CN111869527A - Scientific cultivation method for konjak planting - Google Patents
Scientific cultivation method for konjak planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111869527A CN111869527A CN202010714730.3A CN202010714730A CN111869527A CN 111869527 A CN111869527 A CN 111869527A CN 202010714730 A CN202010714730 A CN 202010714730A CN 111869527 A CN111869527 A CN 111869527A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a scientific cultivation method for konjak planting, which comprises the following steps: 1) planning a suitable growing area, namely selecting a suitable growing area and selecting suitable growing soil in the suitable growing area; west shadow slope, night tide soil, ditch and river edge field; east river ditches are good; large row spacing economic forest land; performing land circulation by taking agricultural autumn harvest as a period; and secondly, after land circulation, ploughing and waiting for planting. The invention creates a method for breeding improved varieties as supply by using the industrial period on the premise of developing the konjak planting industry by using the konjak planting industry period; the circulating plants are complemented, and physical epidemic prevention is taken as prevention; the developed disease-resistant growth of the root system of the drip irrigation moisture supplement is taken as the guarantee; forming an operation rule of standardized cultivation according to the growth period of the konjak and management according to the growth size law of the konjak; the problems of improved variety supply and cyclic development of the konjak planting industry are solved, and an industrial enrichment mode of high yield and high release of commercial konjak in an industrial period is formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of konjak planting, and particularly relates to a scientific cultivation method for konjak planting.
Background
Konjak is a general term of konjak belonging to the genus konjak of the family Araceae and belongs to yam crops in cultivation; the konjak planting industry period is divided into a first generation seed industry period and a second generation seed industry period; the first generation of seeds has an industrial period of three years, and the second generation of seeds has an industrial period of two years.
The konjak planting industrial cycle is defined according to the growth time of konjak from seed konjak to commodity konjak, namely, three years are needed for growing the first generation of seeds into commodity konjak, and two years are needed for growing the second generation of seeds into commodity konjak; secondly, the method is implemented according to the technology route in the industrial period, cultivation is carried out according to the operation procedure, the management standard is formulated according to the growth rule, the seed ball of the mother konjak is expanded infinitely and the seed of the mother konjak is propagated infinitely and propagated successfully, and the method is the high-yield konjak planting industry.
Because of the long growth period and the unique personality of the growth rule of the konjak, the konjak planting and the industry need to be completed by occupational work after the prior professional technology. Firstly, technology unification is needed, namely, the growth cycle, growth rule, planting cycle and planting rule of the konjak are unified; the method comprises the steps of preventing and treating diseases, selecting a planting area, adapting to the growth conditions of soil, formulating a planting mode and a management method, and enabling the konjac to grow in a normal environment suitable for growth to serve human beings.
For a long time, because of weak species and industrial weakness of the konjak, the konjak industry is just improved to be the leading industry in the next year in parts of provinces, regions and counties in China. However, the policies between development modes, planting modes, theories and practices, practices and technologies, technologies and management, management and industry are not perfect and unified, a plurality of modes, a plurality of technical planting modes and methods are not treated differently, the eternity of the growth cycle and the growth rule of the plant is not determined, the modes and the management modes are different in different areas, and the wrong development modes of annual advocation, annual grasping, annual support and annual collapse occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a scientific cultivation method for konjak planting, which aims to solve the problems that the policies between development modes, planting modes, theories and practices, practices and technologies, technologies and management, management and industry of konjak are not perfect and unified.
The invention relates to a scientific cultivation method for konjak planting, which aims and effects are achieved by the following specific technical means:
a scientific cultivation method for konjak planting comprises the following steps:
1) planning a survival area:
firstly, selecting suitable land and suitable soil in a suitable growing area; west shadow slope, night tide soil, ditch and river edge field; east river ditches are good; large row spacing economic forest land; performing land circulation by taking agricultural autumn harvest as a period;
after land circulation, ploughing and waiting for planting are firstly carried out, and the requirements are as follows:
firstly, taking autumn harvest as a standard, making agricultural clean management in a planting area, including weeding, removing harmful garbage, repairing industrial roads and the like;
secondly, pumping ditches and draining water in the field, airing the soil until the soil can be ploughed, and carrying out three times of secondary ploughing to achieve deep ploughing for more than 20cm, thinning the soil and waiting for planting;
thirdly, performing gentle slope land transverse planting, economic forest under-pile planting and large-field and small-pitch planting ridging cultivation modes;
fourthly, applying about 2 kilograms of phoxim insecticide to each mu of ground before ploughing;
before and after ploughing, diluting two boxes of water of two electric sprayers by 60 g of high-manganese acid powder for soil bacterium killing treatment;
thirdly, performing secondary soil refinement before seeding, and seeding when the soil temperature is lower in sunny days, wherein the requirements are as follows:
firstly, under the premise of soil dehydration, secondary fine ploughing is carried out on sunny days for waiting for planting;
secondly, draining the water in the field according to the size of the field block of , wherein the length is 20m, the width is 1om, the width of the waist ditch is 6ocm, and the depth is 40 cm;
thirdly, draining the waist ditch according to the type of the vegetables on the slope and under the forest;
fourthly, reserving an outer ditch in the field, reserving an outer road on the sloping field, and forming a soil connection moisturizing planting method by using inner seeds and outer pipes;
2) and (3) konjak cultivation:
firstly, carrying out secondary weeding and fine ploughing on planting soil;
secondly, harvesting winter seeds by using commercial taros, finishing a seed taro cultivation expansion period to be a seed taro ordering period, and ordering seed taros to be cultivated according to size classification, wherein the standard is as follows:
firstly, cultivating commercial taros and seed taros and harvesting seedlings;
secondly, when the soil is dry in sunny days, digging while removing the soil on the seed ball surface with moisture, and airing the soil on the ground for more than three hours;
thirdly, sorting commodity taro, bagging in a net, and planting taro, and basketing; the seed taro is divided into two generations of seeds, namely a first generation of taro seeds; the second generation seeds are transplanted in three grades of 200 g to 500 g, 50 g to 200 g and 50 g;
fourthly, in the sorting process, the seed taro has shallow and oval bud pits, no insect and hollow skin, is dug to be damaged, and is lost into fine seeds; the epidermis is black, the insects are empty, the dry basketry is deep in bud pits, and the cucumber type is an aged seed; more than 200 g of diseased varieties can be sold as commodity taro, and about 500 g of fine varieties can be cultivated as seed taro;
fifthly, the second generation seeds are 200 g to 500 g, the industry period is one year, namely the second autumn harvest of winter seeds; about 50 g to 200 g, and the industrial cycle is two years; the second generation seed and the Hemerocallis konjac (young taro) with the weight of below 50 g have an industrial cycle of three years;
4000 plants per mu in one year, 8000 plants per mu in two years in the industrial period, and 16000 plants per mu in three years in the industrial period; the method is characterized in that the planting period of the taro is about 1500 kilograms per mu per year, the planting period of the taro is about 750 kilograms per mu per year, the second-generation planting period is about 300 kilograms per mu per year, the taro planting period is about 150 kilograms per mu per year, and the seed taro planting period is about 60 kilograms per mu per year;
3) and the cultivation standard is as follows:
the first, demarcate the standard as follows:
firstly, taking the ground after fine tillage as a standard, three persons operate, holding a scale rod and a line by two persons, applying lime by a square shovel by one person, dividing the lime from left to right, wherein the width of a ridge surface (planting row) is 160cm, the width of a furrow (drainage management) is 40cm, and lime is slightly used as a scale;
secondly, defining planting rows on the 160cm planting ridge surface, defining row spacing of 30cm by taking 60cm in the middle of the ridge surface as a seeding area, seeding in three rows, and placing quicklime on a lime line scale in multiple ways;
secondly, the sowing standard is as follows:
sowing seeds on flat ground, drying winter seeds in sunny soil, and transplanting fresh seeds;
sowing seeds in a three-year production period and a two-year production period, placing the seed taros at an angle of 40 degrees (preventing waterlogging and lesion of a bud pit), and horizontally placing the one-year production period on the ground;
thirdly, spraying the copper thielavia liquid mist to the seed surface and the ridge surface by using a sprayer after seed arrangement, and airing the seed taro to absorb the medicine on the surface;
thirdly, the fertilization standard is as follows:
firstly, applying fungus organic fertilizer to the seed surface, and then applying insect killing agent to the organic fertilizer;
secondly, applying green manure and farmyard manure, firstly planting soil seed surfaces (covering the whole seed taro as a standard), then applying the fertilizer to the soil surfaces, and then applying insect killing agent;
thirdly, applying compound fertilizer by taking the 10cm positions on the two sides of the planting rows as fertilizer application points, so that the compound fertilizer can not be stuck to and soaked in the seed taro;
fourthly, ridging is performed after ridging, and the overwintering standard of the mulching film is as follows:
firstly, ridging and ridging of winter seeds are not more than 20cm, seedling emergence is influenced by excessive thickness, and spring seeds are ridged by 10-15 cm;
covering the mature soil of the furrows on the seed surface for ridging, so that the ridge surface cannot be treaded, and soil and vegetables are guaranteed to be loose;
thirdly, under the premise of partial dryness of soil, mulching films are covered before the small snow, and the mulching films are preferably covered in the planting action coverage area, namely eighty centimeters to one meter; reserving ridge edges and furrows to disperse soil, accumulate heat and accumulate moisture;
fifthly, sleeving in winter:
firstly, the winter cover is based on the joint part of the ridge surface and the furrow;
the best green Chinese onion and garlic and vegetables are used in winter;
thirdly, the winter sleeve is suitable for two to three years of production period continuous cropping land;
fourthly, covering the potatoes with mulching films in a large scale, and enabling the potatoes and the mulching films to overwinter;
fifthly, interplanting time points of seven onions, eight garlics and small snowfield membrane potatoes;
sixthly, double-sleeve in summer:
firstly, interplanting early corns in spring equinox of the lunar calendar;
secondly, sleeving early corns at the positions 20cm away from the konjac seeds on two sides of the ridge surface and 40cm away from the seeds, deeply digging pits, shallowly sowing the seeds, placing seeds at one end, applying a triammonium compound fertilizer (20 kilograms per mu) at one end, and covering fine soil for 5-10 cm;
③, the lunar calendar is clear and the castor is covered;
fourthly, combining ridge surfaces and furrows, planting distance is 150cm, deeply digging pits, sowing seeds shallowly, each pit has 2 seeds, one seed is planted, one triammonium compound fertilizer is planted, and fine soil is covered for 10 cm;
4) and konjak planting management:
the winter management comprises the following steps:
firstly, according to regional climate, in regions above zero degree, 20cm of ridging is performed on the seed surface for natural overwintering; the mulching film is overwintering within minus 15 ℃, the mulching film is coated at the edge of the lunar calendar in the beginning of the lunar calendar in a high and cold area, and the mulching film is coated in the area within minus 5 ℃ in sunny days before snow and when the soil is partially dry;
secondly, removing the mulching film after the mulching film is padded in the next year after the mulching film overwintering, and carrying out drug weeding;
II, double management in summer is as follows:
firstly, secondary pesticide removal is carried out before interplanting seedlings;
secondly, topdressing and seedling-lifting fertilizers with the height of 30Cm for corn seedlings, mixing 15 Kg/mu urea with 20 Kg/mu triammonium compound fertilizer, topdressing and applying to 10Cm of stems, and taking out ridge furrow mellow soil and hilling over 10Cm to resist lodging;
thirdly, topdressing and seedling extraction are carried out on castor seedlings with the height of 50cm, 10Kg of urea is mixed with 15Kg of triammonium compound fertilizer per mu, topdressing is carried out on stems with the length of 20cm, and the ripe soil in the furrows is pumped out for earthing up with the length of 20-30 cm to resist lodging;
fourthly, before the corns are interplanted on the ceiling, the lower leaves below the height of the konjak leaf seedlings are removed, so that the ventilation and epidemic prevention are realized, and the leaf seedlings are prevented from being cut and diseased by blowing the leaves;
fifthly, growing the castor to a certain height, removing big leaves less than one meter and five and branches less than one meter, facilitating ventilation and photosynthesis;
sixthly, harvesting the corns without cutting the rods and harvesting the corns between the front filling ditches of the konjac;
seventhly, allowing castor-oil plants in 6 months of the lunar calendar to enter the fruit ripening stage, harvesting in batches by using mulberry scissors regularly, drying and threshing, filling the technical stems in furrows before harvesting of the konjac, and moving the main stems and the stem roots out of the planting area (the main stems can be used as edible fungus raw materials);
and thirdly, managing the konjak in the sprouting period and the seedling period as follows:
firstly, the sprouting period of the konjak is from the beginning of spring in the lunar calendar to the beginning of grain rain, and in three months and ninety days, the seed konjak firstly budding, then rooting and then sprouting;
secondly, ground medicine weeding is well carried out in the sprouting period of the konjak, water drainage management is carried out on dry land, flat land and large field, and water is replenished by using a water-filled drip irrigation method below 600, so that 60% of moisture of soil is guaranteed, and the developed root system and the disease-resistant growth are facilitated;
③ the emergence period of konjak, wherein the leaf seedling period is from summer to summer, the seedlings emerge from low-rise and middle-rise in summer, and the seedlings emerge from high-rise later by about one month; the method is characterized in that high temperature in seedling stage and drought are prevented at low and medium altitude, firstly, the early corn blocks light, and secondly, after continuous high temperature is 48 hours after rain, drip irrigation is carried out to supplement moisture, and the moisture of soil is kept unchanged by about 60%;
fourthly, after the seedlings of the konjak emerge and leave, applying thiabendazole copper medicines for chemical prevention; spraying the liquid medicine mist to leaf surfaces and stems in 8 boxes/mu in the cloudy day or in the morning and evening to form stem extending stems which are immersed underground, and preventing seed stems and root systems;
fifthly, performing chemical prevention again in the middle ten days of July in the lunar calendar, applying expanding topdressing outside 10cm away from the konjak on both sides of the konjak planting rows after rain, applying 50 kg/mu potassium sulfate high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer, and pumping ridge ditch mellow soil to hill and cover the topdressing;
fourthly, the soil restoration management in the seedling stage is as follows:
after seedlings of the konjak emerge and leaves are scattered, ridge edge ridging and grass covering management is carried out, and the ridge surface is kept flat as a standard;
secondly, the konjak enters an expansion period, ridge edges and furrow grasses are removed firstly, then additional fertilization is carried out, and then earth and fertilizer covering and grass covering are carried out;
thirdly, spraying quick lime or potassium permanganate solution on the ground in cloudy days in rainy seasons;
and fifthly, harvesting and continuous cropping management are as follows:
firstly, the growth of the konjak firstly finishes the expansion period and then enters the seedling turning period, and in order to reduce the harvesting cost and dig the wounded seed ball, seedling harvesting and seedling removing overwintering management are carried out;
secondly, harvesting and continuous cropping overwintering, diluting 100 kilograms of water solution mist with 60 grams/mu of dry powder potassium permanganate, spraying the water solution mist on the ground, removing seedlings for overwintering and harvesting the commercial taros with the seedlings;
collecting commercial taro seedlings, digging the commercial taro seedlings transversely and inwards from furrow surfaces, and removing seedlings and blocking the seedlings by the thickness of 10cm on the ground when a continuous cropping land overwrites;
and fourthly, after harvesting the commercial konjac, continuously cropping and then planting konjac, performing drug control on the harvested soil for the second time, performing furrow interconversion, and supplementing green manure ditch-filling organic matters to ecological cultivation.
Preferably, the suitable soil in the step 1) is selected from the following soil: the soil property is neutral, the pH value is 6:00 to 7:50, and the soil heavy mud contains sand and is fertile and thick.
Preferably, konjak is cultivated in the industrial period in the step 2), 2000 kg/mu of fungus organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 50 kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used for topdressing every year in a ratio of 6:1: 8.
Preferably, the row-fixing plants are carried out in the konjak planting in the step 3), the plant spacing is determined according to the size of the seed konjak, the plant spacing in the three-year production period is 20cm, the plant spacing in the two-year production period is 25cm, and the plant spacing in the one-year production period is 30 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention creates a method for breeding improved varieties as supply by using the industrial period on the premise of developing the konjak planting industry by using the konjak planting industry period; the circulating plants are complemented, and physical epidemic prevention is taken as prevention; the developed disease-resistant growth of the root system of the drip irrigation moisture supplement is taken as the guarantee; forming an operation rule of standardized cultivation according to the growth period of the konjak and management according to the growth size law of the konjak; the problems of improved variety supply and cyclic development of the konjak planting industry are solved, and an industrial enrichment mode of high yield and high release of commercial konjak in an industrial period is formed.
Detailed Description
The following examples further describe embodiments of the present invention in detail. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example (b):
the invention provides a scientific cultivation method for konjak planting, which comprises the following steps:
1) planning a survival area:
firstly, selecting suitable land and suitable soil in a suitable growing area; west shadow slope, night tide soil, ditch and river edge field; east river ditches are good; large row spacing economic forest land; performing land circulation by taking agricultural autumn harvest as a period;
after land circulation, ploughing and waiting for planting are firstly carried out, and the requirements are as follows:
firstly, taking autumn harvest as a standard, making agricultural clean management in a planting area, including weeding, removing harmful garbage, repairing industrial roads and the like;
secondly, pumping ditches and draining water in the field, airing the soil until the soil can be ploughed, and carrying out three times of secondary ploughing to achieve deep ploughing for more than 20cm, thinning the soil and waiting for planting;
thirdly, performing gentle slope land transverse planting, economic forest under-pile planting and large-field and small-pitch planting ridging cultivation modes;
fourthly, applying about 2 kilograms of phoxim insecticide to each mu of ground before ploughing;
before and after ploughing, diluting two boxes of water of two electric sprayers by 60 g of high-manganese acid powder for soil bacterium killing treatment;
thirdly, performing secondary soil refinement before seeding, and seeding when the soil temperature is lower in sunny days, wherein the requirements are as follows:
firstly, under the premise of soil dehydration, secondary fine ploughing is carried out on sunny days for waiting for planting;
secondly, draining the water in the field according to the size of the field block of , wherein the length is 20m, the width is 1om, the width of the waist ditch is 6ocm, and the depth is 40 cm;
thirdly, draining the waist ditch according to the type of the vegetables on the slope and under the forest;
fourthly, reserving an outer ditch in the field, reserving an outer road on the sloping field, and forming a soil connection moisturizing planting method by using inner seeds and outer pipes;
2) and (3) konjak cultivation:
firstly, carrying out secondary weeding and fine ploughing on planting soil;
secondly, harvesting winter seeds by using commercial taros, finishing a seed taro cultivation expansion period to be a seed taro ordering period, and ordering seed taros to be cultivated according to size classification, wherein the standard is as follows:
firstly, cultivating commercial taros and seed taros and harvesting seedlings;
secondly, when the soil is dry in sunny days, digging while removing the soil on the seed ball surface with moisture, and airing the soil on the ground for more than three hours;
thirdly, sorting commodity taro, bagging in a net, and planting taro, and basketing; the seed taro is divided into two generations of seeds, namely a first generation of taro seeds; the second generation seeds are transplanted in three grades of 200 g to 500 g, 50 g to 200 g and 50 g;
fourthly, in the sorting process, the seed taro has shallow and oval bud pits, no insect and hollow skin, is dug to be damaged, and is lost into fine seeds; the epidermis is black, the insects are empty, the dry basketry is deep in bud pits, and the cucumber type is an aged seed; more than 200 g of diseased varieties can be sold as commodity taro, and about 500 g of fine varieties can be cultivated as seed taro;
fifthly, the second generation seeds are 200 g to 500 g, the industry period is one year, namely the second autumn harvest of winter seeds; about 50 g to 200 g, and the industrial cycle is two years; the second generation seed and the Hemerocallis konjac (young taro) with the weight of below 50 g have an industrial cycle of three years;
4000 plants per mu in one year, 8000 plants per mu in two years in the industrial period, and 16000 plants per mu in three years in the industrial period; the method is characterized in that the planting period of the taro is about 1500 kilograms per mu per year, the planting period of the taro is about 750 kilograms per mu per year, the second-generation planting period is about 300 kilograms per mu per year, the taro planting period is about 150 kilograms per mu per year, and the seed taro planting period is about 60 kilograms per mu per year;
3) and the cultivation standard is as follows:
the first, demarcate the standard as follows:
firstly, taking the ground after fine tillage as a standard, three persons operate, holding a scale rod and a line by two persons, applying lime by a square shovel by one person, dividing the lime from left to right, wherein the width of a ridge surface (planting row) is 160cm, the width of a furrow (drainage management) is 40cm, and lime is slightly used as a scale;
secondly, defining planting rows on the 160cm planting ridge surface, defining row spacing of 30cm by taking 60cm in the middle of the ridge surface as a seeding area, seeding in three rows, and placing quicklime on a lime line scale in multiple ways;
secondly, the sowing standard is as follows:
sowing seeds on flat ground, drying winter seeds in sunny soil, and transplanting fresh seeds;
sowing seeds in a three-year production period and a two-year production period, placing the seed taros at an angle of 40 degrees (preventing waterlogging and lesion of a bud pit), and horizontally placing the one-year production period on the ground;
thirdly, spraying the copper thielavia liquid mist to the seed surface and the ridge surface by using a sprayer after seed arrangement, and airing the seed taro to absorb the medicine on the surface;
thirdly, the fertilization standard is as follows:
firstly, applying fungus organic fertilizer to the seed surface, and then applying insect killing agent to the organic fertilizer;
secondly, applying green manure and farmyard manure, firstly planting soil seed surfaces (covering the whole seed taro as a standard), then applying the fertilizer to the soil surfaces, and then applying insect killing agent;
thirdly, applying compound fertilizer by taking the 10cm positions on the two sides of the planting rows as fertilizer application points, so that the compound fertilizer can not be stuck to and soaked in the seed taro;
fourthly, ridging is performed after ridging, and the overwintering standard of the mulching film is as follows:
firstly, ridging and ridging of winter seeds are not more than 20cm, seedling emergence is influenced by excessive thickness, and spring seeds are ridged by 10-15 cm;
covering the mature soil of the furrows on the seed surface for ridging, so that the ridge surface cannot be treaded, and soil and vegetables are guaranteed to be loose;
thirdly, under the premise of partial dryness of soil, mulching films are covered before the small snow, and the mulching films are preferably covered in the planting action coverage area, namely eighty centimeters to one meter; reserving ridge edges and furrows to disperse soil, accumulate heat and accumulate moisture;
fifthly, sleeving in winter:
firstly, the winter cover is based on the joint part of the ridge surface and the furrow;
the best green Chinese onion and garlic and vegetables are used in winter;
thirdly, the winter sleeve is suitable for two to three years of production period continuous cropping land;
fourthly, covering the potatoes with mulching films in a large scale, and enabling the potatoes and the mulching films to overwinter;
fifthly, interplanting time points of seven onions, eight garlics and small snowfield membrane potatoes;
sixthly, double-sleeve in summer:
firstly, interplanting early corns in spring equinox of the lunar calendar;
secondly, sleeving early corns at the positions 20cm away from the konjac seeds on two sides of the ridge surface and 40cm away from the seeds, deeply digging pits, shallowly sowing the seeds, placing seeds at one end, applying a triammonium compound fertilizer (20 kilograms per mu) at one end, and covering fine soil for 5-10 cm;
③, the lunar calendar is clear and the castor is covered;
fourthly, combining ridge surfaces and furrows, planting distance is 150cm, deeply digging pits, sowing seeds shallowly, each pit has 2 seeds, one seed is planted, one triammonium compound fertilizer is planted, and fine soil is covered for 10 cm;
4) and konjak planting management:
the winter management comprises the following steps:
firstly, according to regional climate, in regions above zero degree, 20cm of ridging is performed on the seed surface for natural overwintering; the mulching film is overwintering within minus 15 ℃, the mulching film is coated at the edge of the lunar calendar in the beginning of the lunar calendar in a high and cold area, and the mulching film is coated in the area within minus 5 ℃ in sunny days before snow and when the soil is partially dry;
secondly, removing the mulching film after the mulching film is padded in the next year after the mulching film overwintering, and carrying out drug weeding;
II, double management in summer is as follows:
firstly, secondary pesticide removal is carried out before interplanting seedlings;
secondly, topdressing and seedling-lifting fertilizers with the height of 30Cm for corn seedlings, mixing 15 Kg/mu urea with 20 Kg/mu triammonium compound fertilizer, topdressing and applying to 10Cm of stems, and taking out ridge furrow mellow soil and hilling over 10Cm to resist lodging;
thirdly, topdressing and seedling extraction are carried out on castor seedlings with the height of 50cm, 10Kg of urea is mixed with 15Kg of triammonium compound fertilizer per mu, topdressing is carried out on stems with the length of 20cm, and the ripe soil in the furrows is pumped out for earthing up with the length of 20-30 cm to resist lodging;
fourthly, before the corns are interplanted on the ceiling, the lower leaves below the height of the konjak leaf seedlings are removed, so that the ventilation and epidemic prevention are realized, and the leaf seedlings are prevented from being cut and diseased by blowing the leaves;
fifthly, growing the castor to a certain height, removing big leaves less than one meter and five and branches less than one meter, facilitating ventilation and photosynthesis;
sixthly, harvesting the corns without cutting the rods and harvesting the corns between the front filling ditches of the konjac;
seventhly, allowing castor-oil plants in 6 months of the lunar calendar to enter the fruit ripening stage, harvesting in batches by using mulberry scissors regularly, drying and threshing, filling the technical stems in furrows before harvesting of the konjac, and moving the main stems and the stem roots out of the planting area (the main stems can be used as edible fungus raw materials);
and thirdly, managing the konjak in the sprouting period and the seedling period as follows:
firstly, the sprouting period of the konjak is from the beginning of spring in the lunar calendar to the beginning of grain rain, and in three months and ninety days, the seed konjak firstly budding, then rooting and then sprouting;
secondly, ground medicine weeding is well carried out in the sprouting period of the konjak, water drainage management is carried out on dry land, flat land and large field, and water is replenished by using a water-filled drip irrigation method below 600, so that 60% of moisture of soil is guaranteed, and the developed root system and the disease-resistant growth are facilitated;
③ the emergence period of konjak, wherein the leaf seedling period is from summer to summer, the seedlings emerge from low-rise and middle-rise in summer, and the seedlings emerge from high-rise later by about one month; the method is characterized in that high temperature in seedling stage and drought are prevented at low and medium altitude, firstly, the early corn blocks light, and secondly, after continuous high temperature is 48 hours after rain, drip irrigation is carried out to supplement moisture, and the moisture of soil is kept unchanged by about 60%;
fourthly, after the seedlings of the konjak emerge and leave, applying thiabendazole copper medicines for chemical prevention; spraying the liquid medicine mist to leaf surfaces and stems in 8 boxes/mu in the cloudy day or in the morning and evening to form stem extending stems which are immersed underground, and preventing seed stems and root systems;
fifthly, performing chemical prevention again in the middle ten days of July in the lunar calendar, applying expanding topdressing outside 10cm away from the konjak on both sides of the konjak planting rows after rain, applying 50 kg/mu potassium sulfate high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer, and pumping ridge ditch mellow soil to hill and cover the topdressing;
fourthly, the soil restoration management in the seedling stage is as follows:
after seedlings of the konjak emerge and leaves are scattered, ridge edge ridging and grass covering management is carried out, and the ridge surface is kept flat as a standard;
secondly, the konjak enters an expansion period, ridge edges and furrow grasses are removed firstly, then additional fertilization is carried out, and then earth and fertilizer covering and grass covering are carried out;
thirdly, spraying quick lime or potassium permanganate solution on the ground in cloudy days in rainy seasons;
and fifthly, harvesting and continuous cropping management are as follows:
firstly, the growth of the konjak firstly finishes the expansion period and then enters the seedling turning period, and in order to reduce the harvesting cost and dig the wounded seed ball, seedling harvesting and seedling removing overwintering management are carried out;
secondly, harvesting and continuous cropping overwintering, diluting 100 kilograms of water solution mist with 60 grams/mu of dry powder potassium permanganate, spraying the water solution mist on the ground, removing seedlings for overwintering and harvesting the commercial taros with the seedlings;
collecting commercial taro seedlings, digging the commercial taro seedlings transversely and inwards from furrow surfaces, and removing seedlings and blocking the seedlings by the thickness of 10cm on the ground when a continuous cropping land overwrites;
and fourthly, after harvesting the commercial konjac, continuously cropping and then planting konjac, performing drug control on the harvested soil for the second time, performing furrow interconversion, and supplementing green manure ditch-filling organic matters to ecological cultivation.
Wherein, the suitable soil in the step 1) is selected as follows: the soil property is neutral, the pH value is 6:00 to 7:50, and the soil heavy mud contains sand and is fertile and thick.
Wherein, konjak is cultivated in the industrial period in the step 2), 2000 kg/mu of fungus organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 50 kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used for top dressing every year in a ratio of 6:1: 8.
Wherein, the row-fixing plants are carried out in the konjak planting in the step 3), the plant spacing is determined according to the size of the seed konjak, the plant spacing is 20cm in the three-year production period, the plant spacing is 25cm in the two-year production period, and the plant spacing is 30cm in the one-year production period.
The specific use mode and function of the embodiment are as follows:
the invention creates a method for breeding improved varieties as supply by using the industrial period on the premise of developing the konjak planting industry by using the konjak planting industry period; the circulating plants are complemented, and physical epidemic prevention is taken as prevention; the developed disease-resistant growth of the root system of the drip irrigation moisture supplement is taken as the guarantee; forming an operation rule of standardized cultivation according to the growth period of the konjak and management according to the growth size law of the konjak; the problems of improved variety supply and cyclic development of the konjak planting industry are solved, and an industrial enrichment mode of high yield and high release of commercial konjak in an industrial period is formed.
The embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Claims (4)
1. A scientific cultivation method for konjak planting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the scientific cultivation method for konjak planting comprises the following steps:
1) planning a survival area:
firstly, selecting suitable land and suitable soil in a suitable growing area; west shadow slope, night tide soil, ditch and river edge field; east river ditches are good; large row spacing economic forest land; performing land circulation by taking agricultural autumn harvest as a period;
after land circulation, ploughing and waiting for planting are firstly carried out, and the requirements are as follows:
firstly, taking autumn harvest as a standard, making agricultural clean management in a planting area, including weeding, removing harmful garbage, repairing industrial roads and the like;
secondly, pumping ditches and draining water in the field, airing the soil until the soil can be ploughed, and carrying out three times of secondary ploughing to achieve deep ploughing for more than 20cm, thinning the soil and waiting for planting;
thirdly, performing gentle slope land transverse planting, economic forest under-pile planting and large-field and small-pitch planting ridging cultivation modes;
fourthly, applying about 2 kilograms of phoxim insecticide to each mu of ground before ploughing;
before and after ploughing, diluting two boxes of water of two electric sprayers by 60 g of high-manganese acid powder for soil bacterium killing treatment;
thirdly, performing secondary soil refinement before seeding, and seeding when the soil temperature is lower in sunny days, wherein the requirements are as follows:
firstly, under the premise of soil dehydration, secondary fine ploughing is carried out on sunny days for waiting for planting;
secondly, draining the water in the field according to the size of the field block of , wherein the length is 20m, the width is 1om, the width of the waist ditch is 6ocm, and the depth is 40 cm;
thirdly, draining the waist ditch according to the type of the vegetables on the slope and under the forest;
fourthly, reserving an outer ditch in the field, reserving an outer road on the sloping field, and forming a soil connection moisturizing planting method by using inner seeds and outer pipes;
2) and (3) konjak cultivation:
firstly, carrying out secondary weeding and fine ploughing on planting soil;
secondly, harvesting winter seeds by using commercial taros, finishing a seed taro cultivation expansion period to be a seed taro ordering period, and ordering seed taros to be cultivated according to size classification, wherein the standard is as follows:
firstly, cultivating commercial taros and seed taros and harvesting seedlings;
secondly, when the soil is dry in sunny days, digging while removing the soil on the seed ball surface with moisture, and airing the soil on the ground for more than three hours;
thirdly, sorting commodity taro, bagging in a net, and planting taro, and basketing; the seed taro is divided into two generations of seeds, namely a first generation of taro seeds; the second generation seeds are transplanted in three grades of 200 g to 500 g, 50 g to 200 g and 50 g;
fourthly, in the sorting process, the seed taro has shallow and oval bud pits, no insect and hollow skin, is dug to be damaged, and is lost into fine seeds; the epidermis is black, the insects are empty, the dry basketry is deep in bud pits, and the cucumber type is an aged seed; more than 200 g of diseased varieties can be sold as commodity taro, and about 500 g of fine varieties can be cultivated as seed taro;
fifthly, the second generation seeds are 200 g to 500 g, the industry period is one year, namely the second autumn harvest of winter seeds; about 50 g to 200 g, and the industrial cycle is two years; the second generation seed and the Hemerocallis konjac (young taro) with the weight of below 50 g have an industrial cycle of three years;
4000 plants per mu in one year, 8000 plants per mu in two years in the industrial period, and 16000 plants per mu in three years in the industrial period; the method is characterized in that the planting period of the taro is about 1500 kilograms per mu per year, the planting period of the taro is about 750 kilograms per mu per year, the second-generation planting period is about 300 kilograms per mu per year, the taro planting period is about 150 kilograms per mu per year, and the seed taro planting period is about 60 kilograms per mu per year;
3) and the cultivation standard is as follows:
the first, demarcate the standard as follows:
firstly, taking the ground after fine tillage as a standard, three persons operate, holding a scale rod and a line by two persons, applying lime by a square shovel by one person, dividing the lime from left to right, wherein the width of a ridge surface (planting row) is 160cm, the width of a furrow (drainage management) is 40cm, and lime is slightly used as a scale;
secondly, defining planting rows on the 160cm planting ridge surface, defining row spacing of 30cm by taking 60cm in the middle of the ridge surface as a seeding area, seeding in three rows, and placing quicklime on a lime line scale in multiple ways;
secondly, the sowing standard is as follows:
sowing seeds on flat ground, drying winter seeds in sunny soil, and transplanting fresh seeds;
sowing seeds in a three-year production period and a two-year production period, placing the seed taros at an angle of 40 degrees (preventing waterlogging and lesion of a bud pit), and horizontally placing the one-year production period on the ground;
thirdly, spraying the copper thielavia liquid mist to the seed surface and the ridge surface by using a sprayer after seed arrangement, and airing the seed taro to absorb the medicine on the surface;
thirdly, the fertilization standard is as follows:
firstly, applying fungus organic fertilizer to the seed surface, and then applying insect killing agent to the organic fertilizer;
secondly, applying green manure and farmyard manure, firstly planting soil seed surfaces (covering the whole seed taro as a standard), then applying the fertilizer to the soil surfaces, and then applying insect killing agent;
thirdly, applying compound fertilizer by taking the 10cm positions on the two sides of the planting rows as fertilizer application points, so that the compound fertilizer can not be stuck to and soaked in the seed taro;
fourthly, ridging is performed after ridging, and the overwintering standard of the mulching film is as follows:
firstly, ridging and ridging of winter seeds are not more than 20cm, seedling emergence is influenced by excessive thickness, and spring seeds are ridged by 10-15 cm;
covering the mature soil of the furrows on the seed surface for ridging, so that the ridge surface cannot be treaded, and soil and vegetables are guaranteed to be loose;
thirdly, under the premise of partial dryness of soil, mulching films are covered before the small snow, and the mulching films are preferably covered in the planting action coverage area, namely eighty centimeters to one meter; reserving ridge edges and furrows to disperse soil, accumulate heat and accumulate moisture;
fifthly, sleeving in winter:
firstly, the winter cover is based on the joint part of the ridge surface and the furrow;
the best green Chinese onion and garlic and vegetables are used in winter;
thirdly, the winter sleeve is suitable for two to three years of production period continuous cropping land;
fourthly, covering the potatoes with mulching films in a large scale, and enabling the potatoes and the mulching films to overwinter;
fifthly, interplanting time points of seven onions, eight garlics and small snowfield membrane potatoes;
sixthly, double-sleeve in summer:
firstly, interplanting early corns in spring equinox of the lunar calendar;
secondly, sleeving early corns at the positions 20cm away from the konjac seeds on two sides of the ridge surface and 40cm away from the seeds, deeply digging pits, shallowly sowing the seeds, placing seeds at one end, applying a triammonium compound fertilizer (20 kilograms per mu) at one end, and covering fine soil for 5-10 cm;
③, the lunar calendar is clear and the castor is covered;
fourthly, combining ridge surfaces and furrows, planting distance is 150cm, deeply digging pits, sowing seeds shallowly, each pit has 2 seeds, one seed is planted, one triammonium compound fertilizer is planted, and fine soil is covered for 10 cm;
4) and konjak planting management:
the winter management comprises the following steps:
firstly, according to regional climate, in regions above zero degree, 20cm of ridging is performed on the seed surface for natural overwintering; the mulching film is overwintering within minus 15 ℃, the mulching film is coated at the edge of the lunar calendar in the beginning of the lunar calendar in a high and cold area, and the mulching film is coated in the area within minus 5 ℃ in sunny days before snow and when the soil is partially dry;
secondly, removing the mulching film after the mulching film is padded in the next year after the mulching film overwintering, and carrying out drug weeding;
II, double management in summer is as follows:
firstly, secondary pesticide removal is carried out before interplanting seedlings;
secondly, topdressing and seedling-lifting fertilizers with the height of 30Cm for corn seedlings, mixing 15 Kg/mu urea with 20 Kg/mu triammonium compound fertilizer, topdressing and applying to 10Cm of stems, and taking out ridge furrow mellow soil and hilling over 10Cm to resist lodging;
thirdly, topdressing and seedling extraction are carried out on castor seedlings with the height of 50cm, 10Kg of urea is mixed with 15Kg of triammonium compound fertilizer per mu, topdressing is carried out on stems with the length of 20cm, and the ripe soil in the furrows is pumped out for earthing up with the length of 20-30 cm to resist lodging;
fourthly, before the corns are interplanted on the ceiling, the lower leaves below the height of the konjak leaf seedlings are removed, so that the ventilation and epidemic prevention are realized, and the leaf seedlings are prevented from being cut and diseased by blowing the leaves;
fifthly, growing the castor to a certain height, removing big leaves less than one meter and five and branches less than one meter, facilitating ventilation and photosynthesis;
sixthly, harvesting the corns without cutting the rods and harvesting the corns between the front filling ditches of the konjac;
seventhly, allowing castor-oil plants in 6 months of the lunar calendar to enter the fruit ripening stage, harvesting in batches by using mulberry scissors regularly, drying and threshing, filling the technical stems in furrows before harvesting of the konjac, and moving the main stems and the stem roots out of the planting area (the main stems can be used as edible fungus raw materials);
and thirdly, managing the konjak in the sprouting period and the seedling period as follows:
firstly, the sprouting period of the konjak is from the beginning of spring in the lunar calendar to the beginning of grain rain, and in three months and ninety days, the seed konjak firstly budding, then rooting and then sprouting;
secondly, ground medicine weeding is well carried out in the sprouting period of the konjak, water drainage management is carried out on dry land, flat land and large field, and water is replenished by using a water-filled drip irrigation method below 600, so that 60% of moisture of soil is guaranteed, and the developed root system and the disease-resistant growth are facilitated;
③ the emergence period of konjak, wherein the leaf seedling period is from summer to summer, the seedlings emerge from low-rise and middle-rise in summer, and the seedlings emerge from high-rise later by about one month; the method is characterized in that high temperature in seedling stage and drought are prevented at low and medium altitude, firstly, the early corn blocks light, and secondly, after continuous high temperature is 48 hours after rain, drip irrigation is carried out to supplement moisture, and the moisture of soil is kept unchanged by about 60%;
fourthly, after the seedlings of the konjak emerge and leave, applying thiabendazole copper medicines for chemical prevention; spraying the liquid medicine mist to leaf surfaces and stems in 8 boxes/mu in the cloudy day or in the morning and evening to form stem extending stems which are immersed underground, and preventing seed stems and root systems;
fifthly, performing chemical prevention again in the middle ten days of July in the lunar calendar, applying expanding topdressing outside 10cm away from the konjak on both sides of the konjak planting rows after rain, applying 50 kg/mu potassium sulfate high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer, and pumping ridge ditch mellow soil to hill and cover the topdressing;
fourthly, the soil restoration management in the seedling stage is as follows:
after seedlings of the konjak emerge and leaves are scattered, ridge edge ridging and grass covering management is carried out, and the ridge surface is kept flat as a standard;
secondly, the konjak enters an expansion period, ridge edges and furrow grasses are removed firstly, then additional fertilization is carried out, and then earth and fertilizer covering and grass covering are carried out;
thirdly, spraying quick lime or potassium permanganate solution on the ground in cloudy days in rainy seasons;
and fifthly, harvesting and continuous cropping management are as follows:
firstly, the growth of the konjak firstly finishes the expansion period and then enters the seedling turning period, and in order to reduce the harvesting cost and dig the wounded seed ball, seedling harvesting and seedling removing overwintering management are carried out;
secondly, harvesting and continuous cropping overwintering, diluting 100 kilograms of water solution mist with 60 grams/mu of dry powder potassium permanganate, spraying the water solution mist on the ground, removing seedlings for overwintering and harvesting the commercial taros with the seedlings;
collecting commercial taro seedlings, digging the commercial taro seedlings transversely and inwards from furrow surfaces, and removing seedlings and blocking the seedlings by the thickness of 10cm on the ground when a continuous cropping land overwrites;
and fourthly, after harvesting the commercial konjac, continuously cropping and then planting konjac, performing drug control on the harvested soil for the second time, performing furrow interconversion, and supplementing green manure ditch-filling organic matters to ecological cultivation.
2. The scientific cultivation method for konjak planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: selecting suitable soil in the step 1): the soil property is neutral, the pH value is 6:00 to 7:50, and the soil heavy mud contains sand and is fertile and thick.
3. The scientific cultivation method for konjak planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 2) cultivating the konjak in the industrial period in the step 2), wherein the fungus organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, 2000 kilograms per mu, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used for topdressing at a ratio of 6:1:8 of 50 kilograms per mu every year.
4. The scientific cultivation method for konjak planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 3) performing row-fixing plants for konjak planting in the step 3), wherein the plant spacing is determined according to the size of the konjak seeds, the plant spacing is 20cm in a three-year production period, the plant spacing is 25cm in a two-year production period, and the plant spacing is 30cm in a one-year production period.
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