CN111601911B - 表面处理溶液组合物、经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

表面处理溶液组合物、经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111601911B
CN111601911B CN201880073661.3A CN201880073661A CN111601911B CN 111601911 B CN111601911 B CN 111601911B CN 201880073661 A CN201880073661 A CN 201880073661A CN 111601911 B CN111601911 B CN 111601911B
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cobalt
vanadium
dip galvanized
alloyed hot
steel sheet
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CN111601911A (zh
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曺秀铉
孙元镐
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Posco Holdings Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供一种表面处理溶液组合物、利用该组合物进行表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法,所述表面处理溶液组合物包含:10‑30重量%的三价铬化合物,所述三价铬化合物包含磷酸铬(A)和硝酸铬(B),且其含量比A/(A+B)满足0.3‑0.6;5‑50重量%的硅烷化合物;0.2‑3重量%的钒系防锈耐蚀剂;0.5‑5重量%的钴系防锈耐蚀剂;以及12‑84.3重量%的水,包含含有所述三价铬的无机薄膜层的合金化热浸镀锌钢板具有耐蚀性、耐黑变性、焊接性、耐燃料性和耐碱性优异的效果。

Description

表面处理溶液组合物、经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板及 其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有三价铬化合物的表面处理溶液组合物、利用所述组合物进行表面处理的合金化镀锌钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
形成合金化镀锌(Zn)层的热浸镀材料由于基材铁的牺牲防腐蚀带来的保护效果,显示出优异的耐蚀性,而且与纯镀锌层相比,通过锌-铁的合金相具有优异的焊接特性,因此被广泛地用作摩托车和汽车的燃料箱等车辆零件材料。
但是,所述合金化热浸镀锌材料的暴露面是由锌和锌-铁的合金相形成,因此,当暴露在一般的腐蚀环境,特别是暴露在湿润气氛时,表面上容易产生作为锌氧化物的白锈,使得材料的质量特性变差。此外,当合金化热浸镀锌材料暴露在高温高湿环境时,容易发生表面颜色变为黑色的黑变现象。
为了解决这种问题,以往利用六价铬酸盐对经过合金化热浸镀锌处理的钢板进行处理,以此确保耐蚀性和耐黑变性。但是,由于这种六价铬被指定为对环境有害的物质,目前正在加强对于六价铬的使用的管制,因此其使用受到限制。此外,使用六价铬作为热浸镀锌钢板的表面处理剂时,存在钢板表面变为黑色或产生黑点的缺陷。此外,在如车辆用燃料箱钢板等需要高耐蚀性和耐燃料特性的产品的情况下,当由于燃料和燃料内部的冷凝水而暴露在更严重的腐蚀环境等时,防腐蚀效果不足,因此导致严重的问题,如在车辆行驶期间车辆停止等。
近年来,为了解决六价铬对环境有害的问题,正在应用通过将含有三价铬的表面处理溶液组合物涂覆在钢板上来确保镀锌钢板的耐蚀性和耐黑变性的方法。例如,韩国公开专利2006-0123628、2005-0052215和2010-0106031中,通过将钢板浸渍在含有三价铬的组合物中进行化学转化处理的方式确保耐蚀性和耐黑变性,但是浸渍时间长,并且化学转化处理方法具有耐指纹性降低等问题,因此无法应用于钢铁公司的连续工艺。
此外,韩国公开专利10-2004-0046347和日本特开2002-069660中,将含有三价铬的组合物以喷涂或辊涂的方式涂覆在镀覆钢板上,从而可以应用于钢铁公司的连续生产线,并且可以确保耐指纹性。但是,所述组合物中包含多孔二氧化硅成分,因此存在在湿润的气氛中发生严重的变色的问题,并且所述多孔二氧化硅具有强吸湿性质,因此存在在合金化镀锌钢板上引发急剧的变色的问题。
另外,本发明人确认了在燃料箱用钢板上形成薄膜的情况下,当该薄膜包含如氨基甲酸乙酯树脂等有机成分时,还是会发生由于燃料内部的冷凝水而引起的防腐蚀效果降低的问题。此外,在制造燃料箱时,考虑到通过焊接制造容器,需要具有优异的焊接性,但是如上所述的有机成分会引起显著降低焊接性的问题。而且,确认了如上所述的树脂成分在与燃料长期接触的过程中被溶解而溶于燃料中,因此降低薄膜的耐燃料性。
因此,迫切需要在燃料箱用钢板上形成不含有机成分的无机薄膜,以此形成具有优异的耐燃料性、耐蚀性、焊接性和加工性的薄膜。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种表面处理溶液组合物,所述表面处理溶液组合物不含对环境有害的物质六价铬,而是以对人体无害的三价铬化合物为主要成分且不含有机成分,并且通过将所述表面处理溶液组合物应用于合金化热浸镀锌钢板的表面,提供一种具有优异的耐蚀性、耐黑变性、耐燃料性、焊接性和耐碱性的以三价铬化合物进行表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板。
技术方案
根据本发明的一个实施方案,提供一种用于形成燃料箱钢板的无机薄膜的表面处理溶液组合物,所述表面处理溶液组合物包含:10-30重量%的三价铬化合物(以固含量为28.6重量%的溶液为基准),所述三价铬化合物包含磷酸铬(A)和硝酸铬(B),且其含量比A/(A+B)满足0.3-0.6;5-50重量%的硅烷化合物(以固含量为1.27重量%的溶液为基准);0.2-3重量%的钒系防锈耐蚀剂;0.5-5重量%的钴系防锈耐蚀剂;以及12-84.3重量%的水。
所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂可以是选自五氧化二钒(V2O5)、偏钒酸(HVO3)、偏钒酸铵、偏钒酸钠、三氯氧化钒(VOCl3)、三氧化二钒(V2O3)、二氧化钒(VO2)、硫酸氧钒(VOSO4)、草酸氧钒[VO(COO)2]、乙酰丙酮氧钒[VO(OC(CH3)=CHCOCH3)2]、乙酰丙酮钒[V(OC(CH3)=CHCOCH3)3]、三氯化钒(VCl3)、硫酸钒(VSO4·8H2O)、二氯化钒(VCl2)和一氧化钒(VO)中的一种以上。
所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂可以是选自硝酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)nitrate)、硫酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)sulfate)、乙酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)acetate)、草酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)oxalate)、硝酸钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)nitrate)、乙酸钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)acetate)、草酸钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)oxalate)、氯化钴(IV)(cobalt(IV)chloride)、氧化钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)oxide)和氧化钴(IV)(cobalt(IV)oxide)中的一种以上。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,提供一种经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板,该钢板包含:合金化热浸镀锌层,形成在钢板的至少一面上;以及三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层,形成在所述合金化热浸镀锌层上,所述三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层包含:49.8-78.9重量%的三价铬化合物,所述三价铬化合物包含磷酸铬(A)和硝酸铬(B),且其含量比A/(A+B)满足0.80-0.98;1.8-3.7重量%的硅烷化合物;5.5-17.5重量%的钒系防锈耐蚀剂;以及13.8-29重量%的钴系防锈耐蚀剂。
所述硅烷化合物可以是选自2-(3,4-环氧环己基)-乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-2-(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-2-(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-2-(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-脲基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和正硅酸四乙酯中的一种以上。
所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂可以是选自五氧化二钒(V2O5)、偏钒酸(HVO3)、偏钒酸铵、偏钒酸钠、三氯氧化钒(VOCl3)、三氧化二钒(V2O3)、二氧化钒(VO2)、硫酸氧钒(VOSO4)、草酸氧钒[VO(COO)2]、乙酰丙酮氧钒[VO(OC(CH3)=CHCOCH3)2]、乙酰丙酮钒[V(OC(CH3)=CHCOCH3)3]、三氯化钒(VCl3)、硫酸钒(VSO4·8H2O)、二氯化钒(VCl2)和一氧化钒(VO)中的一种以上。
所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂可以是选自硝酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)nitrate)、硫酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)sulfate)、乙酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)acetate)、草酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)oxalate)、硝酸钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)nitrate)、乙酸钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)acetate)、草酸钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)oxalate)、氯化钴(IV)(cobalt(IV)chloride)、氧化钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)oxide)和氧化钴(IV)(cobalt(IV)oxide)中的一种以上。
所述三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层的厚度可以为0.3-0.5μm。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,提供一种制造经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将所述表面处理溶液组合物涂覆在形成有合金化热浸镀锌层的合金化热浸镀锌钢板上;以及将所述表面处理溶液组合物进行干燥以形成三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层。
可以将所述表面处理溶液组合物以2.14-3.57μm的厚度进行涂覆。
所述涂覆可以通过选自辊涂、喷涂、浸渍、喷射挤压和浸渍挤压中的任一种方法进行。
以原材料钢板的最终达到温度(PMT)为基准,所述干燥可以在50-60℃的温度下进行。
所述干燥可以在热风干燥炉或感应加热炉中进行。
所述热风干燥炉的内部温度可以为100-200℃。
可以向所述感应加热炉施加1000-3500A的电流。
所述方法还可以包括将所述三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层进行空冷的步骤。
制造所述合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法可以通过连续工艺进行,所述连续工艺的速度可以为80-100米/分钟(mpm)。
有益效果
利用本发明的一个实施方案的含有三价铬和无机化合物的表面处理涂覆物进行处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板具有耐蚀性、耐黑变性、耐燃料性、焊接性和耐碱性优异的效果。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的钢板的截面结构的示意图。
最佳实施方式
以下,参考各种实施方案,对本发明的优选的实施方式进行说明。但是,本发明的实施方式可以变形为各种其它实施方式,本发明的范围并不限定于以下说明的实施方式。
本发明涉及一种用于形成燃料箱钢板的无机薄膜的含有三价铬的表面处理溶液组合物、利用所述组合物进行表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板和制造所述合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法。
本发明的一个实施方案的表面处理溶液组合物包含三价铬化合物、硅烷化合物、钒系防锈耐蚀剂、钴系防锈耐蚀剂和水。
本发明的一个实施方案的表面处理溶液组合物中,通过使用三价铬提供合金化热浸镀锌钢板的优异的耐蚀性、耐黑变性、耐燃料性、焊接性和耐碱性。此外,本发明的表面处理溶液组合物中,通过不含对环境有害的物质六价铬且不含使耐燃料性和焊接性降低的有机成分,并且包含对人体无害的三价铬作为主要成分,从而防止对人体的伤害和环境污染的问题。
所述三价铬化合物是作为主要成分包含在本发明的表面处理溶液组合物中的成分,其具有与六价铬相似的自修复效果(self-healing effect)和自润滑性,并且起到确保耐蚀性和耐黑变性的作用。
包含在本发明的组合物中的所述三价铬化合物包含磷酸铬和硝酸铬。所述磷酸铬具有提供耐蚀性的功能,硝酸铬具有提供耐黑变性的功能。因此,本发明中优选以A/(A+B)满足0.3-0.6的范围使用所述磷酸铬(A)和硝酸铬(B)。随着所述磷酸铬的比例增加,显示出耐蚀性提高的效果,但是耐黑变性会变差。另外,随着硝酸铬的比例增加,耐黑变性提高,但是耐蚀性会变差。
具体地,利用所述磷酸铬在钢板表面上形成无机薄膜时,由于磷酸成分不会挥发,在无机薄膜表面上形成磷酸铬薄膜,因此提高耐蚀性,但是由于所述磷酸铬的吸湿性,耐黑变性会降低。另一方面,利用所述硝酸铬在钢板表面上形成薄膜时,大部分硝酸成分挥发,因此不会影响耐黑变性,但是硝酸铬的含量增加时,在薄膜表面上形成磷酸铬薄膜相对困难,因此耐蚀性会变差。
因此,优选以A/(A+B)满足0.3-0.6的含量使用所述磷酸铬(A)和硝酸铬(B),当上述含量比小于0.3时,加工后的耐蚀性会降低,当上述含量比超过0.6时,耐黑变性会降低。
以固含量为28.6重量%的溶液为基准,包含磷酸铬和硝酸铬的所述三价铬化合物的总含量优选为10-30重量%。当所述三价铬化合物的含量小于10重量%时,坚硬的不溶性无机薄膜层变薄,因此在需要耐蚀性的镀覆钢板的表面上不能有效地阻断水分的渗透,从而引起黑变,并且降低耐蚀性。
另外,当所述三价铬化合物的含量超过30重量%时,为了提高耐蚀性而添加的钒系防锈耐蚀剂、钴系防锈耐蚀剂和起到粘合剂作用的硅烷偶联剂的含量相对减少,因此难以确保充分的耐蚀性和耐黑变性。
本发明的表面处理溶液组合物包含硅烷偶联剂。添加所述硅烷偶联剂是为了通过使无机成分交联的作用促进干燥并确保高耐蚀性。
对所述硅烷偶联剂的种类不作特别限定,例如,可以列举2-(3,4-环氧环己基)-乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-2-(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-2-(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-2-(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-脲基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和正硅酸四乙酯等。这些硅烷偶联剂可以单独使用,也可以两种以上混合使用。
所述硅烷偶联剂的含量优选为5-50重量%(以固含量为1.27重量%的溶液为基准)。当所述硅烷偶联剂的含量小于5重量%时,耐碱性和耐燃料性变差,当硅烷偶联剂的含量超过50重量%时,薄膜的干燥度变高,形成过硬的薄膜,因此加工部的耐蚀性差,并且加工后的耐燃料性变差。
本发明的表面处理溶液组合物包含钒系防锈耐蚀剂。所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂是为了在利用本发明的表面处理溶液组合物进行表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的表面上形成钝化无机薄膜以提高镀覆钢板的耐蚀性而包含的成分。就所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂而言,当薄膜发生损坏时,例如,紧邻损坏部位存在的薄膜中的四价钒溶出并还原成三价,在因损坏而暴露的镀覆表面上形成钝化无机薄膜,由此能够具有抑制腐蚀的效果。此外,所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂在腐蚀环境下优先溶出,抑制因镀覆成分的溶解而引起的pH的上升,因此具有提高耐蚀性的效果。
所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂可以列举例如五氧化二钒(V2O5)、偏钒酸(HVO3)、偏钒酸铵、偏钒酸钠、三氯氧化钒(VOCl3)、三氧化二钒(V2O3)、二氧化钒(VO2)、硫酸氧钒(VOSO4)、草酸氧钒[VO(COO)2]、乙酰丙酮氧钒[VO(OC(CH3)=CHCOCH3)2]、乙酰丙酮钒[V(OC(CH3)=CHCOCH3)3]、三氯化钒(VCl3)、硫酸钒(VSO4·8H2O)、二氯化钒(VCl2)和一氧化钒(VO)等,这些钒系防锈耐蚀剂可以单独使用,也可以两种以上混合使用。
所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂的含量优选为0.2-3重量%。当所述防锈耐蚀剂的含量小于0.2重量%时,难以确保耐蚀性,当所述防锈耐蚀剂的含量超过3重量%时,难以确保耐黑变性和耐碱性。
本发明的表面处理溶液组合物还包含钴系防锈耐蚀剂。所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂通过与利用本发明的表面处理溶液组合物进行表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板表面的镀层反应而对镀层表面进行改性,由此能够提高被覆的镀覆钢板的耐黑变性。此外,当酸性液体通过无机薄膜到达镀层的表面时,钴化合物保护镀层的表面,从而起到抑制其变色的作用。此外,与表面处理溶液组合物中包含的磷酸基一起形成不溶性盐,从而具有有助于提高合金化热浸镀锌钢板的耐蚀性的效果。
所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂可以列举例如硝酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)nitrate)、硫酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)sulfate)、乙酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)acetate)、草酸钴(Ⅱ)(cobalt(Ⅱ)oxalate)、硝酸钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)nitrate)、乙酸钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)acetate)、草酸钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)oxalate)、氯化钴(IV)(cobalt(IV)chloride)、氧化钴(Ⅲ)(cobalt(Ⅲ)oxide)和氧化钴(IV)(cobalt(IV)oxide)等,这些钴系防锈耐蚀剂可以单独使用,也可以两种以上混合使用。
所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂的含量优选为0.5-5重量%。当所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂的含量小于0.5重量%时,难以确保耐黑变性,当所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂的含量超过5重量%时,提高耐黑变性的效果甚微,并且耐蚀性大幅降低。
本发明的表面处理溶液组合物包含水。所述水是本发明的表面处理溶液组合物的溶剂,使用所述水是为了稀释表面处理溶液组合物的成分。对所述水不作特别限定,但是可以使用去离子水或蒸馏水。除了本发明的各组成成分之外,所述水作为余量包含在组合物中,所述水的含量可以为12-84.3重量%。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,提供利用所述含有三价铬的表面处理溶液组合物进行表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法。
具体地,所述经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板包含:基础钢板;合金化热浸镀锌层,形成在所述基础钢板的至少一面上;以及三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层,形成在所述合金化热浸镀锌层上。
所述三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层包含三价铬化合物、硅烷化合物、钒系防锈耐蚀剂和钴系防锈耐蚀剂,并且不包含除此之外的其它有机成分。
所述三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层是由上述的表面处理溶液组合物形成的无机薄膜层,其表示所述表面处理溶液组合物中包含的溶剂等挥发性成分全部挥发后残留在钢板表面的成分和它们的含量,对应于以100重量%的总固含量为基准的含量。
本发明的三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层包含三价铬化合物作为主要成分。所述三价铬化合物包含磷酸铬和硝酸铬,以固含量为基准,其含量为49.8-78.9重量%。当所述三价铬化合物的含量小于49.8重量%时,坚硬的不溶性无机薄膜层变薄,因此在需要耐蚀性的镀覆钢板的表面上不能有效地阻断水分的渗透,从而引起黑变,并且降低耐蚀性。另外,当所述三价铬化合物的含量超过78.9重量%时,为了提高耐蚀性而添加的钒系防锈耐蚀剂、钴系防锈耐蚀剂和起到粘合剂作用的硅烷偶联剂的含量相对减少,因此难以确保充分的耐蚀性和耐黑变性。
此外,所述磷酸铬(A)和硝酸铬(B)的含量比A/(A+B)优选为0.80以上且0.98以下,更优选为0.89-0.95。当上述含量比小于0.80时,加工后的耐蚀性会降低,当上述含量比超过0.98时,耐黑变性会降低。
本发明的三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层包含硅烷化合物。以固含量为基准,所述硅烷化合物的含量优选为1.8-3.7重量%。当所述硅烷化合物的含量小于1.8重量%时,耐碱性和耐制管油侵蚀性变差,当硅烷化合物的含量超过3.7重量%时,薄膜的干燥度变高,形成过硬的薄膜,因此加工部的耐蚀性差,并且耐燃料性变差,因此不优选。
本发明的三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层包含钒系防锈耐蚀剂。以固含量为基准,所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂的含量优选为5.5-17.5重量%。当所述防锈耐蚀剂的含量小于5.5重量%时,难以确保耐蚀性,当所述防锈耐蚀剂的含量超过17.5重量%时,难以确保耐黑变性和耐碱性。
另外,本发明的三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层包含钴系防锈耐蚀剂。以固含量为基准,所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂的含量优选为13.8-29重量%。当所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂的含量小于13.8重量%时,难以确保耐黑变性,当所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂的含量超过29重量%时,提高耐黑变性的效果甚微,并且耐蚀性大幅降低,因此不优选。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,提供一种制造合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:准备形成有镀锌层的镀锌钢板;将表面处理溶液组合物涂覆在所述合金化热浸镀锌层上;以及将涂覆的所述表面处理溶液组合物进行干燥以形成三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层。
所述表面处理溶液组合物包含:10-30重量%的三价铬化合物(以固含量为28.6重量%的溶液为基准),所述三价铬化合物包含磷酸铬(A)和硝酸铬(B),且其含量比A/(A+B)满足0.3-0.6;5-50重量%的硅烷化合物(以固含量为1.27重量%的溶液为基准);0.2-3重量%的钒系防锈耐蚀剂;0.5-5重量%的钴系防锈耐蚀剂;以及余量的水。所述表面处理溶液组合物中包含的各成分的含量范围的技术意义如上所述。
将所述表面处理溶液组合物优选以2.14-3.57μm的厚度进行涂覆。以这样的厚度进行涂覆的表面处理溶液组合物经过干燥工艺后,干燥薄膜层的厚度可以成为0.3-0.5μm。当所述表面处理溶液组合物的涂覆厚度小于2.14μm时,涂覆在钢板粗糙度的峰部分的表面处理溶液组合物薄,因此耐蚀性降低,当所述表面处理溶液组合物的涂覆厚度超过3.57μm时,形成厚的薄膜层,因此焊接性和加工性等变差。
对涂覆所述表面处理溶液组合物的方法不作特别限制,只要是通常进行的涂覆方法即可,例如,优选可以通过选自辊涂、喷涂、浸渍、喷射挤压和浸渍挤压中的任一种涂覆方法进行。
以原材料钢板的最终达到温度(PMT)为基准,将涂覆在所述合金化热浸镀锌钢板上的表面处理溶液组合物进行干燥的工艺优选在50-60℃下进行。以原材料钢板的最终达到温度(PMT)为基准,当所述干燥温度低于50℃时,无法完全干燥,因此耐碱性和耐制管油侵蚀性会变差,当所述干燥温度超过60℃时,在空气中的冷却过程(空冷)中钢板未能充分冷却并进行包装,从而导致结露现象,因此耐黑变性会变差。
另外,所述干燥优选在热风干燥炉或感应加热炉中进行。利用所述热风干燥炉对表面处理涂覆组合物进行干燥时,所述热风干燥炉的内部温度优选为100-200℃。另外,利用所述感应加热炉对表面处理涂覆组合物进行干燥时,施加在所述感应加热炉的电流优选为1000-3500A,更优选为1500-3000A。
当所述热风干燥炉的内部温度低于100℃或施加在感应加热炉的电流小于1000A时,表面处理涂覆组合物无法完全干燥,因此耐碱性和耐制管油侵蚀性会变差。此外,当所述热风干燥炉的内部温度超过200℃或施加在感应加热炉的电流超过3500A时,在空气中的冷却过程(空冷)中钢板未能充分冷却并进行包装,从而导致结露现象,因此耐黑变性会变差。
此外,将所述表面处理溶液组合物进行干燥以形成三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层后,将所述三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层进行空冷,从而最终可以提供经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板。
本发明的一个实施方案的制造所述合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法可以通过连续工艺进行,所述连续工艺的速度优选为80-100米/分钟。当所述连续工艺的速度小于80米/分钟时,生产性会降低,当所述连续工艺的速度超过100米/分钟时,在将表面处理溶液组合物进行干燥的工艺中溶液会飞散,从而会产生表面缺陷。
本发明中,钢板可以使用具有镀锌层的镀锌钢板。只要是镀锌钢板,则不作特别限定,但是更优选应用于合金化热浸镀锌钢板。
具体实施方式
实施例
以下,通过具体的实施例对本发明进行更详细的说明。下述实施例仅仅是有助于理解本发明的示例,本发明的范围并不限定于此。
实施例1
根据三价铬化合物的含量的物理性能的变化
如下制备含有三价铬的表面处理溶液组合物:包含三价铬化合物、钒系防锈耐蚀剂、钴系防锈耐蚀剂、硅烷偶联剂和水,其中,所述三价铬化合物是通过在蒸馏水中加入磷酸铬和硝酸铬并在80℃下反应1小时后冷却至常温来制备,所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂是乙酰丙酮钒,所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂是硝酸钴(Ⅲ),所述硅烷偶联剂是以1:1的重量比混合正硅酸四乙酯和3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物,并以下表2中记载的含量(以组合物的固含量为基准)进行混合,制得含有三价铬的表面处理溶液组合物。
另外,在以下实施例中,将表面处理溶液组合物满足下表1的含量范围的情况记载为发明例,并且将一种以上的成分不满足下表1的含量范围的情况记载为比较例。
将热浸镀锌钢板切割成7cm×15cm(宽度×长度),并去除油分,然后通过棒式(BAR)涂覆将制备的所述表面处理溶液组合物涂覆在所述热浸镀锌钢板上,使得干燥薄膜层的厚度为0.4μm。之后,以PMT为60℃的条件并利用热风干燥炉,将涂覆所述表面处理溶液组合物的钢板进行完全干燥,制得如图1所示的形成三价铬酸盐无机薄膜的试片。
对制造的试片的平板耐蚀性、加工部耐蚀性和耐黑变性进行评价,并将评价结果记载于表2中。所述平板耐蚀性、加工部耐蚀性和耐黑变性的评价方法如下。
<平板耐蚀性>
根据ASTM B117中规定的方法,对试片进行处理后测量随着时间的推移在钢板上产生白锈的时间,以此进行评价。此时,评价基准如下。
◎:产生白锈的时间为144小时以上
○:产生白锈的时间为96小时以上且小于144小时
△:产生白锈的时间为55小时以上且小于96小时
×:产生白锈的时间小于55小时
<加工部耐蚀性>
利用埃里克森试验机(Erichsen tester)将试片推到6mm的高度处,然后测量经过24小时时产生白锈的程度。此时,评价基准如下。
◎:产生的白锈小于5%
△:产生的白锈为5%以上且小于7%
×:产生的白锈为7%以上
<耐黑变性>
将试片放置在保持50℃和95%的相对湿度的恒温恒湿器中120小时,观察试验前/后的试片颜色变化(色差:ΔE)。此时,评价基准如下。
◎:ΔE≤2
○:2<ΔE≤3
△:3<ΔE≤4
×:ΔE>4
[表1]
Figure GDA0002490714260000131
[表2]
Figure GDA0002490714260000132
Figure GDA0002490714260000141
*组分的含量是以14%的固含量为基准。
如所述表2所示,三价铬化合物的含量满足本发明提出的含量时(发明例1-4),所有物理性能显示出良好以上的结果。
另一方面,添加过少的三价铬化合物时(比较例1),平板耐蚀性、加工部耐蚀性和耐黑变性显示出不良的结果,添加过多的三价铬化合物时(比较例2),除耐黑变性之外的所有物理性能显示出不良的结果。
实施例2
根据磷酸铬(Ⅲ)和硝酸铬(Ⅲ)的比例的物理性能的变化
使用所述发明例3的三价铬表面处理溶液组合物,但将磷酸铬(Ⅲ)和硝酸铬(Ⅲ)的比例控制为下表3中记载的磷酸铬和硝酸铬的比例,除此之外,通过与实施例1相同的方式制造形成有三价铬酸盐无机薄膜的热浸镀锌钢板试片。
对于制造的试片,通过与实施例1相同的方法评价平板耐蚀性和耐黑变性,并将评价结果记载于表3中。
[表3]
Figure GDA0002490714260000142
*组分的含量是以14%的固含量为基准。
如所述表3所示,随着磷酸铬的比例增加,显示出耐蚀性提高的效果,另一方面,随着硝酸铬的比例增加,显示出耐黑变性提高的倾向。但是,磷酸铬和硝酸铬的比例为本发明提出的磷酸铬和硝酸铬的比例以下或以上时,显示出耐蚀性或耐黑变性不良的倾向。
实施例3
根据硅烷化合物的含量和种类的物理性能的变化
除了将作为三价铬化合物的硝酸铬和磷酸铬、作为钒系防锈耐蚀剂的乙酰丙酮钒、作为钴系防锈耐蚀剂的硝酸钴(Ⅲ)、作为硅烷偶联剂的以1:1的比例混合正硅酸四乙酯和3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的硅烷化合物以下表4中记载的含量(以组合物的固含量为基准)进行混合之外,通过与实施例1相同的方法制造形成有三价铬酸盐无机薄膜的热浸镀锌钢板试片。
对于制造的试片的平板耐蚀性、加工部耐蚀性和耐黑变性,通过与实施例1相同的方法进行评价,并且如下对耐碱性、耐燃料性和耐指纹性进行评价,并将评价结果记载于表4中。
<耐碱性>
将试片在碱性脱脂溶液中在60℃下浸渍2分钟后进行水洗和吹气(Air blowing),然后测量前/后的色差(ΔE)。碱性脱脂溶液使用DAEHAN PARKERIZING公司的FinecleanerL 4460A:20g/2.4L+L 4460 B12g/2.4L(pH=12)。此时,评价基准如下。
◎:ΔE≤2
○:2<ΔE≤3
△:3<ΔE≤4
×:ΔE>4
<焊接性>
如下评价焊接性:利用气动式交流(AC)点焊机,在250kg的电极压力、15个循环(Cycle)的焊接时间和7.5kA的通电电流下,没有飞溅(Spatter),并且保持一定强度。此时,评价基准如下。
○:可以焊接
△:焊接质量不良
×:不能焊接
<耐燃料性>
耐燃料性是评价对于劣化汽油和生物柴油的高温耐燃料性。在耐燃料性的评价中,使用如下的劣化汽油和生物柴油。
劣化汽油:78.58体积%的汽油+20体积%的乙醇+1.42体积%的纯水+100ppm的甲酸+100ppm的乙酸
生物柴油:81体积%的柴油+9体积%的生物(BIO)柴油+5体积%的纯水+5体积%的甲醇+20ppm的甲酸+0.3重量%的过氧化物(peroxide)
将获得的试片加工成杯状后分别填充上述燃料,然后用玻璃板覆盖表面并使用O型圈(ring)密封试片和玻璃板。之后,在85℃下放置3个月后观察钢板的腐蚀状态,以此评价耐燃料性。其评价基准如下。
◎:腐蚀面积为0%
○:腐蚀面积超过0%且5%以下
□:腐蚀面积超过5%且30%以下
△:腐蚀面积超过30%且50%以下
×:腐蚀面积超过50%
[表4]
Figure GDA0002490714260000161
*组分的含量是以14%的固含量为基准。
如所述表4所示,硅烷化合物的含量满足本发明的含量范围时(发明例8-11),所有物理性能显示出良好以上的结果。
另一方面,添加过少的硅烷化合物时(比较例7),耐碱性和耐燃料性显示出不良的结果,添加过多的硅烷化合物时(比较例8),薄膜的干燥度变高,形成坚硬的薄膜,从而显示出加工部耐蚀性差、耐黑变性不良且焊接质量不良的结果。
实施例4
使用所述发明例10的三价铬表面处理溶液组合物,但使用表5中记载的硅烷化合物,除此之外,通过与实施例1相同的方法制造形成有三价铬酸盐无机薄膜的热浸镀锌钢板试片。
对于各试片,通过与实施例1相同的方法评价平板耐蚀性,并将其结果记载于表5中。
[表5]
Figure GDA0002490714260000171
Figure GDA0002490714260000181
*组分的含量是以14%的固含量为基准。
如所述表5所示,发明例12-45显示出平板耐蚀性良好或优异的结果。特别是,以根据发明例41的组成制备的三价铬表面处理溶液组合物进行处理的试验试片的情况下,在经过144小时以上后也没有产生白锈,显示出最优异的结果。
实施例5
根据钒系防锈耐蚀剂的含量的物理性能的变化
除了将作为三价铬化合物的硝酸铬和磷酸铬、作为钒系防锈耐蚀剂的乙酰丙酮钒、作为钴系防锈耐蚀剂的硝酸钴(Ⅲ)和作为硅烷偶联剂的以1:1的比例混合正硅酸四乙酯和3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的硅烷化合物以下表6中记载的含量(以组合物的固含量为基准)进行混合之外,通过与实施例1相同的方法制造形成有三价铬酸盐无机薄膜的热浸镀锌钢板试片。
对于制造的试片,通过与实施例1和实施例3相同的方法评价平板耐蚀性、加工部耐蚀性、耐黑变性和耐碱性,并将评价结果记载于表6中。
[表6]
Figure GDA0002490714260000191
*组分的含量是以14%的固含量为基准。
如所述表6所示,防锈耐蚀剂的含量满足本发明提出的含量时(发明例46-48),所有物理性能显示出良好以上的结果。
另一方面,添加过少的防锈耐蚀剂时(比较例9),除了耐黑变性和耐碱性之外的所有物理性能显示出不良的结果,添加过多的防锈耐蚀剂时(比较例10和比较例11),除了耐蚀性之外的所有物理性能显示出不良的结果。
实施例6
根据钴系防锈耐蚀剂的含量的物理性能的变化
除了将作为三价铬化合物的硝酸铬和磷酸铬、作为钒系防锈耐蚀剂的乙酰丙酮钒、作为钴系防锈耐蚀剂的硝酸钴(Ⅲ)和作为硅烷偶联剂的以1:1的比例混合正硅酸四乙酯和3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的硅烷化合物以下表7中记载的含量(以组合物的固含量为基准)进行混合之外,通过与实施例1相同的方法制造形成有三价铬酸盐无机薄膜的热浸镀锌钢板试片。
对于制造的试片,通过与实施例1相同的方法评价平板耐蚀性、加工部耐蚀性和耐黑变性,并将评价结果记载于表7中。
[表7]
Figure GDA0002490714260000201
*组分的含量是以14%的固含量为基准。
如所述表7所示,防锈耐蚀剂的含量满足本发明提出的含量时(发明例49-51),所有物理性能显示出良好以上的结果。
另一方面,添加过少的防锈耐蚀剂时(比较例12),耐黑变性显示出不良的结果,添加过多的防锈耐蚀剂时(比较例13和比较例14),耐蚀性显示出不良的结果。
实施例7
根据薄膜层厚度和干燥温度的物理性能的变化
除了干燥后的无机薄膜厚度和干燥过程中的PMT温度为如下表8所示之外,通过与实施例1相同的方法制造形成有三价铬酸盐无机薄膜的热浸镀锌钢板试片。
对于制造的试片,通过与实施例1和实施例3相同的方法评价耐碱性、耐燃料性、焊接性、平板耐蚀性、加工部耐蚀性和耐黑变性,并将评价结果记载于表8中。
[表8]
Figure GDA0002490714260000202
Figure GDA0002490714260000211
如所述表8所示,以0.3-0.5μm形成无机薄膜层时(发明例52-57),所有物理性能显示出良好以上的结果。另一方面,所形成的无机薄膜过薄时(比较例15),除了焊接性之外的所有物理性能显示出普通(△)的结果,并且加工部耐蚀性显示出不良的结果。另外,形成过厚的无机薄膜时(比较例16),除了焊接性之外的所有物理性能显示出良好以上的结果,但是焊接性反而显示出降低的倾向,因此不优选以超过0.5μm的厚度形成无机薄膜,并且在经济性方面也不优选。
此外,如所述表8所示,以50-60℃的无机薄膜的干燥温度形成无机薄膜层时(发明例52-54和56),所有物理性能显示出良好以上的结果。
另一方面,干燥温度过低时(发明例55),未能充分干燥,因此耐碱性和耐燃料性显示出普通(△)的结果。另外,干燥温度过高时(发明例57),在空气中的冷却过程(空冷)中钢板未能充分冷却并进行包装,从而导致结露现象,因此耐黑变性显示出普通(△)的结果。
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细的说明,但是本发明的权利范围并不限定于此,在不脱离权利要求书中记载的本发明的技术思想的范围内可以进行各种修改和变形,这对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于形成无机薄膜的表面处理溶液组合物,其包含:
10-30重量%的三价铬化合物(以固含量为28.6重量%的溶液为基准),所述三价铬化合物包含磷酸铬(A)和硝酸铬(B),且其含量比A/(A+B)满足0.3-0.6;
5-50重量%的硅烷化合物(以固含量为1.27重量%的溶液为基准);
0.2-3重量%的钒系防锈耐蚀剂;
0.5-5重量%的钴系防锈耐蚀剂;以及
12-84.3重量%的水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于形成无机薄膜的表面处理溶液组合物,其中,所述硅烷化合物是选自2-(3,4-环氧环己基)-乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-脲基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和正硅酸四乙酯中的一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于形成无机薄膜的表面处理溶液组合物,其中,所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂是选自五氧化二钒(V2O5)、偏钒酸(HVO3)、偏钒酸铵、偏钒酸钠、三氯氧化钒(VOCl3)、三氧化二钒(V2O3)、二氧化钒(VO2)、硫酸氧钒(VOSO4)、草酸氧钒[VO(COO)2]、乙酰丙酮氧钒[VO(OC(CH3)=CHCOCH3)2]、乙酰丙酮钒[V(OC(CH3)=CHCOCH3)3]、三氯化钒(VCl3)、硫酸钒(VSO4·8H2O)、二氯化钒(VCl2)和一氧化钒(VO)中的一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于形成无机薄膜的表面处理溶液组合物,其中,所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂是选自硝酸钴(Ⅱ)、硫酸钴(Ⅱ)、乙酸钴(Ⅱ)、草酸钴(Ⅱ)、硝酸钴(Ⅲ)、乙酸钴(Ⅲ)、草酸钴(Ⅲ)、氯化钴(Ⅳ)、氧化钴(Ⅲ)和氧化钴(Ⅳ)中的一种以上。
5.一种经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板,其包含:
钢板;
合金化热浸镀锌层,形成在所述钢板的至少一面上;以及
三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层,形成在所述合金化热浸镀锌层上,
其中,所述三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层包含:
49.8-78.9重量%的三价铬化合物,所述三价铬化合物包含磷酸铬(A)和硝酸铬(B),且其含量比A/(A+B)满足0.80-0.98;
1.8-3.7重量%的硅烷化合物;
5.5-17.5重量%的钒系防锈耐蚀剂;以及
13.8-29重量%的钴系防锈耐蚀剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板,其中,所述硅烷化合物是选自2-(3,4-环氧环己基)-乙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-脲基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和正硅酸四乙酯中的一种以上。
7.根据权利要求5所述的经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板,其中,所述钒系防锈耐蚀剂是选自五氧化二钒(V2O5)、偏钒酸(HVO3)、偏钒酸铵、偏钒酸钠、三氯氧化钒(VOCl3)、三氧化二钒(V2O3)、二氧化钒(VO2)、硫酸氧钒(VOSO4)、草酸氧钒[VO(COO)2]、乙酰丙酮氧钒[VO(OC(CH3)=CHCOCH3)2]、乙酰丙酮钒[V(OC(CH3)=CHCOCH3)3]、三氯化钒(VCl3)、硫酸钒(VSO4·8H2O)、二氯化钒(VCl2)和一氧化钒(VO)中的一种以上。
8.根据权利要求5所述的经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板,其中,所述钴系防锈耐蚀剂是选自硝酸钴(Ⅱ)、硫酸钴(Ⅱ)、乙酸钴(Ⅱ)、草酸钴(Ⅱ)、硝酸钴(Ⅲ)、乙酸钴(Ⅲ)、草酸钴(Ⅲ)、氯化钴(Ⅳ)、氧化钴(Ⅲ)和氧化钴(Ⅳ)中的一种以上。
9.根据权利要求5所述的经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板,其中,所述三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层的厚度为0.3-0.5μm。
10.一种制造经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其包括以下步骤:
将权利要求1至4中任一项所述的表面处理溶液组合物涂覆在形成有合金化热浸镀锌层的合金化热浸镀锌钢板上;以及
将涂覆的所述表面处理溶液组合物进行干燥以形成三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层。
11.根据权利要求10所述的制造经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,将所述表面处理溶液组合物以2.14-3.57μm的厚度进行涂覆。
12.根据权利要求10所述的制造经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,所述涂覆通过选自辊涂、喷涂、浸渍、喷射挤压和浸渍挤压中的任一种方法进行。
13.根据权利要求10所述的制造经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,以原材料钢板的最终达到温度(PMT)为基准,所述干燥在50-60℃下进行。
14.根据权利要求10所述的制造经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,所述干燥在热风干燥炉或感应加热炉中进行。
15.根据权利要求14所述的制造经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,所述热风干燥炉的内部温度为100-200℃。
16.根据权利要求14所述的制造经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,向所述感应加热炉施加1000-3500A的电流。
17.根据权利要求10所述的制造经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,还包括将所述三价铬酸盐无机薄膜层进行空冷的步骤。
18.根据权利要求10所述的制造经表面处理的合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法,其中,制造所述合金化热浸镀锌钢板的方法通过连续工艺进行,所述连续工艺的速度为80-100米/分钟。
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