CN111771896A - Efficient low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency low-cost fruit fly attractant and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fruit fly attractant comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of fruit fermentation liquor, 70-90 parts of clear water, 0.1-0.5 part of alkaloid and 0.1-0.5 part of sodium benzoate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) crushing fruits, placing in a fermentation container, naturally fermenting at 25-30 deg.C for 36-48h, squeezing, and filtering to obtain fruit fermentation liquid; (2) adding clear water into the fruit fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) for dilution to obtain a diluent; (3) and (3) adding alkaloid and sodium benzoate into the diluent obtained in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain the drosophila melanogaster attractant. The attractant has the characteristics of strong attracting capability, long validity period, organic environmental protection, low cost and simple preparation method.

Description

Efficient low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fruit fly trapping and killing agent and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a high-efficiency low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Drosophila (drosophilid or drosophilid), sometimes also called fruitfly, is an insect of the order Diptera, Oligochaeta, Drosophila.

Fruit flies are common pests in agriculture and are often killed in the agricultural production process. At present, the most adopted mode is a mode of killing pesticides, and the pesticide has quick response and lasting effect. However, pesticide killing has more problems, firstly, manual spraying is needed, and time and labor are wasted; meanwhile, pesticide has become a great harm to modern human health, pesticide residue and environmental pollution have become the problem that people have a tiger change, and particularly, the fruits and vegetables are not suitable for cleaning and direct eating. Therefore, reducing the use of pesticides has become more and more urgent in agricultural production processes.

The fruit fly trapping and killing agent is a novel fly killing preparation, can induce fruit flies to eat, and kills the fruit flies by virtue of killing components doped in the fruit fly trapping and killing agent, so that the problem of manual spraying is solved, and the dependence on labor force is reduced. Although the fruit fly attractant has been widely studied, there are still many problems with the current common fruit fly attractant, for example, patent CN201510416263.5 discloses a fruit fly attractant and a method for making the same, which attracts and kills fruit flies by using a mixture of fermentation product of leftover materials of fruits and vegetables, vinegar and sweetener as an attracting component, and adding insecticide as an insecticidal component; however, it still does not solve the problem of pesticide residue, in which the pesticide remains a harmful component harmful to health, and in this technology, its induction ability is insufficient, and the applicant has studied and found that the fermented product is obtained by using fruits, food processing leftovers and vegetables as fermentation raw materials, and the fermented product has not strong attraction ability to fruit flies even containing a component for repelling fruit flies due to defects in the preparation process and formulation, but has found that its attraction ability to fruit flies is still limited despite the addition of sweeteners and vinegar in the formulation. However, although patent CN201410222524.5 discloses a drosophila attractant and a preparation method thereof, and specifically discloses that the traditional insecticide is replaced by alkaloid, which reduces the pollution to the environment and the harm to human health, it does not disclose specific attractant substances, and the attractant ability of drosophila is unknown. The strong attraction ability is used as a precondition for killing the fruit fly trapping agent, and how to improve the attraction ability is urgent to be explored and improved in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency low-cost fruit fly attractant and a preparation method thereof. The attractant has the characteristics of strong attracting capability, long validity period, organic environmental protection, low cost and simple preparation method.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the efficient low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent includes fruit fermented liquid 10-30 weight portions, clear water 70-90 weight portions, alkaloid 0.1-0.5 weight portion and sodium benzoate 0.1-0.5 weight portion.

The efficient and low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent comprises, by weight, 15-25 parts of fruit fermentation liquor, 75-85 parts of clear water, 0.1-0.3 part of alkaloid and 0.1-0.3 part of sodium benzoate.

The efficient and low-cost fruit fly attractant comprises, by weight, 20 parts of fruit fermentation liquor, 80 parts of clear water, 0.2 part of alkaloid and 0.2 part of sodium benzoate.

According to the efficient low-cost fruit fly attractant, the fruit fermentation liquid is prepared by fermenting the fruits with aromatic odor which are discarded due to falling, damage or slight deterioration in the production, carrying, storage or sale processes, wherein the content of the berry fruits with heavy aromatic odor is more than or equal to 40%.

The efficient and low-cost fruit fly attractant is characterized in that the aromatic fruit comprises any of grapes, blueberries, loquats, mangoes, apples, pineapples, strawberries or waxberries.

In the efficient and low-cost fruit fly attractant, the alkaloid is one or more of azadirachtin, nicotine, ephedrine or matrine.

In the efficient low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent, the alkaloid is matrine.

The preparation method of the efficient low-cost fruit fly attractant comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing fruits, placing in a fermentation container, naturally fermenting at 25-30 deg.C for 36-48h, squeezing, and filtering to obtain fruit fermentation liquid;

(2) adding clear water into the fruit fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) for dilution to obtain a diluent;

(3) and (3) adding alkaloid and sodium benzoate into the diluent obtained in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain the drosophila melanogaster attractant.

According to the preparation method of the efficient and low-cost fruit fly attractant, the fermentation container is an open fermentation container.

The invention has the advantages of

1. The fruit fly attractant is prepared by taking pure fruits as fermentation liquor raw materials and mixing the fermentation liquor with alkaloid, and has strong attraction capacity; in the invention, the difficulty lies in the research of the favorite smell of the fruit flies, and the selection, the proportion and the preparation process of the raw materials of the corresponding attractant; in the invention, in order to further improve the luring capability, the preferable fruit types are fruits with aromatic odor, particularly fruits with berry odor such as grapes, blueberries, loquats and the like, the aromatic odor substances in the fruits are converted into odor substances which are favored by fruit flies through a reasonable fermentation process, and finally the fruit fly attractant is obtained through reasonable proportioning, so that the fruit fly attractant has the advantage of strong luring capability;

2. the effective period of the attractant prepared by the invention can be more than 20 days, and the cost and the labor investment for updating the attractant can be reduced; (in the test, dead insect bodies and bacteria infection are found to occur easily after 20 days because of high temperature)

3. The trapping agent disclosed by the invention adopts the fruits which are discarded due to falling, damage or slight deterioration in the production, transportation, storage or sale processes as raw materials, so that the preparation cost of the trapping agent is reduced, the discarded fruits are recovered, the pollution of the discarded fruits to the environment is reduced, and the fermented and filtered filter residues can be used as organic fertilizer raw materials, so that the benefit is increased. The attractant takes the fruit fermentation liquor as an attracting component and takes the alkaloid as an insecticidal component, and the attractant has the advantages of low combined toxicity, small environmental pollution and organic environmental protection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the daily trapping number of different trapping agents;

FIG. 2 shows the daily trapping number of different trapping agents;

FIG. 3 shows the daily trapping numbers of different trapping agents.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Examples of the invention

Example 1: the efficient and low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent includes fruit fermented liquid 10 weight portions, clear water 70 weight portions, alkaloid 0.1 weight portions and sodium benzoate 0.1 weight portions. The fruit fermentation liquor is prepared by fermenting fruits with aromatic odor discarded due to falling, damage or slight deterioration in the production, transportation, storage or sale processes, wherein the content of berry fruits with heavy aromatic odor is more than or equal to 40%. The fragrant fruits are grape and blueberry mixed in any ratio. The alkaloid is matrine.

Example 2: the efficient and low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent includes fruit fermented liquid 30 weight portions, clear water 90 weight portions, alkaloid 0.5 weight portions and sodium benzoate 0.5 weight portions. The fruit fermentation liquor is prepared by fermenting fruits with aromatic odor discarded due to falling, damage or slight deterioration in the production, transportation, storage or sale processes, wherein the content of berry fruits with heavy aromatic odor is more than or equal to 40%. The fragrant fruit is prepared by mixing loquat and mango at any ratio. The alkaloid is nimbin.

Example 3: the efficient and low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent includes fruit fermented liquid 15 weight portions, clear water 75 weight portions, alkaloid 0.1 weight portions and sodium benzoate 0.1 weight portions. The fruit fermentation liquor is prepared by fermenting fruits with aromatic odor discarded due to falling, damage or slight deterioration in the production, transportation, storage or sale processes, wherein the content of berry fruits with heavy aromatic odor is more than or equal to 40%. The fragrant fruit is mixture of apple and pineapple in any ratio. The alkaloid is nicotine.

Example 4: the efficient and low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent includes fruit fermented liquid 25 weight portions, clear water 85 weight portions, alkaloid 0.3 weight portions and sodium benzoate 0.3 weight portions. The fruit fermentation liquor is prepared by fermenting fruits with aromatic odor discarded due to falling, damage or slight deterioration in the production, transportation, storage or sale processes, wherein the content of berry fruits with heavy aromatic odor is more than or equal to 40%. The fragrant fruits are mixed by strawberry and waxberry in any ratio. The alkaloid is ephedrine.

Example 5: the efficient and low-cost fruit fly trapping and killing agent includes fruit fermented liquid 20 weight portions, clear water 80 weight portions, alkaloid 0.2 weight portions and sodium benzoate 0.2 weight portions. The fruit fermentation liquor is prepared by fermenting fruits with aromatic odor discarded due to falling, damage or slight deterioration in the production, transportation, storage or sale processes, wherein the content of berry fruits with heavy aromatic odor is more than or equal to 40%. The aromatic fruit is a mixture of grape, blueberry, loquat, mango, apple, pineapple, strawberry and waxberry in any ratio. The alkaloid is nimbin, nicotine, ephedrine and matrine mixed at any ratio.

Example 6: a preparation method of a high-efficiency low-cost fruit fly attractant comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing fruits, placing in a placed fermentation container, naturally fermenting at 25 ℃ for 48h, and then extruding and filtering to obtain fruit fermentation liquor;

(2) adding clear water into the fruit fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) for dilution to obtain a diluent;

(3) and (3) adding alkaloid and sodium benzoate into the diluent obtained in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain the drosophila melanogaster attractant.

Example 7: a preparation method of a high-efficiency low-cost fruit fly attractant comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing fruits, placing in a placed fermentation container, naturally fermenting at 30 ℃ for 36h, and then extruding and filtering to obtain fruit fermentation liquor;

(2) adding clear water into the fruit fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) for dilution to obtain a diluent;

(3) and (3) adding alkaloid and sodium benzoate into the diluent obtained in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain the drosophila melanogaster attractant.

In order to clarify the effect of the invention, after consulting relevant literature information reported in the open, 8 different formulations of fruit fly trapping and killing agents and the invention are compared and tested, the test adopts a waste mineral water bottle, 4 long-strip trapping holes of 2 multiplied by 0.5cm are cut at the upper part of the bottle, 200ml of trapping and killing agent is filled in the bottle, 3 times of trapping and killing agent are set for each treatment, 1 trapping and killing bottle is set for each time of trapping and killing agent, and the bottle is placed in the same environment. The total duration was 26 days (from 11 days at 7 months to 5 days at 8 months), and the worm counts were collected at 8 o' clock each day, with the exception of treatment 9, which was replaced every 10 days. Table 1 shows the different attractant formulations. Compared with 8 trapping agents, the invention has several characteristics:

1. strong attraction ability

Although the odor substances formed by different components and proportions are different, the properties of the odor substances are not changed, and the odor substances are based on the volatilization of wine and vinegar. Table 2 and figures 1-3 show that the luring ability of the freshly prepared luring agent is still quite effective, the luring ability of 8 luring agents is 15.5 lures on the 1 st scale and still reaches 13.3 lures on the second day, but the luring ability is rapidly reduced after the 4 th day as the time is prolonged, the average luring ability of each formula is only 5.1-12.6 lures, while the average luring ability of the invention reaches 23.2 lures, the average of the first 3 scales is more 45.7 lures, which is more than 3 times that of the rest luring agents.

2. Has long effective time

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2 and FIGS. 1 to 3, the 8 trapping agents containing alcohol component have a general effective period of 5 to 7 days due to the high alcohol volatilization speed, and can reach 10 days due to the fruit juice component. The luring ability of the fruit and vegetable leftovers is far higher than that of the rest 7 formulas, the average luring insect number in the first 3 days reaches 30, and a very important reason for sudden drop is that the fruit and vegetable leftovers begin to go bad in the 4 th day. The luring ability of the invention is reduced along with the increase of time, on one hand, the luring ability is reduced slowly, on the other hand, even if the luring ability is reduced, the luring ability is still strong, for example, after 15 days, the average luring number of insects reaches 11.2. After 20 days, the insect-attracting capacity is reduced quickly, and although the preservative is added, the temperature is high, dead insect bodies and bacterial infection cause the mildew of the attractant.

As can be seen from Table 1, the main components of the 8 fruit fly trapping and killing agents reported in the literature are mainly sugar, vinegar and wine, the main difference is that the components with different proportions and partial components such as essence, orange juice and the like are adjusted, basically, the components are not fundamentally changed, the components are still mixtures of a plurality of different components, the artificial mixed smell mainly comprising volatile vinegar and wine is formed, the components of the fragrant substances are simple, the volatilization speed is high, the trapping ability is lost along with the continuous volatilization of the vinegar or the wine, and as can be clearly seen from Table 2 and figure 1, the number of the trapped insects is rapidly reduced after 3 to 4 days.

The fruit juice is mainly prepared by mixing berries with aromatic odor with other fruits and naturally fermenting, has various natural mature aromatic substances of the fruits, and can generate some new compounds after fermentation, and the aromatic substances produced when the fruits are mature have strong attraction on fruit flies, so that the fruits are damaged by the fruit flies. In other words, the drosophila is selective to fruits (or the odor of fruits), the most important selection point is reproduction, namely, the convenience of egg laying and larva growth, which is the reason for selecting fruits such as berries, waxberries and the like by the drosophila, and compared with the undefined formula of fruit and vegetable leftovers, the reason and the key point for emphasizing the matching of fruit types are also provided by the invention. The taste generated by slight fermentation of the mature fruits provides fruit maturity signals for the fruit flies, is suitable for hatching and larva growth, and greatly improves the luring property of the fruit flies. Moreover, the odor substances generated by fruit ripening and fermentation are complex in composition and are not comparable to those generated by simply mixing several substances manually.

Secondly, the formula of common sugar, wine and vinegar (or some essences) mainly simulates the smell of fruit fermentation artificially, but the ingredients are single and are mixtures, the wine and the vinegar are easy to volatilize and lose attraction capability, while the fruit fermentation liquid is a plurality of compounds synthesized, the volatilization is only the reduction of the quantity of aroma substances, and no ingredients are lost, and compared with the artificial mixtures, the fruit fermentation liquid can still have the smell attraction capability within a longer time (table 2, figures 1-3).

TABLE 1 comparative experimental design of Drosophila luring and killing agent with different formulations

Note: in the table, the other proportions are by weight, except for the units indicated

TABLE 2 comparison of the insect-attracting effect of different fruit fly trapping and killing agents

TABLE 2

TABLE 2

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A high-efficiency low-cost fruit fly attractant is characterized in that: comprises (by weight parts) fruit fermentation liquid 10-30, clear water 70-90, alkaloid 0.1-0.5 and sodium benzoate 0.1-0.5.

2. The efficient low-cost drosophila attractant of claim 1, wherein: the trapping and killing agent comprises, by weight, 15-25 parts of fruit fermentation liquor, 75-85 parts of clear water, 0.1-0.3 part of alkaloid and 0.1-0.3 part of sodium benzoate.

3. The efficient low-cost drosophila attractant of claim 2, wherein: the attractant comprises, by weight, 20 parts of fruit fermentation liquor, 80 parts of clear water, 0.2 part of alkaloid and 0.2 part of sodium benzoate.

4. The efficient low-cost drosophila attractant of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the fruit fermentation liquor is prepared by fermenting fruits with aromatic odor discarded due to falling, damage or slight deterioration in the production, transportation, storage or sale processes, wherein the content of berry fruits with heavy aromatic odor is more than or equal to 40%.

5. The efficient low-cost drosophila attractant of claim 4, wherein: the aromatic fruit comprises any of grape, blueberry, loquat, mango, apple, pineapple, strawberry or waxberry.

6. The efficient low-cost drosophila attractant of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the alkaloid is one or more of azadirachtin, nicotine, ephedrine or matrine.

7. The efficient low-cost drosophila attractant of claim 6, wherein: the alkaloid is matrine.

8. A method for preparing the efficient low-cost fruit fly attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing fruits, placing in a fermentation container, naturally fermenting at 25-30 deg.C for 36-48h, squeezing, and filtering to obtain fruit fermentation liquid;

(2) adding clear water into the fruit fermentation liquor obtained in the step (1) for dilution to obtain a diluent;

(3) and (3) adding alkaloid and sodium benzoate into the diluent obtained in the step (2), and uniformly stirring to obtain the drosophila melanogaster attractant.

9. The method for preparing the efficient low-cost fruit fly attractant of claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation container is an open type fermentation container.

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