CN111670793A - Floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system and planting and breeding method thereof - Google Patents
Floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system and planting and breeding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111670793A CN111670793A CN202010333200.4A CN202010333200A CN111670793A CN 111670793 A CN111670793 A CN 111670793A CN 202010333200 A CN202010333200 A CN 202010333200A CN 111670793 A CN111670793 A CN 111670793A
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 241000736919 Pelodiscus sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001194850 Pelodiscus Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001482311 Trionychidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004912 1,5-cyclooctadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101000927062 Haematobia irritans exigua Aquaporin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system and a planting and breeding method thereof, and provides a technical scheme for solving the problem that eutrophication pollution occurs in breeding water in the prior art, wherein the floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system comprises the following steps: a floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic breeding system comprises a water channel, a rice and turtle symbiotic block and a plurality of overwintering ponds; a plurality of overwintering ponds are arranged along the direction of the water channel; an agricultural machine channel is arranged between two adjacent overwintering ponds; a deep water ditch is arranged between the overwintering pond and the rice and turtle symbiotic block; the depth of the deep ditch is greater than that of the overwintering pond; a plurality of shallow ditches are also arranged on the deep ditches; the shallow ditch is vertical to the deep ditch; the overwintering pond and the rice-turtle symbiotic block are connected through a deep ditch and a shallow ditch; the overwintering pond is connected with the water channel through a water inlet channel; the overwintering pond is also provided with a water outlet channel. The invention has good quality and high yield, and can decompose and utilize the culture tail water and reduce the environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a breeding system and a breeding method thereof, in particular to a floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic breeding system and a breeding method thereof.
Background
The rice and turtle symbiosis is an important mode for comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and fisheries, but the existing rice and turtle symbiosis planting and breeding system is often polluted by eutrophication of water, and the content of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus in water exceeds the standard. At present, there are measures for degrading COD, nitrogen and phosphorus in water by planting aquatic plants in a water channel in rural or urban areas by using ecological floating beds, but the mode has large investment, high maintenance cost and lower economic benefit. For example, the rice-turtle symbiotic field and the construction method thereof are disclosed in the Chinese patent with publication number CN108551996A and publication number 20180921, and the problem of water eutrophication cannot be solved in the rice-turtle symbiotic field, so that environmental pollution is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system which is reasonable in design, high in yield and capable of decomposing and utilizing breeding tail water and a planting and breeding method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: the floating bed type rice-turtle symbiotic breeding system comprises a water channel, a rice-turtle symbiotic block and a plurality of overwintering ponds; the overwintering ponds are arranged along the direction of the water channel; an agricultural machine channel is arranged between the two adjacent overwintering ponds; a deep water ditch is arranged between the overwintering pond and the rice and turtle symbiotic block; the depth of the deep ditch is greater than that of the overwintering pond; a plurality of shallow ditches are also arranged on the deep ditches; the shallow ditch is vertical to the deep ditch; the overwintering pond and the rice-turtle symbiotic block are connected through a deep ditch and a shallow ditch; the overwintering pond is connected with the water channel through a water inlet channel; a water outlet channel is also arranged on the overwintering pond; a floating feeding frame for feeding the Chinese softshell turtles is further arranged on one side, close to the water inlet channel, of the overwintering pond; a plurality of ecological floating beds are also arranged on the overwintering pond; the ecological floating bed is formed by splicing a plurality of polyethylene plates; the polyethylene plate is provided with a plurality of planting holes for planting rice.
Preferably, cement walls are arranged around the overwintering pond; the height of the cement wall on one side of the overwintering pond, which is close to the rice and turtle symbiotic block, is lower than the height of the cement walls on the other three sides of the overwintering pond.
Preferably, the area of the overwintering pond in the invention is not more than 8% of the area of the rice-turtle symbiotic block.
Preferably, the deep ditch is parallel to the rice and turtle symbiotic block; the area of the deep ditch is not more than 1% of the area of the rice and turtle symbiotic block.
Preferably, the periphery of the rice-turtle symbiotic block is provided with an escape-proof concrete wall.
Preferably, the area of the ecological floating bed is 45-55% of the area of the overwintering pond.
A planting and breeding method of a floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system comprises the following steps:
floating bed rice seedling raising: selecting a rice variety with strong disease resistance, lodging resistance and spike separation, and carrying out seedling emergence in a dark seedling emergence mode in a stacked tray mode, uniformly placing the seedlings in a seedling raising field for cultivation, and manually transplanting the seedlings into an ecological floating bed when the seedlings grow to 0.15 m;
planting rice on a floating bed: 5-8 seedlings are placed in each planting hole in the ecological floating bed; a part of planting holes are reserved on the ecological floating bed, seedlings are not placed in the planting holes, and bamboo piles are inserted into the planting holes to fix the position of the ecological floating bed;
sowing rice in the symbiotic area: sowing and raising seedlings in ten days in the middle of 5 months, transplanting seedlings at the beginning of 6 months, and transplanting seedlings by a machine according to the straight distance of 40cm and the row distance of 30cm, wherein 5500 clumps of seedlings are transplanted per mu;
stocking the Chinese soft-shelled turtles: during the floating bed rice seedling raising period, the Chinese softshell turtle seedlings are put into an overwintering pond and put for 10 days without feeding; feeding expanded pellet feed in a floating feeding frame of the overwintering pond after 10 days, and training the Chinese softshell turtles to find food at fixed points and at fixed times; after the green of the seedlings in the rice and turtle symbiotic block is turned over, the water level of the overwintering pond is increased, so that the Chinese turtles can freely crawl in the overwintering pond and the rice and turtle symbiotic block;
managing rice on a floating bed: supplementing a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer within 7 days after the rice is transplanted, and then putting no fertilizer; when the rice straws grow to 1m, the rice straws and the bamboo piles are bundled and fixed by soft ropes; the water level of the ecological floating bed is adjusted through the water level of the overwintering pond;
rice management in the symbiotic area: before transplanting, respectively applying 20kg of calcium superphosphate and ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizers per mu; after transplanting, 20kg of rapeseed cakes and 10kg of urea are used per mu; after 20 days of rice transplanting, 10kg of potassium chloride is used for topdressing per mu;
and (3) cultivating and managing the Chinese soft-shelled turtles: feeding the Chinese soft-shelled turtles by using expanded pellet feed at a floating feeding frame of the overwintering pond, and controlling the feeding time within 1 h;
and (3) harvesting products: harvesting rice on a floating bed: after the rice ears are mature in the middle ten days of 10 months, removing the bamboo piles, sequentially pulling the ecological floating bed close to the edge of a dam for harvesting, and then threshing, drying, processing and storing; harvesting rice in the symbiotic area: harvesting, drying, processing and storing in the last 10 to 11 months; catching the Chinese soft-shelled turtles: reducing the water level of the overwintering pond during the harvesting period of the floating bed rice, so that the Chinese soft-shelled turtles in the overwintering pond can only flow in and out, and installing an aluminum-plastic plate at the bottom of 10 months to separate symbiotic areas of the overwintering pond and the rice soft-shelled turtles; after the rice in the rice-turtle symbiotic block is harvested, the Chinese turtles in the rice-turtle symbiotic block are manually caught to the overwintering pond for temporary culture.
Preferably, in the step of planting the rice on the floating bed, planting holes which are not used for transplanting rice seedlings are reserved on the ecological floating bed every 3 m.
Preferably, the cultivation and management steps of the Chinese softshell turtles further comprise: the residual bait is cleaned in time, and the bait is disinfected and changed into water at regular intervals.
Preferably, the rice management in the symbiotic zone further comprises: shallow water service irrigation is mainly used in the early stage after seedling transplantation, and the water layer in the field is not more than 3-4 cm; after tillering, gradually raising the water level and keeping the water level at 10-15 cm; after 8 ten days in the middle of the month, filling deep water is mainly used; after 9 months, gradually draining water and beating the field, slowly discharging the water, and making the Chinese soft-shelled turtles climb into the overwintering pond.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: the method is based on the rice-turtle symbiotic mode, the overwintering pond is configured in the rice-turtle symbiotic block, and the plurality of ecological floating beds for planting the rice are arranged in the overwintering pond, so that the problem of eutrophication of the culture water body in the overwintering pond is solved, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the rice planting area, the yield and the income can be increased; the floating bed type rice-turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system is reasonable in construction design, irrigation and drainage of rice-turtle symbiotic blocks and an overwintering pond are convenient, the design of the deep ditches and the shallow ditches enables water energy in the overwintering pond to fully irrigate the rice-turtle symbiotic blocks, water nutrients for aquaculture are comprehensively utilized and are not discharged, recycling is achieved, and ecological benefits are obvious; the invention forms an ecological system of symbiotic complementation of rice and soft-shelled turtles, the produced rice and the produced Chinese soft-shelled turtles have higher quality, and the invention can improve the soil fertility and the ecological environment of the rice field.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating bed type rice-turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an overwintering pond in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological floating bed in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: the ecological water-saving ecological water-.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Examples are given.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the floating-bed type rice-turtle symbiotic breeding system in the present embodiment includes a ditch 1, a rice-turtle symbiotic block 5, and a plurality of overwintering ponds 2; the area of the overwintering pond 2 is not more than 8% of the area of the rice and turtle symbiotic block 5; and anti-escape concrete walls are arranged around the rice and turtle symbiotic block 5.
In the embodiment, a plurality of overwintering ponds 2 are arranged along the direction of a water channel 1; an agricultural machine channel 7 is arranged between two adjacent overwintering ponds 2; a deep water ditch 3 is arranged between the overwintering pond 2 and the rice and turtle symbiotic block 5; the depth of the deep ditch 3 is greater than that of the overwintering pond 2; the deep water ditch 3 is also provided with a plurality of shallow water ditches 4; the shallow ditch 4 is vertical to the deep ditch 3; the overwintering pond 2 is connected with the rice-turtle symbiotic block 5 through a deep ditch 3 and a shallow ditch 4; the overwintering pond 2 is connected with the water channel 1 through a water inlet channel 21; the overwintering pond 2 is also provided with a water outlet channel 23; a floating feeding frame 22 for feeding the Chinese softshell turtles is also arranged on one side, close to the water inlet channel 21, of the overwintering pond 2; the overwintering pond 2 is also provided with a plurality of ecological floating beds 6; the ecological floating bed 6 is formed by splicing a plurality of polyethylene plates 61; the polyethylene plate 61 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 62 for planting rice.
The planting and breeding method of the floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
floating bed rice seedling raising: selecting a rice variety with strong disease resistance, lodging resistance and spike separation, and carrying out seedling emergence in a dark seedling emergence mode in a stacked tray mode, uniformly placing the seedlings in a seedling raising field for cultivation, and manually transplanting the seedlings into an ecological floating bed 6 when the seedlings grow to 0.15 m;
planting rice on a floating bed: 5-8 seedlings are placed in each planting hole 62 in the ecological floating bed 6; planting holes 62 are reserved on the ecological floating bed 6 every 3m, and bamboo piles are inserted to fix the position of the ecological floating bed 6 without transplanting rice seedlings;
sowing rice in the symbiotic area: sowing and raising seedlings in ten days in the middle of 5 months, transplanting seedlings at the beginning of 6 months, and transplanting seedlings by a machine according to the straight distance of 40cm and the row distance of 30cm, wherein 5500 clumps of seedlings are transplanted per mu;
stocking the Chinese soft-shelled turtles: during the floating bed rice seedling raising period, Chinese softshell turtle seedlings are put into the overwintering pond 2 and put for 10 days without feeding; feeding expanded pellet feed to the floating feeding frame 22 of the overwintering pond 2 after 10 days, and training the Chinese softshell turtles to find food at fixed points and at fixed times; after the green of the seedlings of the rice and turtle symbiotic block 5 is turned, the water level of the overwintering pond 2 is increased, so that the Chinese turtles freely crawl in the overwintering pond 2 and the rice and turtle symbiotic block 5;
managing rice on a floating bed: supplementing a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer within 7 days after the rice is transplanted, and then putting no fertilizer; when the rice straws grow to 1m, the rice straws and the bamboo piles are bundled and fixed by soft ropes; the water level of the ecological floating bed 6 is adjusted through the water level of the overwintering pond 2;
rice management in the symbiotic area: before transplanting, respectively applying 20kg of calcium superphosphate and ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizers per mu; after transplanting, 20kg of rapeseed cakes and 10kg of urea are used per mu; after 20 days of rice transplanting, 10kg of potassium chloride is used for topdressing per mu; shallow water service irrigation is mainly used in the early stage after seedling transplantation, and the water layer in the field is not more than 3-4 cm; after tillering, gradually raising the water level and keeping the water level at 10-15 cm; after 8 ten days in the middle of the month, filling deep water is mainly used; after 9 months, gradually draining water and copying, slowly discharging the water, and making the Chinese soft-shelled turtles climb into the overwintering pond 2;
and (3) cultivating and managing the Chinese soft-shelled turtles: feeding the Chinese soft-shelled turtles by using expanded pellet feed at the floating feeding frame 22 of the overwintering pond 2, and controlling the feeding time within 1 h; cleaning the residual bait in time, and regularly disinfecting and changing water;
and (3) harvesting products: harvesting rice on a floating bed: after the rice ears are mature in the middle ten days of 10 months, removing the bamboo piles, sequentially pulling the ecological floating bed 6 close to the edge of a dam for harvesting, and then threshing, drying, processing and storing; harvesting rice in the symbiotic area: harvesting, drying, processing and storing in the last 10 to 11 months; catching the Chinese soft-shelled turtles: during the harvesting period of the floating bed rice, the water level of the overwintering pond 2 is reduced, so that the Chinese soft-shelled turtles in the overwintering pond 2 can only enter but not exit, and an aluminum-plastic plate is arranged at the bottom of 10 months to separate the overwintering pond 2 from a rice-soft-shelled turtle symbiotic block 5; after the rice in the rice and turtle symbiotic block 5 is harvested, the Chinese turtles in the rice and turtle symbiotic block 5 are manually caught to the overwintering pond 2 for temporary culture.
In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may be different in the components, the shapes of the components, the names of the components, and the like, and the above description is only an illustration of the structure of the present invention. Equivalent or simple changes in the structure, characteristics and principles of the invention are included in the protection scope of the patent. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (10)
1. A floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system comprises a water channel (1); the device is characterized by also comprising a rice and turtle symbiotic block (5) and a plurality of overwintering ponds (2); the overwintering ponds (2) are arranged along the direction of the water channel (1); an agricultural machine channel (7) is arranged between the two adjacent overwintering ponds (2); a deep water ditch (3) is arranged between the overwintering pond (2) and the rice and turtle symbiotic block (5); the depth of the deep ditch (3) is greater than that of the overwintering pond (2); the deep water ditch (3) is also provided with a plurality of shallow water ditches (4); the shallow ditch (4) is vertical to the deep ditch (3); the overwintering pond (2) is connected with the rice and turtle symbiotic block (5) through a deep ditch (3) and a shallow ditch (4); the overwintering pond (2) is connected with the water channel (1) through a water inlet channel (21); a water outlet channel (23) is also arranged on the overwintering pond (2); a floating feeding frame (22) for feeding the Chinese softshell turtles is further arranged on one side, close to the water inlet channel (21), of the overwintering pond (2); a plurality of ecological floating beds (6) are also arranged on the overwintering pond (2); the ecological floating bed (6) is formed by splicing a plurality of polyethylene plates (61); the polyethylene plate (61) is provided with a plurality of planting holes (62) for planting rice.
2. The floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system according to claim 1, wherein a cement wall (24) is arranged around the overwintering pond (2); the height of the cement wall (24) on one side of the overwintering pond (2) close to the rice and turtle symbiotic block (5) is lower than that of the cement walls (24) on the other three sides of the overwintering pond (2).
3. The floating bed type rice-turtle symbiotic cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the area of the overwintering pond (2) is not more than 8% of the area of the rice-turtle symbiotic block (5).
4. The floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the deep water ditches (3) are parallel to the rice and turtle symbiotic blocks (5); the area of the deep ditch (3) is not more than 1% of the area of the rice and turtle symbiotic block (5).
5. The floating bed type rice-turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system according to claim 1, wherein escape-proof concrete walls are arranged around the rice-turtle symbiotic block (5).
6. The floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system according to claim 1, wherein the area of the ecological floating bed (6) is 45-55% of the area of the overwintering pond (2).
7. A planting method of the floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps:
floating bed rice seedling raising: selecting a rice variety with strong disease resistance, lodging resistance and spike separation, and carrying out seedling emergence in a dark seedling emergence mode in a stacked tray mode, uniformly placing the seedlings in a seedling raising field for cultivation, and manually transplanting the seedlings into an ecological floating bed (6) when the seedlings grow to 0.15 m;
planting rice on a floating bed: 5-8 seedlings are placed in each planting hole (62) in the ecological floating bed (6); the ecological floating bed (6) is also provided with a part of planting holes (62) for fixing the position of the ecological floating bed (6) by inserting bamboo piles without placing seedlings;
sowing rice in the symbiotic area: sowing and raising seedlings; transplanting seedlings by a machine according to the straight distance of 40cm and the row distance of 30cm, and transplanting 5500 clusters per mu;
stocking the Chinese soft-shelled turtles: during the floating bed rice seedling raising period, Chinese softshell turtle seedlings are put into the overwintering pond (2) and are put for 10 days without feeding; feeding expanded pellet feed to a floating feeding frame (22) of the overwintering pond (2) after 10 days, and training the Chinese soft-shelled turtles to find food at fixed points and at fixed times; after the seedlings of the rice and turtle symbiotic block (5) turn green, heightening the water level of the overwintering pond (2) to enable the Chinese turtles to freely crawl in the overwintering pond (2) and the rice and turtle symbiotic block (5);
managing rice on a floating bed: supplementing a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer within 7 days after the rice is transplanted, and then putting no fertilizer; when the rice straws grow to 1m, the rice straws and the bamboo piles are bundled and fixed by soft ropes; the water level of the ecological floating bed (6) is adjusted through the water level of the overwintering pond (2);
rice management in the symbiotic area: before transplanting, respectively applying 20kg of calcium superphosphate and ammonium bicarbonate as base fertilizers per mu; after transplanting, 20kg of rapeseed cakes and 10kg of urea are used per mu; after 20 days of rice transplanting, 10kg of potassium chloride is used for topdressing per mu;
and (3) cultivating and managing the Chinese soft-shelled turtles: feeding the Chinese soft-shelled turtles by using expanded pellet feed at a floating feeding frame (22) of the overwintering pond (2), and controlling the feeding time within 1 h;
and (3) harvesting products: harvesting rice on a floating bed: after the rice ears are mature, removing the bamboo piles, sequentially pulling the ecological floating bed (6) close to the edge of the dam for harvesting, and then threshing, drying, processing and storing; harvesting rice in the symbiotic area: harvesting, drying, processing and storing after the rice ears are mature; catching the Chinese soft-shelled turtles: during the harvesting period of the floating bed rice, the water level of the overwintering pond (2) is reduced, so that the Chinese soft-shelled turtles in the overwintering pond (2) can only enter but not exit, and then an aluminum-plastic plate is installed to separate the overwintering pond (2) from the rice soft-shelled turtle symbiotic block (5); after the rice in the rice and turtle symbiotic block (5) is harvested, the Chinese turtles in the rice and turtle symbiotic block (5) are manually caught in the overwintering pond (2) for temporary culture.
8. The planting and breeding method of the floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system according to claim 7, wherein in the floating bed rice planting step, planting holes (62) which are not used for transplanting rice seedlings are reserved on the ecological floating bed (6) every 3 m.
9. The planting and breeding method of the floating bed type rice and turtle symbiotic planting and breeding system according to claim 7, wherein the Chinese turtle breeding management step further comprises: the residual bait is cleaned in time, and the bait is disinfected and changed into water at regular intervals.
10. The planting and raising method of the floating-bed rice and turtle symbiotic planting and raising system according to claim 7, wherein the symbiotic zone rice management further comprises: shallow water service irrigation is mainly used in the early stage after seedling transplantation, and the water layer in the field is not more than 3-4 cm; after tillering, the water level is gradually increased and kept at 10 cm-15 cm.
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