CN111789006A - Organic rice planting method with green manure returned to field - Google Patents
Organic rice planting method with green manure returned to field Download PDFInfo
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- CN111789006A CN111789006A CN202010772234.3A CN202010772234A CN111789006A CN 111789006 A CN111789006 A CN 111789006A CN 202010772234 A CN202010772234 A CN 202010772234A CN 111789006 A CN111789006 A CN 111789006A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting organic rice by returning green manure to field, which comprises the following steps: s1 green manure sowing: selecting astragalus sinicus, rape and fertile field radish seeds as green manure varieties, sowing astragalus sinicus seeds in the last ten days of September to the last ten days of October, sowing rape and radish seeds one month after the astragalus sinicus seeds are sown, and turning over and pressing the three green manures simultaneously about twenty days before the organic rice is planted; s2 seed treatment: the organic rice seeds are screened. The organic rice planting method of returning green manure to field adopts three green manure of milk vetch, rape and fertile field radish to carry out mixed sowing, improves the yield per unit of the green manure, balances the proportion of the nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like of the green manure, is beneficial to high yield and harvest of rice in later seasons, adopts a coating machine to carry out coating and planting on the milk vetch, the rape, the fertile field radish and rice seeds, directly coats nutrient components on the surfaces of the seeds to form fertilizer films, and after the seeds germinate, the active components are very close to the root systems of the seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic rice planting, in particular to a green manure returning organic rice planting method.
Background
The rice is originally produced in China, and the rice is planted in the Yangtze river basin of China seven thousand years ago. According to different methods, rice can be classified into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice. The rice has various eating methods, such as rice, rice porridge, rice cake, rice wine and the like. Besides being edible, the rice can also be used as industrial raw materials for brewing wine and making sugar, and the rice husks and rice straws can be used as feed. The main rice production areas in China mainly include northeast regions, Yangtze river watershed and Zhujiang watershed. Belongs to direct economic crops.
The cultivation and application of green manure have a long history in China, and China is one of the earliest countries in the world using green manure. Historical experience and research show that the mixed sowing is an important measure for developing the green manure in various ways, properly solving the problem of insufficient seeds, increasing the area and the yield of the green manure and improving the quality and the effect of the green manure. The different green manure varieties are sowed in a mixed mode, the time difference and the space difference in growth of the green manure varieties can be fully utilized, the advantages are complemented, the different growth characteristics of green manure crops are utilized, the vertical shape and the creeping shape are mutually promoted, the utilization of light energy and land is improved, and the planar production is changed into the three-dimensional production; not only can exert the whole benefit of green manure production to the maximum extent, but also can cultivate and fertilize soil fertility, save fertilizer cost and lay the foundation for capturing the high yield of crops.
The crop seed coating is a technology for coating the surface of crop seeds by adhering a liquid coating agent, and the coating agent contains an adhesive, a bactericide, an insecticide, a micro-fertilizer and the like, so that the obvious effects of improving disease resistance, accelerating germination, promoting seedling raising and the like can be achieved, the crop seed coating becomes a link which is required to be carried out before seeding of many crop seeds at present, and the existing coating device has the advantages of simple coating process, easiness in omission and incapability of being continuously used by part of the coating device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an organic rice planting method with returned green manure, which adopts three green manure of Chinese milk vetch, rape and fertile field radish to carry out mixed sowing, improves the unit yield of the green manure, balances the proportion of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like of the green manure, is favorable for high yield and harvest of rice in later seasons, adopts a coating machine to carry out coating and planting on the Chinese milk vetch, rape, fertile field radish and rice seeds, directly coats the nutrient components on the surface of the seeds to form a fertilizer film, after the seeds germinate, the active components are very close to the root systems of the seedlings, the slow-released active components of the fertilizer film have high speed of diffusing to the root systems, can be fully absorbed and utilized by the root systems of the seedlings in time, has high fertilizer utilization rate, can effectively save the fertilizer, can absorb more nutrition in the growth process of the organic rice, is favorable for improving the quality of the rice, and adds an extension tube structure in the coating machine to further improve the coating effect of the seeds, to solve the problems set forth in the background art described above.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an organic rice planting method with green manure returned to field comprises the following steps:
s1 green manure sowing: selecting astragalus sinicus, rape and fertile field radish seeds as green manure varieties, sowing astragalus sinicus seeds in the last ten days of September to the last ten days of October, sowing rape and radish seeds one month after the astragalus sinicus seeds are sown, and turning over and pressing the three green manures simultaneously about twenty days before the organic rice is planted;
s2 seed treatment: screening organic rice seeds, removing bad seeds with empty shells and broken shells, sun-drying the seeds for three to five days in a sunny day, putting the sun-dried rice seeds into a feeding funnel, blowing the seeds into a coating machine under the action of hot air, and coating the seeds by adopting a coating fertilizer spraying pipe to connect a coating fertilizer;
s3 seedling raising of seeds: sowing the coated seeds into a seedling raising field, covering with a mulching film, covering a layer of dry straw on the mulching film, introducing water into the seedling raising field when the rice seeds grow for one month, and transplanting after soaking for two days;
s4 rice field treatment: after the three green fertilizers are turned and pressed, column piles are arranged on the periphery of the rice field, the column piles are connected through bamboo poles, water is put into the rice field, and the rice field is turned over;
s5 seedling sowing: selecting weather with proper temperature for seeding, wherein manual seeding or machine seeding can be adopted, and bird and insect prevention nets are arranged on the pile columns and the bamboo poles after seeding;
s6 growth management:
s601: selecting stem leaf herbicide in the two-leaf period of rice seedling, spraying herbicide for one to two days, and irrigating rice field until the water level reaches 1/4 points from root to top of rice seedling;
s602: fertilizing the rice seedlings with urea and potassium chloride mixed fertilizer in the five-leaf stage of the rice seedlings;
s603: if the field is cracked, the farmland can be irrigated with water once, and the seedlings are naturally dried in the sun from the root 3/4 to the wet state without open water; if the field is not cracked and is moist, the field can be dried in the sun continuously, so that the rice lodging can be effectively prevented;
s604: aiming at the condition that weeds are more in the leaf separating period of rice, secondary weeding is carried out, and a herbicide is sprayed;
s605: applying organic fertilizer once again when the rice is in ear sprouting, and preserving water after ear sprouting.
Preferably, the specific gravity of the astragalus sinicus, the rape and the radish seeds in the fertilizer field in the S1 green manure sowing is 60% of astragalus sinicus, 15% of rape and 25% of radish seeds in the fertilizer field are respectively, the astragalus sinicus, the rape and the radish seeds in the fertilizer field need to be aired for two to three days before planting, the astragalus sinicus seeds are mixed with calcium meptazinate to form a coating, and the rape and the radish seeds in the fertilizer field are mixed with calcium phosphate to form a coating.
Preferably, the coating fertilizer in the S2 is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
10-30 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium mineral powder, 5-10 parts of ground phosphate rock, 0.1-0.5 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of manganese fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of copper fertilizer, 0.05-0.2 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1-8 parts of composite film-forming agent, 5-8 parts of humic acid and the balance of starch.
Preferably, the upper end fixedly connected with feeding section of thick bamboo of capsule machine, it has the extension section of thick bamboo to run through in the feeding section of thick bamboo, the fertile spray tube of capsule is installed to the upper end in the capsule machine, the fertile spray tube of capsule is the loop configuration, encircle in the a week that extends a section of thick bamboo, the one end fixedly connected with feed liquor pipe of the fertile spray tube of capsule, the feed liquor pipe runs through the upper end of capsule machine, the equidistant hydrojet head that is connected with of lower surface of the fertile spray tube of capsule, the shower nozzle direction of hydrojet head is towards the inner wall of capsule machine, the lower extreme of capsule machine is provided with the toper end, the intake stack is connected to the lower.
Preferably, the upper end fixedly connected with protruding cap of a feeding section of thick bamboo, first discharge gate has been seted up to one side of protruding cap, fixedly connected with discharging pipe on the first discharge gate, one side of a feeding section of thick bamboo and one side fixed connection of intake stack.
Preferably, the lower end of the extension cylinder is fixedly connected with a helical blade, the outer wall of the extension cylinder is fixedly connected with a guide plate, one side of the guide plate is fixedly connected with the side wall of the feeding cylinder, a sliding ring is connected to the periphery of the upper end of the extension cylinder, and a rotating cover is movably connected to the sliding ring.
Preferably, the number of the guide plates is not less than six, and the guide plates are arranged in an annular inclined mode at equal intervals and equal angles.
Preferably, the inner wall of the rotating cover is provided with a sliding groove, the sliding groove is movably connected with the sliding ring, the top surface of the inner part of the rotating cover is fixedly connected with a fixed shaft, the fixed shaft extends into the extending cylinder, the lower end of the fixed shaft is fixedly connected with fan blades, and the side wall of the rotating cover is provided with a second discharge hole at equal distance.
Preferably, one side of the air inlet pipeline is fixedly connected with a hot air inlet pipe, and one end of the air inlet pipeline, which is close to the feeding cylinder, is fixedly connected with a feeding funnel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a green manure returning organic rice planting method, which adopts three green manure of Chinese milk vetch, rape and fertile field radish to carry out mixed sowing, improves the unit yield of the green manure, balances the proportion of nutrient elements of the green manure, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, is beneficial to the high yield and harvest of rice in later seasons, adopts a coating machine to carry out coating planting on the Chinese milk vetch, the rape, the fertile field radish and rice seeds, directly coats nutrient components on the surfaces of the seeds to form fertilizer films, and after the seeds germinate, the active ingredients are separated from the seedling root system very closely, the speed of the active ingredients slowly released by the fertilizer film diffusing to the root system is high, the active ingredients can be fully absorbed and utilized by the seedling root system in time, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is high, the fertilizer can be effectively saved, and in the growth process of the organic rice, can absorb more nutrition, is beneficial to improving the quality of rice, and is additionally provided with an extension tube structure in the coating machine, thereby further improving the coating effect of seeds.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general cross-sectional view of a coating machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural view of a coated fertilizer nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view of the structure of the extension cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view of the structure of the rotary cap of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of growth management according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a coating machine; 11. coating a fertilizer spray pipe; 12. a liquid inlet pipe; 13. a liquid jet head; 14. a conical bottom; 2. a feeding cylinder; 21. a raised cap; 211. a first discharge port; 22. a discharge pipe; 3. an extension cylinder; 31. a helical blade; 32. a guide plate; 33. a sliding ring; 34. a rotating cover; 341. a chute; 342. a fixed shaft; 343. a fan blade; 344. a second discharge port; 4. an air inlet pipeline; 41. a hot air inlet pipe; 42. a feed hopper.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a method for planting organic rice with green manure returned to the field includes the following steps:
s1 green manure sowing: selecting astragalus sinicus, rape and fertile field radish seeds as green manure varieties, sowing astragalus sinicus seeds in the last ten days of September to the first ten days of October, sowing the astragalus sinicus seeds for one month after the astragalus sinicus seeds are sown, sowing rape and radish seeds, turning over and pressing the three green manures simultaneously about twenty days before the organic rice is planted, wherein the proportions of the astragalus sinicus, rape and fertile field radish seeds in the green manure sowing are 60% of astragalus sinicus, 15% of rape and 25% of fertile field radish respectively, and the astragalus sinicus, rape and fertile field radish seeds are aired for two to three days before being planted, the astragalus sinicus seeds are mixed with calcium mei phosphorus to form coatings, the rape and fertile field radish seeds are respectively mixed with calcium phosphate to form coatings, and the coating machine 1 is adopted to coat in the coating process;
the upper end of a coating machine 1 is fixedly connected with a feeding cylinder 2, an extension cylinder 3 penetrates through the feeding cylinder 2, the upper end in the coating machine 1 is provided with a coating fertilizer spraying pipe 11, the coating fertilizer spraying pipe 11 is of an annular structure and surrounds a circle of the extension cylinder 3, one end of the coating fertilizer spraying pipe 11 is fixedly connected with a liquid inlet pipe 12, the liquid inlet pipe 12 is connected with a coating fertilizer containing box, the coating fertilizer is fed into the liquid inlet pipe 12 through a delivery pump, the liquid inlet pipe 12 penetrates through the upper end of the coating machine 1, liquid spraying heads 13 are connected to the lower surface of the coating fertilizer spraying pipe 11 at equal intervals, the spraying direction of the liquid spraying heads 13 faces the inner wall of the coating machine 1, the coating fertilizer is sprayed into the coating machine 1 in a mist shape by the liquid spraying heads 13 and is fully contacted with seeds, the lower end of the coating machine 1 is provided with a conical bottom 14, the lower end of the conical bottom 14 is connected with a pipeline 4, the seeds entering the coating machine 1 form a, gradually sinks to one end of the air inlet pipeline 4, and in the process of spiral movement, the seeds and the coating fertilizer are fully increased for a long time, so that the coating effect is further improved.
The upper end fixedly connected with of feed cylinder 2 is protruding cap 21, and first discharge gate 211 has been seted up to one side of protruding cap 21, fixedly connected with discharging pipe 22 on the first discharge gate 211, one side of feed cylinder 2 and one side fixed connection of intake stack 4, and intake stack 4 send the hot-blast to feed cylinder 2 in, blows the seed and gets into in the feed cylinder 2.
The lower end of the extension cylinder 3 is fixedly connected with a helical blade 31, the outer wall of the extension cylinder 3 is fixedly connected with a guide plate 32, the number of the guide plates 32 is no less than six, the guide plates 32 are arranged in an annular inclined manner at equal intervals and equal angles, one side of the guide plate 32 is fixedly connected with the side wall of the feeding cylinder 2, hot air entering the feeding cylinder 2 blows seeds to pass through the guide plates 32, the hot air spirally moves downwards under the action of the guide plates 32, when the hot air drives the seeds to move downwards to the lower end of the conical bottom 14, the seeds meet the hot air at the lower end of the air inlet pipeline 4, the seed mixed coating fertilizer is re-lifted to enter the extension cylinder 3, and after being guided by the helical blade 31, the seeds spirally ascend in the extension cylinder 3 and are contacted with liquid beads of the coating fertilizer again to further improve the coating overall performance, a sliding ring 33 is connected to the upper circumference of the extension cylinder 3, and a rotating cover 34 is movably, the inner wall of the rotary cover 34 is provided with a chute 341, the chute 341 is movably connected with the sliding ring 33, the upper top surface inside the rotary cover 34 is fixedly connected with a fixed shaft 342, the fixed shaft 342 extends into the extension cylinder 3, the lower end of the fixed shaft 342 is fixedly connected with a fan blade 343, hot air entering the extension cylinder 3 from the lower end drives the fan blade 343 to rotate, the fan blade 343 is fixedly connected with the rotary cover 34 to drive the rotary cover 34 to rotate in the convex cap 21, the side wall of the rotary cover 34 is provided with a second discharge port 344 at equal distance, the second discharge port 344 is intermittently communicated with the first discharge port 211, when the second discharge port 344 is communicated with the first discharge port 211, coated seeds are sent out from the second discharge port 344 and the first discharge port 211, one side of the air inlet pipe 4 is fixedly connected with a hot air inlet pipe 41, the hot air inlet pipe 41 is connected with a hot air supply device, and air is supplied to the hot air inlet pipe 41 to realize that hot, one end of the air inlet pipeline 4 close to the feeding cylinder 2 is fixedly connected with a feeding funnel 42, the feeding funnel 42 puts seeds to be coated into the air inlet pipeline 4, and the seeds are blown into the coating machine 1 by hot air for coating.
S2 seed treatment: screening organic rice seeds, removing bad seeds with empty shells broken, sun-drying the seeds for three to five days in sunny days, putting the dried rice seeds into a feeding hopper 42, blowing the seeds into a coating machine 1 under the action of hot air, and coating the seeds by connecting a coating fertilizer through a coating fertilizer spraying pipe 11, wherein the coating fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight.
10-30 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium mineral powder, 5-10 parts of ground phosphate rock, 0.1-0.5 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of manganese fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of copper fertilizer, 0.05-0.2 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1-8 parts of composite film-forming agent, 5-8 parts of humic acid and the balance of starch; active ingredients such as macroelement fertilizer, microelement fertilizer, plant growth regulator and the like are directly coated on the surface of the seeds to form a fertilizer film, after the seeds germinate, the active ingredients are very close to the root system of the seedling, the speed of the active ingredients slowly released by the fertilizer film diffusing to the root system is high, the active ingredients can be timely and fully absorbed and utilized by the root system of the seedling, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is high, and the fertilizer can be effectively saved.
S3 seedling raising of seeds: sowing the coated seeds into a seedling raising field, covering the seeds with a mulching film, covering a layer of dry straw on the mulching film to play a role in heat preservation, introducing water into the seedling raising field when the rice seeds grow for one month, and transplanting after soaking for two days;
s4 rice field treatment: after the three green fertilizers are turned and pressed, column piles are arranged on the periphery of the rice field and connected through bamboo poles to establish a foundation for laying bird and insect prevention nets, water is drained into the rice field, and the rice field is turned over;
s5 seedling sowing: selecting weather with proper temperature for seeding, wherein manual or mechanical seeding can be adopted, and after seeding, bird insect prevention nets are arranged on the pile columns and the bamboo poles, so that rice seedlings are prevented from being damaged by birds and insects;
s6 growth management:
s601: selecting stem leaf herbicide in the two-leaf period of rice seedling, spraying herbicide for one to two days, and irrigating rice field until the water level reaches 1/4 points from root to top of rice seedling;
s602: in the five-leaf stage of the rice seedlings, applying a mixed fertilizer of urea and potassium chloride to the rice seedlings, wherein the specific weights of the urea and the potassium chloride are 60 percent of the urea and 40 percent of the potassium chloride respectively;
s603: if the field is cracked, the farmland can be irrigated with water once, and the seedlings are naturally dried in the sun from the root 3/4 to the wet state without open water; if the field is not cracked and is moist, the field can be dried in the sun continuously, so that the rice lodging can be effectively prevented;
s604: aiming at the condition that weeds are more in the leaf separating period of rice, secondary weeding is carried out, and a herbicide is sprayed;
s605: applying organic fertilizer once again when the rice is in ear sprouting, and preserving water after ear sprouting.
In summary, the following steps: the organic rice planting method of returning green manure to field adopts three green manure of milk vetch, rape and fertile field radish to carry out mixed sowing, improves the yield per unit of the green manure, balances the proportion of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like of the green manure, is beneficial to the high yield and the good harvest of rice in later seasons, adopts a coating machine 1 to carry out coating and planting on the milk vetch, the rape, the fertile field radish and rice seeds, directly coats nutrient components on the surfaces of the seeds to form fertilizer films, and after the seeds germinate, the active ingredients are separated from the seedling root system very closely, the speed of the active ingredients slowly released by the fertilizer film diffusing to the root system is high, the active ingredients can be fully absorbed and utilized by the seedling root system in time, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is high, the fertilizer can be effectively saved, and in the growth process of the organic rice, can absorb more nutrition, is beneficial to improving the quality of rice, and the structure of the extension pipe 3 is added in the coating machine 1, thereby further improving the coating effect of seeds.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An organic rice planting method with green manure returned to field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 green manure sowing: selecting astragalus sinicus, rape and fertile field radish seeds as green manure varieties, sowing astragalus sinicus seeds in the last ten days of September to the last ten days of October, sowing rape and radish seeds one month after the astragalus sinicus seeds are sown, and turning over and pressing the three green manures simultaneously about twenty days before the organic rice is planted;
s2 seed treatment: screening organic rice seeds, removing bad seeds with empty shells broken, sun-drying the seeds for three to five days in sunny days, putting the sun-dried rice seeds into a feeding hopper (42), blowing the seeds into a coating machine (1) under the action of hot air, and coating the seeds by connecting a coating fertilizer through a coating fertilizer spraying pipe (11);
s3 seedling raising of seeds: sowing the coated seeds into a seedling raising field, covering with a mulching film, covering a layer of dry straw on the mulching film, introducing water into the seedling raising field when the rice seeds grow for one month, and transplanting after soaking for two days;
s4 rice field treatment: after the three green fertilizers are turned and pressed, column piles are arranged on the periphery of the rice field, the column piles are connected through bamboo poles, water is put into the rice field, and the rice field is turned over;
s5 seedling sowing: selecting weather with proper temperature for seeding, wherein manual seeding or machine seeding can be adopted, and bird and insect prevention nets are arranged on the pile columns and the bamboo poles after seeding;
s6 growth management:
s601: selecting stem leaf herbicide in the two-leaf period of rice seedling, spraying herbicide for one to two days, and irrigating rice field until the water level reaches 1/4 points from root to top of rice seedling;
s602: fertilizing the rice seedlings with urea and potassium chloride mixed fertilizer in the five-leaf stage of the rice seedlings;
s603: if the field is cracked, the farmland can be irrigated with water once, and the seedlings are naturally dried in the sun from the root 3/4 to the wet state without open water; if the field is not cracked and is moist, the field can be dried in the sun continuously, so that the rice lodging can be effectively prevented;
s604: aiming at the condition that weeds are more in the leaf separating period of rice, secondary weeding is carried out, and a herbicide is sprayed;
s605: applying organic fertilizer once again when the rice is in ear sprouting, and preserving water after ear sprouting.
2. The method for planting organic rice with green manure returned to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific gravity of the astragalus sinicus, the rape and the radish seeds in the fertilizer field in the S1 green manure sowing is 60% of astragalus sinicus, 15% of rape and 25% of radish seeds in the fertilizer field, the astragalus sinicus, the rape and the radish seeds in the fertilizer field need to be aired for two to three days before planting, the astragalus sinicus seeds are mixed with calcium meptazinate to form a coating, and the rape and the radish seeds in the fertilizer field are mixed with calcium phosphate to form a coating.
3. The method for planting organic rice with green manure returned to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the S2 coating fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
10-30 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium mineral powder, 5-10 parts of ground phosphate rock, 0.1-0.5 part of zinc fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of manganese fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of copper fertilizer, 0.05-0.2 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 1-8 parts of composite film-forming agent, 5-8 parts of humic acid and the balance of starch.
4. The method for planting organic rice with green manure returned to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper end fixedly connected with feeding section of thick bamboo (2) of capsule machine (1), it extends a section of thick bamboo (3) to run through in feeding section of thick bamboo (2), fertile spray tube of capsule (11) is installed to the upper end in capsule machine (1), fertile spray tube of capsule (11) are the loop configuration, encircle in a week that extends a section of thick bamboo (3), one end fixedly connected with feed liquor pipe (12) of fertile spray tube of capsule (11), feed liquor pipe (12) run through the upper end of capsule machine (1), the equidistant hydrojet head (13) that are connected with of lower surface of fertile spray tube of capsule (11), the shower nozzle direction of hydrojet head (13) is towards the inner wall of capsule machine (1), the lower extreme of capsule machine (1) is provided with at the bottom of the toper (14), intake stack (4) is connected to the lower extreme of conical bottom (14).
5. The method for planting organic rice with green manure returned to the field as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the upper end fixedly connected with protruding cap (21) of a feeding section of thick bamboo (2), first discharge gate (211) have been seted up to one side of protruding cap (21), fixedly connected with discharging pipe (22) on first discharge gate (211), one side of a feeding section of thick bamboo (2) and one side fixed connection of intake stack (4).
6. The method for planting organic rice with green manure returned to the field as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the lower extreme fixedly connected with helical blade (31) of extending a section of thick bamboo (3), fixedly connected with deflector (32) on the outer wall of extending a section of thick bamboo (3), one side and the lateral wall fixed connection of a feeding section of thick bamboo (2) of deflector (32), the upper end a week of extending a section of thick bamboo (3) is connected with runner (33), swing joint has rotating cover (34) on runner (33).
7. The method for planting organic rice with green manure returned to the field as claimed in claim 6, wherein: six are no less than in the quantity of deflector (32), and deflector (32) equidistance, the equal angle be annular slope setting.
8. The method for planting organic rice with green manure returned to the field as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the inner wall of the rotating cover (34) is provided with a sliding groove (341), the sliding groove (341) is movably connected with the sliding ring (33), the inner upper top surface of the rotating cover (34) is fixedly connected with a fixed shaft (342), the fixed shaft (342) extends into the extending cylinder (3), the lower end of the fixed shaft (342) is fixedly connected with fan blades (343), and the side wall of the rotating cover (34) is equidistantly provided with a second discharge hole (344).
9. The method for planting organic rice with green manure returned to the field as claimed in claim 4, wherein: one side of the air inlet pipeline (4) is fixedly connected with a hot air inlet pipe (41), and one end of the air inlet pipeline (4) close to the feeding cylinder (2) is fixedly connected with a feeding funnel (42).
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