CN111548226A - High-efficiency cultivation compound fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus as well as preparation method and fertilizing method thereof - Google Patents
High-efficiency cultivation compound fertilizer for astragalus membranaceus as well as preparation method and fertilizing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an efficient astragalus membranaceus cultivation compound fertilizer and a preparation method and a fertilizing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation. In order to solve the problem that the existing artificial astragalus planting and fertilizing mode is not beneficial to improving the yield and quality of astragalus, the invention provides an efficient astragalus cultivation compound fertilizer which comprises a trace element core layer, a compound microbial inoculum intermediate layer and a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer, wherein the mass ratio of the trace element core layer to the compound microbial inoculum intermediate layer to the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer is 1-2: 3-5: 2-4. The invention releases nutrients in three layers layer by layer corresponding to the seedling stage, the growth stage and the maturation stage of the growth of the astragalus. The quick-acting fertilizer outer layer can improve the growth speed and biomass of the astragalus membranaceus, and the composite microbial inoculum middle layer can increase the number of microorganisms in soil, improve the soil structure and facilitate the root system of the astragalus membranaceus in the growth period to be pricked and expanded. The microelement core layer provides slow release microelement for radix astragali in maturation stage, and further improves radix astragali quality. The invention comprehensively promotes the improvement of the yield and the quality of the astragalus and saves the cultivation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to an efficient astragalus membranaceus cultivation compound fertilizer and a preparation method and a fertilizing method thereof.
Background
The dried roots of the astragalus membranaceus and the astragalus mongholicus can be used as medicines and are one of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials recorded in the pharmacopoeia which is a large group of nourishing classic traditional Chinese medicinal materials. In recent years, the environment of wild resources is seriously damaged, the reserve of astragalus is sharply reduced year by year, and the development of artificial astragalus planting is inevitable for relieving the pressure of the wild astragalus resources, ensuring the continuous utilization of the resources and the supply of astragalus raw materials.
At present, the artificial astragalus planting lacks scientific and reasonable technical support in the aspect of nutrition management, the fertilization proportion, the fertilization amount and the fertilization time node are shown as experience reference, and the strong technical guidance which is unified with the biological characteristics and the ecological habits of astragalus is lacked, so that the improvement of the yield and the quality of the artificially planted astragalus is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the existing artificial astragalus planting and fertilizing mode is not beneficial to improving the yield and the quality of astragalus, the invention provides an efficient astragalus cultivation compound fertilizer, a preparation method and a fertilizing method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an efficient compound fertilizer for culturing astragalus membranaceus comprises a microelement core layer, a compound microbial inoculum intermediate layer and a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer; the mass ratio of the trace element core layer to the composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer to the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer is 1-2: 3-5: 2-4.
A preparation method of an efficient astragalus membranaceus cultivation compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a trace element core layer:
grinding attapulgite to obtain attapulgite powder for later use, dissolving a trace element raw material and citric acid in water, mixing and stirring to obtain a mixed solution, adding the attapulgite powder into the mixed solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a trace element feed liquid, drying the trace element feed liquid to reduce the water content of the trace element feed liquid to 20-30%, and granulating the obtained trace element feed liquid to obtain trace element core layer particles;
step two, preparing the compound microbial inoculum:
drying, pulverizing and alkali treating the residue of the Chinese medicinal materials after extracting effective components to obtain crude fiber of the residue, washing the crude fiber with water to neutrality, collecting crude fiber, oven drying, and grinding to obtain crude fiber powder;
respectively fermenting and culturing bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and trichoderma viride, adding coarse fiber powder into each strain fermentation liquor, uniformly stirring to obtain each strain microbial inoculum, mixing and fully and uniformly stirring the obtained strain microbial inocula in equal proportion to obtain a composite microbial inoculum, naturally drying the obtained composite microbial inoculum, and crushing the dried composite microbial inoculum to pass through a 50-mesh sieve for later use;
step three, coating the intermediate layer of the composite microbial inoculum:
putting the trace element core layer particles prepared in the step one into a granulator, adding the composite microbial inoculum powder prepared in the step two when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles, adding water in a spray form to adhere the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles to form a composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer, and drying the double-layer material particles uniformly coated with the composite microbial inoculum by cold air for later use;
coating a nitrogen phosphorus potassium quick-acting fertilizer outer layer:
preparing urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate, preparing the urea into a solution, heating the solution to a certain temperature, mixing and crushing the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the potassium sulfate, zeolite powder and bentonite to obtain quick-acting fertilizer powder, adding the double-layer material particles coated with the composite microbial inoculum and the quick-acting fertilizer powder prepared in the step three into a granulator, uniformly scattering the quick-acting fertilizer powder on the surfaces of the double-layer material particles, spraying the urea solution to enable the quick-acting fertilizer powder to be adhered to the surfaces of the double-layer material particles to form a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer, and drying the three-layer material particles uniformly coated with the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer with cold air to obtain the granular astragalus membranaceus high-efficiency cultivation compound fertilizer with the.
Further, the particle size of the attapulgite powder in the first step is 120 meshes; the trace element feed liquid contains the following trace elements in mass concentration: boric acid 6.2mg/L, manganese sulfate 22.3mg/L, zinc sulfate 8.6mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.25mg/L, copper sulfate 0.025mg/L and cobalt chloride 0.025 mg/L; the mass ratio of the trace element raw material to the citric acid to the attapulgite powder is 1-3: 20-25.
Further, the step two of crushing the Chinese medicine residues is to dry the Chinese medicine residues and then crush the dried Chinese medicine residues to 80 meshes, and the alkali treatment comprises the following specific steps: adding the crushed Chinese medicine residues into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1.0-2.0% according to the weight ratio of 1:10, uniformly mixing, and then treating at 121 ℃ for 20min, wherein the particle size of the coarse fiber powder is 50-80 meshes.
Further, the fermentation conditions of the bacillus subtilis and the lactobacillus in the second step are as follows: respectively inoculating 2-3% of activated bacillus subtilis and 1-2% of activated lactobacillus into a sterile LB liquid culture medium; fermenting at 25-30 ℃ for 24h at 150 rpm;
the fermentation conditions of the trichoderma viride are as follows: inoculating 2-3% of the activated trichoderma viride into a sterile YEPD liquid culture medium; culturing at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 2-3 days.
Further, the volume mass ratio of each strain fermentation liquid to the crude fiber powder in the step two is 1mL to 5-10 g, and the total number of effective viable bacteria of strains in the mixed microbial inoculum is 1-2 × 109Per gram.
Further, the mass ratio of the trace element core layer particles to the composite microbial inoculum powder in the third step is 1-2: 3-5; the temperature for drying by cold air is not higher than 80 ℃.
Further, N, P contained in the urea, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the potassium sulfate in the step four2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 5:7: 10; the mass concentration of the urea solution is 65-75%, and the temperature of the urea solution is 80 ℃; the addition amount of the zeolite powder and the bentonite is 10 percent of the mass of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the potassium sulfate.
Further, the mass ratio of the double-layer material particles to the quick-acting fertilizer powder in the fourth step is 3-5: 2-4, and the temperature for drying by cold air is not higher than 80 ℃.
A fertilizing method for an efficient astragalus cultivation compound fertilizer is characterized in that the fertilizer is applied 12-16 days after astragalus seedlings break, fertilizing furrows are formed at positions 8-10 cm away from two sides of the seedlings, and fertilizing is carried out according to the proportion of 60-90 g/m3And (5) applying fertilizer in a ditch according to the fertilizing amount, finally burying the fertilizer and covering the fertilizing ditch flatly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the efficient astragalus cultivation compound fertilizer provided by the invention has a three-layer structure, and the three layers of nutrients are released layer by layer to correspond to the seedling stage, the growth stage and the maturation stage of astragalus growth. The quick-acting fertilizer outer layer can be quickly released into soil at the initial stage of fertilization, provides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients required by the growth of the astragalus membranaceus at the seedling stage, and improves the growth speed and biomass of the astragalus membranaceus. The composite microbial inoculum middle layer is made of composite microbial inoculum and crude fiber from the traditional Chinese medicine residues, when the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer is released to soil, the composite microbial inoculum starts to be released to the soil, the composite microbial inoculum can synthesize a large amount of cellulase, and the cellulose is degraded into polysaccharide required by the growth of microorganisms through enzymolysis of the crude fiber from the traditional Chinese medicine residues, so that the microorganisms can be propagated in a large amount. A large amount of microorganisms in the soil can improve the soil structure and loosen the soil, and root systems of the astragalus membranaceus in the growing period can be pricked and expanded. Meanwhile, when the quick-acting fertilizer is used up, the microbial thallus can also provide nutrient substances such as a required organic nitrogen source and the like for the astragalus membranaceus in a growth period, and metabolites secreted by the microbes can also improve the disease resistance of the astragalus membranaceus and reduce the using amount of pesticides. The microelement core layer provides slow-release microelements for the stage of radix astragali maturation stage enrichment nutrition, so that radix astragali can be naturally absorbed in the growth process, and enrichment and transformation can improve microelement content in radix astragali, thereby further improving nutritive value and medicinal value of radix astragali.
The composite microbial inoculum is used as the middle layer, so that the inhibition effect of high-concentration nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and trace elements on the microbial inoculum can be avoided, and the activity and the excellent quality of the microbial inoculum are ensured. The microelement core layer is used as the last released element, so that the inhibition effect of high-concentration microelements on astragalus roots and leaves in the initial growth stage can be avoided, the influence on the types and the quantity of microorganisms in soil can be avoided, when the astragalus roots reach a certain biomass, the microorganisms in the soil are released when developing into dominant bacteria, and the absorption and the enrichment of the microelements can be better promoted.
The high-efficiency astragalus cultivation compound fertilizer provided by the invention not only provides rich quick-acting fertilizer and slow-acting organic biological fertilizer for improving the yield of astragalus, but also focuses on improving the drug effect of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and comprehensively promotes the improvement of the yield and quality of astragalus. The astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer provided by the invention has the double functions of providing a quick-acting fertilizer and a slow-acting fertilizer, so that multiple fertilization is not needed in the astragalus membranaceus planting process, and the labor cost and the material cost of astragalus membranaceus cultivation are saved. And the microbial agent in the compound fertilizer can improve the soil structure and quality, is beneficial to the healthy development of a soil ecosystem, and has long-term economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an efficient astragalus membranaceus cultivation compound fertilizer which comprises a trace element core layer, a compound microbial inoculum intermediate layer and a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer; the mass ratio of the trace element core layer to the composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer to the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer is 1:3: 2.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment 1, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, preparing a trace element core layer:
grinding attapulgite, sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain attapulgite powder for later use, dissolving boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and citric acid in water, mixing and stirring to obtain a mixed solution, adding the attapulgite powder into the mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a trace element feed liquid, wherein the trace element feed liquid contains 6.2mg/L of boric acid, 22.3mg/L of manganese sulfate, 8.6mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.025mg/L of cobalt chloride; the mass ratio of each trace element raw material to citric acid to attapulgite powder is 1:1:20, the trace element feed liquid is dried to reduce the water content to 20-30%, and the obtained trace element material is granulated to obtain trace element core layer particles, wherein the particle size of the trace element core layer particles is 0.5-1 mm;
step two, preparing the compound microbial inoculum:
drying and crushing the residual traditional Chinese medicine residues after extracting effective components in a pharmaceutical factory, sieving the dried and crushed traditional Chinese medicine residues with a 80-mesh sieve, adding the crushed traditional Chinese medicine residues into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1.0% according to the weight ratio of 1:10, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture at the temperature of 121 ℃ for high-temperature high-pressure treatment for 20min to obtain crude fibers of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, washing the obtained crude fibers to be neutral, collecting the crude fibers, drying and grinding the crude fibers to obtain crude fiber powder with the particle size of 50-80 meshes for later use;
respectively inoculating activated bacillus subtilis-CICC 6060 with the inoculation amount of 2% and lactobacillus-CICC 21007 with the inoculation amount of 1% into a sterile LB liquid culture medium; fermenting at 27 ℃ and 150rpm for 24 h;
inoculating activated trichoderma viride-CGMCC 33744 into a sterile YEPD liquid culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 2%; culturing at 30 deg.C and 200rpm for 3 days;
adding coarse fiber powder into the obtained strain fermentation liquor according to the volume-to-mass ratio of 1mL to 5g, uniformly stirring to obtain each strain microbial inoculum, mixing the obtained strain microbial inocula in equal proportion, fully stirring to obtain a composite microbial inoculum, naturally drying the obtained composite microbial inoculum, crushing, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve for later use, wherein the total number of effective viable bacteria of the strains in the mixed microbial inoculum is 1-2 × 109Per gram;
step three, coating the intermediate layer of the composite microbial inoculum:
putting the trace element core layer particles prepared in the step one into a granulator, adding the composite microbial inoculum powder prepared in the step two when the granulator rotates, wherein the mass ratio of the trace element core layer particles to the composite microbial inoculum powder is 1:3, uniformly scattering the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles, adding water in a spray manner to adhere the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles to form a composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer, drying the double-layer material particles uniformly coated with the composite microbial inoculum by cold air for later use, wherein the temperature of the cold air drying is not higher than 80 ℃, and the particle size of the obtained double-layer material particles is 2.5-3 mm;
coating a nitrogen phosphorus potassium quick-acting fertilizer outer layer:
preparing urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate, N, P contained in urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate2O5And K2Preparing urea into a 65 mass percent solution, heating the solution to 80 ℃, mixing the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the potassium sulfate, the zeolite powder and the bentonite, wherein the addition amount of the zeolite powder and the bentonite is 10 percent of the mass of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the potassium sulfate, crushing the mixture, sieving the crushed mixture with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain quick-acting fertilizer powder, adding the double-layer material particles coated with the composite microbial inoculum prepared in the step three and the quick-acting fertilizer powder into a granulator, wherein the mass ratio of the double-layer material particles to the quick-acting fertilizer powder is 3:2, and uniformly mixing the quick-acting fertilizer powderAnd spraying the mixture on the surface of the double-layer material particles, adding a urea solution in a spraying manner to enable quick-acting fertilizer powder to be adhered to the surface of the double-layer material particles to form a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer, drying the three-layer material particles uniformly coated with the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer by cold air, wherein the temperature of the cold air drying is not higher than 80 ℃, and obtaining the granular astragalus membranaceus high-efficiency cultivation compound fertilizer with the three-layer structure, wherein the grain diameter of the obtained compound fertilizer is 4-5 mm.
P in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer used by the invention2O5Content of (A) is 14%, K in potassium sulfate2The O content was 50%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an efficient astragalus membranaceus cultivation compound fertilizer which comprises a trace element core layer, a compound microbial inoculum intermediate layer and a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer; the mass ratio of the trace element core layer to the composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer to the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer is 2:5: 4.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment 3, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, preparing a trace element core layer:
grinding attapulgite, sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain attapulgite powder for later use, dissolving boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and citric acid in water, mixing and stirring to obtain a mixed solution, adding the attapulgite powder into the mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a trace element feed liquid, wherein the trace element feed liquid contains 6.2mg/L of boric acid, 22.3mg/L of manganese sulfate, 8.6mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.025mg/L of cobalt chloride; the mass ratio of each trace element raw material to citric acid to attapulgite powder is 1:2:22, the trace element feed liquid is dried to reduce the water content to 20-30%, and the obtained trace element material is granulated to obtain trace element core layer particles, wherein the particle size of the trace element core layer particles is 0.5-1 mm;
step two, preparing the compound microbial inoculum:
drying and crushing the residual traditional Chinese medicine residues after extracting effective components in a pharmaceutical factory, sieving the dried and crushed traditional Chinese medicine residues with a 80-mesh sieve, adding the crushed traditional Chinese medicine residues into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1.5% according to the weight ratio of 1:10, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture at the temperature of 121 ℃ for high-temperature high-pressure treatment for 20min to obtain crude fibers of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, washing the obtained crude fibers to be neutral, collecting the crude fibers, drying and grinding the crude fibers to obtain crude fiber powder with the particle size of 50-80 meshes for later use;
respectively inoculating activated bacillus subtilis with the inoculation amount of 3% and lactobacillus with the inoculation amount of 2% into a sterile LB liquid culture medium; fermenting at 28 deg.C and 150rpm for 24 h;
inoculating the activated trichoderma viride into a sterile YEPD liquid culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 3%; culturing at 30 deg.C and 200rpm for 2 days;
adding coarse fiber powder into the obtained strain fermentation liquor according to the volume-to-mass ratio of 1mL to 8g, uniformly stirring to obtain each strain microbial inoculum, mixing the obtained strain microbial inocula in equal proportion, fully stirring to obtain a composite microbial inoculum, naturally drying the obtained composite microbial inoculum, crushing, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve for later use, wherein the total number of effective viable bacteria of the strains in the mixed microbial inoculum is 1-2 × 109Per gram;
step three, coating the intermediate layer of the composite microbial inoculum:
putting the trace element core layer particles prepared in the step one into a granulator, adding the composite microbial inoculum powder prepared in the step two when the granulator rotates, wherein the mass ratio of the trace element core layer particles to the composite microbial inoculum powder is 2:5, uniformly scattering the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles, adding water in a spray manner to adhere the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles to form a composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer, drying the double-layer material particles uniformly coated with the composite microbial inoculum by cold air for later use, wherein the temperature of the cold air drying is not higher than 80 ℃, and the particle size of the obtained double-layer material particles is 2.5-3 mm;
coating a nitrogen phosphorus potassium quick-acting fertilizer outer layer:
preparing urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate, N, P contained in urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate2O5And K2Preparing urea into a solution with the mass concentration of 70 percent, heating the solution to 80 ℃, mixing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, zeolite powder and bentonite, wherein the adding amount of the zeolite powder and the bentonite is 10 percent of the mass of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the potassium sulfate, crushing the mixture and sieving the crushed mixture with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the fertilizerAnd (2) adding the double-layer material granules coated with the compound microbial inoculum and the quick-acting fertilizer powder prepared in the third step into a granulator, wherein the mass ratio of the double-layer material granules to the quick-acting fertilizer powder is 5:4, uniformly scattering the quick-acting fertilizer powder on the surfaces of the double-layer material granules, spraying urea solution to enable the quick-acting fertilizer powder to be adhered on the surfaces of the double-layer material granules to form a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer, drying the three layers of material granules uniformly coated with the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer with cold air, wherein the drying temperature of the cold air is not higher than 80 ℃, and obtaining the granular astragalus membranaceus high-efficiency compound fertilizer with the three-layer structure, wherein the grain size of the.
Example 5
The embodiment provides an efficient astragalus membranaceus cultivation compound fertilizer which comprises a trace element core layer, a compound microbial inoculum intermediate layer and a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer; the mass ratio of the trace element core layer to the composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer to the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer is 1:5: 3.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment 5, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, preparing a trace element core layer:
grinding attapulgite, sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain attapulgite powder for later use, dissolving boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and citric acid in water, mixing and stirring to obtain a mixed solution, adding the attapulgite powder into the mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a trace element feed liquid, wherein the trace element feed liquid contains 6.2mg/L of boric acid, 22.3mg/L of manganese sulfate, 8.6mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.025mg/L of cobalt chloride; the mass ratio of each trace element raw material to citric acid to attapulgite powder is 2:1:24, the trace element feed liquid is dried to reduce the water content to 20-30%, and the obtained trace element material is granulated to obtain trace element core layer particles, wherein the particle size of the trace element core layer particles is 0.5-1 mm;
step two, preparing the compound microbial inoculum:
drying and crushing the residual traditional Chinese medicine residues after extracting effective components in a pharmaceutical factory, sieving the dried and crushed traditional Chinese medicine residues with a 80-mesh sieve, adding the crushed traditional Chinese medicine residues into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 2.0% according to the weight ratio of 1:10, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture at the temperature of 121 ℃ for high-temperature high-pressure treatment for 20min to obtain crude fibers of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, washing the obtained crude fibers to be neutral, collecting the crude fibers, drying and grinding the crude fibers to obtain crude fiber powder with the particle size of 50-80 meshes for later use;
respectively inoculating activated bacillus subtilis with the inoculation amount of 3% and lactobacillus with the inoculation amount of 1% into a sterile LB liquid culture medium; fermenting at 28 deg.C and 150rpm for 24 h;
inoculating the activated trichoderma viride into a sterile YEPD liquid culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 2%; culturing at 30 deg.C and 200rpm for 3 days;
adding coarse fiber powder into the obtained strain fermentation liquor according to the volume-to-mass ratio of 1mL to 10g, uniformly stirring to obtain each strain microbial inoculum, mixing the obtained strain microbial inocula in equal proportion, fully stirring to obtain a composite microbial inoculum, naturally drying the obtained composite microbial inoculum, crushing, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve for later use, wherein the total number of effective viable bacteria of the strains in the mixed microbial inoculum is 1-2 × 109Per gram;
step three, coating the intermediate layer of the composite microbial inoculum:
putting the trace element core layer particles prepared in the step one into a granulator, adding the composite microbial inoculum powder prepared in the step two when the granulator rotates, wherein the mass ratio of the trace element core layer particles to the composite microbial inoculum powder is 1:5, uniformly scattering the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles, adding water in a spray manner to adhere the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles to form a composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer, drying the double-layer material particles uniformly coated with the composite microbial inoculum by cold air for later use, wherein the temperature of the cold air drying is not higher than 80 ℃, and the particle size of the obtained double-layer material particles is 2.5-3 mm;
coating a nitrogen phosphorus potassium quick-acting fertilizer outer layer:
preparing urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate, N, P contained in urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 5:7:10, urea is prepared into 75% solution and heated to 80 ℃, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, zeolite powder and bentonite are mixed, the addition amount of the zeolite powder and the bentonite is 10% of the mass of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the potassium sulfate,and (2) crushing and sieving the crushed materials with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain quick-acting fertilizer powder, adding the double-layer material particles coated with the composite microbial inoculum and the quick-acting fertilizer powder prepared in the third step into a granulator, wherein the mass ratio of the double-layer material particles to the quick-acting fertilizer powder is 5:3, uniformly scattering the quick-acting fertilizer powder on the surfaces of the double-layer material particles, spraying urea solution to enable the quick-acting fertilizer powder to be adhered on the surfaces of the double-layer material particles to form a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer, drying the three layers of material particles uniformly coated with the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer with cold air, wherein the temperature of the cold air drying is not higher than 80 ℃, and obtaining the granular astragalus membranaceus high-efficiency cultivation compound fertilizer.
Example 7
The embodiment provides an efficient astragalus membranaceus cultivation compound fertilizer which comprises a trace element core layer, a compound microbial inoculum intermediate layer and a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer; the mass ratio of the trace element core layer to the composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer to the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer is 2:3: 4.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a preparation method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment 7, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, preparing a trace element core layer:
grinding attapulgite, sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain attapulgite powder for later use, dissolving boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate, copper sulfate, cobalt chloride and citric acid in water, mixing and stirring to obtain a mixed solution, adding the attapulgite powder into the mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a trace element feed liquid, wherein the trace element feed liquid contains 6.2mg/L of boric acid, 22.3mg/L of manganese sulfate, 8.6mg/L of zinc sulfate, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate and 0.025mg/L of cobalt chloride; the mass ratio of each trace element raw material to citric acid to attapulgite powder is 3:1:25, the trace element feed liquid is dried to reduce the water content to 20-30%, and the obtained trace element material is granulated to obtain trace element core layer particles, wherein the particle size of the trace element core layer particles is 0.5-1 mm;
step two, preparing the compound microbial inoculum:
drying and crushing the residual traditional Chinese medicine residues after extracting effective components in a pharmaceutical factory, sieving the dried and crushed traditional Chinese medicine residues with a 80-mesh sieve, adding the crushed traditional Chinese medicine residues into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1.0% according to the weight ratio of 1:10, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture at the temperature of 121 ℃ for high-temperature high-pressure treatment for 20min to obtain crude fibers of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, washing the obtained crude fibers to be neutral, collecting the crude fibers, drying and grinding the crude fibers to obtain crude fiber powder with the particle size of 50-80 meshes for later use;
respectively inoculating activated bacillus subtilis with the inoculation amount of 2% and lactobacillus with the inoculation amount of 1% into a sterile LB liquid culture medium; fermenting at 30 ℃ and 150rpm for 24 h;
inoculating activated Candida utilis into an aseptic YEPD liquid culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount is 3 percent, and the inoculation amount is 2 percent; culturing at 30 deg.C and 200rpm for 3 days;
adding coarse fiber powder into the obtained strain fermentation liquor according to the volume-to-mass ratio of 1mL to 7g, uniformly stirring to obtain each strain microbial inoculum, mixing the obtained strain microbial inocula in equal proportion, fully stirring to obtain a composite microbial inoculum, naturally drying the obtained composite microbial inoculum, crushing, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve for later use, wherein the total number of effective viable bacteria of the strains in the mixed microbial inoculum is 1-2 × 109Per gram;
step three, coating the intermediate layer of the composite microbial inoculum:
putting the trace element core layer particles prepared in the step one into a granulator, adding the composite microbial inoculum powder prepared in the step two when the granulator rotates, wherein the mass ratio of the trace element core layer particles to the composite microbial inoculum powder is 2:3, uniformly scattering the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles, adding water in a spray manner to adhere the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles to form a composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer, drying the double-layer material particles uniformly coated with the composite microbial inoculum by cold air for later use, wherein the temperature of the cold air drying is not higher than 80 ℃, and the particle size of the obtained double-layer material particles is 2.5-3 mm;
coating a nitrogen phosphorus potassium quick-acting fertilizer outer layer:
preparing urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate, N, P contained in urea, calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium sulfate2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 5:7:10, urea is prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 70 percent and heated to 80 ℃, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, zeolite powder and bentonite are mixed, and the zeolite powderAnd adding bentonite in an amount which is 10% of the mass of the calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer and the potassium sulfate, crushing and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain quick-acting fertilizer powder, adding the double-layer material particles coated with the composite microbial inoculum and the quick-acting fertilizer powder prepared in the third step into a granulator, wherein the mass ratio of the double-layer material particles to the quick-acting fertilizer powder is 3:4, uniformly scattering the quick-acting fertilizer powder on the surfaces of the double-layer material particles, spraying urea solution to enable the quick-acting fertilizer powder to be adhered to the surfaces of the double-layer material particles to form a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer, drying the three-layer material particles uniformly coated with the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer with cold air at the temperature of not higher than 80 ℃ to obtain the granular astragalus membranaceus high-efficiency cultivation compound fertilizer with the three.
Example 9
The embodiment provides a fertilizing method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 in the astragalus membranaceus cultivation process.
Radix astragali cultivated land: an exemplary plantation of Chinese medicinal materials in Fuzhen province in the Qizihaerbiequan county of Heilongjiang province.
Astragalus root: radix astragali Mongolici.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: fertilizing 15 days after the astragalus seedlings break the soil, wherein specific fertilizing positions are fertilizing furrows which are arranged 8-10 cm away from the two sides of the seedlings and are arranged at a ratio of 80g/m3And (4) applying fertilizer in a ditch, finally burying the compound fertilizer and covering the fertilizer applying ditch flatly.
And (4) no additional fertilizer is applied during the cultivation of the astragalus, cultivation is carried out according to a conventional cultivation mode, and harvesting is carried out before frost.
During the period of cultivating astragalus membranaceus in the embodiment, a zero fertilization blank control test area and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium conventional fertilization control area are arranged in planting soil under the same conditions. The apparent growth and medicinal components of the astragalus membranaceus cultivated by the compound fertilizer, the zero fertilizer and the conventional quick-acting fertilizer are detected, and the results are shown in table 1.
The conventional fertilizing method for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the embodiment comprises the following steps: applying the quick-acting fertilizer powder prepared in the example 2 to the astragalus seedlings 15 days after the astragalus seedlings break the soil, wherein the specific application position is that fertilizing furrows are formed at positions 8-10 cm away from the two sides of the seedlings, and the fertilizing furrows are arranged according to a proportion of 80g/m3And (4) applying fertilizer in a ditch, finally burying the compound fertilizer and covering the fertilizer applying ditch flatly.
TABLE 1
Example 10
The difference between this example and example 9 is that astragalus membranaceus was planted in this example.
The apparent growth and medicinal components of the astragalus membranaceus cultivated by the compound fertilizer, the zero fertilizer and the conventional quick-acting fertilizer are detected, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Example 11
The embodiment provides a fertilizing method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 2 in the astragalus membranaceus cultivation process.
Radix astragali cultivated land: a north despise Chinese medicinal plant cultivation base is disclosed in Xingnangjiang province, Daxing' an Ling Huma county.
Astragalus root: radix astragali Mongolici.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: fertilizing 15 days after the astragalus seedlings break the soil, wherein specific fertilizing positions are fertilizing furrows which are 8-10 cm away from the two sides of the seedlings and are distributed according to the proportion of 90g/m3And (4) applying fertilizer in a ditch, finally burying the compound fertilizer and covering the fertilizer applying ditch flatly.
And (4) no additional fertilizer is applied during the cultivation of the astragalus, and cultivation is carried out according to a conventional cultivation mode.
During the period of cultivating astragalus membranaceus in the embodiment, a zero fertilization blank control test area and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium conventional fertilization control area are arranged in planting soil under the same conditions. The apparent growth and medicinal components of astragalus membranaceus cultivated by the compound fertilizer, the zero fertilizer and the conventional quick-acting fertilizer are detected, and the results are shown in table 3.
The conventional fertilizing method for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the embodiment comprises the following steps: applying the quick-acting fertilizer powder prepared in the example 2 to the astragalus seedlings 15 days after the astragalus seedlings break the soil, wherein the specific application position is that fertilizing furrows are formed at positions 8-10 cm away from the two sides of the seedlings and 90g/m is adopted3Applying fertilizer in furrow, and spreadingAnd (5) burying the mixed fertilizer and covering the fertilizing ditch flatly.
TABLE 3
Example 12
This example differs from example 11 in that Astragalus membranaceus was grown.
The apparent growth and medicinal components of astragalus membranaceus cultivated by the compound fertilizer, the zero fertilizer and the conventional quick-acting fertilizer are detected, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from the comparison of tables 1 to 4, compared with the zero-fertilization and conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium quick-acting fertilizer, the astragalus membranaceus high-efficiency cultivation compound fertilizer provided by the application can obviously improve the biomass of astragalus membranaceus growing for 1 year, including plant height, ground diameter, root length and thicker upper end. The quick-acting fertilizer outer layer can be quickly released into soil at the initial stage of fertilization, provides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients required by the growth of the astragalus membranaceus at the seedling stage, and improves the growth speed and biomass of the astragalus membranaceus; meanwhile, the microorganisms in the composite microbial inoculum can be propagated in a large quantity. A large amount of microorganisms in the soil can improve the soil structure and loosen the soil, which is beneficial to the root system of the astragalus membranaceus in the growth period to tie down and expand, and the effect superior to that of the conventional quick-acting fertilizer is realized.
Meanwhile, the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer provided by the application can also remarkably improve the medicinal value of astragalus membranaceus and further improve the commercial value of astragalus membranaceus.
Claims (10)
1. An efficient compound fertilizer for cultivating astragalus membranaceus is characterized by comprising a trace element core layer, a compound microbial inoculum intermediate layer and a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer; the mass ratio of the trace element core layer to the composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer to the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer is 1-2: 3-5: 2-4.
2. The preparation method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, preparing a trace element core layer:
grinding attapulgite to obtain attapulgite powder for later use, dissolving a trace element raw material and citric acid in water, mixing and stirring to obtain a mixed solution, adding the attapulgite powder into the mixed solution, uniformly stirring to obtain a trace element feed liquid, drying the trace element feed liquid to reduce the water content of the trace element feed liquid to 20-30%, and granulating the obtained trace element feed liquid to obtain trace element core layer particles;
step two, preparing the compound microbial inoculum:
drying, pulverizing and alkali treating the residue of the Chinese medicinal materials after extracting effective components to obtain crude fiber of the residue, washing the crude fiber with water to neutrality, collecting crude fiber, oven drying, and grinding to obtain crude fiber powder;
respectively fermenting and culturing bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and trichoderma viride, adding coarse fiber powder into each strain fermentation liquor, uniformly stirring to obtain each strain microbial inoculum, mixing and fully and uniformly stirring the obtained strain microbial inocula in equal proportion to obtain a composite microbial inoculum, naturally drying the obtained composite microbial inoculum, and crushing the dried composite microbial inoculum to pass through a 50-mesh sieve for later use;
step three, coating the intermediate layer of the composite microbial inoculum:
putting the trace element core layer particles prepared in the step one into a granulator, adding the composite microbial inoculum powder prepared in the step two when the granulator rotates, uniformly scattering the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles, adding water in a spray form to adhere the composite microbial inoculum powder on the surfaces of the trace element core layer particles to form a composite microbial inoculum intermediate layer, and drying the double-layer material particles uniformly coated with the composite microbial inoculum by cold air for later use;
coating a nitrogen phosphorus potassium quick-acting fertilizer outer layer:
preparing urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium sulfate, preparing the urea into a solution, heating the solution to a certain temperature, mixing and crushing the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the potassium sulfate, zeolite powder and bentonite to obtain quick-acting fertilizer powder, adding the double-layer material particles coated with the composite microbial inoculum and the quick-acting fertilizer powder prepared in the step three into a granulator, uniformly scattering the quick-acting fertilizer powder on the surfaces of the double-layer material particles, spraying the urea solution to enable the quick-acting fertilizer powder to be adhered to the surfaces of the double-layer material particles to form a quick-acting fertilizer outer layer, and drying the three-layer material particles uniformly coated with the quick-acting fertilizer outer layer with cold air to obtain the granular astragalus membranaceus high-efficiency cultivation compound fertilizer with the.
3. The preparation method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the first step, the particle size of the attapulgite powder is 120 meshes; the trace element feed liquid contains the following trace elements in mass concentration: boric acid 6.2mg/L, manganese sulfate 22.3mg/L, zinc sulfate 8.6mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.25mg/L, copper sulfate 0.025mg/L and cobalt chloride 0.025 mg/L; the mass ratio of the trace element raw material to the citric acid to the attapulgite powder is 1-3: 20-25.
4. The preparation method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the step two of crushing the traditional Chinese medicine residues is to dry the traditional Chinese medicine residues and then crush the traditional Chinese medicine residues to 80 meshes, and the alkali treatment comprises the following specific steps of: adding the crushed Chinese medicine residues into a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1.0-2.0% according to the weight ratio of 1:10, uniformly mixing, and then treating at 121 ℃ for 20min, wherein the particle size of the coarse fiber powder is 50-80 meshes.
5. The preparation method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fermentation conditions of the bacillus subtilis and the lactobacillus in the second step are as follows: respectively inoculating 2-3% of activated bacillus subtilis and 1-2% of activated lactobacillus into a sterile LB liquid culture medium; fermenting at 25-30 ℃ for 24h at 150 rpm;
the fermentation conditions of the trichoderma viride are as follows: inoculating 2-3% of the activated trichoderma viride into a sterile YEPD liquid culture medium; culturing at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 2-3 days.
6. The method for preparing the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein fermentation liquor and crude fiber of each strain in the second stepThe volume mass ratio of the vitamin powder is 1mL to 5-10 g, and the total number of effective live bacteria of the strains in the mixed microbial inoculum is 1-2 × 109Per gram.
7. The preparation method of the efficient astragalus membranaceus cultivation compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the trace element core layer particles to the compound microbial inoculum powder in the third step is 1-2: 3-5; the temperature for drying by cold air is not higher than 80 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the high-efficiency compound fertilizer for cultivating astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 7, wherein N, P contained in the urea, the calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer and the potassium sulfate in the step four2O5And K2The mass ratio of O is 5:7: 10; the mass concentration of the urea solution is 65-75%, and the temperature of the urea solution is 80 ℃; the addition amount of the zeolite powder and the bentonite is 10 percent of the mass of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the potassium sulfate.
9. The preparation method of the astragalus membranaceus efficient cultivation compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the double-layer material particles to the quick-acting fertilizer powder in the fourth step is 3-5: 2-4, and the temperature for drying with cold air is not higher than 80 ℃.
10. A fertilizing method for the high-efficiency astragalus membranaceus cultivation compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein fertilizing is carried out 12-16 days after astragalus membranaceus seedling breaks ground, fertilizing furrows are formed at positions 8-10 cm away from two sides of the seedling, and fertilizing is carried out according to the proportion of 60-90 g/m3And (5) applying fertilizer in a ditch according to the fertilizing amount, finally burying the fertilizer and covering the fertilizing ditch flatly.
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