CN111534471B - 一种粘细菌培养基及培养方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种粘细菌培养基及培养方法。本发明的粘细菌培养基以可溶性淀粉和大肠杆菌菌体作为碳、氮源,含有大肠杆菌菌体7.5g/L,可溶性淀粉1.5g/L,取代粘细菌常用培养基VY/2中的酵母,灭菌后按常规操作进行粘细菌的接种。无论是固体培养基还是液体培养基均能促进包括Corallococcus sp、Chondromyces apiculatus、Nannocystis exedens、Myxococcus macropsorus、Archangium gephyra、Pyxidicoccus fallax等在内的粘细菌的生长,缩短培养周期,促进难培养粘细菌的可培养性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种粘细菌培养基及培养方法。
背景技术
粘细菌是原核生物中一类具有复杂多细胞群体行为的革兰氏阴性细菌,分布于δ-变细菌纲粘细菌目(Myxococcales),能够实现种内细胞间的信号传递和感应,协同摄食、运动和聚集发育形成子实体,具有显著的社会学特征,被认为是高等的原核生物。同时,粘细菌在各类生境中分布广泛,其典型生境包括土壤、沼泽、污泥、海洋、沙漠、食草动物粪便等。粘细菌受到人们关注的另一个原因是粘细菌是一类捕食性微生物,能够产生多种抗菌物质、次级代谢产物、胞外酶等,以多种策略杀死猎物细胞。粘细菌产生的活性物质具有丰富多样、结构新颖、作用机制独特、功能多效的特点,这使得粘细菌成为继放线菌之后的又一大类尚待开发的新型战略药源微生物资源。此外,粘细菌在植物病原菌防治、水体富营养化消除、废弃物资源化利用、清洁能源生产等方面具有应用前景。
然而,粘细菌分离纯化困难且耗时,资源匮乏,目前世界范围内能够纯培养的粘细菌仅有62个种,远低于具有2500多个种的另一类同为药源微生物的放线菌。国际上保存粘细菌菌株数量最全的保藏单位是德国的国家生物技术研究中心(GBF),而在美国ATCC保藏中心的粘细菌也仅有少量保存。在我国的几个大的菌种库中,粘细菌的保藏量也很少。粘细菌形成子实体的时间一般较长,大多数是在10天左右形成,少数也可能需要更长的时间。长期以来,粘细菌的研究受限于菌株的获取和培养。总的来说,由于粘细菌细胞代时很长、生长速率缓慢,这些原因给粘细菌的分离纯化、功能研究、产业化利用带来困难,这也是开展粘细菌相关研究和利用工作的重要瓶颈之一。
由于粘细菌不同于普通细菌的特性,粘细菌并不能在常见的富营养培养基上正常生长。上世纪60、70年代,人们以Mxococcus xanthus作为模式菌,研究了粘细菌营养细胞生长和发育过程的营养需求,逐渐形成了以酪蛋白胨、酵母提取物、酵母等作为主要营养物质的粘细菌专用培养基。但是,由于粘细菌来源广泛、生境差异性大,这些主流培养基并不能满足所有粘细菌的生长需求,有些粘细菌甚至出现在这些常用培养基上生长缓慢、退化严重等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中粘细菌培养基的上述不足,发明人在研究了目前所有可培养粘细菌对生物大分子底物的利用情况后,提供了一种以可溶性淀粉和大肠杆菌菌体作为培养基碳氮源的粘细菌培养基及利用其对粘细菌进行培养的方法,以加速粘细菌的生长,缩短生长周期,促进难培养粘细菌的可培养性。
本发明的粘细菌培养基,其以可溶性淀粉和大肠杆菌菌体作为碳、氮源。
优选,所述的粘细菌培养基,含有大肠杆菌菌体7.5g/L(湿重),可溶性淀粉1.5g/L。
优选,所述的粘细菌培养基,含有大肠杆菌菌体7.5g/L(湿重)、可溶性淀粉1.5g/L、CaCl2·2H2O 1g/L、3-吗啉丙磺酸(Mops)10mM、VB12 0.5mg/L和琼脂粉15g/L,余量为水;pH 7.2。
本发明还提供一种粘细菌培养方法,接种粘细菌于所述的粘细菌培养基进行培养。
优选,所述的粘细菌为Corallococcus sp.、Chondromyces apiculatus、Nannocystis exedens、Myxococcus macropsorus、Archangium gephyra或Pyxidicoccusfallax。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果:
本发明通过向培养基中添加粘细菌很容易利用的可溶性淀粉和捕食性粘细菌最常见的猎物大肠杆菌作为碳氮源,培养基中的淀粉很容易被粘细菌水解利用,大肠杆菌菌体被水解能够满足粘细菌生长对氨基酸和生长因子的需求,具有促进粘细菌菌落扩展的作用,缩短了粘细菌的培养周期,这有利于粘细菌分离过程中的纯化,缩短其分离筛选周期。同时,在粘细菌规模化生产应用方具有能够降低人力物力和资源消耗成本的潜力。
附图说明
图1是可培养粘细菌对酵母、大肠杆菌、淀粉的裂解及利用情况。
图2是6种粘细菌在4种培养基上菌落扩展直径。
图3是6种粘细菌在4种培养基上生长不同天数菌落扩展直径变化。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:EM培养基的设计和配制
通过文献查找,本实施例统计了48种可培养粘细菌(涵盖粘细菌目的孢囊杆菌亚目Cystobacterineae、堆囊菌亚目Sorangiineae和侏囊菌亚目Nannocystineae)的底物大分子利用能力,包括Archangium gephyra、Archangium disciforme、Archangium minus、Archangium violaceum、Aggregicoccus edonensis、Cystobacter fuscus、Hylangiumminutum、Melittangium boletus、Stigmatella aurantiaca、Vitiosangium cumulatum、Vitiosangium subalbum、Myxococcus virescens、Myxococcus stipitatus、Myxococcusmacrosporus、Myxococcus xanthus、Myxococcus fulvus、Myxococcus 10x22、Corallococcus coralloides、Corallococcus macrosporus、Pyxidicoccus fallax、Simulacricoccus ruber、Vulgatibacter incomptus、Minicystis rosea、Sorangiumcellulosum、Byssovorax cruenta、Jahnella thaxteri、Polyangium fumosum、Polyangiumsorediatum、Polyangium spumosum、Chondromyces apiculatus、Chondromyces crocatus、Chondromyces lanuginosus、Chondromyces pediculatus、Chondromyces robustus、Aetherobacter fasciculatus、Aetherobacter rufus、Racemicystis crocea、Sandaracinus amylolyticus、Phaselicystis flava、Labilithrix luteola、Haliangiumochraceum、Haliangium tepidum、Kofleria flava、Nannocystis konarekensis、Nannocystis exedens、Plesiocystis pacifica、Enhygromyxa salina、Pseudenhygromyxasalsuginis。结果发现目前可培养粘细菌中有相当比例的物种无法裂解酵母,有10%的孢囊杆菌、50%的堆囊菌和60%的侏囊菌无法裂解酵母(图1);而绝大部分的粘细菌具有对大肠杆菌的裂解能力,90%的孢囊杆菌、90%的堆囊菌和全部的侏囊菌均可裂解大肠杆菌菌体,并且可以利用淀粉的粘细菌比例也比较高,超过50%的孢囊杆菌、超过90%的堆囊菌和至少40%的侏囊菌可水解淀粉。因此,设计了改变纯化培养基成分来改善粘细菌的纯化,即以大肠杆菌和淀粉作为营养的纯化培养基用于粘细菌的纯化。
设计EM培养基:大肠杆菌Escherichia coli菌体7.5g/L(湿重),可溶性淀粉1.5g/L,CaCl2·2H2O 1g/L,3-吗啉丙磺酸(Mops)10mM,VB12 0.5mg/L,琼脂粉15g/L;pH 7.2。
EM培养基配制方法如下:
(1)配制营养肉汤液体培养基,高温高压灭菌后接种大肠杆菌,37℃、180rpm震荡培养16-18h后,离心收集大肠杆菌菌体。
(2)转移7.5g大肠杆菌湿菌体至约100ml去离子水中,搅拌均匀后加热至不再产生大量气泡(避免后续高温高压灭菌中产气过多),使菌体在水溶液中均匀分散,得大肠杆菌液。
(3)称取1.5g可溶性淀粉溶解于约10ml去离子水中,然后加入约100ml沸水中,并搅拌至液体澄清透明,得淀粉液。
(4)称取1g CaCl2·2H2O,2.093g MOPS(3-吗啉丙磺酸),加入约700ml去离子水中,搅拌直至溶解;加入(2)和(3)中配好的大肠杆菌液和淀粉液,调节pH至7.2,加入15g琼脂粉,用去离子水定容至1L;高温高压灭菌。
(5)灭菌结束后,待培养基冷却至约50℃时加入浓度为5mg/ml的无菌VB12(维生素B12)溶液100μl,混匀后倒入培养皿制成EM平板。
实施例2:6株粘细菌在EM培养基和其他3种常见培养基上的生长
分别配制以下培养基并高温高压灭菌:EM(见实施例1)、VY/2(含酵母粉5g/L,CaCl2·2H2O 1g/L,Mops 2.093g/L,调pH7.2,琼脂15g/L;灭菌后冷却至50℃时加入5mg/ml的无菌VB12溶液100μl/L)、MD1(含酪蛋白胨6g/L,可溶性淀粉2g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 2g/L,CaCl2·2H2O 0.4g/L)、CTT培养基(含K2HPO4 1mM,MgSO4·7H2O 2g/L,Tris 10mM,酪蛋白胨10g/L,调pH 7.2)。
在粘细菌的培养过程中,我们发现包括Corallococcus、Archangium、Pyxidicoccus、Chondromyces等属许多粘细菌转接2-3次以后就无法在VY/2培养基上正常扩展和生长。本实施例中分别接种Corallococcus sp.M48,Chondromyces apiculatusSD34M12,Nannocystis exedens M113,Myxococcus macropsorus SD34M9,Archangiumgephyra SD34M1,Pyxidicoccus fallax NL03M16至上述4种培养基,每株菌每种培养基接种5个平板,比较它们在不同培养基上的扩展情况,接种方法如下:取生长良好的种子平板,用灭菌的200μl移液吸头插入移液器的那一端钻取带菌琼脂块,将有菌一面朝向培养基接种至新的平板中央位置。将平板放入恒温培养箱,30℃条件下培养,视生长情况每2-3天用游标卡尺测定菌落扩展直径。
菌落扩展直径变化见图3,图中扩展直径为5个平板的平均值,并展示标准误,同一时间点折线图上的不同字母表示扩展直径有显著差异(P<0.05,Tukey HSD检验)。在出现菌落扩展至平板边缘时停止统计(视不同种粘细菌,统计结束时间分别为接种后8天、10天或者13天),停止统计时菌落扩展情况见图2。6株菌株在EM培养基上的扩展和生长状况好于VY/2、MD1和CTT。发现一株Chondromyces apiculatus仅能在EM培养基上正常生长。
Claims (2)
1.一种粘细菌培养基,其特征在于,含有大肠杆菌菌体7.5g/L、可溶性淀粉1.5g/L、CaCl2·2H2O 1g/L、3-吗啉丙磺酸10mM、VB12 0.5mg/L和琼脂粉15g/L,余量为水,pH 7.2;所述的粘细菌为Corallococcus sp.、Chondromyces apiculatus、Nannocystis exedens、Myxococcus macropsorus、Archangium gephyra或Pyxidicoccus fallax。
2.一种粘细菌培养方法,其特征在于,接种粘细菌于权利要求1所述的粘细菌培养基进行培养;所述的粘细菌为Corallococcus sp.、Chondromyces apiculatus、Nannocystisexedens、Myxococcus macropsorus、Archangium gephyra或Pyxidicoccus fallax。
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