CN111607214A - 一种相变蓄能阻燃材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种相变蓄能阻燃材料的制备方法。该材料组份包括聚乙二醇、触变剂、玻璃纤维、阻燃剂。因其相变焓高，导热性及稳定性好、环境友好等特点，该材料可广泛应用于锂电池等工作时易升温的电器组件，起到相变蓄能并保护被包覆材料的作用。其相变焓可达到120J/g以上，同时阻燃等级可达V‑1级以上；另外该材料还有触变性高的特色，使其具备良好的热稳定性，极高的形状保持能力，可反复使用多次；解决了市场上同类产品无法兼顾高相变焓、阻燃性、形状保持能力的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种相变蓄能阻燃材料的制备方法，确切的说，本发明涉及一种以聚乙二醇、触变剂、玻璃纤维、阻燃剂等为主要成分，可用于电池散热等方面的相变蓄能材料的制备方法。
背景技术
相变蓄能材料从固态向液态转变时，要经历物理状态的变化。在这两种相变过程中，材料要从环境中吸热，反之，向环境放热。在物理状态发生变化时可以储存或释放的能量称为相变热，发生相变的温度范围很窄。在这个物理状态发生变化的相变过程中，材料自身的温度在相变完成前几乎维持不变。大量相变热被转移到环境中，产生了一个宽的温度平台。相变材料的出现，使得恒温时间延长。其原理是：相变材料在热量的传输过程中将能量储存起来，就像热阻一样将可以延长能量传输时间，使温度梯度减小。
相变蓄能材料的出现可用于提高能源利用效率和保护环境等，尤其是其储热密度大、过程容易控制、温度范围可控等特点，已经成为储热技术领域的研究重点。有机复合相变蓄能材料可以综合各种其他材料的优点，无毒无味，稳定性高，在恒温控制领域，如储能回收利用、建筑保暖和太阳能利用等方面已有较广泛应用。
相变蓄能材料的核心参数为相变焓，该参数数值越高，代表该材料可储存的热量越大，即该材料的实际应用效果也越好，目前市场上常用的相变蓄能材料的主材料为石蜡、脂酸类、多元醇等，其中聚乙二醇因其相变焓高、相变温度区间适中等原因广受欢迎，如不考虑其他性能，相变焓可达到150J/g以上，但相变蓄能材料在实际应用中，往往会考虑到阻燃、形状保持能力等性能，如提高这些方面方面的性能，则势必降低材料最终的相变焓。目前，市场上的相变蓄能材料大多数不具有阻燃效果，个别阻燃效果好的，其相变焓参数也较低，形状保持能力也差强人意。因此，高相变焓、阻燃等级高、形状保持能力好的相变蓄能阻燃材料，是目前行业的开发难题，市场需求量大，应用前景广阔。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提出了一种新颖的复合相变蓄能阻燃材料及其制备方法，该材料兼具有相变焓高、阻燃性好、形状保持能力好等特点，可用于电池包的吸热散热。
本发明提出了一种相变蓄能阻燃材料的制备方法，该材料为一种复合材料，包括聚乙二醇、触变剂、玻璃纤维、阻燃剂等，这几种原材料在加温的条件下高速搅拌混合。
聚乙二醇的重量份数为65-80份；触变剂的重量份数为2-8份；玻璃纤维的重量份数为2-8份；阻燃剂的重量份数为15-25份。
优选地，所述的聚乙二醇为分子量在4000-10000的固体，如聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇6000、聚乙二醇8000、聚乙二醇10000等多种不同聚乙二醇中的一种或多种。聚乙二醇作为相变材料的主材料，具有相变焓高、相变温度区间可调可控的特点。
优选地，所述的触变剂为纳米碳酸钙、二氧化硅、有机膨润土其中的一种或多种。触变剂可以增强材料的形状保持能力。
优选地，所述的玻璃纤维为短切玻璃纤维，其长度为1-3mm，直径为10-20μm。玻璃纤维可以对材料起到骨架支撑和增强的作用，同时增加材料的形状保持能力，1-3mm短切玻璃纤维是结合工艺性和功能性比较适合的尺寸。
优选地，所述的阻燃剂为氮系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂其中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述的二氧化硅为亲水性气相二氧化硅，该类型的气相二氧化硅有利于体系的稳定性。
优选地，所述的纳米碳酸钙的粒径为10-50nm。
优选地，所述氮系阻燃剂包括三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐等，磷系阻燃剂包括磷酸酯、磷杂菲、磷腈化合物、有机次磷酸等，无机阻燃剂包括氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、三氧化二锑等。
与现有的技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明材料通过触变剂和玻璃纤维的综合作用，在占用配方比例较少的情况下获得了良好的形状保护能力，选用了复合阻燃剂，可以在最少的用量下达到较好的阻燃效果，因此主材料聚乙二醇的应用空间得到释放，同时可以使用不同分子量级别的聚乙二醇来调节所需的不同相变温度区间。最终得到了相变焓高，导热性及稳定性好、环境友好等特点的材料，可广泛应用于锂电池等工作时易升温的电器组件，起到相变蓄能并保护被包覆材料的作用。其相变焓可达到120J/g以上，阻燃等级可达V-1级以上；另外该材料还有触变性高的特色，使其具备良好的热稳定性，极高的形状保持能力，可反复使用多次。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
如无具体说明，本发明的各种原料均可市售购得，或根据本领域的常规方法制备得到。
本实施例提供的一种相变蓄能阻燃材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
按质量份计，取聚乙二醇(PEG，后缀为分子量大小)加入到反应釜中，采取电加热的方式，控制温度在100±5℃，并开启电动搅拌器，使物料完全溶解并充分混合。
加入触变剂和阻燃剂，保持温度在100±5℃下，电动搅拌30min使材料混合均匀。
加入玻璃纤维，保持温度在100±5℃下，电动搅拌30min使材料混合均匀得到所述相变蓄能阻燃材料。
以下实施例的相变蓄能阻燃材料均采用上述的制备方法得到。
实施例1-5
各实施例的一种相变蓄能阻燃材料，按重量份计，包括以下材料：
表1
对比例1-4
各对比例的一种相变蓄能阻燃材料，按重量份计，包括以下材料：
表2
将实施例1-5和对比例1-4所制得的相变蓄能阻燃材料的性能进行对比，实验结果如表3所示：
由上述结果可以看出，通过改变配方中聚乙二醇中的含量，可以改变材料的相变焓，聚乙二醇比例越高，相变焓越高，则其他几项性能由于相应原材料比例的下降会有不同程度的下降。在保证形状保持能力和阻燃等级在V-1级以上的情况下，本发明的材料的相变焓可达120J/g以上，另外通过改变聚乙二醇的分子量，可以得到不同相变温度的复合蓄能材料来满足不同的需求场合。分子量越低的聚乙二醇含量越高，相变蓄能材料的相变温度越低；分子量越高的聚乙二醇含量越高，相变蓄能材料的相变温度越高。
触变剂和玻璃纤维的含量决定材料的形状保持能力，含量越高则形状保持能力越好，但须两者配合使用，单独使用其中一个效果不佳。
通过改变复合阻燃剂中不同阻燃剂的比例，可以得到不同阻燃性的相变蓄能材料。如单独使用，阻燃效果大致为磷系＞氮系＞无机系，如复合使用，无机系阻燃剂可协调作用，起到更好的阻燃效果。
以上借助具体实施例对本发明做了进一步描述，但是应该理解的是，这里具体的描述，不应理解为对本发明的实质和范围的限定，本领域内的普通技术人员在阅读本说明书后对上述实施例做出的各种修改，都属于本发明所保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种相变蓄能阻燃材料，其特征在于，该材料为一种复合材料，包括聚乙二醇、触变剂、玻璃纤维、阻燃剂；
聚乙二醇的重量份数为65-80份；
触变剂的重量份数为2-8份；
玻璃纤维的重量份数为2-8份；
阻燃剂的重量份数为15-25份。
2.如权利要求1所述的相变蓄能阻燃材料，其特征在于，所述的聚乙二醇为分子量在4000-10000的固体。
3.如权利要求2所述的相变蓄能阻燃材料，其特征在于，所述的聚乙二醇为聚乙二醇4000、聚乙二醇6000、聚乙二醇8000、聚乙二醇10000中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求1所述的相变蓄能阻燃材料，其特征在于，所述的触变剂为纳米碳酸钙、二氧化硅、有机膨润土中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的相变蓄能阻燃材料，其特征在于，所述的玻璃纤维为短切玻璃纤维，长度为1-3mm，直径为10-20μm。
6.如权利要求1所述的相变蓄能阻燃材料，其特征在于，所述的阻燃剂为氮系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂其中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求4所述的相变蓄能阻燃材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的二氧化硅为亲水性气相二氧化硅。
8.如权利要求4所述的相变蓄能材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的纳米碳酸钙的粒径为10-50nm。
9.如权利要求6所述的相变蓄能材料的制备方法，其特征在于，氮系阻燃剂包括三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐，磷系阻燃剂包括磷酸酯、磷杂菲、磷腈化合物、有机次磷酸，无机阻燃剂包括氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、三氧化二锑。
10.一种相变蓄能阻燃材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
按重量份数计，取65-80份的聚乙二醇加入到反应釜中，采取电加热的方式，控制温度在100±5℃，并开启电动搅拌器，使物料完全溶解并充分混合；
加入2-8份的触变剂和15-25份的阻燃剂，保持温度在100±5℃下，电动搅拌30min使材料混合均匀；
加入2-8份的玻璃纤维，保持温度在100±5℃下，电动搅拌30min使材料混合均匀得到所述相变蓄能阻燃材料。
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| CN114316910A (zh) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-12 | 山东海科创新研究院有限公司 | 一种动力锂离子电池用温控阻燃相变材料及其制备方法、锂离子电池 |
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| CN112500558A (zh) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-16 | 江苏科技大学 | 一种可降解相变储能弹性体的制备方法 |
| CN112500558B (zh) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-09-30 | 江苏科技大学 | 一种可降解相变储能弹性体的制备方法 |
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