CN111647291B - 一种超疏水复合材料及其应用 - Google Patents

一种超疏水复合材料及其应用 Download PDF

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CN111647291B
CN111647291B CN202010523312.6A CN202010523312A CN111647291B CN 111647291 B CN111647291 B CN 111647291B CN 202010523312 A CN202010523312 A CN 202010523312A CN 111647291 B CN111647291 B CN 111647291B
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composite material
hydrophobic
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CN111647291A (zh
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史继富
陈伟江
唐杰
陈景芝
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Jinan University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种超疏水复合材料及其应用，所述超疏水复合材料具有吸收紫外线，防老化的性能，还具有防静电吸附功能。本发明制备的超疏水复合材料可应用在汽车领域、建筑外墙领域或纺织物领域。

Description

一种超疏水复合材料及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于超疏水复合材料领域，具体涉及一种超疏水复合材料及其应用。
背景技术
超疏水表面是指表面与水滴的接触角(CA)超过150°，滚动角(SA)小于10°的材料表面。超疏水材料由于具有超疏水和易滚动的特点，因此具有防水和自清洁的特性，将超疏水复合材料应用在汽车漆面，可以提升漆面的耐沾污性能，减少洗车频率，节约资源。
疏水性是指疏水物和水之间互相排斥的物理性质，自然界中存在着许多疏水现象，如荷叶的自清洁效应等。目前，目前超疏水材料虽然在理论研究上取得了重大进展，但是在实际应用方面仍然面临着耐候性差，紫外线对超疏水材料的破坏，导致超疏水材料使用寿命较短。另外，超疏水表面虽然具有自清洁的作用，但是灰尘容易沉积在表面，久而久之灰尘牢固附着在超疏水材料的表面，使得超疏水材料的疏水特性被遮盖。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术的缺陷，本发明的首要目的是提供一种超疏水复合材料的制备方法，该制备方法具有操作简单的特性。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种超疏水复合材料。
本发明的第三目的是提供一种超疏水复合材料的应用。
本发明的首要目的可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：
一种超疏水复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将纳米材料、含氟修饰剂、粘接剂、醇溶剂以及超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)按照质量份数比为15～20:1:1:77.8～82.8:0.2配置；
(2)将纳米材料、含氟修饰剂、粘接剂、醇溶剂以及添加剂(I)依次加入醇溶剂中混合搅拌均匀，得到超疏水复合材料。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中纳米材料、含氟修饰剂、粘接剂、醇溶剂以及超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)按照质量份数比为15:1:1:82.8:0.2配置。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中纳米材料、含氟修饰剂、粘接剂、醇溶剂以及超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)按照质量份数比为20:1:1:77.8:0.2配置。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中纳米材料是二氧化硅、二氧化锡、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钒、二氧化锰和氧化镍中的任何一种。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中含氟修饰剂为含有氟原子的硅烷偶联剂，如常见的全氟硅烷(AFS)；添加的含氟修饰剂可以降低超疏水涂层的表面张力，提高疏水效果。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中粘接剂为有机硅胶、聚氨酯胶和环氧树脂胶的任何一种；所述粘接剂的作用就是对纳米材料进行粘接。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中醇溶剂是甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇和异丁醇中的至少一种。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)的分子结构式如下：
Figure GDA0003261695050000021
其中R为碳原子数为1-30的烷基，X为氯或溴中的任何一种。
优选地，所述R为碳原子数为12-30的烷基，X为溴。
优选地，所述R为碳原子数为1-5的烷基，X为溴。
优选地，所述R为乙烷基，X为溴。
优选地，所述步骤(1)中超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(a)将维生素B1加入碱性水溶液，搅拌，过滤，洗涤，得产物(II)；
(b)将步骤(a)中过滤得到的产物(II)加入有机溶剂中搅拌，同时加入RX，加热回流，将得到的沉淀过滤分离，即可得到超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)。
所述超疏水复合材料添加剂合成过程见图1，此处超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)的合成原理为：维生素B1的嘧啶上的铵根离子与碱的氢氧根离子发生中和反应，生成产物(II)；产物(II)在有机溶剂下跟RX，加热回流，发生亲和取代反应，生成超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)，其中RX为碳原子数为1-30的溴代烷基化合物或氯代烷基化合物。
优选地，所述步骤(a)中碱性水溶液可以是氨水、氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液中的任何一种，所述摩尔浓度为2mol/L；所述维生素B1与碱性水溶液的质量比为1:1。
优选地，所述碱性水溶液为氢氧化钠水溶液。
优选地，所述步骤(b)中RX为氯代烷基化合物或溴代烷基化合物，其中R为碳原子数为1-30的烷基，所属生成的产物(II)以及RX的摩尔比为1:3～1:3.3。
优选地，所述产物(II)的分子结构式如下：
Figure GDA0003261695050000031
本发明的第二目的是通过可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：
一种超疏水复合材料，通过上述制备方法得到。
本发明的第三目的是通过可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：
一种超疏水复合材料的应用。
优选地，所述超疏水复合材料在汽车领域的应用，所述超疏水复合材料喷涂或滚涂在汽车漆面。
优选地，所述超疏水复合材料在建筑外墙的应用，所述超疏水复合材料喷涂或滚涂在水泥、瓷砖、真石漆或丙烯酸涂料基底的表面。
优选地，所述超疏水复合材料在纺织物中的应用，所述超疏水复合材料喷涂、滚涂或浸轧在天然的织物棉、麻、丝上，或者是用在化纤类织物腈纶、锦纶、涤纶、尼龙的表面。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的有益效果：
1、本发明制备的超疏水复合材料具有吸收紫外线，防老化的性能；本发明的超疏水复合材料包括纳米材料、含氟修饰剂、粘接剂、醇溶剂以及超疏水复合材料添加剂，所述超疏水复合材料添加剂的嘧啶环具有吸收紫外线功能，可以将吸收的紫外光以热量的形式释放掉，本发明制备的超疏水复合材料可以很好的解决目前超疏水涂层存在的紫外线对超疏水材料的破坏的问题，延长超疏水复合材料的使用寿命。
2、本发明制备的超疏水复合材料具有防静电吸附功能；由于超疏水复合材料添加剂含有3个季铵根离子，带正电荷，而空气中的粉尘所带电荷多为正电荷，因此带正电荷的灰尘不会附着在含有超疏水复合材料添加剂的超疏水复合材料涂层上面，可以解决超疏水复合材料表面容易沉积灰尘，使得其疏水特性被遮盖的问题。
3、本发明制备的的超疏水复合材料，当添加的超疏水复合材料添加剂中R为碳原子数为12-30的烷基时，制备的超疏水复合材料接触角可以达到160°左右，可以进一步提高超疏水材料的疏水性。
4、本发明的超疏水复合材料添加剂分子结构末端还有羟基，在制备超疏水复合材料时，超疏水复合材料添加剂可以借助羟基与纳米材料表面的羟基进行缩合，也可以和粘接剂进行键和，提高超疏水复合材料添加剂在超疏水涂层中的附着力。
5、本发明超疏水复合材料添加剂的制备方法操作简单。
附图说明
图1为本实施例1中添加剂(I)合成过程示意图。
图2是本实施例1中制备的超疏水复合材料涂层的SEM图。
图3是本实施例2中制备的超疏水复合材料涂层的SEM。
图4是本实施例2中制备的超疏水复合材料涂层的SEM,局部放大图。
图5是本实施例2中测试的制备超疏水涂层前后的接触角。
图6是本实施例3中制备的超疏水复合材料涂层的SEM图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本实施例1至4级对比例1至2所涉及的器材及各物质原料都是从市面上购买。所涉及的制备方法和工艺也为常规的制备方法和工艺。
实施例1
超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)的制备:
(1)将5g维生素B1加入100ml摩尔浓度为2mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液中，搅拌，此时氢氧化钠和维生素B1嘧啶环上的铵根离子发生中和反应，得到产物(II)，并在水中沉淀下来，将此沉淀过滤洗涤烘干，得到4.2g产物(II)；
(2)将3g步骤(1)得到的产物(II)加入有DMSO中，同时加入2g溴乙烷搅拌，加热回流24h，此时产物(II)和溴乙烷发生亲和取代反应，得到添加剂(I)，并在DMSO中沉淀下来，将得到的沉淀添加剂(I)过滤分离，得到3.2g超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)产物。
优选地，所述碱性水溶液也可以是氨水、氢氧化钾溶液中的任何一种，对产率几乎没影响。所述溴乙烷也可以是氯乙烷，或者是碳原子数为1-30的溴代烷基化合物或氯代烷基化合物。
对比例1
将150g二氧化硅、10g FAS、10g有机硅胶分别加入828g乙醇中搅拌分散30分钟，即可得到超疏水材料(1)。
对比例2
将200g二氧化硅、10g FAS、10g有机硅胶分别加入778g乙醇中搅拌分散30分钟，即可得到超疏水材料(2)。
实施例2
超疏水复合材料的制备：
将150g二氧化硅、10g FAS、10g有机硅胶以及2g实施例1制备的添加剂(I)分别加入828g乙醇中搅拌分散30分钟，即可得到超疏水复合材料。
优选地，二氧化硅可以替换为二氧化锡、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钒、二氧化锰、氧化镍中的任何一种，对生产复合材料的性能无影响；将粘接剂有机硅胶替换为聚氨酯胶和环氧树脂胶的任何一种，对生产复合材料也基本无影响。配置超疏水复合材料用的醇除了乙醇外，也可以是甲醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇等。
实施例3
超疏水复合材料的制备：
将200g二氧化硅、10g FAS、10g有机硅胶、以及2g实施例1制备的添加剂(I)分别加入778g乙醇中搅拌分散30分钟，即可得到超疏水复合材料。图3是制备的本实施例超疏水复合材料表面的SEM图，图4是制备的本实施例超疏水复合材料表面的SEM图局部放大图。
优选地，二氧化硅可以替换为二氧化锡、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钒、二氧化锰、氧化镍中的任何一种，对生产复合材料的性能无影响；将粘接剂有机硅胶替换为聚氨酯胶和环氧树脂胶的任何一种，对生产复合材料也基本无影响。配置超疏水复合材料用的醇除了乙醇外，也可以是甲醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇等。
实施例4
1、超疏水复合材料在汽车领域耐紫外线和防静电能力的测定
将对比例1制得的超疏水材料(1)、对比例1制得的超疏水材料(2)、实施例2制备得到的超疏水复合材料、实施例3制备得到的超疏水复合材料以及市售普通超疏水材料喷涂或滚涂在汽车漆面上，然后进行性能测试(图2是汽车漆面上制备的超疏水表面的SEM图)，结果如下表1：
表1
Figure GDA0003261695050000071
从表1中可以看到，本实施例制备的超疏水复合材料，耐紫外性能可达到2000h以上，放置在室外，测试其保持超疏水的时间(即防静电性能)，至少大于2年；如果没有超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)，耐紫外性能仅为60h，室外保持超疏水性能的时间仅为102天。说明超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)确实可以提升耐紫外性能和防静电性能；而市售的普通超疏水材料，耐紫外和室外保持超疏水时间分别为100小时和120天，也说明了本实施例制备的超疏水复合材料在耐紫外线和防静电的性能优于市售的普通超疏水材料。
2、超疏水复合材料喷涂在织物表面耐紫外线、防静电能力的测定
将对比例1制得的超疏水材料(1)、对比例1制得的超疏水材料(2)、实施例2制备得到的超疏水复合材料、实施例3制备得到的超疏水复合材料以及市售普通超疏水材料将喷涂在织物表面，然后进行性能测试如图5所示为测试用织物使用超疏水材料前后接触角的对比图，没做超疏水涂层的织物，其接触角仅有5°，做了超疏水涂层后，接触角高达156°。
将使用本实施例超疏水复合材料含有超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)及不含有超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)的织物以及市售超同类产品做耐紫外线的测试，具体数据记录如表2：
表2
Figure GDA0003261695050000072
通过表2数据可以看出，本实施例制备的超疏水复合材料，耐紫外性能可达到1800h以上，放置在室外，测试其保持超疏水的时间(既防静电性能)，至少大于2年。如果没有超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)，耐紫外性能仅为60h，户外保持超疏水性能的时间仅为102天。说明超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)确实可以提升疏水复合材料耐紫外性能和防静电性能。而市售的普通超疏水材料，耐紫外和室外保持超疏水时间分别为100小时和120天，也说明了本实施例制备的超疏水复合材料具有优良的性能。
此外，上述测试结果基本不受基底种类的影响，棉、麻、丝、腈纶、锦纶、涤纶、尼龙等织物，测试结果相差不大。在上述配方中，将二氧化硅替换为二氧化锡、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钒、二氧化锰、氧化镍中的任何一种，对性能无影响；将粘接剂有机硅胶替换为聚氨酯胶和环氧树脂胶的任何一种，其性能也基本无影响。配置超疏水复合材料用的醇除了乙醇外，也可以是甲醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇等。
3、超疏水复合材料喷涂在水泥表面耐紫外线和防静电能力的测定
将对比例1制得的超疏水材料(1)、对比例1制得的超疏水材料(2)、实施例2制备得到的超疏水复合材料、实施例3制备得到的超疏水复合材料以及市售普通超疏水材料喷涂在水泥表面，然后进行性能测试(图6是制备的超疏水表面的SEM图)，结果如下表3：
表3
Figure GDA0003261695050000081
可以看到，本实施例的超疏水外墙复合材料，耐紫外性能可达到2000h以上，放置在室外，测试其保持超疏水的时间(既防静电性能)，至少大于2年。如果没有添加剂(I)，耐紫外性能仅为60h，室外保持超疏水性能的时间仅为102天。说明添加剂(I)确实可以提升耐紫外性能和防静电性能。而市售的普通超疏水材料，耐紫外和室外保持超疏水时间分别为100小时和120天，也说明了本专利的外墙超疏水复合材料具有优良的性能。
以上所述，仅为本发明专利较佳的实施例，但本发明专利的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明专利所公开的范围内，根据本发明专利的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都属于本发明专利的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种超疏水复合材料，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将纳米材料、含氟修饰剂、粘接剂、醇溶剂以及超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)按照质量份数比为15～20:1:1:77.8～82.8:0.2配置；
(2)将纳米材料、含氟修饰剂、粘接剂、醇溶剂以及添加剂(I)依次加入醇溶剂中混合搅拌均匀，得到超疏水复合材料；
所述步骤(1)中超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(a)将维生素B1加入碱性水溶液，搅拌，过滤，洗涤，得产物(II)；
(b)将步骤(a)中过滤得到的产物(II)加入有机溶剂中搅拌，同时加入RX，加热回流，将得到的沉淀过滤分离，即可得到超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)；
所述维生素B1的分子结构式如下：
Figure FDA0003312330340000011
所述产物(II)的分子结构式如下：
Figure FDA0003312330340000012
2.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水复合材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(a)中碱性水溶液是氨水、氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液中的任何一种，所述摩尔浓度为2mol/L；所述维生素B1与碱性水溶液的质量比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水复合材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(b)中RX为氯代烷基化合物或溴代烷基化合物，其中R为碳原子数为1-30的烷基，所属生成的产物(II)以及RX的摩尔比为1:3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水复合材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中纳米材料、含氟修饰剂、粘接剂、醇溶剂以及超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)按照质量份数比为15:1:1:82.8:0.2配置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水复合材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中纳米材料是二氧化硅、二氧化锡、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钒、二氧化锰和氧化镍中的任何一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水复合材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中超疏水复合材料添加剂(I)的分子结构式如下：
Figure FDA0003312330340000021
其中R为碳原子数为1-30的烷基，X为氯或溴中的任何一种。
7.一种根据权利要求1至6任一项所述超疏水复合材料的应用。。
8.根据权利要求7所述超疏水复合材料的应用，其特征在于，所述超疏水复合材料应用在汽车领域、建筑外墙领域或纺织物领域。
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