CN111816914A - 可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents

可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111816914A
CN111816914A CN202010273102.6A CN202010273102A CN111816914A CN 111816914 A CN111816914 A CN 111816914A CN 202010273102 A CN202010273102 A CN 202010273102A CN 111816914 A CN111816914 A CN 111816914A
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solid electrolyte
secondary battery
electrode layer
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CN111816914B (zh
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洪飞义
戴荣吉
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Kang Na Hsiung Enterprise Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明有关于一种可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构及其制备方法。该方法包括将一正极层镀于一布质固态电解质的一侧；再将一负极层镀于布质固态电解质的另一侧；以及进行一热处理程序，使正极层与布质固态电解质之间形成一第一碳化层，而负极层与布质固态电解质之间形成一第二碳化层。本发明还提供了一种可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构，其依序具有一正极层、一第一碳化层、一布质固态电解质、一第二碳化层与一负极层。由此，本发明的二次电池结构可被卷绕以供使用。

Description

可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构及其制备 方法
技术领域
本发明有关于一种二次电池结构及其制备方法，尤其指一种可卷绕且具软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构及其制备方法。
背景技术
二次电池(Secondary Battery)又称二级电池、蓄电池或可充电电池，目前全世界使用的二次电池大多为电解液的锂电池，然而使用电解液的锂电池有泄漏危害健康及环境与爆炸的疑虑，因此近年来已有业者开发以固态电解质取代电解液的固态电池。
举例而言，中国台湾专利公告第TWI617067B号即提供了一种固态富镁型盐质导电离子材料与制造方法，该方法包括准备一金属镁(如纯镁、氧化镁或镁合金)，以及将金属镁混合于一酸类溶液中，并于温度25℃-65℃作用1-12小时，以形成固态富镁型盐质导电离子材料，该固态离子材料经正极与负极贴覆后形成正极/固态离子材料/负极，即成为全固态二次电池；上述采用镁固态电解质取代电解液，不仅能有效提升电池效能与寿命，亦可解决电解液外漏安全问题。
然而，目前固态电解质电池大多仍处于研发阶段而且无法卷绕，为解决此问题，已有相关业者进一步开发可弯折的电池。例如CN110085904A提供“柔性复合固态电解质，全固态锂离子电池及其制备方法”，该柔性复合固态电解质主要由硫化物固态电解质及其改性物(具有毒性)、热塑性聚合物及其改性物和锂盐制备而得，包含所述柔性复合固态电解质的柔性全固态电池具有良好的机械性能和弯折性、高循环稳定性和能量密度。
CN109786817A提出“固态锂电池及其应用和制备无纺布增强的固态电解质膜的方法”，该固态锂电池，其包括无纺布增强的固态电解质膜、正极、尼龙和缓冲层，该无纺布增强的固态电解质膜包括第一固态硫化物电解质(具有毒性)、无纺布和第一粘合剂；由此，可解决固态锂电池在组装期间易发生短路、无法大量工业化生产、机械强度低等问题。
由于目前市场对于二次电池的需求量极大，因此如何开发出各种具固态电解质的二次电池，并提升其电容量与充放电效率，仍是相关领域发明人思及的方向。
发明内容
今，发明人即是鉴于上述现有的二次电池于实际实施使用时仍具有多处缺失，于是通过其丰富专业知识及多年的实务经验所辅佐，而加以改善，并据此研创出本发明。
本发明主要目的为提供一种可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构及其制备方法，其通过不织布技术使固态电解质的二次电池可以弯折和卷绕。
为了达到上述实施目的，本发明提供一种可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池的制备方法，包含有步骤一：将一正极层镀于一布质固态电解质的一侧；步骤二：将一负极层镀于布质固态电解质的另一侧；以及步骤三：进行一热处理程序，使正极层与布质固态电解质之间形成一第一碳化层，而负极层与布质固态电解质之间形成一第二碳化层，其中热处理程序为红外线处理或微波处理，且于温度80℃-150℃的环境下持续30秒-300秒。
本发明亦提供一种可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构，依序具有一正极层、一第一碳化层、一布质固态电解质、一第二碳化层与一负极层。
于本发明的一实施例中，正极层为镁基金属、锂基金属、钠基金属、镓基金属、锡基金属或合金金属箔片，负极层为碳膜、金属膜或合金膜。
于本发明的一实施例中，布质固态电解质为不织布或棉布，而不织布选用聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或尼龙材料。
于本发明的一实施例中，第一碳化层与第二碳化层为金属碳化物，可例如为碳化镁(MgC)、碳化锂(LiC)、碳化钠(NaC)、碳化镓(GaC)、碳化锡(SnC)。
由此，本发明全固态二次电池可解决现有二次电池因使用电解液而有可能泄漏与爆炸的缺失，并且本发明通过不织布技术制得的固态电解质(无毒性)，让二次电池可以弯折和卷绕，并达到耐高温、可快速充放电功效。
附图说明
图1：本发明其较佳实施例的二次电池经热处理程序示意图
1：正极层
2：碳化层
3：布质固态电解质
4：碳化层
5：负极层
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和有益效果有更加清楚的理解，现对本发明的技术方案进行以下详细说明，但不能理解为对本发明的可实施范围的限定。
本发明的目的及其结构功能上的优点，将依据以下图面所示的结构，配合具体实施例予以说明，俾使本领域技术人员能对本发明有更深入且具体的了解。
本发明提供一种可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构，其包含有步骤一：将一正极层镀于一布质固态电解质的一侧；步骤二：将一负极层镀于布质固态电解质的另一侧；以及步骤三：进行一热处理程序，使正极层与布质固态电解质之间形成一第一碳化层，而负极层与布质固态电解质之间形成一第二碳化层；较佳而言，所述热处理程序可例如为红外线处理或微波处理，于较适合温度约80℃-150℃的环境下持续30秒-300秒。
再者，本发明亦提供一种可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构，其依序具有一正极层、一第一碳化层、一布质固态电解质、一第二碳化层与一负极层。
较佳而言，上述正极层可例如为镁基金属、锂基金属、钠基金属、镓基金属、锡基金属或合金金属箔片；负极层可例如为碳膜、金属膜或合金膜；所述布质固态电解质可选自不织布或棉布，而不织布选用聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或尼龙材料；所述第一碳化层与第二碳化层为金属碳化物，可例如为碳化镁(MgC)、碳化锂(LiC)、碳化钠(NaC)、碳化镓(GaC)、碳化锡(SnC)。
此外，通过下述具体实施例，可进一步证明本发明可实际应用的范围，但不意欲以任何形式限制本发明的范围。
实施例一：制备可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构
请参阅图1，为本发明其较佳实施例的二次电池经热处理程序示意图，即是具有双边镀层的布质二次电池的制备方法，其具有充放电特性，制备方法包含有：将负极层5(碳膜、金属膜或合金膜等)镀于一布质固态电解质3上，而在布质固态电解质3的另一侧则镀上正极层1(镁基、锂基、钠基、镓基、锡基或合金金属箔片等)；布质固态电解质3的基材材料可为不织布或棉布，若使用不织布，则选用聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或尼龙材料；以及进行一热处理程序，热处理程序系使用红外线处理或微波处理，并于温度80℃-150℃的环境下进行30秒-300秒，使负极层5与布质固态电解质3的界面以及正极层1与布质固态电解质3的界面各形成一碳化层2、碳化层4，该碳化层2、碳化层4为碳化镁(MgC)、碳化锂(LiC)、或金属碳化物等可使具有布质固态电解质的二次电池具有高温电池应用特性。
由此，本发明具有固态电解质的二次电池结构，其包含有正极层1、布质固态电解质3与负极层5，且又有两层碳化层2、碳化层4分别形成于正极层1与布质固态电解质3之间以及负极层5与布质固态电解质3之间；正极层1使用镁(Mg)、锂(Li)化合物、钠(Na)化合物、镓(Ga)化合物、锡(Sn)化合物或合金金属箔片，其借助溅镀、喷镀、蒸镀或粉刷等方式形成；负极层5则使用碳(C)膜、金属膜或合金膜，其利用溅镀、喷镀、蒸镀或粉刷等方式形成；布质固态电解质3使用不织布或棉布材料，若为不织布则选用聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或尼龙材料，此布质固态电解质3可执行弯折、卷绕或堆栈等动作。
实施例二：性能测试
各式固态电池：正极/布质固态电解质(代称B)/碳极在各温度条件的平均充放克电容量(充电：12V-1h，充放次数：100)的测试结果请参表1。
表1
mAh/g 锂/B/碳 镁/B/碳 钠/B/碳
-15℃ 961 885 1024
室温 822 638 861
55℃ 348 549 783
85℃ 262 312 400
各式固态电池：镁正极/布质固态电解质(代称B)/负极在各温度条件的平均充放克电容量(充电：12V-1h，充放次数：100)的测试结果请参表2。
表2
mAh/g 镁/B/碳 镁/B/镓 镁/B/锡
-15℃ 885 1110 1008
室温 638 1186 876
55℃ 549 878 772
85℃ 312 710 609
由上述的实施说明可知，本发明与现有技术相较之下，本发明具有以下优点：
1.本发明采用高分子基材固态电解质，因此无需使用电解液，可避免电解液渗漏而危害健康及环境。
2.本发明电池结构均采用环保安全材料，且镁为碱土金属，其价电子数为2，与价电子数为1的锂相比，可提供近两倍电量，再加上镁不会生成枝晶，电池不会有爆炸风险。
3.本发明可达到耐高温、高电容量与快速充放电功效。
4.本发明采用布质固态电解质，因此二次电池成品可以弯折和卷绕。

Claims (10)

1.一种可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池的制备方法，其包含有：
步骤一：将一正极层镀于一布质固态电解质的一侧；
步骤二：将一负极层镀于该布质固态电解质的另一侧；以及
步骤三：进行一热处理程序，使所述正极层与所述布质固态电解质之间形成一第一碳化层，而所述负极层与所述布质固态电解质之间形成一第二碳化层。
2.如权利要求1所述的可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池的制备方法，其中，所述正极层为镁基金属、锂基金属、钠基金属、镓基金属、锡基金属或合金金属箔片。
3.如权利要求1所述的可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池的制备方法，其中，所述负极层为碳膜、金属膜或合金膜。
4.如权利要求1所述的可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池的制备方法，其中，所述布质固态电解质为不织布或棉布，而所述不织布选用聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或尼龙材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池的制备方法，其中，所述热处理程序为红外线处理或微波处理，且于温度80℃-150℃的环境下持续30秒-300秒。
6.如权利要求1所述的可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池的制备方法，其中，所述第一碳化层与所述第二碳化层为金属碳化物。
7.一种可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构，其依序具有一正极层、一第一碳化层、一布质固态电解质、一第二碳化层与一负极层。
8.如权利要求7所述的可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构，其中，所述正极层为镁基金属、锂基金属、钠基金属、镓基金属、锡基金属或合金金属箔片；所述负极层为碳膜、金属膜或合金膜。
9.如权利要求7所述的可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构，其中，所述布质固态电解质为不织布或棉布，而所述不织布选用聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或尼龙材料。
10.如权利要求7所述的可卷绕软式高分子基材固态电解质的二次电池结构，其中，所述第一碳化层与所述第二碳化层为金属碳化物。
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