CN1116694A - 更换一台机器的方法 - Google Patents

更换一台机器的方法 Download PDF

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CN1116694A
CN1116694A CN95107641A CN95107641A CN1116694A CN 1116694 A CN1116694 A CN 1116694A CN 95107641 A CN95107641 A CN 95107641A CN 95107641 A CN95107641 A CN 95107641A CN 1116694 A CN1116694 A CN 1116694A
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machine
top board
metal
metal framework
mounting hole
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CN1046579C (zh
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P·W·施塔德尔曼
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ABB Schweiz AG
Alstom SA
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ABB Management AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F01D25/285—Temporary support structures, e.g. for testing, assembling, installing, repairing; Assembly methods using such structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/28—Supporting or mounting arrangements, e.g. for turbine casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/006—Auxiliaries or details not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
    • F16M5/00—Engine beds, i.e. means for supporting engines or machines on foundations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49231—I.C. [internal combustion] engine making
    • Y10T29/49233—Repairing, converting, servicing or salvaging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49318—Repairing or disassembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49721—Repairing with disassembling
    • Y10T29/4973—Replacing of defective part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53983—Work-supported apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Punching Or Piercing (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

更换一组机器中一台机器的方法，在该方法的准备阶段中，在机组范围内安装一个金属框架(12)，在金属框架上装好一台带轴承的新机器(5b)，并进行找正和试验。在该方法的更换阶段中，首先使被更换的机器与其余的机器脱离连接并用起重设备吊离顶板(7)，然后把金属支柱(13)置入顶板的安装孔范围内并与底板(9)连接，再用起重设备把新的机器(5b)和金属框架(12)一起吊落到金属支柱(13)上并在找正后与金属支柱连接。

Description

更换一台机器的方法
本发明涉及一种更换一组机器中的一台机器的方法，这组机器的关键的、相互连接的机器布置在一个共同的顶板上，顶板通过单根支柱直接或通过底板锚定在地基上，并且在顶板上留有机器的安装孔。
这种机器设备主要指火力发电厂的多缸式涡轮机组，它由各个涡轮机和发电机组成。
如要更换其中的一台机器，则顶板安装孔的尺寸必须与新机器的尺寸相适应。
在扩大安装孔的情况下，须凿掉混凝土并切除钢筋；如须缩小安装孔尺寸，则须通过凿掉混凝土使钢筋外露，附加新的钢筋、装模板和浇灌混凝土。
进行这种混凝土作业会产生大量噪声和尘埃，并且很费工时。此外，由于汽轮机组停机时间长，还会造成大量费用损失。
其中，缩小顶板安装孔的尺寸特别费时，因为使原来的钢筋外露并配置部分新的钢筋须仔细进行，而且原混凝土表面也必须仔细处理和准备方能使新浇的混凝土和顶板牢固连接。
本发明的任务在于通过一种更换上述类型的机器设备的一台机器的方法，以避免在缩小顶板的安装孔时进行费时的和费用损失很大的混凝土作业。
本发明按下述阶段解决以上任务：
准备阶段：在机器设备范围内安装一个金属框架，在金属框架上安装一台新的带支座的机器并找正和试验。
更换阶段：使被更换的机器与其余的机器脱离连接并用起重设备吊离顶板；把金属支柱置入顶板安装孔范围内并与底板或地基连接；用起重设备把新的机器连同金属框架吊落到金属支柱上并在找正结束后与金属支柱连接。
本发明的优点在于可大大缩短更换一台机器所需的时间并可省掉费工的混凝土作业。可在汽轮机组停机前安装好新的机器并进行试验，这样就可缩短汽轮机组的停机时间。由于金属框架是单独支承的，所以可通过金属支柱的数量和尺寸来达到新机器要求的动态特性。
因此，金属框架与顶板的连接最好是可调的。这样，机器-金属框架单元的动态特性就不受顶板的影响。
下面结合附图更换汽轮机组的发电机的一个实施例来详细说明本发明。其中：
图1一个带基础的机器设备的纵断面侧示图；
图2由顶板和单根支柱构成的基础的透视图；
图3在更换发电机后沿图2剖面线III-III剖开的横断面图；
图4装入金属框架没有装发电机的俯视图。
为了便于理解本发明起见，在图中只示出了用来说明新方法的主要部件。
图1所示的机器设备是一汽轮机组它主要由一台高压涡轮机1、一台中压涡轮机2和一台与冷凝器4相连的低压涡轮机3构成。高压、中压、低压涡轮机相互连接并与一台发电机5和一台励磁机6连接。涡轮机组装在由一块顶板7、多根支柱8以及一块底板9构成的基础上。在顶板7中只能看到其中的横梁，底板9放在地基上。
图2表示没有安装汽轮机组时的基础。顶板上预留的安装孔10用来安装低压涡轮机3；而安装孔11则用来安装发电机。这种基础既可以是整体的混凝土基础，也可以是具有单个支柱的弹簧基础。
为了说明本发明，假定装在图2所示基础上的发电机5a要在最短的期限内由一台直径较小的新发电机5b更换。
据此，被更换的机器5a和新接的机器5b下面指的是发电机，而机组的其余部分则指高压、中压、低压涡轮机1～3。
更换过程在时间上分为两个阶段。
在准备阶段中，须采取如下措施：
假设在机组附近，特别是发电机附近有一块平坦地面可用来安装金属框架12。按照图3和4，金属框架12设计成使其外部尺寸小于顶板安装孔11，而其内部尺寸则大于新的发电机5b。
发电机5b装在金属框架12上。把定子装上后，装上轴承座，把转子装入定子并支在轴承中。将发电机最后找正后与金属框架12牢固连接。下面把新的发电机5b和金属框架12这一单元称为更换单元。借助一台在图中未示出的电机进行电气试验。
在发电机的上方没有起重设备的情况下，要设置一台能提升和移动发电机的起重设备。一般为移动式起重设备(图中未示出)。
在更换阶段，在停机的涡轮机组中，先使发电机5a与低压涡轮机3脱离连接，并松开它与顶板7的连接，用起重设备把发电机5 a吊起并放在机组的旁边。然后，如图3和4所示，把至少四根金属支柱13装入顶板的安装孔中并固定在底板9上。一种可能的固定方式例如用螺栓连接，随后浇灌混凝土固定。
然后用起重设备把更换单元(5b，12)吊到顶板7的上方并降落到金属支柱13上。通过垫以图中未示出的不同厚度的垫片对更换单元的垂直高度进行调整。因此，更换单元可能需要进行多次起吊和降落。用适当的推移工具对更换单元进行纵向和横向找正。
在调整工作结束后，譬如通过螺钉来完成金属框架12与金属支柱13之间的固定连接。
此外，如图3和4所示，金属框架12与顶板7的连接是可调的。为此，譬如在顶板7上装一块带矩形槽20的金属板，并在金属框架上装一个与槽20相配合的金属键21。为了便于说明，在图4中示出了一种可行的四个键槽连接系统的方案。
更换阶段到此结束，然后连接发电机5b并进行全部必要的连接。
本发明当然不限于按附图描述的方法。在考虑几何要求，特别是在考虑动态特性的情况下，金属框架和金属支柱也可采用另外的结构方案。原则上，任意的其它键槽形状和配置均适用于金属框架和顶板的可调连接。

Claims (5)

1.更换一组机器中的一台机器(5a)的方法，机组的关键的相互连接的机器(1-6)装在一个共同的顶板(7)上，顶板通过单根支柱(8)直接或通过底板(9)锚定在地基上，并且在顶板上留有机器的安装孔(10，11)，其特征在于：在准备阶段，在机组范围内安装一个金属框架(12)，并在金属框架上完成带轴承的新机器(5b)的装配、找正和试验；在更换阶段，先使被更换的机器(5a)与其余的机器部分(1-3)脱离连接并用起重设备吊离顶板(7)，然后把金属支柱(13)装入顶板安装孔(11)的范围并与底板(9)或地基连接，再用起重设备把新的机器(5b)连同金属框架(12)吊落到金属支柱(13)上并在找正结束后与支柱连接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，金属框架(12)与顶板(7)的连接是可调的。
3.按照权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，可调连接是一个键槽系统。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，通过金属支柱(13)的数量和形状使更换后的新的机器达到要求的动态特性。
5.实施权利要求1所述方法的更换单元(5b，12)，其特征在于，将一台固定在一个金属框架(12)上并经过最终找正的机器(5b)从顶板(7)安装孔(11)四周留有间隙放入后放在与地基或底板(9)锚定在一起的并伸入安装孔(11)的多根金属支柱(13)上。
CN95107641A 1994-07-02 1995-06-28 更换一台机器的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1046579C (zh)

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DE4423324A DE4423324A1 (de) 1994-07-02 1994-07-02 Verfahren zum Austausch eines Maschinenteils
DEP4423324.8 1994-07-02

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US (2) US5675881A (zh)
EP (1) EP0690260B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH0842305A (zh)
CN (1) CN1046579C (zh)
AT (1) ATE172015T1 (zh)
CZ (1) CZ290294B6 (zh)
DE (2) DE4423324A1 (zh)
HR (1) HRP950229B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2144642C1 (zh)
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CN102624147B (zh) * 2011-01-26 2016-03-23 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 改进发电厂的方法

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CZ290294B6 (cs) 2002-07-17
DE59503834D1 (de) 1998-11-12
CN1046579C (zh) 1999-11-17
UA34470C2 (uk) 2001-03-15
HRP950229A2 (en) 1997-02-28
US5992906A (en) 1999-11-30
RU2144642C1 (ru) 2000-01-20
EP0690260A1 (de) 1996-01-03
JPH0842305A (ja) 1996-02-13
CZ172795A3 (en) 1997-03-12
DE4423324A1 (de) 1996-01-04
HRP950229B1 (en) 1999-12-31
US5675881A (en) 1997-10-14
ATE172015T1 (de) 1998-10-15
EP0690260B1 (de) 1998-10-07
RU95110702A (ru) 1997-04-20

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