CN111527822A

CN111527822A - Treatment method, artificial planting and wild tending method of gentiana dabryi seeds

Info

Publication number: CN111527822A
Application number: CN202010333884.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘德旺; 于娟; 岳鑫; 杨永兴
Original assignee: Inner Mongol Bio Tech Ltd Rui Chen; Inner Mongolia Medical University
Current assignee: Inner Mongol Bio Tech Ltd Rui Chen; Inner Mongolia Medical University
Priority date: 2020-04-24
Filing date: 2020-04-24
Publication date: 2020-08-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-24
Also published as: CN111527822B

Abstract

The invention discloses a treatment method of gentiana flaccida seeds, artificial planting and wild tending methods. The processing method comprises the following steps: drying the seeds, vacuum sealing, and freezing and storing at-18 deg.C or below; taking out the frozen and stored seeds 2-5 days before sowing, and sieving to obtain full and impurity-free seeds; washing the screened seeds with water, then soaking the seeds in the water for 2 to 4 hours, finally soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of gibberellin and humic acid for 12 to 36 hours, placing the seeds in a coating machine for coating, successively adding bacteriostatic agent, water-retaining agent and red clay powder into the coating machine, spraying clear water for coating the seeds, adding repellent after coating is finished, mixing the mixture evenly, placing the mixture in a room for ventilation and drying, and airing the mixture until the water content is 30 to 50 percent. The method for treating the gentiana dabryi seeds, the artificial planting method and the wild tending method, provided by the invention, apply modern agricultural technology, introduce mechanization, improve the production efficiency and the standardization level of the gentiana dabryi medicinal material production, and reduce the production cost.

Description

Treatment method, artificial planting and wild tending method of gentiana dabryi seeds

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal material planting, in particular to a method for treating gentiana flaccida seeds, artificial planting and wild tending methods.

Background

Gentiana flaccida (Gentianadahurica Fischer), also known as Gentiana macrophylla, is one of basic raw medicinal materials of Gentiana macrophylla specified in 2015 edition pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China, and is used for expelling wind-damp, reducing deficiency heat and stopping arthralgia by root, and mainly treating symptoms such as arthritis, low fever and the like; the flower is used as Mongolian medicine for clearing lung-heat, relieving cough and removing toxicity.

The gentiana rigescens is a perennial herb, is distributed in places such as Sichuan, northwest, North China, northeast and the like, grows in sand lands, ditch edges, sunny slopes, hay lands and the like of riverlands, and is suitable for mountainous areas with 870 and 4500 m gravel soil hills at altitude. The method is characterized in that the seedlings are fond of yin at the seedling stage, are afraid of drought and sunlight burn, are drought-resistant after plants are grown, 2-6 branch roots grow in a rotating mode in a single main root under the ground surface, black brown phloem remains on the surfaces of the branch roots, plant growth and substance accumulation are influenced by comprehensive factors such as geographical features, climatic environment and ecological factors, and the northern foot of the inner Mongolia cloaca belongs to a temperate zone arid grassland plant area which is a genuine production area of the gentiana flaccida medicinal material and is mainly derived from wild resources at present.

The traditional Dawuli gentian seeding period is spring (5 middle and last ten days), the annual average ground temperature in hilly areas of northern foot of the hills in the mountains is 8-20 ℃ and the annual average water content of soil is 25-45%, and tests prove that the optimal germination ground temperature of Dawuli gentian seeds is 25-30 ℃ and the annual average water content of soil is 60-75%. The best sowing season of the gentiana damascena is described as summer, but not spring.

After sowing in spring, frequent sprinkling irrigation and shading are needed to keep soil moist, meanwhile, substances inducing seed dormancy exist in mature seeds, the seeds can germinate and emerge after 30 days under the conditions, otherwise, the seeds cannot germinate and emerge or are killed by drought stress, the germination rate and emergence rate of the seeds are low, the germination and growth seasons of the seeds and the germination and growth seasons of weeds are overlapped, and multiple weeding is needed, so that the difficulty and the production cost of field management of the gentiana rigescens in seedling stage are increased.

Therefore, how to develop a method for treating gentiana dabryi seeds, artificial planting and wild tending method, which can improve the production efficiency and standardization level of medicinal materials and reduce the production cost, is a technical problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a treatment method, artificial planting and wild tending method of gentiana dabryi seeds.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a treatment method of gentiana dabryi seeds comprises the following steps:

(1) seed storage: drying the seeds, vacuum sealing, and freezing and storing at-18 deg.C or below;

(2) screening: 2-5 days before sowing, taking out the seeds frozen and stored in the step (1), and sieving to obtain full and impurity-free seeds;

(3) releasing dormancy: washing the seeds screened in the step (2) with water, then soaking in water for 2-4h, and finally soaking in a mixed solution of gibberellin and humic acid for 12-36h for later use;

(4) coating: and (3) putting the seeds which are released from dormancy in the step (3) into a coating machine for coating, gradually adding the bacteriostatic agent, the water-retaining agent and the red clay powder into the coating machine, spraying clear water for coating the seeds, adding the repellent after coating, uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a room for ventilation and drying, airing until the water content is 30-50%, and placing the mixture in a cool place for temporary storage for later use.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can prolong the service life and activity of seeds by storing, screening, releasing seed dormancy and coating seeds, and freezing and storing the seeds at the temperature of below 18 ℃ in a vacuum sealing way, and test results show that the service life of the seeds stored in the sealing and freezing way is 10 times of that of the seeds stored in the natural way, the reduction speed of the viability of the gentiana dabryi seeds stored under the normal temperature condition is higher, and the viability of the seeds is reduced by about 50 percent in summer. The invention prolongs the seed life by changing the storage condition, the biological activity of the seeds can be prolonged for 2 to 3 years, and the germination rate is kept above 80 percent. The mixed solution of gibberellin and humic acid is used for treating seeds and seed coatings, so that the seeds can be promoted to germinate rapidly, and the germination time of the seeds is shortened 1/3 compared with the natural germination time; the seed coating components can effectively avoid the harm of microorganisms and insects to the seeds, and can obviously improve the germination rate, the emergence rate and the growth vigor of the seeds, thereby improving the production efficiency of medicinal materials and reducing the production cost.

Further, the seeds in the step (1) are dried until the water content is 12-13%.

Further, in the mixed solution of gibberellin and humic acid in the step (3), the concentration of gibberellin is 400-600ppm, and the mass concentration of humic acid is 0.005-0.05%.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the mature seeds of the gentiana damascena contain substances inducing seed dormancy, the seeds can germinate and emerge after being sowed in spring by frequent sprinkling irrigation and shading to keep the soil moist for 30 days, otherwise the seeds cannot germinate and emerge, are killed by drought stress or have low germination rate and emergence rate. The seed dormancy can be relieved by treating the mature seeds of the gentiana damascena with the mixed solution of gibberellin and humic acid, so that the seed germination time is shortened to 7 days, and the production and management cost in the seedling emergence period is reduced.

Further, the addition amounts of the bacteriostatic agent, the water-retaining agent, the red clay powder, the repellent and the clear water in the step (4) are respectively as follows: 15-60g of bacteriostatic agent, 1000g of water-retaining agent 400-.

Further, the bacteriostatic agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of carbendazim, 5-10 parts of agricultural streptomycin, wherein the water-retaining agent is water-absorbent resin, the red clay powder is high-plasticity clay, and the repellent is camphor powder.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the invention can improve the water absorption and water retention of the seeds after coating, simultaneously avoid the damage of insects, fungi, bacteria and the like to the seeds during the seeding and seedling emergence period, is beneficial to the germination of the seeds and improves the rate of emergence and the growth vigor.

Further, the rotating speed of the coating machine in the step (4) is 30 r/min.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: under the condition, the seed coating is uniform and stable, and the production efficiency is highest.

The invention also provides an artificial planting method of the gentiana flaccida, which comprises the following steps:

1) selecting a sowing season and a land: selecting a sunny mountain slope with a gentle terrain, ploughing and sowing after rainfall for 7-8 months, carrying out rotary tillage, and manufacturing a seedbed according to the wheel track of an agricultural machine;

2) the sowing method comprises the following steps: setting landmarks on two sides of a field, marking by using far infrared rays and controlling an operating route of an agricultural machine to ensure that seedling ridges are flat and straight, treating the Gentiana rigescens seeds according to the seed treatment method, sowing the Gentiana rigescens seeds and simultaneously sowing buckwheat seeds in a mixed manner, leveling after sowing, and harvesting mature buckwheat in autumn;

3) field management: weeding in intertillage for 6-7 months every year, using a rotary cultivator to implement straight operation of an agricultural machine along the far infrared rays of the landmark, removing weeds on the back of ridges by combining with an intertillage hoe, and manually weeding furrows;

4) harvesting: collecting medicinal materials every 9-10 months, wherein the collection period is 3-4 years;

5) processing: collecting the medicinal materials, air drying for 1-3 days, cleaning, air drying until the water content of the medicinal materials is 30-50%, cutting into 3-5mm thick pieces, sun drying, colliding with mesh type roller, screening, and air separating to remove impurities to obtain purified decoction pieces.

Further, the width of the blade of the rotary cultivator blade in the step (4) is 15-20cm, seedlings are not damaged during weeding, and the rotary cultivation depth is 2-4 cm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages that the tillage and the seeding are carried out after the rainfall is carried out for 7-8 months, the soil moisture content and the ground temperature are favorable for the seed germination and the seedling survival rate, the full seedling is realized in 10-15 days, adverse factors on the seeding, such as drought in the north foot of the hills, low air temperature, overlapping with the germination and growth season of weeds and the like, can be avoided, the times of farmland irrigation and weeding are reduced, the planting efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

The buckwheat seeds are sown in a mixed mode while the Gentiana flaccida seeds are sown, the buckwheat seedlings come out of the ground first to become shady objects of the Gentiana flaccida seedlings, the weak period of the seedlings is passed, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved.

Multiple branch roots of the gentiana straminea grow in a rotating mode, residual blackish phloem of the gentiana straminea is mixed among the twisted branch roots, the gentiana straminea is not easy to wash and remove, and effective substances are easy to lose after long-time soaking. The medicinal materials are collected and then aired for 1-3 days to be withered, so that the Chinese medicinal materials are prevented from being broken in a large amount in the cleaning process, the medicinal materials are aired to the water content of 30-50% after being cleaned, and the medicinal materials are cut into thick pieces of 3-5 mm. The residual withered black phloem is cut up simultaneously in the slicing process, the decoction pieces are easy to separate from the rootlets after being dried, and then the purified decoction pieces can be obtained after collision, screening and air separation, so that the processing of the decoction pieces in the producing area is realized. The loss of effective substances caused by secondary cleaning, infiltration, slicing and drying of dried medicinal materials is avoided, and the quality of the gentiana flabellata decoction pieces is greatly improved.

Further, the ridge distance of the seedling ridges in the step 2) is 25-30cm, the row distance of the sowed Gentiana wuli seeds is 25-30cm, and the plant distance is 5-10 cm.

Further, the sowing amount of the gentiana dabryi seeds in the step 2) is 1.5-2 kg/mu.

Further, the row spacing of the mixed sowing buckwheat seeds in the step 2) is 25-30cm, and the row spacing is 5-10 cm.

The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the seeding quantity and the row spacing of the gentiana dabryi seeds and the buckwheat seeds are determined by calculation according to biological characteristics (observation data of phenological period) of the gentiana dabryi, the land use efficiency is considered while the plant growth is facilitated, the accuracy of agricultural machinery operation is facilitated by the standard row spacing and the far infrared ray marks, the loss is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

The invention also provides a wild tending production method of the gentiana flaccida, which comprises the following steps:

selecting a typical temperate drought grassland distributed with wild Gentiana flaccida or a space zone of a land returning and returning to a forest in the area as a wild tending and producing area of the Gentiana flaccida;

sowing: treating the gentiana flaccida seeds according to the method, sowing for 7-8 months, and broadcasting the seeds in a wild tending production area before or during rainfall;

harvesting: harvesting medicinal materials in 9-10 months, reserving 1-3 stock plants per square meter, kneading the ears of the stock plants to scatter seeds around the harvesting holes when harvesting the medicinal materials, and burying with soil;

fourthly, constructing a net fence with more than 500 mu on a gentle sunny mountain slope to serve as a Gentiana damascena germplasm resource garden, and harvesting mature seeds in autumn every year

Furthermore, the harvested medicinal materials are harvested by using a special tool, the special tool comprises a connecting rod, a double handle, a shovel pick head and a power-assisted rod, the double handle and the shovel pick head are arranged at two ends of the connecting rod, the power-assisted rod is embedded into the upper end of the shovel pick head, and the connecting rod is embedded into the side face of the power-assisted rod; the connecting rod is parallel on a plane with spade pick and helping hand pole, and wherein the both handles are connected with the connecting rod is perpendicular, is the T font, and the helping hand pole is connected with the connecting rod, is the L font, and the spade pick is the arc of flattening, and the arc spade pick bow of flattening faces forward, and at dorsal part edging, the spade pick is spring steel board, and both handles, connecting rod and helping hand pole are the steel pipe, outward appearance zinc-plating. The selective harvesting does not damage the grassland, does not influence the moderate grazing during the production period, has small damage to the natural vegetation, well controls each production period, and can realize the sustainable utilization of natural resources. The special tool is used for collecting the medicinal materials, so that the damage to surface vegetation can be reduced, part of stock plants are reserved, artificial sowing assistance is facilitated, natural recovery and expansion of the population are facilitated, and sustainable utilization of resources is realized.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the sowing period is changed, the Gentiana flaccida Linn seeds are treated according to a specific method in advance, and because the seeds are released from dormancy and are suitable for seed germination under natural temperature and humidity conditions in summer, plants of natural vegetation play a role in shading the seedlings of the Gentiana flaccida Linn, so that the Gentiana flaccida Linn seedlings grow faster and have higher survival rate. The wild population quantity of the gentiana flabellata can be enlarged as soon as possible, medicinal materials are produced under the competitive condition of natural biological diversity, and the quality of the medicinal materials is better.

The method comprises the steps of harvesting seeds in autumn every year, picking the fruit cluster and placing the fruit cluster in a plastic barrel, airing the fruit cluster on canvas due to the small size of the Gentiana flaccida seeds, grinding the fruit cluster and screening the seeds, and then carrying out vacuum sealing and freezing storage.

The method selects a typical temperate zone drought grassland with wild Gentiana flaccida Willd distribution, builds a net fence on a gentle sunny mountain slope to serve as a planting resource garden, avoids the excessive influence of livestock, recovers the state of natural vegetation, moderately intervenes artificial sowing in the early stage, mainly depends on natural breeding of the population to protect natural vegetation, can prevent and control the genetic degradation of the population through free competition between biological diversity and the population, and maintains the stress resistance and the competitiveness of the Gentiana flaccida Willd germplasm, so that high-quality seeds required for production can be continuously obtained.

The harvesting season of the traditional Dawuli gentian at northern foot of Yin mountain is mostly in the plant flower season of 7-8 months, the reason is that the traditional medicinal materials are mostly in wild, the flower season is convenient for field identification and collection and is not beneficial to the quality of the medicinal materials, the nutrient components of the overground part of the plant are completely transferred to the underground root after withering (9-10 months per year), and the artificial planting makes the change of the harvesting time of the medicinal materials possible. The invention determines that the harvesting season is 9-10 months, and can obviously improve the components (gentiopicrin and loganin) of the standard substance of the medicinal material of the gentiana straminea maxim, thereby improving the quality of the medicinal material and the uniformity of the product.

According to the method, the seed dormancy is relieved, modern agricultural concepts and technologies such as seed storage, production environment, agricultural mechanization and ecological protection are combined, a treatment method, artificial planting and wild tending method of the gentiana rigescens seeds are innovatively developed, the modern agricultural technology is applied, the agricultural mechanization is introduced, the GAP standard is combined, the quality, the production efficiency and the standardization level of the gentiana rigescens medicinal material are improved, the production cost of the medicinal material is reduced, the market supply of the gentiana rigescens medicinal material is guaranteed, the harmonious development of human and nature is realized, and good economic, social and ecological benefits are achieved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of the germination rate of Gentiana wuli seeds under normal temperature storage conditions according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change of the germination rate of Gentiana wuli seeds under the cryopreservation condition of-18 ℃ provided by the invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different gibberellin concentrations on the germination rate of Gentiana flaccida seeds provided by the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the content of gentiopicroside and loganinate in the medicinal materials of Gentiana flaccida of the present invention at different harvest periods.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The method for treating the gentiana dabryi seeds comprises the following steps:

(1) seed storage: drying seeds, vacuum sealing, freezing below-18 deg.C, and storing, drying seeds until water content is 12%;

(2) screening: on the 2 nd day before sowing, taking out the seeds frozen and stored in the step (1), and sieving to obtain full and impurity-free seeds;

(3) releasing dormancy: washing the seeds sieved in the step (2) with water, then soaking the seeds in the water for 2 hours, and finally soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of gibberellin and humic acid for 12 hours for later use, wherein the concentration of the gibberellin is 400ppm, and the mass concentration of the humic acid is 0.005%;

(4) coating: putting the seeds which are released from dormancy in the step (3) into a coating machine for coating, wherein the rotating speed of the coating machine is 30r/min, adding a bacteriostatic agent, a water-retaining agent and red clay powder into the coating machine, spraying clear water for coating the seeds, adding a repellent after coating is finished, uniformly mixing, placing the seeds in a room for ventilation and drying, airing until the water content is 30%, placing the seeds in a cool place for temporary storage, and keeping the seeds in reserve, wherein the addition amounts of the bacteriostatic agent, the water-retaining agent, the red clay powder, the repellent and the clear water are respectively: 15g of bacteriostatic agent, 400g of water-retaining agent, 2000g of red clay powder, 5g of repellent and 2000g of clear water are added into per 10000g of seeds, and the bacteriostatic agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10g of carbendazim, 5g of agricultural streptomycin, water-retaining agent of water-absorbent resin, red clay powder of high plasticity clay, and repellent of camphor powder.

The artificial planting method of the gentiana flabellata comprises the following steps:

2) the sowing method comprises the following steps: setting landmarks on two sides of a field, controlling an operating route of an agricultural machine by using far infrared marks, ensuring that a seedling ridge is straight, treating the Gentiana darriensis seeds according to the treatment method of the Gentiana darriensis seeds, sowing the Gentiana darriensis seeds and simultaneously performing mixed sowing on buckwheat seeds, leveling the land after sowing, harvesting mature buckwheat in autumn, wherein the ridge distance of the seedling ridge is 25cm, the row spacing of the sowed Gentiana darriensis seeds is 25cm, the row spacing is 5cm, the row spacing of the mixed sowing buckwheat seeds is 25cm, and the row spacing is 5 cm;

5) processing: the preparation method comprises collecting the medicinal materials, air drying for 1-3 days, cleaning, air drying until the water content of the medicinal materials is 30%, cutting into pieces with thickness of 3mm, sun drying, colliding with mesh type roller, screening, and air separating to remove impurities to obtain purified decoction pieces.

The wild tending production method of the gentiana dabulii comprises the following steps:

harvesting: collecting medicinal materials with a special tool for 9-10 months, and reserving 2 stock plants per square meter. When the medicinal materials are harvested, kneading and crushing part of ears to enable seeds to be scattered around the harvesting holes, and burying the ears with soil;

and fourthly, constructing a net fence with the area of more than 500 mu on a gentle sunny mountain slope to serve as a Gentiana damascena germplasm resource garden, only using the net fence for seed production without harvesting medicinal materials, and harvesting mature seeds in autumn every year.

Example 2

(1) seed storage: drying seeds, vacuum sealing, freezing below-18 deg.C, and storing, drying seeds until water content is 12.4%;

(3) releasing dormancy: washing the seeds sieved in the step (2) with water, then soaking the seeds in the water for 3 hours, and finally soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of gibberellin and humic acid for 20 hours for later use, wherein the concentration of the gibberellin is 500ppm, and the mass concentration of the humic acid is 0.01%;

(4) coating: putting the seeds which are released from dormancy in the step (3) into a coating machine for coating, wherein the rotating speed of the coating machine is 30r/min, adding a bacteriostatic agent, a water-retaining agent and red clay powder into the coating machine, spraying clear water for coating the seeds, adding a repellent after coating is finished, uniformly mixing, placing the seeds in a room for ventilation and drying, airing until the water content is 40%, placing the seeds in a cool place for temporary storage, and keeping the seeds in reserve, wherein the addition amounts of the bacteriostatic agent, the water-retaining agent, the red clay powder, the repellent and the clear water are respectively: 38g of bacteriostatic agent, 600g of water-retaining agent, 4000g of red clay powder, 8g of repellent and 3000g of clear water are added into per 10000g of seeds, and the bacteriostatic agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30g of carbendazim, 8g of agricultural streptomycin, water-retaining agent of water-absorbent resin, red clay powder of high plasticity clay, and repellent of camphor powder.

2) the sowing method comprises the following steps: setting landmarks on two sides of a field, controlling an operating route of an agricultural machine by using a far infrared marker, ensuring that a seedling ridge is straight, treating the Gentiana darriensis seeds according to the treatment method of the Gentiana darriensis seeds, sowing the Gentiana darriensis seeds and simultaneously performing mixed sowing on buckwheat seeds, leveling the buckwheat seeds after sowing, harvesting mature buckwheat in autumn, wherein the ridge distance of the seedling ridge is 30cm, the row spacing of the sowed Gentiana darriensis seeds is 30cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, the row spacing of the mixed sowing buckwheat seeds is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 10 cm;

3) field management: intertillage weeding is carried out every 7 months, a rotary cultivator is used, agricultural machinery straightening operation is carried out along the far infrared rays of the landmarks, weeds on the back of ridges are removed by combining the intertillage hoe, and the furrows are manually pulled out;

5) processing: the preparation method comprises collecting the medicinal materials, air drying for 2 days, cleaning, air drying until the water content of the medicinal materials is 40%, cutting into 4mm thick pieces, air drying, colliding with mesh type roller, screening, and air separating to remove impurities to obtain purified decoction pieces.

harvesting: collecting medicinal materials with a special tool for 9-10 months, and reserving 1 stock plant per square meter. When the medicinal materials are harvested, kneading and crushing part of ears to enable seeds to be scattered around the harvesting holes, and burying the ears with soil;

Example 3

(1) seed storage: drying seeds, vacuum sealing, freezing below-18 deg.C, and storing until the water content is 13%;

(2) screening: on the 5 th day before sowing, taking out the seeds frozen and stored in the step (1), and sieving to obtain full and impurity-free seeds;

(3) releasing dormancy: washing the seeds sieved in the step (2) with water, then soaking the seeds in the water for 4 hours, and finally soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of gibberellin and humic acid for 36 hours for later use, wherein the concentration of the gibberellin is 600ppm, and the mass concentration of the humic acid is 0.05%;

(4) coating: putting the seeds which are released from dormancy in the step (3) into a coating machine for coating, wherein the rotating speed of the coating machine is 30r/min, adding a bacteriostatic agent, a water-retaining agent and red clay powder into the coating machine, spraying clear water for coating the seeds, adding a repellent after coating is finished, uniformly mixing, placing the seeds in a room for ventilation and drying, airing until the water content is 50%, placing the seeds in a cool place for temporary storage, and keeping the seeds in reserve, wherein the addition amounts of the bacteriostatic agent, the water-retaining agent, the red clay powder, the repellent and the clear water are respectively: 60g of bacteriostatic agent, 1000g of water-retaining agent, 8000g of red clay powder, 10g of repellent and 4000g of clear water are added into 10000g of seeds, and the bacteriostatic agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50g of carbendazim, 10g of agricultural streptomycin, water-retaining agent of water-absorbent resin, red clay powder of high plasticity clay, and repellent of camphor powder.

5) processing: the preparation method comprises collecting the medicinal materials, air drying for 1-3 days, cleaning, air drying until the water content of the medicinal materials is 50%, cutting into 5mm thick pieces, sun drying, colliding with a mesh type roller, screening, and air separating to remove impurities to obtain purified decoction pieces.

harvesting: collecting medicinal materials with special tool for 9-10 months while keeping 3 stock plants per square meter. When the medicinal materials are harvested, kneading and crushing part of ears to enable seeds to be scattered around the harvesting holes, and burying the ears with soil;

The method has the advantages that the method for selectively harvesting the medicinal materials by using the special tool does not damage the grassland, does not influence moderate grazing during production, has small damage to natural vegetation, well controls each production period, and can realize sustainable utilization of natural resources. The special tool comprises a connecting rod, a double handle, a shovel pick head and a power-assisted rod, wherein the double handle and the shovel pick head are arranged at two ends of the connecting rod, the power-assisted rod is embedded into the upper end of the shovel pick head, and the connecting rod is embedded into the side surface of the power-assisted rod; the connecting rod is parallel on a plane with spade pick and helping hand pole, and wherein the both handles are connected with the connecting rod is perpendicular, is the T font, and the helping hand pole is connected with the connecting rod, is the L font, and the spade pick is the arc of flattening, and the arc spade pick bow of flattening faces forward, and at dorsal part edging, the spade pick is spring steel board, and both handles, connecting rod and helping hand pole are the steel pipe, outward appearance zinc-plating.

Effect test:

test 1: the change of the germination rate of the gentiana wuliensis seeds under the normal-temperature storage condition is compared with the change of the germination rate of the gentiana wuliensis seeds under the-18 ℃ freezing storage condition, the change of the germination rate of the gentiana wuliensis seeds under the normal-temperature storage condition is shown in figure 1, the change of the germination rate of the gentiana wuliensis seeds under the-18 ℃ freezing storage condition is shown in figure 2, according to the comparison, the seed life can be prolonged under the-18 ℃ freezing storage condition, the biological activity of the seeds can be prolonged by 2-3 years, and the germination rate can be kept above 80%.

Test 2: the method adopts gibberellin to break the dormant substances, promotes germination within 7-9 days, verifies the seed quality through the germination rate, and has the specific test method and steps that:

preparation of disinfectant: 1g of 25% carbendazim wettable powder and 40mg of gentamicin are dissolved in 80ml of distilled water and are mixed evenly, and the mixture is filled into a brown reagent bottle for standby.

Releasing the dormancy: the dormancy state of the seeds is relieved by soaking the seeds with gibberellin solution, the influence results of different gibberellin concentrations on the germination rate of the Gentiana darriensis seeds are shown in figure 3, the germination rate is the highest after soaking the seeds with gibberellin of 500ppm, and therefore the concentration of the gibberellin solution for treating the seeds is determined to be 400-600 ppm.

③ the seed soaking method: washing and soaking the Gentiana darriensis seeds in water for 2 hours at the room temperature of below 25 ℃, then soaking the seeds in 400-ppm gibberellin solution for 24 hours, and then placing the seeds in a culture dish.

Preparing a culture medium: putting a first layer of filter paper in the culture dish, dripping disinfectant into the culture dish, uniformly saturating the culture dish, putting a second layer of filter paper, dripping a small amount of distilled water, and uniformly putting Gentiana flaccida seeds on the culture dish, wherein the seed spacing is 0.8 mm.

Culture conditions: the culture dish with the seeds is placed in an artificial climate box with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 50 percent, and the seeds are observed every day, timely supplemented with water and disinfectant to keep the seeds moist.

Observation of results: counting by taking the radicle breakthrough of the seeds as a seed germination mark, generally beginning germination in 7-9 days, lasting for 9 days, and taking the germination rate as a seed activity and quality judgment standard.

Standard for qualified seeds: the thousand grain weight reaches 0.20 to 0.25 g; ash content is lower than 5%; ③ the water content of the seeds is lower than 10 percent; the germination rate of the seeds is 85-95%.

According to the above tests it was demonstrated that: the concentration of the gibberellin solution is determined to be 400-600ppm, so that the seed dormancy can be effectively relieved, the germination rate and the emergence rate of seeds are improved, the production efficiency of medicinal materials is improved, and the production cost is reduced.

Test 3:

the test for determining the optimal harvesting period of the gentiana uralensis medicinal material comprises the following steps:

the method for collecting and processing the gentiana flaccida medicinal material specified in the Chinese pharmacopoeia of 2015 edition comprises the following steps: digging in spring and autumn, and removing silt; removing black skin of radix Gentianae Marcrophyllae when it is fresh, and sun drying.

The test design and detection method of the invention comprises the following steps: collecting 50g of DAWULIDIANLIAN sample in the same region every month in different months (6-11 months), processing and drying according to Chinese pharmacopoeia method, and extracting with gentiopicroside (C) under the item of radix Gentianae Marcrophyllae₁₆H₂₀O₉) And loganin acid (C)₁₆H₂₄O₁₀) Measuring content of the calibration substance by high performance liquid chromatography, and drawing content curves of gentiopicroside and loganin acid in the medicinal materials of Gentiana veitchiorum at different harvesting periodsFigure, the optimum harvest time is determined by studying the analysis graph.

The test results obtained by the test according to the above-mentioned method are shown in table 1 and figure 4,

TABLE 1 DAWULINIANTIAN medicinal material sample collection record table

Batches of	Harvesting part	Location of harvest	Time of harvest
				1	All grass of herbaceous plants	Wuchuan county large green mountain village Kangba (eighteen dishes)	2017.06.30
2	All grass of herbaceous plants	Najin ditch village after Wuchuan county win the village	2017.07.25
				3	All grass of herbaceous plants	Wuchuan county win the ditch country and the country	2017.08.25
4	All grass of herbaceous plants	Wuchuan county win-village wine house	2017.09.25
				5	All grass of herbaceous plants	Wuchuan county east city	2017.10.31

According to medicinal material property observation, the main root of the Gentiana da-li crude drug growing for more than four years is mostly withered and twisted with withered phloem, the impurities of the medicinal material are obviously increased, the optimal harvesting time of the Gentiana da-li crude drug is determined to be 3-4 years, the optimal harvesting season is 9-10 months, and the spring is not the optimal harvesting time.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A treatment method of gentiana dabryi seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(3) releasing dormancy: washing the seeds sieved in the step (2) with water, soaking the seeds in water for 2 to 4 hours, and then soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of gibberellin and humic acid for 12 to 36 hours for later use;

2. The method for treating gentiana dabrya seed as claimed in claim 1, wherein said seed of step (1) is dried to a moisture content of 12-13%.

3. The method for treating gentiana dabrya seed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the mixed solution of gibberellin and humic acid in step (3), the concentration of gibberellin is 400-600ppm and the mass concentration of humic acid is 0.005-0.05%.

4. The method for treating gentiana dabryi seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the addition amounts of the bacteriostatic agent, the water-retaining agent, the red clay powder, the repellent and the clear water are respectively as follows: 15-60g of bacteriostatic agent, 1000g of water-retaining agent 400-.

5. The method for treating gentiana dabrya seed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bacteriostatic agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of carbendazim, 5-10 parts of agricultural streptomycin, the water-retaining agent is water-absorbent resin, the red clay powder is high-plasticity clay, and the repellent is camphor powder.

6. The method for treating gentiana dabrya seeds of claim 1, wherein the coating machine of step (4) is operated at a speed of 30 r/min.

7. An artificial planting method of gentiana flaccida is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) selecting a sowing season and a land: selecting a sunny hilly land with a gentle topography, ploughing and sowing after rainfall for 7-8 months, rotary tillage and manufacturing a seedbed according to the wheel track of an agricultural machine;

2) the sowing method comprises the following steps: setting landmarks on both sides of a field, controlling an agricultural machine operation route by using far infrared ray markers to ensure that a seedling ridge is flat, treating the gentiana wulii seeds according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, mixedly sowing buckwheat seeds while sowing the gentiana wulii seeds, leveling after sowing, and harvesting mature buckwheat in autumn;

8. The artificial planting method of Gentiana flaccida Linne as claimed in claim 7, wherein the ridge spacing of the seedling ridges in step 2) is 25-30cm, the row spacing of the sown Gentiana flaccida Linne seeds is 25-30cm, and the plant spacing is 5-10 cm.

9. A wild tending production method of gentiana dabulii is characterized by comprising the following steps:

sowing: treating gentiana dabrya seeds according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, sowing for 7-8 months, sowing the seeds in a wild tending production area before or during rainfall;

fourthly, constructing more than 500 mu of net fences on gentle sunny hillsides of the terrain to serve as a seed resource garden of the gentiana damascena, and harvesting mature seeds in autumn every year.