CN108504284B - 一种纳米超疏水材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种纳米超疏水材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108504284B
CN108504284B CN201810346629.XA CN201810346629A CN108504284B CN 108504284 B CN108504284 B CN 108504284B CN 201810346629 A CN201810346629 A CN 201810346629A CN 108504284 B CN108504284 B CN 108504284B
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孙文明
刘永定
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种纳米超疏水材料的制备方法,制备方法如下:首先,将纳米二氧化硅超声分散在部分无水乙醇溶液中,随后将硅烷偶联剂加入到混合液中快速搅拌,搅拌2个小时(水浴温度为60℃),室温陈化24小时,得到溶液A。其次,将硅烷偶联剂加入到剩余无水乙醇溶液中快速搅拌2小时,然后加入气相二氧化硅继续搅拌30分钟,最后缓慢滴加全氟硅烷,剧烈搅拌5小时,得到溶液B。最后,将上述溶液A和溶液B混合搅拌2小时,加入成膜剂,继续搅拌2小时,得到纳米超疏水材料。本发明具有以下优点:超疏水性能稳定持久、无腐蚀、无环境污染、工艺简单、成本低廉、应用范围广。

Description

一种纳米超疏水材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于疏水材料的制备领域,特别涉及一种纳米超疏水材料的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,超疏水材料备受人们关注。超疏水材料是一种基于纳米尺寸的材料,当疏水的表面通过构造粗糙度,制备出微米-纳米阶层结构的时候,即可产生超疏水效应。通常将水接触角在150°以上、滚动角小于10°的表面称为超疏水表面,常见的超疏水现象,即荷叶表面的自清洁现象,落在荷叶表面的水珠可以自由滚动,荷叶表面的一些颗粒物可以被滚动的水珠带走,这就赋予了荷叶出污泥而不染的性能。目前,超疏水材料已被广泛应用,主要体现在以下几个方面:超疏水材料用于玻璃(尤其是高墙玻璃、汽车挡风玻璃等)、陶瓷、混凝土、木材等建筑上,可以使其具有自清洁(利用雨水就可以保持清洁的外观)或易于清洗的效果; 超疏水材料用于船舶、舰艇的防污、防腐蚀,在船体表面的涂覆超疏水材料后,可以隔绝海水与船体的直接接触,从而降低海水腐蚀和表面氧化,同时也降低了它们与水流之间的摩擦阻力;超疏水材料用于服装等纺织品上,可以起到防水防污和自清洁的效果,开发时尚防风雨的服装;超疏水材料用于高降雪地区的卫星天线或户外标牌上,可以防止因积雪导致的信号中断或外观模糊。
虽然超疏水材料的实验和理论研究已有很多报道,但由于通过构筑特殊的微/纳阶层结构来提高材料的疏水性就会导致其机械强度低的缺点,很容易在使用过程中受到破坏而失去其超疏水性能。同时,超疏水材料通常为非极性的有机物,在普通的溶剂中很难溶或不溶,因此,一般的超疏水材料都使用有毒性的有机溶剂(如甲苯、二甲苯等)来作为分散剂,不仅会对环境的大气造成污染,而且在施工过程中也会对工作人员的身体健康造成伤害。另外,由于所用溶剂具有腐蚀性,对应用的基材也有一定的限制作用,例如基材漆面本身成分就含有树脂类物质,很容易被所用的有机溶剂溶解而遭到破坏。因此,有必要发明一种环境友好型、疏水能力强、高附着力、低成本,并可以广泛应用于多领域的纳米超疏水材料。
发明内容
本发明提供一种环境友好型、疏水能力强、高附着力、低成本的纳米超疏水材料的制备方法,可用于任何基材表面(如:玻璃、金属、陶瓷等)。
本发明克服了传统超疏水材料疏水能力弱、应用范围窄、低附着力、污染环境等问题。
本发明纳米超疏水材料的优点是:超疏水性能稳定持久、无腐蚀、无环境污染、应用范围广。
本发明采取以下技术方案:纳米超疏水材料,其特征在于:纳米二氧化硅0.2%~0.5%,气相二氧化硅0.3%~0.7%、无水乙醇82.8%~93.5%、氟硅烷2%~5%、硅烷偶联剂2%~6%、成膜剂2%~5%。
所述的纳米超疏水材料,其特征是:所述纳米超疏水材料中的纳米二氧化硅粒子大小为5nm-15nm。
所述的纳米超疏水材料,其特征是:所述纳米超疏水材料中的气相二氧化硅为疏水气相二氧化硅。
所述的纳米超疏水材料,其特征是:所述纳米超疏水材料中的氟硅烷为1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种。
所述的纳米超疏水材料,其特征是:所述纳米超疏水材料中的硅烷偶联剂为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、 γ―(2,3-环氧丙氧) 丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
所述的纳米超疏水材料,其特征是:所述纳米超疏水材料中的成膜剂为丙烯酸树脂成膜剂、丁二烯树脂成膜剂、聚氨酯成膜剂中的一种或多种。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
步骤一:将0.2 g纳米二氧化硅超声分散在40g无水乙醇溶液中,随后将1g γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷加入到混合液中快速搅拌,搅拌2个小时(水浴温度为60℃),室温陈化24小时,得到溶液A;步骤二:将1g γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷加入到53.5g无水乙醇溶液中快速搅拌2小时,然后加入0.3g气相二氧化硅继续搅拌30分钟,最后缓慢滴加2g 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷,剧烈搅拌5小时,得到溶液B;步骤三:将上述溶液A和溶液B混合搅拌2小时,加入2g 丙烯酸树脂成膜剂,继续搅拌2小时,得到纳米超疏水材料。
将上述制备的纳米超疏水材料喷涂在干净的玻璃片上,放入110℃烘干箱中,干燥2个小时,利用接触角仪(OCA20 machine Data-Physics)测试样品的接触角,接触角约为152°。
实施例2:
步骤一:将0.3 g纳米二氧化硅超声分散在40 g无水乙醇溶液中,随后将2g γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷加入到混合液中快速搅拌,搅拌2个小时(水浴温度为60℃),室温陈化24小时,得到溶液A;步骤二:将2gγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入到48.2g无水乙醇溶液中快速搅拌2小时,然后加入0.5g气相二氧化硅继续搅拌30分钟,最后缓慢滴加3g1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷,剧烈搅拌5小时,得到溶液B;步骤三:将上述溶液A和溶液B混合搅拌2小时,加入2g 丙烯酸树脂成膜剂和2g 丁二烯树脂成膜剂,继续搅拌2小时,得到纳米超疏水材料。
将上述制备的纳米超疏水材料喷涂在干净的铝板上,放入80℃烘干箱中,干燥4个小时,利用接触角仪(OCA20 machine Data-Physics)测试样品的接触角,接触角约为156°。
实施例三:
步骤一:将0.5 g纳米二氧化硅超声分散在40g无水乙醇溶液中,随后将2g γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷加入到混合液中快速搅拌,搅拌2个小时(水浴温度为60℃),室温陈化24小时,得到溶液A;步骤二:将2gγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和2gγ―(2,3-环氧丙氧) 丙基三甲氧基硅烷加入到42.8g无水乙醇溶液中快速搅拌2小时,然后加入0.7g气相二氧化硅继续搅拌30分钟,最后缓慢滴加5g 1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷,剧烈搅拌5小时,得到溶液B;步骤三:将上述溶液A和溶液B混合搅拌2小时,加入2g 丙烯酸树脂成膜剂、1g 丁二烯树脂成膜剂、2g聚氨酯成膜剂,继续搅拌2小时,得到纳米超疏水材料。
将上述制备的纳米超疏水材料喷涂在干净的汽车板材上,放入100℃烘干箱中,干燥3个小时,利用接触角仪(OCA20 machine Data-Physics)测试样品的接触角,接触角约为162°。

Claims (4)

1.一种纳米超疏水材料的制备方法,其特征在于,组分及重量比为:
纳米二氧化硅0.2%~0.5%,气相二氧化硅0.3%~0.7%、无水乙醇82.8%~93.5%、氟硅烷2%~5%、硅烷偶联剂2%~6%、成膜剂2%~5%;所述纳米二氧化硅粒子大小为5nm-15nm;所述气相二氧化硅为疏水气相二氧化硅;所述纳米超疏水材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:将纳米二氧化硅超声分散在部分无水乙醇溶液中,随后将硅烷偶联剂加入到混合液中快速搅拌,水浴温度为60℃的条件下搅拌2个小时,室温陈化24小时,得到溶液A;
步骤二:将硅烷偶联剂加入到剩余无水乙醇溶液中快速搅拌2小时,然后加入气相二氧化硅继续搅拌30分钟,最后缓慢滴加全氟硅烷,剧烈搅拌5小时,得到溶液B;
步骤三:将上述溶液A和溶液B混合搅拌2小时,加入成膜剂,继续搅拌2小时,得到纳米超疏水材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米超疏水材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米超疏水材料中的氟硅烷为1H ,1H ,2H ,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、1H ,1H ,2H ,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米超疏水材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米超疏水材料中的硅烷偶联剂为γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ―(2 ,3-环氧丙氧) 丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米超疏水材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米超疏水材料中的成膜剂为丙烯酸树脂成膜剂、丁二烯树脂成膜剂、聚氨酯成膜剂中的一种或多种。
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