CN111557157A - Simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes - Google Patents
Simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111557157A CN111557157A CN202010434986.9A CN202010434986A CN111557157A CN 111557157 A CN111557157 A CN 111557157A CN 202010434986 A CN202010434986 A CN 202010434986A CN 111557157 A CN111557157 A CN 111557157A
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- fertilizer
- water
- gun
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- turpan
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
- A01C23/023—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes, which comprises the steps of applying fertilizer water to grapevines by using a fertilization gun, carrying out concentrated distribution along peripheral root systems of grapevine crowns during fertilization, obliquely inserting the fertilization gun into soil with the depth of 25-35cm, and injecting the fertilizer water into the soil; the number of fertilizer injection holes of soil around each grape tree is 6-10; applying 10-25kg of total fertilizer and water to each grape vine; the concentration of the fertilizer in the fertilizer water is not more than 4%. The invention utilizes the fertilizing gun to carry out water and fertilizer integrated management on grape planting, and realizes the modern farmland fertilizing requirements of precision, economization and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes.
Background
At present, most of fertilization operations of the Turpan grapes are still in a traditional mode, manual control is mainly adopted, ditching, ditch selection and fertilizer burying are needed, the labor investment is large, the time consumption is long, the artificial experience is excessively relied on, the randomness is large, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, and resources are wasted; and the problems of agricultural planting such as soil structure damage and the like are further raised in the past.
Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of fertilization operation and make the fertilization operation more scientific, accurate and economical is a problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes uses a fertilization gun to apply fertilizer and water to grape vines:
when in fertilization, a concentrated distribution area is tied along the peripheral root system of the grape crown, a fertilization gun is obliquely inserted into the soil to a depth of 25-35cm, and the fertilizer water is injected into the soil;
the number of fertilizer injection holes of soil around each grape tree is 6-10;
applying 10-25kg of total fertilizer and water to each grape vine;
the concentration of the fertilizer in the fertilizer water is not more than 4%.
The fertilization gun is used for fertilization, so that water and fertilizer integrated management can be realized, and water irrigation and fertilizer application are more accurate; by controlling the fertilizing depth, the number of fertilizer injection holes, the fertilizer application amount and the fertilizer concentration in the fertilizer, the water and nutrients required by each grape vine can be uniformly, properly and accurately controlled and supplied, and the problems of strong randomness and low operation efficiency of the traditional ditching and fertilizer burying method are effectively solved.
In addition, the fertilizer is directly applied to the vicinity of the root system of the grape along with a proper amount of water, so that the fertilizer is concentrated at the root system of the grape, the deep layer loss is reduced, the nutrients required by the growth of the grape are met, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the underground water is prevented from being polluted by the fertilizer.
Preferably, the distance between the fertilizer injection hole and the trunk of the grape vine is 50-90 cm;
the distance between the two fertilizer injection holes is not more than 60 cm.
The position selection of the fertilizer injection holes can ensure that the fertilizer is applied more uniformly, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
Preferably, the fertilizer gun is inserted into the soil at an inclination angle of 30-60 °.
The setting of the insertion angle is more favorable for the insertion of the fertilizing gun on the one hand relative to the vertical insertion, changes the diffusion direction of the fertilizer water on the one hand and is more favorable for the diffusion of the fertilizer in the soil with different depths.
The inclination angle of the fertilizer gun inserted into the soil is 40-50 degrees.
Preferably, the depth stop of the existing fertilizing gun is generally perpendicular to the gun rod, and the depth stop of the fertilizing gun can be designed to be oblique to the gun rod, so that the insertion depth is controlled and the insertion angle is controlled at the same time.
Further preferably, the number of the water spray holes at the head of the selected fertilizing gun is at least 4, and the water spray holes are uniformly distributed on the side edge of the head.
Preferably, the fertilization periods are respectively a flowering period (about the middle and upper ten days of 5 months), a fruit setting period (a period after the blossom begins to grow and develop, about the middle and lower ten days of 5 months), a fruit expanding period (about the middle and upper ten days of 5 months to 6 months) and a color changing period (about the lower ten days of 6 months), and the total amount of the fertilizer and water applied to each grape tree is 10-25kg in each period.
Further preferably, the total amount of fertilizer and water applied to each grape tree in the flowering phase and the fruit setting phase is 15-25 kg;
and applying 10-20kg of total fertilizer and water to each grape tree in the fruit expanding period and the color changing period respectively.
Preferably, applying high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer in the flowering and fruit setting stages;
applying a high-phosphorus potassium type water-soluble fertilizer in the fruit expanding period;
applying high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer in the color conversion period.
The fertilizer is selected according to different growth periods of the grapes, so that the fertilizer efficiency is fully exerted, and the quality and the yield of the grapes are improved.
Furthermore, elements such as boron, calcium and the like are added into the fertilizer applied in the fruit expanding period.
Further, the content of nitrogen fertilizer in the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is more than 60 percent; the content of the phosphorus fertilizer in the high phosphorus and potassium type water soluble fertilizer is more than 30 percent, and the content of the potassium fertilizer is more than 30 percent; the content of the potash fertilizer in the high-potash water-soluble fertilizer is more than 50 percent.
In conclusion, the water and fertilizer integrated management system utilizes the fertilizer application gun to carry out water and fertilizer integrated management on grape planting, and meets the modern farmland fertilization requirements of precision, conservation and high efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a state where a fertilization gun is used for fertilization;
wherein, 1, a water spray hole; 2. a depth limiting gear; h. the depth of insertion; alpha. the angle of inclination.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes comprises the steps that a fertilization gun is used for applying fertilizer to grape vines, 4 water spray holes 1 are uniformly formed in the side wall of the gun head as shown in figure 1, and a depth limiting block 2 which inclines for 45 degrees relative to the gun head is installed on the gun head.
And (3) obliquely inserting the head of a fertilizing gun into the soil at a position about 80cm away from the trunk of the grape vine during fertilizing, wherein the inclination angle alpha of the fertilizing gun relative to the ground plane is 45 degrees, the insertion depth h is 30cm, and the fertilizer water is driven into the soil. The number of fertilizer injection holes in the soil around each grape vine is 10, and the distance between every two fertilizer injection holes is not more than 60 cm.
The specific fertilizer application is as follows:
applying a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer in the flowering phase: every 100g of the fertilizer contains 65g of urea, 15g of potassium nitrate, 10g of monopotassium phosphate, 5g of monoammonium phosphate and 5g of compound amino acid.
The mass concentration of the fertilizer in the fertilizer water is 3 percent; applying the total amount of fertilizer and water to each grape vine by about 20 kg; the fertilizing time of each fertilizer injection hole is about 20s, and the fertilizer liquid is injected about 2.0 kg.
Applying a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer in a fruit setting period:
every 100g of the fertilizer contains 60g of urea, 15g of monoammonium phosphate, 15g of potassium nitrate and 10g of monopotassium phosphate.
The mass concentration of the fertilizer in the fertilizer water is 4 percent; applying the total amount of fertilizer and water to each grape vine by about 20 kg; the fertilizing time of each fertilizer injection hole is about 20s, and the fertilizer liquid is injected about 2.0 kg.
Applying high-phosphorus potassium type water-soluble fertilizer in fruit expanding period:
every 100g of fertilizer contains 30g of monopotassium phosphate, 15g of potassium nitrate, 15g of monoammonium phosphate, 10g of boric acid, 10g of calcium chloride, 8g of humic acid, 5g of compound amino acid, 4g of trace elements (including ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and molybdenum sulfate) and 3g of sodium alginate.
The mass concentration of the fertilizer in the fertilizer water is 4 percent; applying the total amount of fertilizer and water to each grape vine by about 15 kg; the fertilizing time of each fertilizer injection hole is about 15s, and the fertilizer liquid is injected by about 1.5 kg.
Applying a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer in a color conversion period:
every 100g of fertilizer contains 30g of potassium chloride, 20g of monopotassium phosphate, 10g of potassium nitrate, 15g of ammonium nitrate, 10g of humic acid, 5g of boric acid, 5g of calcium chloride, 3g of compound amino acid and 2g of trace elements (including ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and molybdenum sulfate).
The mass concentration of the fertilizer in the fertilizer water is 3.5 percent; applying the total amount of fertilizer and water to each grape vine by about 15 kg; the fertilizing time of each fertilizer injection hole is about 15s, and the fertilizer liquid is injected by about 1.5 kg.
Example 2
A simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes is characterized in that a fertilization gun is used for applying fertilizer and water to grape vines, and the fertilization gun is the same as that in embodiment 1.
And (3) obliquely inserting the head of a fertilizing gun into the soil at a position about 70cm away from the trunk of the grape vine during fertilizing, wherein the inclination angle alpha of the fertilizing gun relative to the ground plane is 45 degrees, the insertion depth h is 30cm, and the fertilizer water is driven into the soil. The number of fertilizer injection holes in the soil around each grape vine is 8, and the distance between every two fertilizer injection holes is not more than 60 cm.
The fertilizer water was applied as in example 1, wherein the total amount of fertilizer water applied per grapevine at the flowering stage was about 25 kg.
The total amount of fertilizer and water applied to each grape vine in the fruit setting period is about 25 kg.
The total amount of fertilizer and water applied to each grape vine in the fruit expanding period is about 20 kg.
The total amount of fertilizer and water applied to each grape vine in the color conversion period is about 20 kg.
Example 3
A simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes comprises the steps that a fertilization gun is used for applying fertilizer to grape vines, 6 water spray holes are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the gun head of the fertilization gun, and a depth limiting stop which is inclined by 60 degrees relative to the gun head is arranged on the gun head.
And (3) obliquely inserting the head of a fertilizing gun into the soil at a position about 55cm away from the trunk of the grape vine during fertilizing, wherein the inclination angle of the fertilizing gun relative to the ground plane is 60 degrees, the insertion depth h is 30cm, and the fertilizer water is driven into the soil. The number of fertilizer injection holes in the soil around each grape vine is 6, and the distance between every two fertilizer injection holes is not more than 60 cm.
The fertilizer water was applied as in example 1, wherein the total amount of fertilizer water applied per grapevine at the flowering stage was about 18 kg.
The total amount of fertilizer and water applied to each grape vine in the fruit setting period is about 15 kg.
The total amount of fertilizer and water applied to each grape vine in the fruit expanding period is about 10 kg.
The total amount of fertilizer and water applied to each grape vine in the color conversion period is about 10 kg.
Taking seedless white grapes as an example, the simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method of the Turpan grapes in the embodiment 1 of the invention is verified, and comparative examples 1 and 2 are set. The management of pruning, disease prevention, pest elimination and the like is normally carried out in the process of cultivating the grapes in each group, and the water management is normally carried out in the rest periods except the period from the flowering period to the color changing period.
Comparative example 1
Digging a pit with the depth of about 30cm at a position about 50cm away from the trunk of the grape vine, burying a fertilizer, and covering soil.
The fertilizer used in each period was the same as in example 1, and the amount of fertilizer used per grapevine was equivalent to the amount of fertilizer used in the fertilizer water in example 1.
And (3) irrigating water after fertilization, wherein the water is irrigated by about 20kg in a flowering phase and a fruit setting phase, and the water is irrigated by about 15kg in a fruit expanding phase and a color changing phase.
Comparative example 2
Fertilizing water is applied to the grape vines by using a conventional fertilizing gun sold in the market, 4 water spray holes are uniformly arranged on the side wall of the gun head of the fertilizing gun, and the depth limiting gear is vertical to the gun rod.
And (3) vertically inserting a fertilizing gun into the soil at a position about 50cm away from the trunk of the grape vine during fertilizing, wherein the insertion depth h of the fertilizing gun is 30cm, and injecting fertilizer water into the soil. The number of fertilizer injection holes of the soil around each grape vine is 4, and the fertilizer injection holes are uniformly distributed around the grape vine. The total amount of fertilizer water used and applied to each grapevine at each time was the same as in example 1.
The fertilizer utilization, yield and soluble solids content of the grape fruits for each group are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method of Turpan grapes, which is characterized in that,
fertilizing water to the grape vines by using a fertilizing gun:
when in fertilization, a concentrated distribution area is tied along the peripheral root system of the grape crown, a fertilization gun is obliquely inserted into the soil to a depth of 25-35cm, and the fertilizer water is injected into the soil;
the number of fertilizer injection holes of soil around each grape tree is 6-10;
applying 10-25kg of total fertilizer and water to each grape vine;
the concentration of the fertilizer in the fertilizer water is not more than 4%.
2. The simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for the Turpan grapes according to claim 1,
the distance between the position of the fertilizer injection hole and the trunk of the grape vine is 50-90 cm;
the distance between the two fertilizer injection holes is not more than 60 cm.
3. The simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for the Turpan grapes according to claim 1,
the inclination angle of the fertilizer gun inserted into the soil is 30-60 degrees.
4. The method for cultivating the Turpan grape by using the simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer application gun as claimed in claim 3,
the inclination angle of the fertilizer gun inserted into the soil is 40-50 degrees.
5. The simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for the Turpan grapes according to claim 1,
the fertilizing periods are respectively a flowering period, a fruit setting period, a fruit expanding period and a color changing period, and the total amount of fertilizer and water applied to each grape tree is 10-25kg in each period.
6. The simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for the Turpan grapes according to claim 1,
applying high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer in the flowering phase and the fruit setting phase;
applying a high-phosphorus potassium type water-soluble fertilizer in the fruit expanding period;
and applying a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer in the color conversion period.
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| CN202010434986.9A CN111557157A (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes |
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| CN202010434986.9A CN111557157A (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Simple water and fertilizer integrated fertilization gun cultivation method for Turpan grapes |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114342732A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-15 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for improving fruit quality of protected grapes |
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Application publication date: 20200821 |