CN111757899A - 对热变形和撕裂伸长率具有优异耐受性的基于聚氨酯的聚合物材料 - Google Patents
对热变形和撕裂伸长率具有优异耐受性的基于聚氨酯的聚合物材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111757899A CN111757899A CN201980014867.3A CN201980014867A CN111757899A CN 111757899 A CN111757899 A CN 111757899A CN 201980014867 A CN201980014867 A CN 201980014867A CN 111757899 A CN111757899 A CN 111757899A
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备聚氨酯材料的方法,其中将(a)二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯,(b)具有对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的氢原子的化合物,其不包括任何具有碳碳双键的化合物,(c)包含至少一个碳碳双键的化合物,(d)任选地,加速氨基甲酸酯反应的催化剂和(e)任选地,其他助剂和添加剂混合以形成反应混合物,然后在大于120℃的温度下固化。其中具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的化合物(b)平均每分子具有至少1.5个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢基团,且具有碳碳双键的化合物(c)包括(c1)具有至少一个碳碳双键和至少一个选自对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团或异氰酸酯基团的基团的化合物,和/或(c2)具有至少两个碳碳双键的化合物。反应混合物被稳定到这样的程度,使得在将组分(a)至(c)以及,如果存在,(d)和(e)在室温下混合、注射到温控至80℃的尺寸为20cm×30cm×0.4cm的金属模具中、60分钟后脱模并冷却至室温之后获得的聚氨酯材料具有某一热变形温度(根据DIN EN ISO 75在0.45MPa外部纤维应力下的三点弯曲),所述热变形温度比同样制备的在制备后另外在炉中在150℃下热处理120分钟随后冷却至室温的聚氨酯材料的热变形温度低至少15℃。本发明还涉及可通过此类方法获得的聚氨酯材料,以及所述聚氨酯材料、特别是聚氨酯纤维复合材料作为结构部件的用途。
Description
本发明涉及制备聚氨酯材料的方法,其中将(a)二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯;(b)具有对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的氢原子的化合物,其不包括具有碳碳双键的化合物;(c)包含至少一个碳碳双键的化合物;(d)任选地,加速氨基甲酸酯反应的催化剂;和(e)任选地,其他助剂和添加剂混合得到反应混合物,然后将混合物在高于120℃的温度下硬化,其中具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的化合物(b)平均每分子具有至少1.5个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢基团,且具有碳碳双键的化合物(c)包括(c1)具有至少一个碳碳双键和至少一个选自对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团或异氰酸酯基团的基团的该类型化合物和/或(c2)具有至少两个碳碳双键的化合物,并且其中反应混合物已经被稳定到这样的程度:当将组分(a)至(c)以及,如果存在,(d)和(e)在室温下混合,然后将混合物注射至温度控制在80℃的尺寸为20cm×30cm×0.4cm的金属模具中,然后60分钟后脱模并冷却至室温时,所得的聚氨酯材料的热变形温度(根据DIN EN ISO 75在0.45MPa外部纤维应力下的三点弯曲)比同样制备的在制备方法后在烘箱中在150℃下再热调节120分钟然后冷却至室温的聚氨酯材料的热变形温度低至少15℃。本发明还涉及可通过此方法获得的聚氨酯材料,以及所述聚氨酯材料、特别是聚氨酯纤维复合材料作为结构部件的用途。
聚氨酯材料用途广泛,但其高温使用性能经常需要改进。聚氨酯纤维复合材料是已知的,并且通常通过拉挤成型、纤维缠绕工艺或浸渍工艺(例如真空灌注或RTM)获得。所得的纤维复合材料具有比较低的重量、高的硬度和刚度、高的耐腐蚀性和良好的可加工性。聚氨酯纤维复合材料用作例如车辆构造中的外部车体部件、船体、桅杆(例如动力桅杆(power mast)或电报桅杆(telegraph mast)),或用作风力涡轮机的转子叶片。
当前的趋势是用塑料代替金属,例如在建筑工业中作为承重部件,或在车辆构造中作为车体部件。对于这些目的,基于聚氨酯的材料经常是有吸引力的。这些基于聚氨酯的材料的缺点是,与金属相比,其耐热性经常不足。当打算在可能产生高热应力的区域替换承重金属结构时,聚氨酯材料还必须具有承受高机械负荷的能力,并且该能力必须扩展到高温。出于这种考虑,人们正在试图提高聚氨酯材料或聚氨酯纤维复合材料的玻璃化转变温度。同时,要使这些材料在室温下具有高耐冲击性,例如为了满足碰撞试验的要求。在车辆构造中替换例如作为外部车体部件的金属还要求这些材料经受住高温,特别是在阴极电涂过程中,这在汽车构造中是常规的过程。此外,聚氨酯材料也可用作胶粘剂,并且对于许多应用,包括例如在车辆的车体构造中的胶粘剂应用,必须具有高的耐热性。
预浸料是纺织纤维基体半成品,其已用反应性树脂预先浸渍,并在暴露于热和压力的情况下硬化,从而制成部件。本文中的基体处于被称为B状态的部分交联状态,并且具有糊状至固体的稠度,并且可以被固化。
基于聚氨酯的预浸料是已知的。它们基于封端的多异氰酸酯,并且例如在WO11147688、WO10108701和WO10108723中进行了描述。然而,该方法导致相对较高的粘度,因此在浸渍过程中带来缺点。此外,如WO2013139704中所述,使用封端的催化剂需要非常高的异氰酸酯指数。异氰酸酯的这种高度过量导致对湿度的敏感性增加。因此,已知的预浸料优选地存储在排除空气的真空袋中。
因此,一个目的是提供对温度变化耐受性提高的聚氨酯材料。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种改进聚氨酯在高温下的机械性能的简单方法,并且从而提供途径能够获取可用于代替金属结构(例如在阴极电涂工艺中)或可用作承重结构的聚氨酯。最后,本发明的一个目的是提供在高温下具有高的机械稳定性同时在室温下具有高的耐冲击性的聚氨酯材料。另一个目的,特别是对于这些聚氨酯材料在纤维复合材料的背景下的使用,是确保反应混合物在室温下的粘度最小,从而允许纤维快速浸渍。
出乎意料地,该目的通过一种方法实现,在所述方法中,将(a)二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯;(b)具有对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的氢原子的化合物,其不包括具有碳碳双键的化合物;(c)包含至少一个碳碳双键的化合物;(d)任选地,加速氨基甲酸酯反应的催化剂;和(e)任选地,其他助剂和添加剂混合得到反应混合物,然后将混合物在高于120℃的温度下硬化,其中具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的化合物(b)平均每分子具有至少1.5个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢基团,且具有碳碳双键的化合物(c)包括:(c1)具有至少一个碳碳双键和至少一个选自对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团或异氰酸酯基团的基团的该类型化合物;和/或(c2)具有至少两个碳碳双键的化合物,并且其中反应混合物已经被稳定到这样的程度:当将组分(a)至(c)以及,如果存在,(d)和(e)在室温下混合,然后将混合物注射至温度控制在80℃的尺寸为20cm×30cm×0.4cm的金属模具中,然后60分钟后脱模并冷却至室温时,所得的聚氨酯材料的热变形温度(根据DIN EN ISO 75在0.45MPa外部纤维应力下的三点弯曲)比同样制备的在制备方法后在烘箱中在150℃下再热调节120分钟然后冷却至室温的聚氨酯材料的热变形温度低至少15℃。此外,本发明的目的是通过一种可通过该方法获得的聚氨酯材料而实现。
就本发明而言,术语“聚氨酯”涵盖所有已知的多异氰酸酯加聚产物。它们涵盖由异氰酸酯和醇衍生的加成产物,也涵盖改性的聚氨酯,其可包括异氰脲酸酯结构、脲基甲酸酯结构、脲结构、碳二亚胺结构、脲酮亚胺(uretonimine)结构、缩二脲结构以及其他的异氰酸酯加成产物。本发明的这些聚氨酯尤其包括固体多异氰酸酯加聚产物,例如热固性塑料,和基于多异氰酸酯加聚产物的泡沫,特别是硬质聚氨酯泡沫,以及聚氨酯涂料。
在另一优选实施方案中,聚氨酯为密度优选大于850g/L、优选900-1400g/L且特别优选1000-1300g/L的固体聚氨酯。此处固体聚氨酯在不添加任何发泡剂的情况下获得。就本发明而言,此处由于制备方法而存在于多元醇中的少量发泡剂例如水不解释为构成发泡剂的添加。用于制备致密聚氨酯的反应混合物优选包括小于0.2重量%、特别优选小于0.1重量%且特别是小于0.05重量%的水。固体聚氨酯优选包括填料,特别是纤维填料。合适的填料在(e)中描述。
可用作二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯(a)的材料为已知用于聚氨酯制备的任意脂族、脂环族或芳族异氰酸酯,及其任意所需混合物。实例为二苯基甲烷2,2’-、2,4’-和4,4’-二异氰酸酯,单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与具有较大环数目的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯同系物(聚合物MDI)的混合物,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)及其低聚物,甲苯2,4-或2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI)以及它们的混合物,四亚甲基二异氰酸酯及其低聚物,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)及其低聚物,萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)及其混合物。
用作二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯(a)的材料优选为基于二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯,例如2,4‘-MDI、4,4‘-MDI或这些组分的混合物,或也可能与具有较大环数目的MDI同系物混合。二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯(a)的官能度优选为2.0至2.9,特别优选为2.0至2.8。根据DIN 53019-1至3,二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯(a)在25℃的粘度此处优选在5和600mPas之间,特别优选在10和300mPas之间。特别优选的二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯(a)包括至少50摩尔%、更优选60至100摩尔%且特别是70至90摩尔%的官能度为2的异氰酸酯。
所使用的二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯(a)也可以采取多异氰酸酯预聚物的形式。这些多异氰酸酯预聚物可由过量的上述多异氰酸酯(成分(a-1))与具有至少两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的化合物(成分(a-2))在例如30℃至100℃、优选在约80℃的温度下的反应以生成预聚物而获得。本发明的多异氰酸酯预聚物的NCO含量优选为20至33重量%的NCO,特别优选为25至30重量%的NCO。
具有至少两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的化合物(a-2)是本领域技术人员已知的并记载于例如Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane[Plastics Handbook,volume7,Polyurethanes],Carl HanserVerlag,第3版,1993,第3.1章中。因此,所使用的具有至少两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的化合物可为,例如聚醚醇或聚酯醇,例如下文(b)中描述的那些。优选地,用作具有至少两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团的化合物的化合物(a-2)为包含仲OH基团的聚醚醇或聚酯醇,一个实例为聚环氧丙烷。此处聚醚醇或聚酯醇的官能度优选为2至4,特别优选为2至3,且它们优选具有比例为至少50%、优选至少75%且特别是至少85%的仲OH基团。
所使用的平均每分子具有至少1.5个对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的氢原子的化合物(b)可为聚氨酯化学中已知的且具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的任何化合物;此处,具有碳碳双键且摩尔质量低于800g/mol的化合物没有资格作为化合物(b),而是相反地,被化合物(c)的定义涵盖。
化合物(b)的平均官能度至少为1.5,优选为1.7至8,特别优选为1.9至6且特别是2至4。它们包括OH官能度为2至6且摩尔质量低于300g/mol、优选官能度为2至4且特别优选2至3的增链剂和交联剂,以及具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子且摩尔质量为300g/mol以上的较高分子量化合物。
此处,表述“增链剂”意指具有两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的分子;表述“交联剂”用于具有超过两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的分子。它们可单独使用,或优选以混合物的形式使用。可优选使用摩尔质量低于300g/mol、特别优选62g/mol至低于300g/mol且特别是62g/mol至250g/mol的二胺、二醇和/或三醇。可使用的化合物举例为具有2至14、优选2至10个碳原子的脂族、脂环族和/或芳脂族或芳族二胺和二醇,例如二乙基甲苯二胺(DEDTA)、间苯二胺、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,10-癸二醇和双(2-羟乙基)氢醌(HQEE)、1,2-二羟基环己烷、1,3-二羟基环己烷、1,4-二羟基环己烷、双酚A双(羟乙基醚)、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇;三醇,例如1,2,4-三羟基环己烷、1,3,5-三羟基环己烷、丙三醇和三羟甲基丙烷;二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺;和基于环氧乙烷和/或基于1,2-环氧丙烷以及基于上述二醇和/或三醇作为起始剂分子的低分子量羟基化的聚环氧烷。用作交联剂的化合物特别优选为基于环氧乙烷和/或1,2-环氧丙烷、特别优选基于1,2亚丙基以及基于三官能起始剂、特别是丙三醇和三羟甲基丙烷的低分子量羟基化聚环氧烷。特别优选的增链剂为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、双(2-羟乙基)氢醌和二丙二醇。
如果使用增链剂和/或交联剂,则增链剂和/或交联剂(e)的比例通常为1至50重量%,优选为2至20重量%,基于组分(a)至(e)的总重量计。
然而,此处也可以省略增链剂或交联剂。但增链剂、交联剂或任选地其混合物的添加可证明对于改变机械性能例如硬度是有利的。
具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的较高分子量化合物的数均摩尔质量优选为400至15 000g/mol。因此可以例如使用选自聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇及其混合物的化合物。
聚醚醇例如由环氧化物例如环氧丙烷和/或环氧乙烷或由四氢呋喃使用具有活性氢原子的起始剂化合物在使用催化剂的情况下制备,所述起始剂化合物的实例为脂族醇、酚、胺、羧酸、水和基于天然物质如蔗糖、山梨糖醇或甘露醇的化合物。此处可提及碱性催化剂或双金属氰化物催化剂,如例如PCT/EP2005/010124、EP 90444或WO 05/090440中所述。
聚酯醇例如优选地在酯化催化剂的存在下由脂族或芳族二羧酸和多元醇、聚硫醚多元醇、聚酯酰胺、羟基化的聚缩醛和/或羟基化的脂族聚碳酸酯制备。其他可能的多元醇例如在Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane[Plastics Handbook,volume 7,Polyurethanes],Carl HanserVerlag,第3版,1993,第3.1章中说明。
优选地,具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的较高分子量化合物包括具有疏水基团的化合物。特别优选地,它们是具有疏水基团的羟基官能化的化合物。这些疏水基团包括具有优选超过6个、特别优选超过8个且小于100个、特别是超过10个且小于50个碳原子的烃基。
优选使用羟基官能化的油脂化学化合物、油脂化学多元醇作为羟基官能化的疏水化合物。存在许多已知的羟基官能的油脂化学化合物可使用。实例为蓖麻油、羟基化油,例如例如葡萄籽油、黑孜然油、南瓜籽油、琉璃苣种子油、大豆油、麦胚油、菜籽油、葵花籽油、花生油、杏仁油、开心果仁油、杏仁油、橄榄油、夏威夷核油、鳄梨油、沙棘油、芝麻油、榛子油、月见草油、野玫瑰油、大麻油、红花油、胡桃油、基于肉豆蔻烯酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、异油酸、岩芹酸、鳕烯酸、芥酸、神经酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸的羟基化脂肪酸酯。此处,优选使用的材料为蓖麻油及其与环氧烷或与酮-甲醛树脂的反应产物。后者化合物例如由Bayer AG以商品名1150出售。
优选使用的另一组油脂化学多元醇可通过环氧化脂肪酸酯在与醇反应的同时开环并任选随后进行进一步的酯交换反应而获得。将羟基纳入油类和脂肪中主要通过这些材料中包含的烯属双键的环氧化作用以及随后所得的环氧基团与一元醇或多元醇的反应而实现。此处的环氧化物环变成羟基,或者在多元醇的情况下,变成具有更多数目OH基团的结构。因为油类和脂类主要是丙三醇酯,因此上述反应还伴随着平行的酯交换反应。所得化合物的摩尔质量优选在500至1500g/mol之间。这种类型的产品例如由BASF或由Altropol Kunststoff GmbH作为供应。此处,摩尔质量低于1000g/mol包含碳碳双键的油脂化学多元醇划分为化合物(c)。
化合物(c)包含至少一个碳碳双键。此外,化合物(c)包括:化合物(c1),其具有至少一个碳碳双键和至少一个选自对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团或异氰酸酯基团的基团;和/或化合物(c2),其具有至少两个碳碳双键。如果包括了具有至少一个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团和至少一个碳碳双键的化合物(c1),则在具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的化合物的平均官能度的测定中应同时将它们考虑在内。
此处,优选地,全部的化合物(c1)和(c2)的比例基于化合物(c)的总量计为5至100摩尔%,优选为8至90摩尔%,特别优选为10至80摩尔%。此处化合物(c1)和(c2)之间可以任何所需比例使用。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,不使用化合物(c1)。
在一个优选的实施方案中,化合物(c)中60至100%、优选70至100%且特别优选90至100%的碳碳双键是末端碳碳双键。
典型的化合物(c)的实例为丁二烯、异戊二烯、1,3-戊二烯、1,5-己二烯、1,7-辛二烯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、2-甲基苯乙烯、3-甲基苯乙烯、4-甲基苯乙烯、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯、异丙基苯乙烯、丁基苯乙烯、苯基苯乙烯、环己基苯乙烯、苄基苯乙烯和类似衍生物;取代的苯乙烯,如氰基苯乙烯、硝基苯乙烯、N,N-二甲基氨基苯乙烯、乙酰氧基苯乙烯、4-乙烯基苯甲酸甲酯、苯氧基苯乙烯、对乙烯基苯基氧化物和类似衍生物及其混合物;丙烯酸酯和取代的丙烯酸酯,例如丙烯腈、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸丙烯酸酯(methacrylic acrylate)、丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸苄酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸辛基酯、甲基丙烯腈、α-乙氧基丙烯酸乙酯、α-乙酰胺基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸苯基酯、甲基丙烯酸苯基酯、丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N-丁基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰基甲酰胺、丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯、丙烯酸羟丁酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丁酯,以及类似衍生物及其混合物;乙烯基酯、乙烯基醚、乙烯基酮等,例如乙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、甲酸乙烯基酯、丙烯酸乙烯基酯、甲基丙烯酸乙烯基酯、甲氧基乙酸乙烯基酯、苯甲酸乙烯基酯、乙烯基甲苯、乙烯基甲基醚、乙烯基丙基醚、乙烯基丁基醚、乙烯基2-乙基己醚、乙烯基苯基醚、乙烯基2-甲氧基乙基醚、甲氧基丁二烯、乙烯基甲基酮、乙烯基乙基酮、N-甲基-N-乙烯基乙酰胺、二乙烯基亚砜、二乙烯基砜、乙烯基磺酸钠、甲基乙烯基磺酸酯、二乙烯基醚衍生物例如二乙二醇二乙烯基醚或三乙二醇二乙烯基醚、三羟甲基丙烷三烯丙基醚、三羟甲基丙烷二烯丙基醚、乙二醛双(二烯丙基乙缩醛)和类似衍生物;富马酸二甲酯、马来酸二甲酯、马来酸、富马酸、甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯醇、三烯丙基氰脲酸酯、三乙烯基氰脲酸酯、氰尿酸三烯丙基醚、2,4,6-三烯丙氧基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三乙烯氧基-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三丙烯酰基六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、三[2-(丙烯酰氧基)乙基]异氰脲酸酯、氰尿酸三乙烯基醚、1,2,4-三乙烯基环己烷、聚丁二烯、改性的聚丁二烯例如羟基封端的聚丁二烯及其混合物,丙二酸亚烷基酯如丙二酸亚甲基酯,氰基丙烯酸乙烯基醚;双酚A二丙烯酸酯、双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯、双酚A环氧二丙烯酸酯、双酚A环氧二甲基丙烯酸酯;季戊四醇单丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化季戊四醇单丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、丙三醇单丙烯酸酯、丙三醇二丙烯酸酯、丙三醇三丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化丙三醇单丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化丙三醇二丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化丙三醇三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷单丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷二丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化三羟甲基丙烷单丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化三羟甲基丙烷二丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷二丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷单丙烯酸酯、丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇单丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇单丙烯酸酯、丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、丁二醇单丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇单丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇单丙烯酸酯、己二醇二丙烯酸酯、己二醇单丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇单甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化季戊四醇单甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、丙三醇单甲基丙烯酸酯、丙三醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、丙三醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化丙三醇单甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化丙三醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化丙三醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷单甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化三羟甲基丙烷单甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化三羟甲基丙烷二甲基丙烯酸酯、烷氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷四甲基丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷二甲基丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷单甲基丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、丁二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯、己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、己二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯,以及此外三羟甲基丙烷与例如乙酰乙酸酯或与双(乙酰乙酸酯)的寡聚反应产物,如例如WO0100684、WO03/031502、WO04/029118、WO05012394、WO09014689中的记载、来自Allnex的Ebecry LEO(胺-改性的聚醚丙烯酸酯)。
优选地,化合物(c)的双键官能度大于1。优选的烯键式不饱和单体是丙烯酸甲酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯和羟基封端的聚丁二烯(可以以商品名Krasol获得)及其混合物。
可以例如将多官能烯烃和单官能烯烃一起使用,因此首先优化产物的交联密度其次优化起始材料的粘度;此处单官能烯烃可对异氰酸酯具有反应性或不具有反应性。
在每种情况下基于组分(a)至(e)的总重量计,化合物(c)的比例优选为10至70重量%,特别优选25至60重量%且特别是30至50重量%。此处在一个优选实施方案中,基于起始材料以及组分(a)至(e)的总重量计,双键密度优选大于0.1重量%,优选1.0至30重量%且特别是4.0至16重量%。就本发明而言,此处的表述“双键密度”意指双键相对于组分(a)至(e)的总质量的质量比例。此处假设末端双键的质量为27g/mol(-CH=CH2;2倍碳加3倍氢)。
在另一个实施方案中,也可以向异氰酸酯组分中添加不包含对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的组分c)。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯(a)的异氰酸酯基团与化合物(c)的碳碳双键数之比为0.1比1,至最高达4比1,更优选0.4比1至最高达3比1,且特别是0.5比1至最高达2比1。
所使用的催化剂(d)可为常规聚氨酯催化剂。它们大大地加速了具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的化合物(b)与二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯(a)的反应。作为可用于聚氨酯制备的常规催化剂的实例,可提及以下物质:脒,例如2,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶;叔胺,例如三乙胺、三丁基胺、二甲基苄基胺、二甲基环己基胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉和N-环己基吗啉、N,N,N',N'-四甲基亚乙基二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基丁烷二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基己烷二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、四甲基二氨基乙基醚、双(二甲基氨基丙基)脲、二甲基哌嗪、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氮杂双环[3.3.0]辛烷以及优选地1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷;和烷醇胺化合物,例如三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺和N-乙基二乙醇胺以及二甲基乙醇胺。还可以使用有机金属化合物,优选有机锡化合物,例如有机羧酸的锡(II)盐例如乙酸锡(II)、辛酸锡(II)、乙基己酸锡(II)和月桂酸锡(II),和有机羧酸的二烷基锡(IV)盐,例如二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、马来酸二丁基锡和二乙酸二辛基锡;以及羧酸铋,例如新癸酸铋(III)、2-乙基己酸铋和辛酸铋,或其混合物。有机金属化合物可单独使用或优选与强碱性胺结合使用。如果组分(b)为酯,则可优选仅使用胺催化剂。
以催化剂或催化剂组合物的形式使用的催化剂(d)的浓度可例如为0.001至5重量%、特别是0.05至2重量%,基于组分(b)的重量计。
此外,也可使用助剂和/或添加剂(e)。在此可以使用已知用于制备聚氨酯的任何助剂和添加剂。可提及例如表面活性物质、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂、泡孔调节剂、脱模剂、填充剂、染料、颜料、阻燃剂、水解稳定剂以及抑真菌和抑细菌物质。这些物质是已知的并且例如在Kunststoffhandbuch,Band 7,Polyurethane[Plastics Handbook,volume 7,Polyurethanes],Carl Hanser Verlag,第3版,1993,第3.4.4和3.4.6至3.4.11章中记载。
在进一步优选的实施方案中,助剂和添加剂(e)可包含不是常规聚氨酯形成催化剂的碱性催化剂。它们包括例如催化聚异氰脲酸酯形成的催化剂。聚异氰脲酸酯催化剂包括碱金属羧酸盐。优选地,它们包括甲酸盐和乙酸盐,特别是乙酸盐,例如乙酸钠和乙酸钾。
相比之下,含环氧基的化合物不是本发明的聚氨酯材料的制备所必需的。优选地,本发明的聚氨酯材料基本不包括含环氧基的化合物。因此,含环氧基的化合物的比例基于组分(a)至(e)的总重量计优选低于1重量%,特别优选低于0.1重量%。
二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯(a)、具有对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的氢原子的化合物(b)以及(如果有的话)具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的其他化合物(例如发泡剂)的反应量通常使得在本发明的聚氨酯材料的制备期间多异氰酸酯(a)的NCO基团与存在于其他组分中的对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的全部氢原子的当量比为0.7至1.4、优选地0.8至1.2、特别优选0.9至1.1且特别是1.0。此处1:1的比例相当于100的异氰酸酯指数。然后硬化在大于120℃、优选在140至225℃、特别优选在150至210℃且特别是在160至200℃的温度下进行。
本发明的弹性体形式、硬质泡沫形式或热固性塑料形式的聚氨酯的制备,在用于制备本发明聚氨酯的各特定起始物质(a)至(e)上仅具有轻微的数量和质量差异。例如,在制备固体聚氨酯中不使用发泡剂。此外,可以例如通过至少两个具有反应性的氢原子的高分子量化合物的官能度和链长来改变本发明的聚氨酯的弹性和硬度。这样的改造是本领域技术人员已知的。用于制备固体聚氨酯的起始材料例如记载于EP 0989146或EP1460094中,用于制备硬质泡沫的起始材料记载于例如PCT/EP2005/010955中。于是在每种情况下,将化合物(c)加入到所述文献描述的起始材料中。
此处对本发明而言必要的是反应混合物已经稳定。就本发明而言,如果当将各组分在室温下混合,然后将混合物注射至温度控制在80℃的尺寸为20cm×30cm×0.4cm的金属模具中,然后60分钟后脱模并冷却至室温时,所得的聚氨酯材料在根据DIN EN ISO 75在0.45MPa外部纤维应力下的三点弯曲中的热变形温度比同样制备的在制备方法后在烘箱中在150℃下再热调节120分钟然后冷却至室温的聚氨酯材料的热变形温度低至少15℃,优选至少25℃,更优选至少40℃,特别是至少60℃,那么反应混合物已经稳定。
这种稳定可通过添加自由基抑制剂来实现。使用的自由基抑制剂可为导致碳碳双键的自由基聚合终止的物质。自由基抑制剂,也称为自由基清除剂,涵盖双(三氟甲基)硝基氧、游离氨基氧自由基、2,2-二苯基-1-苦肼基和2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-基氧。优选的自由基抑制剂为吩噻嗪、硝基苯、氢醌单甲基醚、对苯醌和二苯基苦肼基。在一个优选的实施方案中,反应混合物包括基于组分(a)至(e)的总重量计0.0001至2.0重量%的自由基抑制剂,优选地0.0005至1.0重量%且特别是0.001至0.5重量%。稳定并不总是需要添加自由基抑制剂。因此,反应性、特别是具有至少一个碳碳双键的化合物(c)的反应性足够低以至于不需要任何自由基抑制剂的添加来实现在80℃下的稳定也是可以的。
进一步优选地,本发明的反应混合物不包括引发自由基反应的化合物。它们涵盖传统的自由基抑制剂,例如过氧化物例如过氧化二苯甲酰,二硫化物,鎓化合物和AIBN,以及光敏引发剂例如α-羟基-、α-烷氧基-或α-氨基芳基酮以及酰基氧化膦,以及对光不稳定的脂族含氮化合物,以及所提及的化合物的混合物。上述还包括不存在这样的组分,即该组分可能在反应组分已经放置储存之后形成并且可能引发自由基反应。因此,本发明的反应混合物可包括会引起过氧化物分解的化合物,实例为有机硫化物、亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯。
可优选使用双组分法制备反应混合物。为此,将化合物(b)至(d)和任选地(e)合并得到多元醇组分。异氰酸酯组分包括异氰酸酯(a)和任选地组分(e)的成分。此处可优选调整多元醇组分的组成至25℃下的粘度优选低于1000mPas。此处的粘度测量根据DIN 53019-1至3进行。此处粘度调整可特别地通过选择组分(c)的化合物及其用量来实现。多元醇组分的粘度可特别地通过使用丙烯酸酯来降低。
在一个优选的实施方案中,反应在混合所有组分(a)至(e)后作为一锅法反应、通过两阶段硬化而进行。在组分(a)至(e)混合后,此处将反应混合物在低于120℃的温度下、优选在30至110℃的温度范围下、更优选在50至80℃的范围下保持至少10分钟、优选10至30分钟。在第二步骤中,生成本发明的聚氨酯材料的反应在大于120℃的温度下、优选地大于150℃的温度下且特别地在范围为160至225℃的温度下继续。此处在第二步骤中的温度通常保持至少2分钟、优选地3至120分钟且特别优选10至60分钟。此处,在第一步骤之后,将反应混合物冷却至例如-20至30℃的温度也是可以的。在该温度下,在第一步结束后,反应混合物适合储存,并且可以储存数周。
本发明不仅提供本发明的方法,而且提供可通过本发明的方法获得的聚氨酯。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,本发明的聚氨酯材料为聚氨酯纤维复合材料。其通过使用反应混合物将纤维润湿然后进行硬化以得到聚氨酯纤维复合材料而制备。优选使用的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、聚酯纤维、天然纤维例如纤维素纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、尼龙纤维、玄武岩纤维、硼纤维、Zylon纤维(聚(对亚苯基-2,6-苯并二恶唑))、碳化硅纤维、石棉纤维、金属纤维及其组合。它们可例如呈现出短玻璃纤维或长玻璃纤维、连续纤维、稀松布、针织织物、无规纤维垫和具有相同或不同纤维取向的层的形式。纤维的润湿技术不受限制并且是众所周知的。它们涵盖例如纤维缠绕法、拉挤成型法、手动层叠法和灌注法,例如真空灌注法。
本发明的聚氨酯材料、特别是本发明的聚氨酯纤维复合材料,显示出改进的耐热性、提高的玻璃化转变温度、非常好的对水和疏水性液体的耐受性以及在长期应力下非常好的性能。特别优选地,本发明的聚氨酯材料在根据DIN EN ISO 75在0.45MPa外部纤维应力下的三点弯曲中的热变形温度大于120℃,更优选大于130℃,特别是大于140℃,以及根据DINEN ISO 179-1/1fU的(夏比)耐冲击性大于25kJ/m2。
本发明的聚氨酯纤维复合材料可例如用作胶粘剂,特别是针对暴露于高热应力的区域;结构部件,例如车辆构造中的外车体部件,例如轮子围绕物(wheel surrounds),船体;热水容器,例如用于家庭使用;或用作电动机的部件;桅杆,例如动力桅杆或电报桅杆;绝缘体和高压技术领域中的其他部件;风力涡轮机的转子叶片;或用作管道,例如用于石油天然气工业的纤维增强管道,或用作石油天然气的钻探、生产和运输的设备和辅助设备。此外,本发明的聚氨酯材料适合用于阴极电涂,其尤其用于汽车工业中。
特别是在管道的制备中,通过使用在每种情况下基于组分(a)至(e)的总重量计25至60重量份、特别优选30至50重量份的组分(c),同时结合使用包含疏水性基团的多元醇作为化合物(b),可以获得这样的聚氨酯材料:即使在范围为25至40℃的温度下和超过50%最高至超过90%的相对湿度的热带气候下,仍然基本上不含气泡,具有高的耐溶剂性(也可以扩大至疏水性液体)并具有高的玻璃化转变温度,因此可在待处理的流体温度很高时使用。
此外,本发明的反应混合物可用于真空灌注。为此,优选使用基于组分(a)至(e)的总重量计2至15重量%、优选3至10重量%的组分(c)的化合物,以及平均官能度优选为1.5至2.2、更优选1.8至2.1且特别是1.9至2.05的高分子量化合物(b)。此外,组分(b)可任选地包括增链剂,例如2至30重量%,基于组分(a)至(e)的总重量计。这样的反应混合物特别具有硬化时收缩率低、良好的流动性和长开放时间的特征。
此外,本发明的反应混合物还可通过在优选低于100℃、特别优选低于80℃且特别地低于50℃的温度下浸渍纤维机织织物或稀松布并且随后在大于120℃、优选地140℃至225℃、更优选地150℃至210℃且特别是160℃至200℃的温度下硬化而用于制备储存稳定的聚氨酯预浸料。本发明的这些预浸料在室温下长期储存稳定,且可在大于120℃的温度下快速硬化。在本发明的聚氨酯预浸料的B-状态中(即未固化的状态),聚氨酯反应已经进展至很大的程度,并且优选基本已经结束。聚氨酯预浸料的异氰酸酯含量(NCO含量)优选为0至1重量%的NCO,特别优选为0至0.1重量%的NCO。预浸料树脂的一个有利的性质是通过B状态,在所述B状态中,树脂已经仅经历了预聚合或部分聚合,表现出非常小的粘性,并且可通过温度和可能地压力的变化而模制,然后树脂最终在高温下经历完全的硬化和高度交联。如果使用的多元醇具有高当量重量,例如大于1000g/mol,则所得的中间阶段略微更粘,并且可彼此组合彼此粘结,并且在最终的硬化状态下是尺寸稳定的。如果需要无粘性的中间阶段,则可通过降低具有高当量重量的多元醇的比例而实现。
此处本发明的反应混合物表现出低粘度以及良好的浸渍性能。由于本发明的反应混合物在低于80℃、例如10至30℃的温度下具有低粘度,所以可以从浸渍后的纤维材料中撇去反应混合物,从而获得高体积比例的纤维。因此优选这样的浸渍技术,其中过量的树脂可有效地从纤维中除去并再使用。
下面将参考实施例来解释本发明。
表1:耐受温度变化的树脂的制备
起始材料(在所有表中数据以重量百分比计)。通常的批次量:将300g的多元醇组分在室温下混合;然后加入异氰酸酯并且将混合物在高速混合器(FA Hauschild)中混合60秒;然后将反应混合物流延至20×30×0.4cm或20×30×0.2cm的金属模具中;用刮刀撇去过量的树脂,并在80℃下硬化1小时,然后在120℃下硬化2小时并在170℃下硬化2小时。在室温下储存一周后,然后从材料中磨制出试样。
表1中的结果表明,在不存在自由基引发剂的发明实施例中发现明显更高的耐热性。大于150℃的热变形温度(根据DIN EN ISO 75在0.45MPa外部纤维应力下的三点弯曲)对于聚氨酯材料而言是惊人的。这些实施例特别表明,可以制备纤维增强的管,例如在纤维缠绕法中。
比较实施例2:将99.5份的TMPTA和0.5份的自由基引发剂1在室温下混合并在80℃下硬化10分钟。获得具有不规则表面的不均匀的脆的聚合物,无法从其中获得任何试样。Tg(通过DSC测定)为122℃。本领域技术人员知晓聚合物的Tg通常大于热变形温度。因此,使用通过自由基路线制备的烯烃均聚物的比较实施例2具有比发明实施例明显更低的耐热性。
表2
表2:
在室温下分别混合实施例2和比较实施例1的起始材料;然后加入异氰酸酯并将混合物在高速混合器(FA Hauschild)中混合60秒;然后将反应混合物流延至20×30×0.4cm或20×30×0.2cm的金属模具中;使用刮刀撇去过量的树脂。将反应混合物在40℃下固化1小时。然后冲裁出4mm×80mm×10mm的试样以用于测量耐热性。在测量耐热性之前,根据表2中的数据对这些测样中的一些试样进行热调节。结果说明了反应特征曲线。在自由基抑制剂的存在下,在低于80℃的温度下仅发生部分反应。在这种状态下,反应产物可储存并且发粘。由于>120℃的较高温度,发明实施例的热变形温度明显增加超过100℃,并且只有在那时才获得最终性能。在完全硬化下的发明实施例的热变形温度(160℃)明显高于使用自由基抑制剂的比较实施例1的热变形温度(120℃)。
表3
表3:实施例3(使用催化剂)表现出比实施例4(不使用催化剂)更好的热变形温度以及明显更好的耐冲击性。
表4
表4中的实施例示出了特别适合于真空灌注法的制剂配方,并且因为发明实施例5的相对低的粘度,所以允许组分快速填充。发现的热变形温度高于比较实施例3。
表5
表5:预浸料的制备
层叠板的制备(单向预浸渍的半成品纺织品):
将起始材料(表5)在室温下混合。然后使用计量系统将反应混合物在室温下连续装入开放式浴中。所使用的预浸渍方法基于湿法缠绕工艺。首先使总共42条粗纱(外部退绕,每条粗纱均使用纱线制动器)Tex 2400通过穿孔的金属板,然后连续通过浸渍浴。集成在浸渍装置中的刮刀通过撇除法除去过量的树脂,这些树脂可流回浴池中;这样避免了树脂从浸渍过的粗纱上滴落。然后使浸渍过的粗纱通过平铺于离型纸之间的5.5×0.2cm的金属孔,并在80℃下硬化。通过加热单元后,可以将所得的宽度为5.5cm的单向预浸料卷在卷轴上。
预浸料是不粘的固体块,并且适合在不使用工具的情况下手动改变形状。
将由此制得的预浸料展开并切成长度为30cm的多个段。将两层预浸料以0°和90°的纤维取向放在模具中。然后关闭模具并先加热至120℃持续1h,然后加热至150℃持续1h。于是可除去坚硬的三维组分(不再适合手动改变形状)。纤维体积含量为60%。
多元醇1:蔗糖和二乙二醇的丙氧基化/乙氧基化混合物,OHN 400且官能度4.5,粘度3000mPas[25℃]
多元醇2:支链脂肪酸酯,OHN 173,粘度3400mPas[25℃]
多元醇3:非-NCO-反应性脂肪酸酯,粘度7mPas[25℃]
多元醇4:蔗糖和丙三醇的丙氧基化混合物,OHN 490且官能度4.4,粘度8450mPas[25℃]
多元醇5:丙氧基化丙三醇,OHN 805,粘度1275mPas[25℃]
多元醇6:丙氧基化丙三醇,OHN 400,粘度375mPas[25℃]
多元醇7:丙氧基化丙二醇,OHN 248,粘度75mPas[25℃]
多元醇8:蓖麻油,OHN 160,粘度1025mPas[25℃]
多元醇9:阳离子化丙氧基化的丙三醇,OHN 555,粘度690mPas[25℃]
TMPTA:三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯
催化剂1:乙酸钾于DPG中的40%溶液
自由基引发剂1:过氧苯甲酰
自由基抑制剂1:吩噻嗪(Phenothianzine)
消泡剂1:Efka SI 2008,BASF SE
消泡剂2:Efka SI 2723,BASF SE
异氰酸酯1:基于4,4‘-MDI、二丙二醇/聚丙二醇的预聚物和碳二亚胺改性的4,4‘-MDI的1:1混合物,26%的NCO含量
异氰酸酯2:聚合物MDI与2,4‘-MDI和4,4‘-MDI的1:1混合物的1:1混合物,32.5%的NCO含量
测试:
热变形温度:根据DIN EN ISO 75在0.45MPa外部纤维应力下的平面三点弯曲。
Claims (14)
1.制备聚氨酯材料的方法,其中将
a.二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯,
b.具有对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的氢原子的化合物,其中它们不包括具有碳碳双键的化合物,
c.包含至少一个碳碳双键的化合物,
d.任选地,加速氨基甲酸酯反应的催化剂,和
e.任选地,其他助剂和添加剂,
混合得到反应混合物,并在高于120℃的温度下硬化,其中
具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的化合物(b)平均每分子具有至少1.5个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢基团,且
具有碳碳双键的化合物(c)包括(c1)具有至少一个碳碳双键和至少一个选自对异氰酸酯呈反应性的基团或异氰酸酯基团的基团的该类型化合物和/或(c2)具有至少两个碳碳双键的化合物,
其中反应混合物已经被稳定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯(a)的异氰酸酯基团与对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的当量比为0.7至1.4。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中基于化合物(c)的总量计,全部化合物(c1)和(c2)的比例为5至100摩尔%。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中化合物(c)的摩尔质量低于1000g/mol。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中基于碳-碳双键计,化合物(c1)和(c2)具有60至100%的末端碳-碳双键。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯(a)包含至少50摩尔%的官能度为2的异氰酸酯。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中使用的二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯(a)包括2,4‘-MDI、4,4‘-MDI或这些组分的混合物,任选地还与具有较大环数目的MDI同系物混合。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其中反应混合物包括0.001至1.0重量%的自由基抑制剂。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中反应混合物包括碱性催化剂。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其中基于组分(a)至(e)的总重量计,具有碳碳双键的化合物(c)的比例为10至70重量%。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法,其中具有对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的聚合化合物(b)或(c)包括至少一种具有疏水基团的羟基官能化合物。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法,其中反应混合物的反应在第一阶段中在低于120℃的温度下进行至少10分钟,然后将混合物在高于150℃的温度下硬化。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中聚氨酯材料是聚氨酯纤维复合材料,其中纤维材料被反应混合物润湿,然后使混合物硬化以得到聚氨酯纤维复合材料。
14.可通过根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法获得的聚氨酯材料。
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CN115181231A (zh) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-10-14 | 上海高铁电气科技有限公司 | 一种液体组合物和由其制备的预浸料和复合材料 |
CN115181231B (zh) * | 2021-04-02 | 2024-01-23 | 上海高铁电气科技有限公司 | 一种液体组合物和由其制备的预浸料和复合材料 |
CN114437310A (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 四川东树新材料有限公司 | 改性聚氨酯组合物及其应用 |
CN114437310B (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-02-23 | 四川东树新材料有限公司 | 改性聚氨酯组合物及其应用 |
CN115745799A (zh) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-07 | 科顺民用建材有限公司 | 一种丙三醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、防水涂料组合物、防水涂料及其制备方法 |
CN115745799B (zh) * | 2022-11-25 | 2024-01-26 | 科顺民用建材有限公司 | 一种丙三醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、防水涂料组合物、防水涂料及其制备方法 |
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MX2020008799A (es) | 2020-10-14 |
EP3755735A1 (de) | 2020-12-30 |
CA3091506A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
US12037445B2 (en) | 2024-07-16 |
KR20200125965A (ko) | 2020-11-05 |
AU2019225884A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
PH12020551287A1 (en) | 2021-07-12 |
CN111757899B (zh) | 2023-01-17 |
WO2019162115A1 (de) | 2019-08-29 |
KR102712299B1 (ko) | 2024-10-02 |
EA202091902A1 (ru) | 2020-12-10 |
BR112020016339A2 (pt) | 2021-03-02 |
JP2021514419A (ja) | 2021-06-10 |
TW201936740A (zh) | 2019-09-16 |
AU2019225884C1 (en) | 2024-06-06 |
AU2019225884B2 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
US20200399418A1 (en) | 2020-12-24 |
JP7359520B2 (ja) | 2023-10-11 |
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