CN111567360A - Potted plant nutrient soil prepared by utilizing livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Potted plant nutrient soil prepared by utilizing livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nutrient soil preparation, and discloses potted plant nutrient soil prepared by utilizing livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein the potted plant nutrient soil comprises, by mass, 18-30 parts of surface soil, 12-25 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 9-15 parts of decomposed bean curd residues, 3-6 parts of flower ceramsite, 5-8 parts of coniferous soil, 9-17 parts of compound fertilizer, 8-15 parts of plant ash, 7-15 parts of bone meal, 3-6 parts of eggshell powder, 5-9 parts of chitosan, 3-5 parts of growth hormone, 2-7 parts of compound microbial agent, 3-6 parts of plant extract and 1-3 parts of herbicide. The raw materials of the pot culture nutrient soil provided by the invention have mutual synergistic effect, so that the nutrient requirement of plants in the growth period can be met; the saturated water content of the soil can be improved, the effect of fertilizer retention is achieved, and the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer is improved; meanwhile, the soil structure can be improved, the soil permeability can be changed, and the growth of plants is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nutrient soil preparation, and particularly relates to potted plant nutrient soil prepared by utilizing livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art:
the nutrient soil is prepared to meet the growth and development of seedlings and is special to prepare various mineral nutrients, loose and ventilated, and strong in water and fertilizer retention capacity. The garden soil prepared from the flower-growing nutrient soil is also called as garden soil, which is common cultivation soil, and is one of main raw materials for preparing culture soil due to high fertility and good granular structure caused by frequent fertilization and cultivation. The disadvantages are that the surface layer is easy to harden when dry, and the air permeability and water permeability are poor when wet, so that the water-proof paint can not be used independently. In the preparation of the substrate nutrient soil, the fermentation of the leaf mold is a key step, the old leaf mold preparation in the past adopts an original method, the raw materials are piled up and fermented for one or two years, the operation energy storage period is long, the maintenance cost is high, the labor intensity is high, and the method is not suitable for a rapid commercial operation mode.
At present, the domestic nutrient soil production unit mainly takes vermiculite, perlite, peat, reed powder, traditional Chinese medicine residues, mushroom residues and the like as matrix raw materials. Because the prior commonly used nutrient soil, such as grass carbon, perlite and vermiculite, has few sources, high transportation cost, low nutrient content and stable property, can not meet the nutrient requirement of plant growth, the nutrient supply mainly depends on the supplement of nutrient solution, the popularization has certain limitation, and mosquitoes and the like are easily generated. Therefore, a new potting nutrient soil and a preparation method thereof are needed to solve the problems in the prior art.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the traditional raw material composting fermentation has long time, high maintenance cost and high labor intensity, and is not suitable for a rapid commercial operation mode.
(2) At present, the commonly used nutrient soil, namely grass carbon, perlite and vermiculite, has the advantages of few sources, high transportation cost, low nutrient content and stable property, cannot meet the nutrient requirement of plant growth, is mainly supplied by supplementing nutrient solution, has certain limitation in popularization, and is easy to generate mosquitoes and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a potting nutrient soil prepared by utilizing livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized in such a way that a preparation method of potting nutrient soil prepared by utilizing livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil comprises the following steps:
weighing raw materials according to a mass ratio, and soaking the raw materials in a disinfectant for 3-5 hours respectively;
acquiring standard humidity data of the decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure, detecting the humidity of the decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure by using a humidity sensor, and heating the decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure by using an electromagnetic heater;
step three, in the heating process, determining the maximum output voltage value from the output values of the previously detected humidity sensors; acquiring an output value of a humidity sensor, detecting the change of the output value of the humidity sensor, determining a minimum output voltage value, judging the output value of the humidity sensor and the grade of the minimum output voltage value at a specific time, and setting different dryness judgment reference values according to the judgment result;
comparing a voltage change value between the current output value and the minimum output voltage value with the dryness judgment reference value, and when the detected output value of the humidity sensor is greater than the maximum output voltage value, not judging the dryness and directly stopping drying; or when the water content is lower than 25%, the drying is finished;
fifthly, transmitting the dried decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure to a crushing chamber by using a transmission belt, sensing the weight of the medicine to be crushed based on a pressure sensor arranged on the transmission belt, and controlling the transmission belt to slow down the transmission speed when the detected pressure exceeds a set value;
step six, crushing the decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure by using a cutter arranged in the crushing chamber, and sieving the crushed decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure by using a filter screen at the bottom of the crushing chamber through a 100-mesh and 200-mesh sieve; crushing the substances which do not meet the requirement of the crushing fineness again; until all the substances reach the requirement of grinding fineness, obtaining a mixture A;
seventhly, acquiring standard humidity data of plant ash, coniferous soil, bone meal and eggshell powder; detecting the humidity of the plant ash, the coniferous soil, the bone meal and the eggshell powder by using a humidity sensor, and heating the plant ash, the coniferous soil, the bone meal and the eggshell powder by using an electromagnetic heater; drying control of plant ash, coniferous soil, bone meal and eggshell powder is carried out by using a drying degree control method in the third step to the fourth step, and the plant ash, the coniferous soil, the bone meal and the eggshell powder with the water content of less than 15% are obtained;
step eight, crushing the dried plant ash, needle leaf soil, bone meal and eggshell powder by using the crushing method from the step five to the step six, and sieving the crushed materials by using a sieve of 150-200 meshes to obtain a mixture B;
step nine, putting the mixture A obtained in the step six and the mixture B obtained in the step seven into a stirrer, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding surface soil and chitosan, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed material C;
adding the compound microbial agent and water accounting for 40% of the mass of the mixture into the mixture C, uniformly stirring and mixing, and stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermentation mixture; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation mixture to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
step eleven, sequentially adding the compound fertilizer and the flower ceramsite into the biogas residue, and placing the mixture into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred and mixed to obtain a mixed material D;
and step twelve, uniformly mixing the growth hormone, the plant extract, the herbicide and the biogas slurry, uniformly spraying the mixture D, and then drying and sterilizing to obtain the potting nutrient soil.
Further, in the first step, 20-25 ml of 40% formalin solution is used for disinfection for every 1kg of raw materials.
The invention also aims to provide the potting nutrient soil prepared by the preparation method of the potting nutrient soil prepared from the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil, and the potting nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
18-30 parts of surface soil, 12-25 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 9-15 parts of decomposed bean curd residue, 3-6 parts of flower ceramsite, 5-8 parts of coniferous soil, 9-17 parts of compound fertilizer, 8-15 parts of plant ash, 7-15 parts of bone meal, 3-6 parts of eggshell powder, 5-9 parts of chitosan, 3-5 parts of growth hormone, 2-7 parts of compound microbial agent, 3-6 parts of plant extract and 1-3 parts of herbicide.
Further, the compound fertilizer consists of 6-14 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of ammonium phosphate, 1.5-2.6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3.5-4 parts of potassium sulfate.
Further, the compound microbial agent is an aerobic compound microbial agent containing filamentous bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast and gram-positive actinomycetes.
Further, the plant extract is a mixture of garlic extract, ginger extract and fructus cnidii extract.
Further, the preparation method of the decomposed livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining livestock and poultry manure, adding a leavening agent into the manure, and uniformly stirring; adjusting the pH value by adding straws, straws and mushroom residues; drying by using a drying device, and keeping the water content at 60-65%;
2) piling the dried substance obtained in the step 1) on the ground, continuously stirring, and turning the pile; decomposing for 7-10 days, and sterilizing and killing insects to obtain decomposed livestock and poultry manure.
Further, in the step 1), the livestock and poultry manure can be one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and cattle manure.
Further, the preparation method of the decomposed bean curd residue comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and uniformly stirring the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the leavening agent to obtain a mixture E, and turning over the mixture E every day for 20 days;
(2) and piling the thrown materials on the ground, covering the materials by using a plastic film, keeping the materials fully irradiated by sunlight, and turning the materials once a month for 5 to 6 months to obtain the decomposed bean curd residues.
Further, in the step (1), the leavening agent is a leavening agent of bean curd residue and vinasse.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:
according to the potting nutrient soil prepared by utilizing the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and the soil and the preparation method thereof, raw materials are mutually synergistic, and the nutrient requirement of plants in the growth period can be met. The invention improves the saturated water content of the soil, can play a role in keeping fertilizer, achieves the effects of saving water and fertilizer and improving the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer, and simultaneously can improve the soil structure, change the permeability of the soil and be beneficial to the growth of plants. The nutrient soil for the potted plant has the advantages of rich nutrient substances, good water and fertilizer retention, good soil air permeability, low cost, high nutritive value, rich mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus and the like, capability of continuously providing nutrition, convenient use, no pollution to the environment and good instant solubility, and the potted plant can be directly put into the nutrient soil for growth.
According to the invention, chitosan is added into the potting nutrient soil as a raw material, the chitosan has good moisture retention property, and positive charges on chitosan molecules interact with negative charges on bacterial cell membranes, so that protease and other components in bacterial cells are leaked, and the potting nutrient soil has an antibacterial effect, can bring nutrient substances to plants, and ensures that the potting is far away from plant diseases and insect pests.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing potting nutrient soil by using livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a drying method provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a pulverizing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for preparing decomposed livestock and poultry manure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for preparing decomposed soybean curd refuse according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a potting nutrient soil prepared by utilizing livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil and a preparation method thereof, and the invention is described in detail by combining the attached drawings.
The pot culture nutrient soil prepared by utilizing the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and the soil comprises, by mass, 18-30 parts of surface soil, 12-25 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 9-15 parts of decomposed bean curd residue, 3-6 parts of flower ceramsite, 5-8 parts of coniferous soil, 9-17 parts of compound fertilizer, 8-15 parts of plant ash, 7-15 parts of bone meal, 3-6 parts of eggshell powder, 5-9 parts of chitosan, 3-5 parts of growth hormone, 2-7 parts of compound microbial inoculum, 3-6 parts of plant extract and 1-3 parts of herbicide.
The compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention consists of 6-14 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of ammonium phosphate, 1.5-2.6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3.5-4 parts of potassium sulfate.
The compound microbial agent provided by the embodiment of the invention is an aerobic compound microbial agent containing filamentous bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and gram-positive actinomycetes.
The plant extract provided by the embodiment of the invention is a mixture of garlic extract, ginger extract and fructus cnidii extract.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the potting nutrient soil prepared by using the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and the soil provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, and soaking the raw materials in disinfectant for 3-5 hours respectively;
s102: respectively drying the decomposed bean curd residue and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure to ensure that the water content is lower than 25%; putting the mixture into a stirrer to be stirred, mixed uniformly and crushed, and sieving the mixture through a 100-sand 120-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
s103: drying plant ash, needle leaf soil, bone meal and eggshell powder respectively to make the water content lower than 15%; putting the mixture into a stirrer to be stirred, mixed uniformly and crushed, and sieving the mixture through a 150-mesh and 200-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture B;
s104: putting the mixture A obtained in the step S102 and the mixture B obtained in the step S103 into a stirrer, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding surface soil and chitosan, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material C;
s105: adding the compound microbial agent and water accounting for 40% of the mass of the mixture into the mixture C, stirring and mixing uniformly, and stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermentation mixture; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation mixture to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
s106: sequentially adding the compound fertilizer and the flower ceramsite into the biogas residue, and placing the mixture into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred and mixed to obtain a mixed material D;
s107: and uniformly mixing the growth hormone, the plant extract, the herbicide and the biogas slurry, uniformly spraying the mixture D, and then drying and sterilizing to obtain the potting nutrient soil.
As shown in fig. 2, the drying method provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s201, acquiring standard humidity data of a material to be dried, detecting the humidity of the material to be dried by using a humidity sensor, and heating the material to be dried by using an electromagnetic heater;
s202, in the heating process, determining a maximum output voltage value from the output values of the previously detected humidity sensors; acquiring an output value of a humidity sensor, detecting the change of the output value of the humidity sensor, determining a minimum output voltage value, judging the output value of the humidity sensor and the grade of the minimum output voltage value at a specific time, and setting different dryness judgment reference values according to the judgment result;
s203, comparing a voltage change value between the current output value and the minimum output voltage value with the dryness judgment reference value, and when the detected output value of the humidity sensor is greater than the maximum output voltage value, not judging the dryness and directly stopping drying; or when the water content is lower than the preset threshold value, the drying is finished.
As shown in fig. 3, the crushing method provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s301, conveying the dried material to be crushed to a crushing chamber by using a conveying belt, sensing the weight of the medicine to be crushed based on a pressure sensor arranged on the conveying belt, and controlling the conveying belt to slow down the conveying speed when the detected pressure exceeds a set value;
s302, crushing the material to be crushed by using a cutter arranged in the crushing chamber, and sieving the crushed material by using a filter screen at the bottom of the crushing chamber; crushing the substances which do not meet the requirement of the crushing fineness again; until all the materials reach the crushing fineness.
As shown in fig. 4, the method for preparing decomposed livestock and poultry manure according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s401, obtaining livestock and poultry manure, adding a leavening agent into the manure, and uniformly stirring; adjusting the pH value by adding straws, straws and mushroom residues; drying by using a drying device, and keeping the water content at 60-65%;
s402, stacking the dried substances obtained in the step S401 on the ground, continuously stirring, and turning the stack; decomposing for 7-10 days, and sterilizing and killing insects to obtain decomposed livestock and poultry manure.
In step S401, the livestock manure may be one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure, and cow manure.
As shown in fig. 5, the method for preparing the decomposed soybean curd residue according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s501, mixing and uniformly stirring the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the leavening agent to obtain a mixture E, and turning over the mixture E every day for 20 days;
and S502, piling the thrown and turned materials on the ground, covering the materials by using a plastic film, keeping the materials fully irradiated by sunlight, turning the materials once a month, and obtaining the thoroughly decomposed bean curd residues after 5-6 months.
In step S501, the fermentation agent provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a fermentation agent of bean curd residue and distiller' S grains.
In the first step provided by the embodiment of the invention, 20-25 ml of 40% formalin solution is used for disinfection, and each 1kg raw material is used.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The potting nutrient soil prepared by using the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil comprises, by mass, 22 parts of surface soil, 17 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 11 parts of decomposed bean curd residue, 5 parts of flower ceramsite, 5 parts of coniferous soil, 10 parts of compound fertilizer, 8 parts of plant ash, 7 parts of bone meal, 3 parts of eggshell powder, 5 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of growth hormone, 2 parts of compound microbial agent, 3 parts of plant extract and 1 part of herbicide.
The compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention consists of 6 parts of urea, 5 parts of ammonium phosphate, 1.5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3.5 parts of potassium sulfate.
The preparation method of the potting nutrient soil prepared by utilizing the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and the soil provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, and soaking the raw materials in disinfectant for 3 hours respectively;
s102: respectively drying the thoroughly decomposed bean curd residue and the thoroughly decomposed livestock and poultry manure to ensure that the water content is 20%; mixing uniformly and crushing, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
s103: drying plant ash, needle leaf soil, bone meal and eggshell powder respectively to make the water content lower than 15%; mixing uniformly and crushing, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture B;
s104: putting the mixture A obtained in the step S102 and the mixture B obtained in the step S103 into a stirrer, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding surface soil and chitosan, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material C;
s105: adding the compound microbial agent and water accounting for 40% of the mass of the mixture into the mixture C, stirring and mixing uniformly, and stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermentation mixture; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation mixture to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
s106: sequentially adding the compound fertilizer and the flower ceramsite into the biogas residue, and placing the mixture into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred and mixed to obtain a mixed material D;
s107: and uniformly mixing the growth hormone, the plant extract, the herbicide and the biogas slurry, uniformly spraying the mixture D, and then drying and sterilizing to obtain the potting nutrient soil.
In step S101, the disinfection provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses 20ml of 40% formalin solution for each 1kg of raw material.
Example 2
The potting nutrient soil prepared by using the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil comprises, by mass, 20 parts of surface soil, 15 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 10 parts of decomposed bean curd residue, 4 parts of flower ceramsite, 6 parts of coniferous soil, 10 parts of compound fertilizer, 8 parts of plant ash, 7 parts of bone meal, 4 parts of eggshell powder, 5 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of growth hormone, 3 parts of compound microbial agent, 4 parts of plant extract and 1 part of herbicide.
The compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention consists of 10 parts of urea, 7 parts of ammonium phosphate, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3.7 parts of potassium sulfate.
The preparation method of the potting nutrient soil prepared by utilizing the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and the soil provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, and soaking the raw materials in disinfectant for 4 hours respectively;
s102: respectively drying the thoroughly decomposed bean curd residue and the thoroughly decomposed livestock and poultry manure to ensure that the water content is 20%; mixing uniformly and crushing, and sieving by a 110-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
s103: drying plant ash, needle leaf soil, bone meal and eggshell powder respectively to make the water content lower than 15%; mixing uniformly and crushing, and sieving with a 170-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture B;
s104: putting the mixture A obtained in the step S102 and the mixture B obtained in the step S103 into a stirrer, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding surface soil and chitosan, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material C;
s105: adding the compound microbial agent and water accounting for 40% of the mass of the mixture into the mixture C, stirring and mixing uniformly, and stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermentation mixture; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation mixture to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
s106: sequentially adding the compound fertilizer and the flower ceramsite into the biogas residue, and placing the mixture into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred and mixed to obtain a mixed material D;
s107: and uniformly mixing the growth hormone, the plant extract, the herbicide and the biogas slurry, uniformly spraying the mixture D, and then drying and sterilizing to obtain the potting nutrient soil.
In step S101, the disinfection provided by the embodiment of the present invention uses 22ml of 40% formalin solution for each 1kg of raw material.
Example 3
The potting nutrient soil prepared by utilizing the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and the soil comprises, by mass, 18 parts of surface soil, 12 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 10 parts of decomposed bean curd residue, 5 parts of flower ceramsite, 5 parts of coniferous soil, 9 parts of compound fertilizer, 8 parts of plant ash, 7 parts of bone meal, 5 parts of eggshell powder, 6 parts of chitosan, 4 parts of growth hormone, 4 parts of compound microbial agent, 5 parts of plant extract and 2 parts of herbicide.
The compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention consists of 14 parts of urea, 8 parts of ammonium phosphate, 2.6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 4 parts of potassium sulfate.
The preparation method of the potting nutrient soil prepared by utilizing the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and the soil provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, and soaking the raw materials in disinfectant for 5 hours respectively;
s102: respectively drying the thoroughly decomposed bean curd residue and the thoroughly decomposed livestock and poultry manure to ensure that the water content is 10 percent; mixing uniformly and crushing, and sieving by a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture A;
s103: drying plant ash, needle leaf soil, bone meal and eggshell powder respectively to make the water content lower than 15%; mixing uniformly and crushing, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture B;
s104: putting the mixture A obtained in the step S102 and the mixture B obtained in the step S103 into a stirrer, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding surface soil and chitosan, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material C;
s105: adding the compound microbial agent and water accounting for 40% of the mass of the mixture into the mixture C, stirring and mixing uniformly, and stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermentation mixture; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation mixture to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
s106: sequentially adding the compound fertilizer and the flower ceramsite into the biogas residue, and placing the mixture into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred and mixed to obtain a mixed material D;
s107: and uniformly mixing the growth hormone, the plant extract, the herbicide and the biogas slurry, uniformly spraying the mixture D, and then drying and sterilizing to obtain the potting nutrient soil.
In step S101, 25ml of 40% formalin solution is used for sterilization per 1kg of raw material in the present embodiment.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of potting nutrient soil prepared from livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
weighing raw materials according to a mass ratio, and soaking the raw materials in a disinfectant for 3-5 hours respectively;
acquiring standard humidity data of the decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure, detecting the humidity of the decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure by using a humidity sensor, and heating the decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure by using an electromagnetic heater;
step three, in the heating process, determining the maximum output voltage value from the output values of the previously detected humidity sensors; acquiring an output value of a humidity sensor, detecting the change of the output value of the humidity sensor, determining a minimum output voltage value, judging the output value of the humidity sensor and the grade of the minimum output voltage value at a specific time, and setting different dryness judgment reference values according to the judgment result;
comparing a voltage change value between the current output value and the minimum output voltage value with the dryness judgment reference value, and when the detected output value of the humidity sensor is greater than the maximum output voltage value, not judging the dryness and directly stopping drying; or when the water content is lower than 25%, the drying is finished;
fifthly, transmitting the dried decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure to a crushing chamber by using a transmission belt, sensing the weight of the medicine to be crushed based on a pressure sensor arranged on the transmission belt, and controlling the transmission belt to slow down the transmission speed when the detected pressure exceeds a set value;
step six, crushing the decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure by using a cutter arranged in the crushing chamber, and sieving the crushed decomposed bean curd residues and the decomposed livestock and poultry manure by using a filter screen at the bottom of the crushing chamber through a 100-mesh and 200-mesh sieve; crushing the substances which do not meet the requirement of the crushing fineness again; until all the substances reach the requirement of grinding fineness, obtaining a mixture A;
seventhly, acquiring standard humidity data of plant ash, coniferous soil, bone meal and eggshell powder; detecting the humidity of the plant ash, the coniferous soil, the bone meal and the eggshell powder by using a humidity sensor, and heating the plant ash, the coniferous soil, the bone meal and the eggshell powder by using an electromagnetic heater; drying control of plant ash, coniferous soil, bone meal and eggshell powder is carried out by using a drying degree control method in the third step to the fourth step, and the plant ash, the coniferous soil, the bone meal and the eggshell powder with the water content of less than 15% are obtained;
step eight, crushing the dried plant ash, needle leaf soil, bone meal and eggshell powder by using the crushing method from the step five to the step six, and sieving the crushed materials by using a sieve of 150-200 meshes to obtain a mixture B;
step nine, putting the mixture A obtained in the step six and the mixture B obtained in the step seven into a stirrer, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding surface soil and chitosan, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixed material C;
adding the compound microbial agent and water accounting for 40% of the mass of the mixture into the mixture C, uniformly stirring and mixing, and stacking and fermenting to obtain a fermentation mixture; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermentation mixture to obtain biogas residues and biogas slurry;
step eleven, sequentially adding the compound fertilizer and the flower ceramsite into the biogas residue, and placing the mixture into a stirrer to be uniformly stirred and mixed to obtain a mixed material D;
and step twelve, uniformly mixing the growth hormone, the plant extract, the herbicide and the biogas slurry, uniformly spraying the mixture D, and then drying and sterilizing to obtain the potting nutrient soil.
2. The method for preparing potting nutrient soil using livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, 20-25 ml of 40% formalin solution is used for disinfection for every 1kg of raw material.
3. The potting nutrient soil prepared by the preparation method of the potting nutrient soil prepared from the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer and soil according to the claims 1-2, is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
18-30 parts of surface soil, 12-25 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 9-15 parts of decomposed bean curd residue, 3-6 parts of flower ceramsite, 5-8 parts of coniferous soil, 9-17 parts of compound fertilizer, 8-15 parts of plant ash, 7-15 parts of bone meal, 3-6 parts of eggshell powder, 5-9 parts of chitosan, 3-5 parts of growth hormone, 2-7 parts of compound microbial agent, 3-6 parts of plant extract and 1-3 parts of herbicide.
4. The potting nutrient soil of claim 3, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises 6 to 14 parts of urea, 5 to 8 parts of ammonium phosphate, 1.5 to 2.6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 to 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 3.5 to 4 parts of potassium sulfate.
5. The potting nutrient soil of claim 3, wherein the complex microbial inoculant is an aerobic complex microbial inoculant comprising filamentous bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, gram positive actinomycetes.
6. The potting nutrient soil of claim 3, wherein the plant extract is a mixture of garlic extract, ginger extract and cnidium fruit extract.
7. The potting nutrient soil of claim 3, wherein the preparation of the composted livestock and poultry manure comprises:
1) obtaining livestock and poultry manure, adding a leavening agent into the manure, and uniformly stirring; adjusting the pH value by adding straws, straws and mushroom residues; drying by using a drying device, and keeping the water content at 60-65%;
2) piling the dried substance obtained in the step 1) on the ground, continuously stirring, and turning the pile; decomposing for 7-10 days, and sterilizing and killing insects to obtain decomposed livestock and poultry manure.
8. The potting nutrient soil of claim 7, wherein in step 1), the livestock manure is one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and cow manure.
9. The potting nutrient soil of claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the decomposed bean curd residue comprises:
(1) mixing and uniformly stirring the bean curd residue, the corn flour, the rice bran and the leavening agent to obtain a mixture E, and turning over the mixture E every day for 20 days;
(2) and piling the thrown materials on the ground, covering the materials by using a plastic film, keeping the materials fully irradiated by sunlight, and turning the materials once a month for 5 to 6 months to obtain the decomposed bean curd residues.
10. The potting nutrient soil of claim 9, wherein in step (1), the starter culture is a fermentation broth of distiller's grains of tofu lees.
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Application publication date: 20200825 |