774A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-15 | 深圳大地创想建筑景观规划设计有限公司 | Planting base formula suitable for roof greening of old building and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114532183A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-27 | 叶崇阳 | Method for preparing soilless culture substrate by using food residues and other organic wastes |
-
2020
- 2020-06-23 CN CN202010576870.9A patent/CN111903465A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114342774A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-15 | 深圳大地创想建筑景观规划设计有限公司 | Planting base formula suitable for roof greening of old building and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114532183A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-27 | 叶崇阳 | Method for preparing soilless culture substrate by using food residues and other organic wastes |
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Application publication date: 20201110 |
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