CN111567453A - Disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method - Google Patents
Disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567453A CN111567453A CN202010380783.6A CN202010380783A CN111567453A CN 111567453 A CN111567453 A CN 111567453A CN 202010380783 A CN202010380783 A CN 202010380783A CN 111567453 A CN111567453 A CN 111567453A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses a disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method, which comprises the following steps: s1, pond construction; s2, paving the float grass and the net piece; s3, putting seedlings; s4, feeding management; s5, daily management; and S6, fishing. The compound feed for feeding the freshwater shrimps comprises the following raw materials: honeysuckle, lotus leaf, wild chrysanthemum flower, perilla leaf, medlar, astragalus root, fortune eupatorium herb, bean cake powder, wheat flour, rapeseed dregs, fish meal, bone meal, shell powder, rice bran, zeolite powder, shrimp shell powder, rapeseed oil, salt and trace elements. And (5) obtaining the product. Through the disease-resistant breeding management of the freshwater shrimps, the disease incidence of the freshwater shrimps can be reduced, the food intake of the freshwater shrimps can be increased, and the yield of the freshwater shrimps is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a disease-resistant freshwater shrimp culture method.
Background
The freshwater shrimps are mainly distributed in freshwater areas of China and Japan, have the advantages of high reproductive capacity, strong adaptability to different water qualities, delicious meat taste, high protein and low fat and the like, and are the freshwater shrimps which are deeply welcomed by general consumers. All life activities of the freshwater shrimps are carried out in water, and the water environment plays a decisive factor for the culture of the freshwater shrimps. The environment of the aquaculture water body is complex, the aquaculture environment is deteriorated due to the reasons of overlarge stocking density, change of water quality conditions and the like, the resistance of the freshwater shrimps to pathogens is reduced, and diseases are caused. Common diseases of the freshwater shrimps include black gill disease, erythroid disease and the like, and once the diseases occur, the death rate is extremely high. At present, the prevention and treatment of the disease of the freshwater shrimps mainly adopts a method of applying antibiotics to kill pathogens or mixing Chinese herbal medicine raw materials in feed to improve the immunity of the freshwater shrimps. The former has adverse effects on the environment and human health, and the latter is not beneficial to the ingestion of the freshwater shrimps due to the peculiar smell of the Chinese herbal medicines, thereby weakening the effect of improving the disease resistance of the freshwater shrimps.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method.
The invention provides a disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pond construction: selecting a pond with a sludge layer less than or equal to 10cm, putting quicklime in 15-20 days before putting the seedlings, cleaning the pond and sterilizing, and installing an aerator;
s2, paving the aquatic plants and the meshes: injecting water into the pond until the water depth is 50-60cm, transplanting water peanuts in shallow water areas around the pond, transplanting hydrilla verticillata at the bottom of the pond, and arranging summer flower meshes in the middle of the pond;
s3, seed putting: putting the young shrimps in the late 6 th to the early 7 th months, putting a small amount of young silver carps 15-20 days after the young silver carps are put, and adding fresh water until the water depth is 1-1.2m after the putting is finished;
s4, feeding management: feeding the mixed feed according to 4-5% of the weight of the freshwater shrimps;
the preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1-2 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 2-4 parts by weight of lotus leaf, 1-1.5 parts by weight of wild chrysanthemum flower, 1-1.5 parts by weight of perilla leaf, 1-2 parts by weight of medlar, 0.5-1 part by weight of astragalus root and 0.5-1 part by weight of fortune eupatorium herb, adding 0.05-0.2 part by weight of complex enzyme for enzymolysis treatment, filtering after high-temperature enzyme deactivation, drying and crushing a filter cake, and uniformly mixing the filter cake with 25-35 parts by weight of soybean cake powder, 15-20 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10-15 parts by weight of rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts by weight of fish meal, 5-10 parts by weight of bone meal, 5-10 parts by weight of shell powder, 3-5 parts by weight of rice bran, 2-3 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 1-2 parts by weight of shrimp shell powder, 0.5-1 part by weight of rapeseed oil, 0.3-0.;
the compound enzyme consists of beta-glucosidase and at least one of xylanase, pectinase and flavourzyme;
s5, daily management: putting quicklime every 10-15 days for disinfection, timely replacing fresh water to ensure that the transparency of the water body is more than or equal to 40%, and increasing oxygen by an aerator to ensure that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than or equal to 5 mg/L;
s6, catching: fishing grown shrimps with the length of more than 4cm in 9-10 months, and draining and fishing the rest shrimps in the last ten days of 11 months.
Preferably, in the step S4, the complex enzyme is prepared from flavourzyme and beta-glucosidase according to the weight ratio (0.5-1): (1-2).
Preferably, in the step S4, the complex enzyme is prepared from pectinase and beta-glucosidase according to a weight ratio (0.5-1): (1-2).
Preferably, in the step S4, the complex enzyme is prepared from xylanase, pectinase and beta-glucosidase according to the weight ratio (0.3-0.5): (0.5-1): (1-2).
Preferably, in the step S4, the temperature of the enzymolysis treatment is 40-55 ℃, the pH is 5-7, the time is 8-12h, and the ratio of the material to the liquid is 1: (4-8).
Preferably, the pond is rectangular, the slope ratio is 1 to (2.5-3.5), and the area is 5-8 mu.
Preferably, in the step S3, the stocking density of the shrimp fries is 4-6 ten thousand fries/mu, and the stocking density of the silver carp fries is 20-30 fries/mu.
Preferably, in step S4, the specific method for feeding the feed includes: feeding the feed twice a day, wherein the total weight of the mixed feed is 1/4-1/3 at 8-9 am, and the rest mixed feed is fed at 5-6 pm.
Preferably, in step S5, the specific method for replacing the fresh water is as follows: firstly discharging the water at the bottom layer of the pond, and then adding new water of 10-15 cm.
Preferably, in the step S5, the amount of quicklime put in each time is 15-20 kg/mu.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the freshwater shrimp breeding method, a good growing environment is provided for freshwater shrimps by selecting a proper pond environment and reasonably laying the alternanthera philoxeroides, the hydrilla verticillata and the summer flower meshes; the aim of controlling good water quality is achieved by regularly putting quicklime for disinfection, timely replacing fresh water and using an aerator to increase oxygen so as to regulate and control the transparency and the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body, so that the immunity of the freshwater shrimps is improved, pathogens in the water body are effectively killed, and the possibility of infection of the freshwater shrimps is reduced; by controlling the appropriate feed feeding amount and feeding times, the utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the immunity of the freshwater shrimps is better improved; by selecting a formula of a compound feed, the Chinese herbal medicine composition of honeysuckle, lotus leaves, wild chrysanthemum, perilla leaves, medlar, astragalus and eupatorium is added into the formula feed, so that the Chinese herbal medicine composition has the effects of effectively resisting bacteria and viruses, improving the immunity of freshwater shrimps and preventing diseases, and the Chinese herbal medicine composition is subjected to enzymolysis treatment by a complex enzyme consisting of at least one of xylanase, pectinase and flavourzyme and beta-glucosidase, wherein the beta-glucosidase has the effects of hydrolyzing glucoside substances in the Chinese herbal medicine composition and releasing fragrant substances, and the xylanase, the pectinase and the flavourzyme can promote macromolecular substances in the Chinese herbal medicine composition to degrade, so that the beta-glucosidase can be better exerted to enhance the aroma, and the flavourzyme can further improve the flavour. Through the selection of the formula of the Chinese herbal medicine composition and the enzymolysis of the specific complex enzyme, the functions of increasing the aroma and covering the unpleasant odor can be achieved, so that the ingestion rate of the freshwater shrimps on the formula feed is improved, the effect of preventing diseases by the Chinese herbal medicines can be better exerted, the morbidity of the freshwater shrimps is reduced, the food intake of the freshwater shrimps can be increased, and the yield of the freshwater shrimps is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, pond construction: selecting a pond with a rectangular shape, a slope ratio of 1: 3, an area of 6 mu and a sludge layer of less than or equal to 10cm, putting quicklime 15 days before seed putting for pond cleaning and disinfection, and installing an aerator;
s2, paving the aquatic plants and the meshes: injecting water into the pond until the water depth is 50cm, transplanting water peanuts in shallow water areas around the pond, transplanting hydrilla verticillata at the bottom of the pond, and arranging summer flower meshes in the middle of the pond;
s3, seed putting: putting the young shrimps in the first ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months, putting the young silver carps 15 days after the young shrimps are put, and after the putting is finished, adding fresh water until the water depth is 1m, wherein the stocking density of the young shrimps is 5 thousands of fishes per mu, and the stocking density of the young silver carps is 25 fishes per mu;
s4, feeding management: feeding the compound feed accounting for 4.5 percent of the weight of the freshwater shrimps twice a day, wherein 1/3 of the total weight of the compound feed is fed at 8-9 am, and the rest compound feed is fed at 5-6 pm;
the preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1.5 parts of honeysuckle, 3 parts of lotus leaves, 1.5 parts of wild chrysanthemum, 1.5 parts of perilla leaves, 1 part of medlar, 0.5 part of astragalus and 0.5 part of eupatorium by weight, adding 0.1 part of complex enzyme for enzymolysis, wherein the temperature of the enzymolysis is 55 ℃, the pH value is 7, the time is 10 hours, and the material-liquid ratio is 1: 6, after the enzymolysis treatment, carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation at 80 ℃, then filtering, drying and crushing a filter cake, and uniformly mixing the filter cake with 30 parts of soybean cake powder, 18 parts of wheat flour, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 7 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of bone meal, 8 parts of shell powder, 4 parts of rice bran, 3 parts of zeolite powder, 1 part of shrimp shell powder, 1 part of rapeseed oil, 0.4 part of salt and 0.4 part of trace elements to obtain the compound feed;
the compound enzyme is prepared from flavourzyme and beta-glucosidase according to the weight ratio of 1: 2, preparing a composition;
s5, daily management: putting quicklime into the container every 15 days for disinfection, wherein the putting amount is 20 kg/mu each time; the transparency of the water body is more than or equal to 40% by replacing fresh water in time, wherein the specific method for replacing the fresh water comprises the following steps: firstly discharging water at the bottom layer of the pond, and then adding fresh water of 15 cm; oxygen is added by an aerator, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than or equal to 5 mg/L;
s6, catching: adult shrimps with the length of more than 4cm are caught in 9-10 months, the rest shrimps are caught in the drainage of the last 11 months, and finally 575kg of freshwater shrimps are harvested.
Example 2
A disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, pond construction: selecting a pond with a rectangular shape, a slope ratio of 1: 3, an area of 6 mu and a sludge layer of less than or equal to 10cm, putting quicklime 15 days before seed putting for pond cleaning and disinfection, and installing an aerator;
s2, paving the aquatic plants and the meshes: injecting water into the pond until the water depth is 50cm, transplanting water peanuts in shallow water areas around the pond, transplanting hydrilla verticillata at the bottom of the pond, and arranging summer flower meshes in the middle of the pond;
s3, seed putting: putting the young shrimps in the first ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months, putting the young silver carps 15 days after the young shrimps are put, and after the putting is finished, adding fresh water until the water depth is 1m, wherein the stocking density of the young shrimps is 5 thousands of fishes per mu, and the stocking density of the young silver carps is 25 fishes per mu;
s4, feeding management: feeding the compound feed accounting for 4.5 percent of the weight of the freshwater shrimps twice a day, wherein 1/3 of the total weight of the compound feed is fed at 8-9 am, and the rest compound feed is fed at 5-6 pm;
the preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1.5 parts of honeysuckle, 3 parts of lotus leaves, 1.5 parts of wild chrysanthemum, 1.5 parts of perilla leaves, 1 part of medlar, 0.5 part of astragalus and 0.5 part of eupatorium by weight, adding 0.1 part of complex enzyme for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 40 ℃, the pH value is 5, the time is 12 hours, and the material-liquid ratio is 1: 8, after the enzymolysis treatment, carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation at 80 ℃, then filtering, drying and crushing a filter cake, and uniformly mixing the filter cake with 30 parts of soybean cake powder, 18 parts of wheat flour, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 7 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of bone meal, 8 parts of shell powder, 4 parts of rice bran, 3 parts of zeolite powder, 1 part of shrimp shell powder, 1 part of rapeseed oil, 0.4 part of salt and 0.4 part of trace elements to obtain the compound feed;
the compound enzyme is prepared from pectinase and beta-glucosidase according to the weight ratio of 0.5: 2, preparing a composition;
s5, daily management: putting quicklime into the container every 15 days for disinfection, wherein the putting amount is 20 kg/mu each time; the transparency of the water body is more than or equal to 40% by replacing fresh water in time, wherein the specific method for replacing the fresh water comprises the following steps: firstly discharging water at the bottom layer of the pond, and then adding fresh water of 15 cm; oxygen is added by an aerator, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than or equal to 5 mg/L;
s6, catching: adult shrimps with the length of more than 4cm are caught in 9-10 months, the rest shrimps are caught in the drainage of the last 11 months, and finally 552kg of freshwater shrimps are harvested.
Example 3
A disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, pond construction: selecting a pond with a rectangular shape, a slope ratio of 1: 3, an area of 6 mu and a sludge layer of less than or equal to 10cm, putting quicklime 15 days before seed putting for pond cleaning and disinfection, and installing an aerator;
s2, paving the aquatic plants and the meshes: injecting water into the pond until the water depth is 50cm, transplanting water peanuts in shallow water areas around the pond, transplanting hydrilla verticillata at the bottom of the pond, and arranging summer flower meshes in the middle of the pond;
s3, seed putting: putting the young shrimps in the first ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months, putting the young silver carps 15 days after the young shrimps are put, and after the putting is finished, adding fresh water until the water depth is 1m, wherein the stocking density of the young shrimps is 5 thousands of fishes per mu, and the stocking density of the young silver carps is 25 fishes per mu;
s4, feeding management: feeding the compound feed accounting for 4.5 percent of the weight of the freshwater shrimps twice a day, wherein 1/3 of the total weight of the compound feed is fed at 8-9 am, and the rest compound feed is fed at 5-6 pm;
the preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1.5 parts of honeysuckle, 3 parts of lotus leaves, 1.5 parts of wild chrysanthemum, 1.5 parts of perilla leaves, 1 part of medlar, 0.5 part of astragalus and 0.5 part of eupatorium by weight, adding 0.1 part of complex enzyme for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 45 ℃, the pH value is 6.5, the time is 8 hours, and the material-liquid ratio is 1: 4, after the enzymolysis treatment, carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation at 80 ℃, then filtering, drying and crushing a filter cake, and uniformly mixing the filter cake with 30 parts of soybean cake powder, 18 parts of wheat flour, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 7 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of bone meal, 8 parts of shell powder, 4 parts of rice bran, 3 parts of zeolite powder, 1 part of shrimp shell powder, 1 part of rapeseed oil, 0.4 part of salt and 0.4 part of trace elements to obtain the compound feed;
the compound enzyme is prepared from xylanase, pectinase and beta-glucosidase according to the weight ratio of 0.5: 0.5: 2, preparing a composition;
s5, daily management: putting quicklime into the container every 15 days for disinfection, wherein the putting amount is 20 kg/mu each time; the transparency of the water body is more than or equal to 40% by replacing fresh water in time, wherein the specific method for replacing the fresh water comprises the following steps: firstly discharging water at the bottom layer of the pond, and then adding fresh water of 15 cm; oxygen is added by an aerator, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than or equal to 5 mg/L;
s6, catching: catching adult shrimps of more than 4cm in 9-10 months, draining and catching the rest shrimps in ten days of 11 months, and finally harvesting 541kg of freshwater shrimps.
Comparative example
A disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, pond construction: selecting a pond with a rectangular shape, a slope ratio of 1: 3, an area of 6 mu and a sludge layer of less than or equal to 10cm, putting quicklime 15 days before seed putting for pond cleaning and disinfection, and installing an aerator;
s2, paving the aquatic plants and the meshes: injecting water into the pond until the water depth is 50cm, transplanting water peanuts in shallow water areas around the pond, transplanting hydrilla verticillata at the bottom of the pond, and arranging summer flower meshes in the middle of the pond;
s3, seed putting: putting the young shrimps in the first ten days of 6 months to the last ten days of 7 months, putting the young silver carps 15 days after the young shrimps are put, and after the putting is finished, adding fresh water until the water depth is 1m, wherein the stocking density of the young shrimps is 5 thousands of fishes per mu, and the stocking density of the young silver carps is 25 fishes per mu;
s4, feeding management: feeding the compound feed accounting for 4.5 percent of the weight of the freshwater shrimps twice a day, wherein 1/3 of the total weight of the compound feed is fed at 8-9 am, and the rest compound feed is fed at 5-6 pm;
the preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1.5 parts of honeysuckle, 3 parts of lotus leaf, 1.5 parts of wild chrysanthemum flower, 1.5 parts of perilla leaf, 1 part of medlar, 0.5 part of astragalus root, 0.5 part of eupatorium and 30 parts of bean cake powder, 18 parts of wheat flour, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, 7 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of bone meal, 8 parts of shell powder, 4 parts of rice bran, 3 parts of zeolite powder, 1 part of shrimp shell powder, 1 part of rapeseed oil, 0.4 part of salt and 0.4 part of trace elements in parts by weight to obtain the feed additive;
s5, daily management: putting quicklime into the container every 15 days for disinfection, wherein the putting amount is 20 kg/mu each time; the transparency of the water body is more than or equal to 40% by replacing fresh water in time, wherein the specific method for replacing the fresh water comprises the following steps: firstly discharging water at the bottom layer of the pond, and then adding fresh water of 15 cm; oxygen is added by an aerator, so that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than or equal to 5 mg/L;
s6, catching: adult shrimps with the length of more than 4cm are caught in 9-10 months, the rest shrimps are caught in the drainage of the last 11 months, and finally 504kg of freshwater shrimps are harvested.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pond construction: selecting a pond with a sludge layer less than or equal to 10cm, putting quicklime in 15-20 days before putting the seedlings, cleaning the pond and sterilizing, and installing an aerator;
s2, paving the aquatic plants and the meshes: injecting water into the pond until the water depth is 50-60cm, transplanting water peanuts in shallow water areas around the pond, transplanting hydrilla verticillata at the bottom of the pond, and arranging summer flower meshes in the middle of the pond;
s3, seed putting: putting the young shrimps in the late 6 th to the early 7 th months, putting a small amount of young silver carps 15-20 days after the young silver carps are put, and adding fresh water until the water depth is 1-1.2m after the putting is finished;
s4, feeding management: feeding the mixed feed according to 4-5% of the weight of the freshwater shrimps;
the preparation method of the compound feed comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 1-2 parts by weight of honeysuckle, 2-4 parts by weight of lotus leaf, 1-1.5 parts by weight of wild chrysanthemum flower, 1-1.5 parts by weight of perilla leaf, 1-2 parts by weight of medlar, 0.5-1 part by weight of astragalus root and 0.5-1 part by weight of fortune eupatorium herb, adding 0.05-0.2 part by weight of complex enzyme for enzymolysis treatment, filtering after high-temperature enzyme deactivation, drying and crushing a filter cake, and uniformly mixing the filter cake with 25-35 parts by weight of soybean cake powder, 15-20 parts by weight of wheat flour, 10-15 parts by weight of rapeseed meal, 5-10 parts by weight of fish meal, 5-10 parts by weight of bone meal, 5-10 parts by weight of shell powder, 3-5 parts by weight of rice bran, 2-3 parts by weight of zeolite powder, 1-2 parts by weight of shrimp shell powder, 0.5-1 part by weight of rapeseed oil, 0.3-0.;
the compound enzyme consists of beta-glucosidase and at least one of xylanase, pectinase and flavourzyme;
s5, daily management: putting quicklime every 10-15 days for disinfection, timely replacing fresh water to ensure that the transparency of the water body is more than or equal to 40%, and increasing oxygen by an aerator to ensure that the dissolved oxygen of the water body is more than or equal to 5 mg/L;
s6, catching: fishing grown shrimps with the length of more than 4cm in 9-10 months, and draining and fishing the rest shrimps in the last ten days of 11 months.
2. The disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method of claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the compound enzyme is prepared by mixing flavourzyme and beta-glucosidase according to a weight ratio of (0.5-1): (1-2).
3. The disease-resistant freshwater shrimp culture method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the compound enzyme is prepared from pectinase and beta-glucosidase according to a weight ratio of (0.5-1): (1-2).
4. The disease-resistant freshwater shrimp culture method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the complex enzyme is prepared from xylanase, pectinase and beta-glucosidase according to a weight ratio of (0.3-0.5): (0.5-1): (1-2).
5. The disease-resistant freshwater shrimp culture method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein in the step S4, the temperature of enzymolysis is 40-55 ℃, the pH is 5-7, the time is 8-12h, and the ratio of material to liquid is 1: (4-8).
6. The disease-resistant freshwater shrimp culture method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the pond is rectangular in shape, the slope ratio is 1 to (2.5-3.5), and the area is 5-8 mu.
7. The disease-resistant freshwater shrimp breeding method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein in the step S3, the stocking density of the shrimp fries is 4-6 ten thousand fries/mu, and the stocking density of the silver carp fries is 20-30 fries/mu.
8. The disease-resistant freshwater shrimp culture method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein in the step S4, the specific method for feeding the feed comprises the following steps: feeding the feed twice a day, wherein the total weight of the mixed feed is 1/4-1/3 at 8-9 am, and the rest mixed feed is fed at 5-6 pm.
9. The disease-resistant freshwater shrimp culture method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein in the step S5, the specific method for replacing fresh water is as follows: firstly discharging the water at the bottom layer of the pond, and then adding new water of 10-15 cm.
10. The disease-resistant freshwater shrimp culture method according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein in the step S5, the amount of quicklime put in each time is 15-20 kg/mu.
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