CN111869786A - 一种可以营养脑神经、促进脑健康的脑多肽及其组合物 - Google Patents
一种可以营养脑神经、促进脑健康的脑多肽及其组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种脑多肽组合物及其制备方法与应用。所述脑多肽组合物是由动物脑组织经清洗、细胞破碎、提取、酶解、过滤和灭菌等工序制得，该组合物为液体组合物或固体组合物，包括食品工业的饮品、果冻、压片糖果和固体饮料等，具有携带方便、饮用便利等特点。制备方法中采用了两次灭活的病毒灭活法，保证了动物组织中病毒的灭活有效，确保脑多肽组合物的安全性。本发明所制得的脑多肽组合物具有营养大脑、改善记忆减退、改善注意力集中障碍、缓解疲劳、改善睡眠、预防老年痴呆等作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及脑多肽制品技术领域，具体涉及用于痴呆、脑功能障碍、改善记忆的脑多肽的组合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
哺乳动物的脑组织含有大量营养成分，如下表所示,这些成分能够治疗一些脑功能疾病，已被临床所证明。
| 营养成分 | 猪脑 | 牛脑 | 羊脑 |
| 蛋白质(g/100g) | 10.8 | 12.5 | 11.3 |
| 脂肪(g/100g) | 9.8 | 11.0 | 10.7 |
| 磷(mg/100g) | 294 | 435 | 356 |
| 硒(mg/100g) | 12.6 | 20.3 | 38.1 |
| 铁(mg/100g) | 1.9 | 4.7 | - |
最早由奥地利依比威大药厂(Ebewe)于上个世纪七十年代末期开发出脑蛋白水解物产品，商品名施普善(Cerebrolysin)，临床用于治疗神经系统疾病，如改善记忆减退、改善注意力集中障碍，特别是阿尔茨海默病的治疗(AD、俗称老年痴呆症)，能明显延缓老年痴呆病变的进展，改善痴呆症状，对脑中风、脑震荡、脑损伤、脑动脉硬化、新生儿脑缺血缺氧性脑病等的治疗也有较好疗效。这种脑蛋白水解物，是用猪脑蛋白质经纯化后进一步水解并得到的小分子肽和氨基酸的混后物，其小分子肽和氨基酸的含量分别为15～30％和70％～85％。
研究表明脑蛋白水解物的药理作用与其所含的小分子肽类的多种活性存在量的关系。随着人口老龄化,神经细胞毒性损伤导致的疾病也越来越多。特别足像阿尔兹海默病(即老年性痴呆)、帕金森病(PD)等类型的疾病。大量研究资料表明,脑蛋白水解物(脑多肽)可增加记忆能力,具有神经保护作用,通过动物实验证实,在恢复神经损伤方面有良好效果。在神经退行性病变的组织培养中表环出显著地神经保护作用。
20世纪70年代以来，全球范围新出现传染病(emerging infectious diseases,EID)和重新出现传染病(re-emerging infectious diseases,R-EID)达到60多种，其中半数以上是人兽共患病，中华人民共和国农业部公告(第1149号)公布了常见的人畜共患病，如牛海绵状脑病、狂犬病、炭疽、布鲁氏菌病、沙门氏菌病、猪乙型脑炎、Q热等共26种。据有关文献记载，动物传染病有200余种，其中有半数以上可以传染给人类、另有100种以上的寄生虫病也可以感染人类。全世界已证实的人与动物共患传染病和寄生性动物病有250多种，其中较为重要的有89种，我国已证实的人与动物共患病约有90种。人兽共患病主要由病毒、细菌、衣原体、立克次体、支原体、螺旋体、真菌、原虫和蠕虫等病原体，通过与人体接触、摄入等方式传染给人类，因此，从哺乳动物的脑组织提取脑多肽，需解决可能存在的人畜共患病问题。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种可以营养脑神经、促进脑健康的脑多肽，还涉及一种可以改善脑功能的脑多肽组合物制备方法及应用。脑多肽是提取自哺乳动物脑组织的一种活性多肽，加入添加剂制备成脑多肽组合物，该组合物可为液体组合物或固体组合物，包括食品工业的饮品、果冻、压片糖果和固体饮料等，具有携带方便、饮用便利等特点。本发明所制得的脑多肽组合物具有营养大脑、改善记忆减退、改善注意力集中障碍、缓解疲劳、改善睡眠、预入老年痴呆等作用。
发明的制备方法中采用了两次灭活的病毒灭活法：步骤3)中所述提取温度应高于溶剂本身的沸点，提取时间60分钟～24小时，优选2～10小时，提取的同时应保证病毒的灭活有效。步骤6)中灭菌的灭菌温度为60～140℃，优选125℃～135℃，灭菌时间为5S～30min，优选5S～30S。保证了动物组织中病毒的灭活有效，确保脑多肽组合物的安全性。
本发明提供一种包含可以营养脑神经、促进脑健康的脑多肽的组合物，含有从动物脑组织提取的脑多肽。
其中，所述动物为哺乳动物，选自猪、牛或羊。所述的哺乳动物脑组织，采集自法定检疫部门检疫合格的健康家畜的脑组织，包括新鲜采集和采集后立即-10℃以下冷冻储存的哺乳动物脑组织。哺乳动物脑组织在解冻状态，肉眼观察，呈球状固体外观，血管及沟、回组织纹理清晰可辨，不得有病变、模糊、液化现象。取脑组织，检测其挥发性盐基氮应≤0.30g/kg，优选≤0.15g/kg，最优选≤0.10g/kg。
其中，所述组合物进一步含有一个或多个其他成分，所述其他成分是食品最终形态中允许加入的成分，如果是能够直接口服的成分则没有特别限定，包括食品工业加工中允许添加的所有食品添加剂和其它食品原料。例如营养强化剂维生素、氨其酸(8种必需氨基酸:赖氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸，非必需氨基酸谷氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、天门冬氨酸、胱氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸等)、矿物质(钙、铁、锌等)、DHA、牛磺酸、酪蛋白等中的一种或几种，抗氧化剂生育酚、茶多酚、乳酸钙等国家食品安全国家标准中许可使用的一种或几种，增稠剂卡拉胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、β-环状糊精、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯、富兰克胶、黄原胶等国家食品安全国家标准中许可使用的一种或几种，甜味剂庶糖、木糖醇、蜂蜜、纽甜、环己基氨基磺酸钙、麦芽糖醇、索马甜等国家食品安全国家标准中许可使用的一种或几种；酸度调节剂富马酸、磷酸、苹果酸、乳酸、碳酸及其盐类等国家食品安全国家标准中许可使用的一种或几种；乳化剂辛,癸酸甘油酯、硬脂酰乳酸钠、蔗糖脂肪酸酯等国家食品安全国家标准中许可使用的一种或几种；防腐剂苯甲酸及其钠盐、ε-聚赖氨酸盐酸盐、山梨酸及其钾盐等国家食品安全国家标准中许可使用的一种或几种；食品用香精或香料包括天然香料、合成香料及天然香料的提取物等。
其中所述组合物进一步可制成液体、果冻或固体形式。
本发明还提供制备所述组合物的方法，含有如下步骤：
1)清洗：取新鲜或刚解冻的哺乳动物脑组织，检测形态、气味和挥发性盐基氮，均应合格，
2)细胞破碎：将哺乳动物脑组织洗净、剔杂、细胞破碎处理，制得细胞破碎液，
3)蛋白质提取：加入提取溶剂，加热提取，制得蛋白粉，
4)蛋白酶水解：加入蛋白酶，水解，并进行热处理，
5)对水解液进行过滤处理，即得脑多肽水溶液，
6)灭菌，使其符合食品的微生物限度要求。
其中，步骤3)中所述提取溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙醚、丙酮、异丙醇、乙醇、正丁醇等中的一种或多种联合使用，优选联合使用。
其中，步骤3)中所述提取溶剂用量为1～20倍，优选为2～10倍。
其中，步骤3)中所述提取温度应高于溶剂本身的沸点，提取时间60分钟～24小时，优选2～10小时，提取的同时应保证病毒的灭活有效。
其中，步骤4)中所述蛋白酶是食品工业生产中所允许添加的所有蛋白酶制品，如胃蛋白酶、胰酶、糜蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶等。
其中，步骤4)中所述蛋白酶用量为0.1％～10％，优选用量为0.2％～3％。所用蛋白酶可以是一次性投入，也可以是分多次投入，优选为分多次投入。
其中，步骤4)中所述热处理的温度为60～140℃，优选80℃～100℃，热处理时间1～24小时，优选1～10小时，应保证病毒的灭活有效。
其中，步骤6)中灭菌的灭菌温度为60～140℃，优选125℃～135℃，灭菌时间为5S～30min，优选5S～30S。
本发明还提供所述组合物在营养大脑、改善记忆减退、改善注意力集中障碍、缓解疲劳、改善睡眠方面的用途。
其中，步骤5)得到的脑多肽水溶液可干燥制成脑多肽粉，脑多肽水溶液、脑多肽粉均可用于脑多肽组合物的生产。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1脑多肽饮品的制备
1)取刚解冻的猪脑组织，肉眼观察，呈球状固体外观，血管及沟、回组织纹理清晰可辨，无病变、模糊、液化现象。检测其挥发性盐基氮为0.05g/kg。
2)将猪脑组织用水洗净、剔杂、进行细胞破碎处理，制得细胞破碎液。
3)称量细胞破碎液100kg(取样量：500g；编号：样品①)投入反应釜中。加入提取溶剂异丙醇400kg，加热至≥82℃提取2小时；再加入提取溶剂乙醇300kg，加热至≥78℃提取2小时，制得蛋白粉9kg。
4)取蛋白粉,加入水60kg，搅拌均匀,再加入0.5％的胃蛋白酶，水解6小时(取样量：500g；编号：样品②)。升温至90℃，保温1小时。
5)对水解液进行过滤，即得脑多肽水溶液40kg。
6)取脑多肽水溶液40kg，加入水120kg，再加入食品用香精调味，填充入饮料容器中，灭菌即得脑多肽组合物饮品。
7)病毒灭活确认。
实施例2异丙醇提取步骤(样品①)的病毒灭活确认
①指示病毒株
指示病毒PRV(伪狂犬病毒)：属疱疹病毒科，为有囊膜的DNA病毒；
指示病毒VSV(水疱性口炎病毒)：属于弹状病毒科成员，为有囊膜的RNA病毒；
所有指示病毒感染样品前，病毒滴度均大于6.0logTCID50/0.1mL。
②检测
称取样品①45克，按照9:1的比例加入指示病毒，涡旋震荡混匀后取出2g混合物，用18mL培养基浸提后离心去除沉渣，浸提液除菌过滤，作为零点对照样品，冻存于-70℃备检。将染毒后的样品放置于集热式磁力加热搅拌器中，升温至80℃后，按1:4的比例加入异丙醇，混匀后升温至82℃，保温120min，于加入异丙醇后保温30min取样约5mL，置于玻璃平皿中，然后放入真空干燥箱中50℃继续保温处理30min，使异丙醇挥发掉，然后用培养基浸提取样样品，浸提液除菌过滤后作为工艺过程样品备检。
病毒滴度的检测：按照50％终点法测定样品中指示病毒的滴度。所有样品取样于室温融化后，立即用细胞培养液进行适当稀释，接种96孔板，每天观察细胞病变，记数细胞病变孔数，并记录细胞病变情况。根据细胞病变达到50％以上的病变孔数，运用Karber法计算TCID50，Karber法中直接给出了检测下限，即0.5log10。计算公式如下：
lgTCID50＝xk-[(1/n)(r)-0.5
xk＝实验测定中最大稀释倍数
r＝所有感染孔数
d＝稀释倍数间距
n＝每稀释度下复孔
指示病毒滴度降低值：计算零点对照样品和工艺处理后样品检测值之差。
③检测结果
对病毒的灭活效果结果见表1。
表1不同取样点残余病毒滴度
从表1可以看出，样品经异丙醇提取的工艺灭活病毒后，均无可以检测到的病毒，样品经过工艺处理后使PRV的滴度下降值为4.88logTCID50/0.1mL、VSV的滴度下降值为4.88logTCID50/0.1mL。以上结果表明经异丙醇提取的工艺灭活对上述指示病毒有效，即本步操作的病毒灭活有效。
实施例3水解后热处理步骤(样品②)的病毒灭活确认
①指示病毒株
指示病毒PRV(伪狂犬病毒)：属疱疹病毒科，为有囊膜的DNA病毒；
指示病毒VSV(水疱性口炎病毒)：属于弹状病毒科成员，为有囊膜的RNA病毒；
指示病毒EMCV(脑心肌炎病毒)：属小RNA病毒科，为无囊膜的RNA病毒；
指示病毒PPV(猪细小病毒)：属细小病毒科，为无囊膜的DNA病毒。
所有指示病毒感染样品前，病毒滴度均大于6.0logTCID50/0.1mL，于-70℃保存备用。
②检测
量取样品45mL，按照9:1的比例加入指示病毒，混匀后取出1mL混合物，除菌过滤作为零点对照样品，冻存于-70℃备检。
将染毒后样品置于集热式磁力搅拌器中，开启加热并计时，分别于5min(约50℃)、10min(约80℃)、20min(温度≧90℃)、40min(保温≧90℃)取样1mL，并用9mL培养基稀释，除菌过滤后作为工艺处理过程样品冻存于-70℃备检。
病毒滴度的检测：按照50％终点法测定样品中指示病毒的滴度。所有样品取样于室温融化后，立即用细胞培养液进行适当稀释，接种96孔板，每天观察细胞病变，记数细胞病变孔数，并记录细胞病变情况。根据细胞病变达到50％以上的病变孔数，运用Karber法计算TCID50，Karber法中直接给出了检测下限，即0.5log10。计算公式如下：
lgTCID50＝xk-[(1/n)(r)-0.5]
xk＝实验测定中最大稀释倍数
r＝所有感染孔数
d＝稀释倍数间距
n＝每稀释度下复孔
指示病毒滴度降低值：计算零点对照样品和工艺处理后样品检测值之差。
③检测结果
对病毒的灭活效果结果见表2。
表2不同取样点残余病毒滴度
从表2可以看出，样品经热处理的工艺灭活病毒后，均无可以检测到的病毒，样品经过工艺处理后使PRV的滴度下降值为5.00logTCID50/0.1mL、VSV的滴度下降值为4.75logTCID50/0.1mL、EMCV的滴度下降值为5.75logTCID50/0.1mL、PPV的滴度下降值为4.50logTCID50/0.1mL。根据检测结果可以看出。热处理的工艺灭活上述指示病毒有效，即本步热处理灭活病毒有效。
实施例4药效学研究一
实验目的：本发明对AD模型小鼠水迷宫潜伏期的影响
实验动物：小鼠，清洁级，体重18～22g，购自南京中医药大学实验动物中心。
实验药物：按上述实施例1制备的脑多肽饮品，石杉碱甲胶囊(上海复旦复华药业有限公司)，批号20150902,；Aβ25-35，由美国Singma公司提供，货号：A4559、生理盐水、多聚甲醛、水合氯醛等常规试剂均为市售。
实验仪器：脑立体定位仪，型号：ST51600美国；程控水迷宫，型号：SMG-2中国医学科学院药物研究所制；程控避暗箱，型号：SBA-2中国医学科学院药物研究所制；半自动生化仪，型号：70VB0370法国。
模型建立：小鼠均用戊巴比妥钠(40mg/kg)麻醉后固定在脑立体定位仪上，剪开头顶部皮肤，酒精棉擦拭，暴露出前囟，采用右侧脑室定位，自前囟向后1.8mm，矢状缝旁开1.5mm，颅骨表面向下2.5mm处注射3μLAβ25-35(2μg/μL，无菌生理盐水配制)，假手术组用同样方法注射等体积的无菌生理盐水。留针2min后拔针，缝合头皮。上述操作均在无菌条件下进行。
实验方法：取模型制备成功的小鼠50只，适应性饲养1w后随机均分为5组：AD模型组、本发明低、中、高剂量组(2g/kg、4g/kg、8g/kg)、石杉碱甲胶囊阳性对照组(0.2g/kg)。另取10只同样方法操作但注射生理盐水的小鼠作为假手术组。假手术组及模型组均给予等体积生理盐水。各组均给药20天。术后第3天进行小鼠学习训练(训练方法：小鼠由固定位置入水后，观察其在300s内找到出口到达平台的时间即潜伏期，若小鼠不能在300s内到达平台，则由实验人员引领其到达。实验学习及测试过程保持室内安静，周围实验人员及物体位置固定不变)，每天1次，每次300s，连续2天。
实验结果：术后第6天测定小鼠学习情况，记录每只鼠的潜伏期，作为小鼠记忆学习成绩。
实施例5药效学研究二
实验目的：对AD模型小鼠避暗箱潜伏期的影响。
模型制备、动物分组及给药方法同上。术后第7天进行小鼠避暗箱测试训练。每日1次，连续2天，每次180s。训练及测试过程保持室内安静，周围实验人员及物体位置固定不变。术后第9天测定小鼠学习情况，记录每只鼠第一次进入暗箱时间即潜伏期及180s内的错误次数，作为学习记忆成绩。
实施例6药效学研究结果
实施例4和5的结果表明，与假手术组比较，模型组避暗箱错误次数及潜伏期及水迷宫潜伏期均明显增高，差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05)，说明AD模型制备成功；与模型组比较，各给药组避暗箱错误次数均有所降低，高剂量组、阳对组与模型组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。与模型组比较，各给药组避暗箱潜伏期均有所增加，高、中剂量组、阳对组与模型组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。与模型组比较，各给药组水迷宫潜伏期均有所降低，高、中剂量组、阳对组与模型组比较差异具有极显著性意义(P<0.01)。说明本发明对AD模型小鼠被动回避条件反射记忆功能及空间记忆功能具有一定改善作用，见下表。
本发明颗粒剂对AD模型小鼠水迷宫潜伏期、避暗箱潜伏期及错误次数的影响
注：与模型组比较*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与假手术组比较，▲p<0.05,▲▲p<0.01
本发明具有缩短水迷宫潜伏期、延长避暗箱潜伏期及减少错误次数的作用；证明了本发明具有改善痴呆模型脑组织损伤改善其记忆功能的疗效。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种包含可以营养脑神经、促进脑健康的脑多肽的组合物，含有从动物脑组织提取的脑多肽。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于所述的动物脑组织，采集自法定检疫部门检疫合格的健康家畜的脑组织，包括新鲜采集和采集后立即-10℃以下冷冻储存的哺乳动物脑组织，其中挥发性盐基氮≤0.30g/kg，优选≤0.15g/kg，最优选≤0.10g/kg。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于所述组合物进一步含有一个或多个其他成分，选自食品添加剂和其它食品原料。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其特征在于所述组合物进一步制成液体、果冻或固体形式。
5.一种制备如权利要求1所述组合物的方法，含有如下步骤：
1)清洗：取新鲜或刚解冻的动物脑组织，检测形态、气味和挥发性盐基氮，
2)细胞破碎：将动物脑组织洗净、剔杂、细胞破碎处理，制得细胞破碎液，
3)蛋白质提取：细胞破碎液中加入提取溶剂，加热提取，制得蛋白粉，
4)蛋白酶水解：蛋白粉中加入水溶解，加入蛋白酶，水解，并进行热处理，
5)对水解液进行过滤处理，即得脑多肽水溶液，
6)灭菌，使其符合食品的微生物限度要求。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备组合物的方法，其特征在于步骤5)与6)之间任选地含有加入其它成分的步骤，所述其它成分选自食品添加剂和其它食品原料。
7.如权利要求5所述的制备组合物的方法，其特征在于步骤3)中所述提取溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙醚、丙酮、异丙醇、乙醇、正丁醇等中的一种或多种联合使用，优选联合使用，所述提取溶剂体积为细胞破碎液体积的1～20倍，优选为2～10倍，所述提取温度应高于溶剂本身的沸点，提取时间60分钟～24小时，优选2～10小时，提取的同时保证病毒的灭活有效。
8.如权利要求5所述的制备组合物的方法，其特征在于步骤4)中所述蛋白酶选自胃蛋白酶、胰酶、糜蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶等，所述蛋白酶重量为蛋白提取液的0.1％～10％，优选用量为0.2％～3％，所用蛋白酶是一次性投入或分多次投入，优选为分多次投入，所述热处理的温度为60～140℃，优选80℃～100℃，热处理时间1～24小时，优选1～10小时，保证病毒的灭活有效。
9.如权利要求5所述的制备组合物的方法，其特征在于步骤6)中灭菌的灭菌温度为60～140℃，优选125℃～135℃，灭菌时间为5S～30min，优选5S～30S。
10.如权利要求1所述的组合物在营养大脑、改善记忆减退、改善注意力集中障碍、缓解疲劳、改善睡眠方面的用途。
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