CN111543245B - Fertilizing method for citrus reiliana in dry and hot river valley areas of Jinshajiang river - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for citrus reiliana in dry and hot river valley areas of Jinshajiang river Download PDFInfo
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- CN111543245B CN111543245B CN202010570699.0A CN202010570699A CN111543245B CN 111543245 B CN111543245 B CN 111543245B CN 202010570699 A CN202010570699 A CN 202010570699A CN 111543245 B CN111543245 B CN 111543245B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention provides a fertilizing method for citrus reiculata in dry and hot river valley areas of Jinshajiang river, which comprises the steps of applying a fruit fertilizer, a fruit strengthening fertilizer and a fruit expanding fertilizer in sequence of growth cycle of citrus reiculata, and is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of applying farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer in 5 months, carrying out drip irrigation on clean water for 3-5 times, applying a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer twice in 6 months respectively, applying a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer four times in 9-10 months respectively, applying the farmyard manure in 11 months, and carrying out drip irrigation on the clean water for 3-5 times. The invention conforms to the fertilizer requirement rule of the Or in the dry and hot valley areas of the Jinshajiang river, adopts the water and fertilizer integration technology to realize water and fertilizer coupling, increases the application of micro-fertilizer, reduces the use amount of the fertilizer, and improves the yield and quality of the Or.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for citrus reiculata Blanco, in particular to a fertilizing method for citrus reiculata Blanco in dry and hot valley areas of Jinshajiang river.
Background
The hybrid citrus varieties of the Or genus late-maturing citrus have the fruit picking period of 3-4 months, have the characteristics of vigorous tree vigor, early fruiting and high yield, relatively easy cultivation and management and the like, and are popular with fruit growers. The Or fruit has beautiful appearance, tender pulp, high sugar content, low acid content, rich vitamin C and other advantages. The Wo oranges are suitable for being planted in an area with the annual average temperature of more than 17.5 ℃, and the lowest temperature in winter is required to be not lower than-1 ℃. The dry and hot valley region of the Yunnan Jinshajiang river belongs to a subtropical monsoon climate region, the annual average temperature is 16.5-22.8 ℃, the annual rainfall is 300-550mm, the climate is warm, the heat is rich, the rainwater is less, the dryness and the humidity are clear, the seasonal change is not obvious, the sunshine is sufficient, the planting region is a planting region which is very suitable for citrus aurantium, and the planting area of the Yunnan is more than 30 ten thousand mu. The conventional fertilizer application method of the conventional Wo citrus comprises the following steps: applying 2000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in winter, applying 100 kg of ordinary calcium and 150 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per mu in 3-4 months after beginning spring, and irrigating with big water; the macroelement simple substance fertilizer is used in 5-6 months in summer, 100 kg of ordinary calcium is applied to each mu, 150 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 100 kg of macroelement simple substance fertilizer is used in 8-9 months in autumn, 150 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied to each mu, and the annual fertilization is up to more than 12 times. The fertilizing method has the advantages that firstly, the fertilizing amount is large, but the fertilizer utilization rate is low; and secondly, trace element fertilizer is lacked, and the quality of the Or fruit is poor. The method has the advantages of reducing the using amount of chemical fertilizers, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizers and improving the quality of fruits, and has important significance for developing the citrus reishi industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cost-saving and efficiency-increasing fertilizing method for woolly oranges, and the yield, the quality and the benefit of the woolly oranges are improved. The invention is realized by the following steps: the method comprises the steps of applying a fruit fertilizer, a fruit strengthening fertilizer and a fruit expanding fertilizer in sequence according to the growth cycle of the Or, and is characterized in that:
1. applying fruit setting fertilizer in the last ten days of 5 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2500 kilograms per mu of farmyard manure 2000 and 80-120 kilograms per mu of compound fertilizer, the fertilizing method is that the farmyard manure and the compound fertilizer are applied annularly around the citrus reiliana crown by ditching, covering soil, and then carrying out drip irrigation on clean water for 3-5 times, once every 5-6 days, and the amount of each drip irrigation is 1000 kilograms per mu;
2. applying strong fruit fertilizer for the first time in the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-nitrogen water soluble fertilizer (30-10-10+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800-;
3. applying strong fruit fertilizer for the second time in late 6 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-nitrogen water soluble fertilizer (30-10-10+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800-;
4. applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the first time in the last ten days of 9 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800 plus materials by 1000 kg/mu;
5. applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the second time in the last ten days of 9 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800 plus materials by 1000 kg/mu;
6. applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the third time in the last ten days of 10 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800 plus materials by 1000 kg/mu;
7. applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the fourth time in the last ten days of 10 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800-;
8. applying winter fertilizers in late 11 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2500 kg/mu of farmyard manure 2000-.
Compared with the traditional method, the method has the following remarkable effects:
1. the citrus reishi 3-4 months is the same period of flowers and fruits, and the organic fertilizer applied in 5 months and 11 months has great influence on the yield and quality of citrus reishi fruits. The traditional method only applies organic fertilizer for 11 months and applies compound fertilizer for multiple times, which does not accord with the citrus fertilization requirement rule, while the invention applies organic fertilizer once in 5 months and 11 months respectively, and applies compound fertilizer once in 5 months, which accords with the citrus fertilization requirement rule.
2. The traditional method has a large fertilizing amount, but the annual rainfall capacity of the dry and hot valley areas of the Jinsha river is 550mm at 300-. The invention adopts a water and fertilizer integration technology, increases the soil humidity under the condition of lower fertilizing amount, realizes water and fertilizer coupling, and improves the nutrient absorption level of the Wo citrus. The fertilizing method provided by the invention is more suitable for the climate characteristics of the Or citrus planted in the dry and hot valley areas of Jinshajiang river.
3. The traditional method mainly uses a macroelement simple substance fertilizer, lacks a trace element fertilizer, and influences the quality of the Or. According to the invention, the water-soluble fertilizer containing corresponding trace elements is applied for six times according to the nutritional requirements of the Wo citrus for growth, so that the quality of the Wo citrus is improved.
The invention not only reduces the using amount of the fertilizer, but also improves the yield and the quality of the Or.
Detailed Description
Taking the Wai base of Wai Gao Co., Ltd, Yunnan Waogu Co., Ltd, of six villages, Kunmu village, on a Tao Source town of Nengjiang City, Yunnan province as an example, the base is located at an altitude of 1310 m, an average annual temperature of 21.9 ℃ and an average annual rainfall of 492mm, and is a typical Jinsha Jianggan Hot valley region. The variety of the Or is nucleated, is planted in 2016, has the planting specification of 2.8 m x 1.8 m, is planted in 130 plants per mu, and has the test time of 2 months in 2019 to 4 months in 2020. The specific implementation mode is as follows:
1. applying fruit setting fertilizer in the last ten days of 5 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure and 100 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, the farmyard manure is a mixture of decomposed bagasse, sheep manure and oil cake, the compound fertilizer is (15-15-15), and the fertilizing method is that the farmyard manure and the compound fertilizer are applied annularly around the fertile orange crown by ditching, covering soil, and then carrying out drip irrigation for 4 times, once every 5 days, and the amount of drip irrigation for each time is 900 kg/mu; the purpose of the fertilization is to improve the fruit setting rate of the Or.
2. Applying strong fruit fertilizer for the first time in the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 5 kg/mu of high-nitrogen water soluble fertilizer (30-10-10+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding 900 kg/mu of water; the purpose of the fertilization is fruit strengthening.
3. Applying strong fruit fertilizer for the second time in the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 5 kg/mu of high-nitrogen water soluble fertilizer (30-10-10+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding 900 kg/mu of water; the purpose of the fertilization is fruit strengthening.
4. In 7-8 months of rainy season, cutting the tip of summer, weeding and not applying fertilizer. The ineffective consumption of the fertilizer is realized by cutting the summer shoots and weeding.
5. Applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the first time in the last ten days of 9 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 5 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding 900 kg/mu of water; the purpose of this fertilization was to enlarge the fruit.
6. Applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the second time in the last ten days of 9 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 5 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding 900 kg/mu of water; the purpose of this fertilization was to enlarge the fruit.
7. Applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the third time in the last ten days of 10 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 5 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding 900 kg/mu of water; the purpose of this fertilization was to enlarge the fruit.
8. Applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the fourth time in the last ten days of 10 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 5 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding 900 kg/mu of water; the purpose of this fertilization was to further enlarge the fruit.
9. Applying winter fertilizers in the last ten days of 11 months, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure, the farmyard manure is a mixture of decomposed bagasse, sheep manure and oil cake, the fertilizer application mode is that the farmyard manure is applied in a ring manner by ditching around a citrus wok tree crown, covering soil, and then carrying out drip irrigation on clean water for 4 times, once every 6 days, and the drip irrigation amount is 900 kg/mu each time. Firstly, the fruit quality of the current year is guaranteed, and secondly, the flower bud branches of the next year are protected.
The results of the test field are shown in table 1, and compared with the traditional method, the yield of the invention is increased by 201.6 kg/mu, and the benefit is increased by 3159 yuan/mu.
Table 1: the invention compares the yield, the output value and the cost with the traditional method
Note: 1. calculating according to the market price of the Or per kilogram;
2. calculating according to the market price of the high-nitrogen water soluble fertilizer of 6.4 yuan/kg;
3. calculating according to the market price of the high-potassium water soluble fertilizer of 6.8 yuan/kg;
the content of vitamin C and the content of soluble solids of the Or fruit harvested in the test field are obviously higher than those of the Or fruit harvested by the traditional method, and the quality of the Or fruit harvested in the test field reaches the standard of green food grade. The product quality test results are detailed in table 2.
Table 2: product quality comparison table of the present invention and the traditional method
Note: the pesticide residue detection items comprise: fenvalerate, carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, methamidophos and carbofuran.
Claims (3)
1. A method for fertilizing citrus reishi in dry and hot river valley areas of Jinshajiang river comprises the steps of applying fruit fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit expanding fertilizer according to the sequence of growth cycles of citrus reishi, and is characterized in that:
(1) applying fruit setting fertilizer in the last ten days of 5 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2500 kilograms per mu of farmyard manure 2000 and 80-120 kilograms per mu of compound fertilizer, the fertilizing method is that the farmyard manure and the compound fertilizer are applied annularly around the citrus reiliana crown by ditching, covering soil, and then carrying out drip irrigation on clean water for 3-5 times, once every 5-6 days, and the amount of each drip irrigation is 1000 kilograms per mu;
(2) applying strong fruit fertilizer for the first time in the last ten days of 6 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-nitrogen water soluble fertilizer (30-10-10+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800-;
(3) applying strong fruit fertilizer for the second time in late 6 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-nitrogen water soluble fertilizer (30-10-10+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800-;
(4) applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the first time in the last ten days of 9 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800 plus materials by 1000 kg/mu;
(5) applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the second time in the last ten days of 9 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800 plus materials by 1000 kg/mu;
(6) applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the third time in the last ten days of 10 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800 plus materials by 1000 kg/mu;
(7) applying the swelling fruit fertilizer for the fourth time in the last ten days of 10 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 4-6 kg/mu of high-potassium water soluble fertilizer (10-10-30+ TE), applying fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, and adding water by 800-;
(8) applying winter fertilizers in late 11 months, wherein the fertilizing amount is 2500 kg/mu of farmyard manure 2000-.
2. The method for fertilizing citrus reiliana in dry and hot valley areas of Jinshajiang river as claimed in claim 1, wherein the farmyard manure is a mixture of decomposed bagasse, sheep manure and oil cake.
3. The fertilizing method for citrus aurantium linn in dry and hot river valley areas of Jinshajiang river as claimed in claim 1, wherein summer shoots are cut in 7-8 months, and weeding and no fertilizing are carried out.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2011048803A (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-10 | Tetsumasa Yamamoto | Production and supply system of agricultural product |
| CN105961119A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-28 | 象州县科学技术局 | High-yield cultivation method for citrus reiculata Blanco |
| CN109042042A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2018-12-21 | 广西中欧鲜农电子商务有限责任公司 | The implantation methods of fertile mandarin orange |
| CN109258037A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-25 | 广西中欧鲜农电子商务有限责任公司 | The fertilizing method of fertile mandarin orange |
| CN110178625B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-07-02 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Management method of Wo citrus bearing trees |
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