CN111517875B - Medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111517875B
CN111517875B CN202010396174.XA CN202010396174A CN111517875B CN 111517875 B CN111517875 B CN 111517875B CN 202010396174 A CN202010396174 A CN 202010396174A CN 111517875 B CN111517875 B CN 111517875B
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medium
parts
source
tobacco
trace element
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CN111517875A (en
Inventor
张继光
戴华伟
高加明
王英俊
刘明宏
彭玉龙
丁飞
万军
岳阳
邱军
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Hubei Branch Of China National Tobacco Corp
Shandong Zibo Tobacco Co ltd
Zunyi Tobacco Co Of Guizhou Tobacco Corp
Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS
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Hubei Branch Of China National Tobacco Corp
Shandong Zibo Tobacco Co ltd
Zunyi Tobacco Co Of Guizhou Tobacco Corp
Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein medium-trace elements are added into the fertilizer to meet the requirement of tobacco growth, and compound amino acid is added to accelerate the absorption of the medium-trace elements and improve the utilization rate of the elements; the biochar is added to load medium and trace elements, so that antagonism between the medium and trace elements is avoided. The slow release fertilizer provided by the invention has high utilization rate of elements, avoids the antagonism among the elements and achieves slow release and sustained release. The invention also provides a preparation method of the medium and trace slow release fertilizer for tobacco, and further provides an application method of the slow release fertilizer in the tobacco planting process.

Description

Medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco fertilizers, in particular to a medium-trace element slow-release fertilizer for tobacco and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
A large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements are needed in the tobacco growing process, and in the tobacco cultivating process, the medium trace elements can also improve the yield and the quality of the tobacco. The tobacco has various nutrient deficiency symptoms due to the deficiency of medium and trace elements, and even can not grow normally.
The addition of other elements to tobacco fertilizers has been explored in the current market as well as research areas. For example, patent CN108191583A discloses a scheme of adding zinc chloride, potassium nitrate and the like into a tobacco fertilizer, which applies medium trace elements during the growth of tobacco, but the elements exist in the form of ions, and on one hand, mutual antagonism can be caused, which affects absorption; on the other hand, the water-soluble trace elements directly enter the tobacco field to form insoluble salt with anions in soil, so that the application effect and the utilization rate of the trace elements are seriously influenced, and the effect of the trace elements on the growth of tobacco is not achieved.
For the problems of low utilization rate and mutual antagonism of medium and trace elements in the using process at present, a scheme is provided that the elements are sequentially applied to avoid the interaction between the medium and trace elements, for example, the influence of the application increasing medium and trace element fertilizer on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and the quality of tobacco leaves (Caesalpinia cristata, Gunn shawu, Yang, Hu east, Kingyujin, Liqingwu, Machuli, Liu Shiming, Hunan agricultural science, 2016 (1): 27-29, 33) is matched with tobacco base fertilizer to apply special tobacco topdressing particles and other fertilizers and potassium sulfate, wherein the topdressing particles comprise topdressing particles 1 (special tobacco topdressing particles, the B content is 3%, the nitrate nitrogen is more than or equal to 60%) and topdressing particles 2 (special tobacco topdressing and nitrate nitrogen are more than or equal to 60%); other fertilizers comprise a granular magnesium fertilizer, a granular zinc fertilizer and a boron fertilizer, elements required for the growth of tobacco are applied, but the operation of applying additional fertilizer granules is complex, different elements are applied in a grading manner, so that the fertilization is complex, and the problems of antagonism and low utilization rate of medium and trace elements in the application process are not really solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a medium and trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of biochar, 10-30 parts of compound amino acid and Mg2+20-40 parts of source, Fe2+4-8 parts of source, Cu2+2-4 parts of source, Zn2+4-8 parts of source, 4-8 parts of borax and NH4 +2-4 parts of a source, 1-2 parts of a selenium source and 2-4 parts of a alginic acid source.
Preferably, the medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises: 50-70 parts of biochar, 15-25 parts of compound amino acid and Mg2+25-35 parts of source, Fe2+5-7 parts of source, Cu2+2-3 parts of source, Zn2+5-7 parts of source, 5-7 parts of borax and NH4 +3-4 parts of a source, 1-2 parts of a selenium source and 2-3 parts of a alginic acid source.
Preferably, said Fe2+Source, Cu2+Source, Zn2+Source, NH4 +Source, Mg2+The source is a chlorine-free water-soluble salt of the respective ion.
Preferably, the NH is4 +The source is ammonium molybdate.
Preferably, the selenium source is selenite.
Preferably, the complex amino acids include valine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and histidine.
The invention provides a preparation method of the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing Fe2+Source of Cu2+Source, Zn2+Source, borax, NH4 +Source, Mg2+Dissolving a source and a selenium source in water to obtain a medium-trace element aqueous solution, wherein the water and the Fe2+The mass ratio of the sources is 160-320: 4-8;
(2) uniformly mixing the medium trace element aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) with biochar, and obtaining biochar-medium trace element mixed solution after 12-24 hours;
(3) mixing the biochar-medium trace element mixed solution obtained in the step (2) with compound amino acid and a alginic acid source to obtain a slow release fertilizer precursor solution;
(4) and (4) drying and crushing the slow release fertilizer precursor liquid obtained in the step (3) to obtain the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco.
Preferably, the particle size of the biochar is 40-80 meshes.
Preferably, the drying is air-blast drying, the temperature is 80-130 ℃, the time is 12-36 hours, and the particle size of the medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for the tobacco is 40-100 meshes.
The invention provides the application of the medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco, and the using amount of the medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco is 6.1875 kg-12.375 kg per mu of tobacco field.
The medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco provided by the invention comprises the following components: 40-80 parts of biochar, 10-30 parts of compound amino acid and Mg2+20-40 parts of source, Fe2+4-8 parts of source, Cu2+2-4 parts of source, Zn2+4-8 parts of source, 4-8 parts of borax and NH4 +2-4 parts of a source, 1-2 parts of a selenium source and 2-4 parts of a alginic acid source; the proportion of the components of the medium-trace element slow release fertilizer provided by the invention meets the fertilizing requirement of tobacco on medium-trace elements, and through the synergistic effect of the components, the medium-trace element slow release fertilizer has the characteristics of high element utilization rate and slow and sustained release, is simple to fertilize, and is not easy to generate antagonistic action among the medium-trace elements.
According to the invention, the adsorption of the biochar on the medium and trace elements is utilized, the chelation is carried out by combining the compound amino acid, and because the reaction sites of the loaded medium and trace elements are different when the loaded medium and trace elements and the amino acid form a chelated state, the chelated medium and trace elements are gradually dissociated from the biochar and gradually changed into a free state to enter the soil solution to be absorbed by tobacco in the processes of absorption, decomposition and utilization of the amino acid by the crop root system and soil microorganisms after the fertilizer is applied to soil. In the dissociation process, the medium and trace elements of the chelated fertilizer are slowly released, so that the antagonism among the elements is avoided, the plant utilization rate of the elements is improved, and a good slow release effect is achieved.
In the invention, the addition of the alginic acid source has the effect of improving quality and enhancing efficiency and promotes the absorption of trace elements in tobacco. Compared with the fertilizer which is not added, the fertilizer containing the alginic acid source is applied, so that the utilization rate of the medium trace elements is improved, and the yield per mu of the tobacco, the yield per mu value, the first-grade tobacco proportion, the chemical components of the tobacco and other yield quality indexes are obviously improved.
In the invention, the biochar is used as a medium-trace element loaded material, has higher specific surface area, abundant pore structures and surface functional groups, and has the characteristics of low price, easy obtainment, ecological environmental protection, obvious adsorption effect and the like compared with other mesoporous materials. Various medium and trace elements are loaded on the biochar, and because the biochar has a large specific surface area and different adsorption capacities and sites of active functional groups to different medium and trace elements, the medium and trace elements loaded on the biochar can react with compound amino acid to generate a chelated state under the action of the active groups such as amino groups, carboxyl groups and the like in the compound amino acid participating in a chelation reaction of metal ions. After the formed slow release fertilizer is applied to soil, the root system and microorganisms in the soil environment absorb and degrade amino acid, and trace elements in a chelated state are gradually dissociated; the medium and trace elements loaded in the biochar are influenced by the medium and trace elements and have concentration gradient difference, and the medium and trace elements are continuously desorbed from the biochar and become free for crops to absorb and utilize. The slow release process of the medium and trace elements in the fertilizer ensures that the medium and trace elements have less antagonistic action and are not easily fixed by soil minerals, ensures the effective absorption of the medium and trace elements by tobacco, and improves the utilization rate of the medium and trace elements. Meanwhile, after the amino acid is absorbed by the tobacco root system, the amino acid necessary for the tobacco is supplemented, the rapid growth of the tobacco is stimulated and regulated, the absorption of medium and trace elements is promoted, the development of the tobacco root system is promoted, the disease resistance of the tobacco is enhanced, and the improvement of the yield and quality of the tobacco is finally facilitated.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of charcoal, 10-30 parts of compound amino acid and Mg2+20-40 parts of source, Fe2+4-8 parts of source, Cu2+2-4 parts of source, Zn2+4-8 parts of source, 4-8 parts of borax and NH4 +2-4 parts of a source, 1-2 parts of a selenium source and 2-4 parts of a alginic acid source.
If not specifically stated, the sources of the specific raw materials of the medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco have no special requirements, and the medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco can be obtained by adopting commercial products well known to those skilled in the art.
The medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises, by weight, 40-80 parts of biochar, preferably 50-70 parts, and more preferably 60 parts. In the invention, the particle size of the biochar is 40-80 meshes, and preferably 60-70 meshes. The source of the biochar is not particularly limited in the invention, and the biochar well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted; in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the biochar preferably comprises the following steps:
carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on biomass, wherein the pyrolysis carbonization is carried out under the anaerobic or oxygen-limited condition to obtain carbonized biomass;
soaking the carbonized biomass in a potassium hydroxide solution for activation to obtain activated charcoal;
And cleaning and drying the activated charcoal to obtain the charcoal.
The invention has no special limitation on the type and source of the biomass, and the biomass for preparing the biochar well known to the technical personnel in the field can be adopted; in an embodiment of the invention, the biomass is selected from crop straws or agricultural and forestry waste resources, the crop straws comprise one or more of straws of tobacco, corn, wheat and rice, and the agricultural and forestry waste resources comprise one or more of waste inferior tobacco leaves, tree branches, peanut shells and rice shells.
In the invention, the temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization is 350-500 ℃, and is preferably 400-450 ℃; the pyrolysis carbonization time is 2-4 h, preferably 3 h. In the present invention, the anaerobic or oxygen-limited condition with an oxygen content below 5% is preferably obtained by filling nitrogen or maintaining a closed condition;
before the activation, the carbonized biomass obtained by pyrolysis and carbonization is preferably cooled and crushed, and the crushed carbonized biomass is sieved by a 40-80-mesh sieve (or the particle size reaches 180-380 μm);
in the invention, the molar concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution for activation is 0.5-2.5 mol/L, and preferably 1.5 mol/L; the soaking time is 12-24 hours, and preferably 18 hours; in the soaking process, the carbonized biomass is preferably stirred, and the stirring frequency is preferably 3-5 times;
After the activation, the activated charcoal is preferably cleaned and filtered by clear water until the filtrate is in a near-neutral condition;
the drying method is not particularly limited in the invention, and the technical scheme of drying known to the skilled person can be adopted; in the embodiment of the invention, the drying is preferably drying, and the drying temperature is 80-130 ℃, preferably 100-120 ℃; the drying time is preferably 24 hours;
after drying, the obtained substance is crushed and sieved by a sieve of 40-80 meshes to prepare the biochar, and the biochar is preferably sieved by a sieve of 60-70 meshes.
In the invention, the biochar is used as a loading material, has different adsorption capacities for different elements, has different time for medium and trace elements to enter soil, has less antagonism for the medium and trace elements, and ensures the absorption of the tobacco for the medium and trace elements.
The medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of compound amino acid, preferably 15-25 parts, and more preferably 20 parts. The compound amino acid used in the embodiment of the invention is Qianji brand compound amino acid of Jinan Qianji chemical Limited, and mainly comprises 18 kinds of free amino acids, wherein the free amino acids comprise 9 kinds of essential amino acids including valine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and histidine, the content of the 9 kinds of essential amino acids accounts for about 25% of the total amount, and the content of each kind of amino acid accounts for about 45% of the total amount. The source of the complex amino acid is not limited to the source in the present embodiment, and the complex amino acid may include the above 9 essential amino acids.
According to the invention, on one hand, the compound amino acid can form a chelated state with the medium trace element to prepare a chelated fertilizer, so that the medium trace element is easily absorbed by tobacco, and the utilization rate of the medium trace element is improved; on the other hand, the added amino acid has essential amino acid for tobacco growth, so that the growth requirement of the tobacco can be met, and the growth of the tobacco is promoted.
The medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises, by weight, 20-40 parts of Mg2+The source is preferably 25 to 35 parts, and more preferably 30 parts. In the present invention, the Mg2+The source is preferably a water-soluble magnesium salt, more preferably a chlorine-free water-soluble magnesium salt, and further preferably MgSO4。
The medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises, by weight, 4-8 parts of Fe2+The source is preferably 5 to 7 parts, and more preferably 6 parts. In the present invention, the Fe2+The source is preferably a water-soluble ferrous salt, more preferably a chlorine-free water-soluble ferrous salt, and still more preferably FeSO4。
The medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises, by weight, 2-4 parts of Cu2+The source is preferably 2 to 3 parts, and more preferably 2 parts. In the present invention, the Cu2+The source is preferably a water-soluble copper salt, more preferably a chlorine-free water-soluble copper salt, and even more preferably CuSO 4。
The medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises 4-8 parts by weight of Zn2+The source is preferably 5 to 7 parts, and more preferably 6 parts. In the present invention, the Zn is2+The source is preferably a water soluble zinc salt, more preferably a chlorine free water soluble zinc salt,further preferably ZnSO4。
The medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises, by weight, 4-8 parts of borax, preferably 5-7 parts of borax, and more preferably 6 parts of borax.
The medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises, by weight, 2-4 parts of NH4 +The source is preferably 3 to 4 parts, and more preferably 3 parts. In the present invention, the NH4 +The source is preferably a water soluble ammonium salt, more preferably ammonium molybdate.
The medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises 1-2 parts by weight of selenium source, preferably 1 part by weight. In the present invention, the selenium source is preferably selenite, more preferably sodium selenite.
The medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises 2-4 parts by weight of alginic acid source, preferably 2-3 parts by weight. In the present invention, the alginic acid source is preferably potassium alginate. By adding the alginic acid source with a proper proportion, the acre yield and the output value of the tobacco and the quality indexes of important chemical components in the treated roasted tobacco leaves, such as total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium-chlorine ratio and the like, are improved, the potassium-chlorine ratio is in a range of less than 10, the higher the ratio is, the better the quality of the tobacco leaves is, and the content of nicotine, total nitrogen and the like which restrict the quality indexes of the tobacco leaves is reduced.
The invention provides a preparation method of a medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing Fe2+Source, Cu2+Source, Zn2+Source, borax, NH4 +Source, Mg2+Dissolving a source and a selenium source in water to obtain a medium-trace element aqueous solution, wherein the water and the Fe2+The mass ratio of the sources is 160-320: 4-8;
(2) uniformly mixing the medium trace element aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) with biochar, and reacting for 12-24 hours to obtain biochar-medium trace element mixed solution;
(3) mixing the biochar-medium trace element mixed solution obtained in the step (2) with compound amino acid and a alginic acid source to obtain a slow release fertilizer precursor solution;
(4) and (4) drying and crushing the slow release fertilizer precursor liquid obtained in the step (3) to obtain the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco.
In the present invention, water and Fe2+The mass ratio of the sources is 160-320: 4-8, preferably 200-280: 5-7.
In the invention, the mixing time of the medium trace element aqueous solution and the biochar is preferably 12-24 h, and more preferably 18 h; the mixing is preferably carried out by means of mechanical stirring.
In the invention, in the step (3), the biochar-medium trace element mixed solution is mixed with the compound amino acid and alginic acid, preferably in a stirring mode, and the mixture is stirred until the compound amino acid and the alginic acid source are completely dissolved, and the color of the mixture is changed into black brown after chelation is completed, so as to obtain the slow release fertilizer pre-solution.
In the invention, the obtained liquid before the slow release fertilizer is dried in the step (4), wherein the drying is preferably carried out for 12-36 h under the condition of air blast drying at 80-130 ℃, more preferably for 12-24 h under the condition of air blast drying at 100-120 ℃, and the drying time can be 12h, 18h, 20h or 24 h.
In the invention, the liquid before the slow release fertilizer is dried and then crushed, and the crushed particle size is 40-100 meshes, preferably 80-100 meshes.
The invention provides application of the medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco, and the amount of the medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco is 6.1875 kg-12.375 kg per mu of tobacco field. The application time is carried out before flue-cured tobacco transplanting, and a method of ridge forming after stripe application or hole application after ridge forming is adopted.
The invention provides a slow release fertilizer for tobacco medium trace elements and a preparation method thereof, which are described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Preparing biochar: pyrolyzing and carbonizing tobacco straw and waste inferior tobacco leaves and tobacco wastes for 3 hours in a 400 ℃ oxygen-limited condition (a relatively closed carbonization furnace, wherein the oxygen content is controlled below 5%), cooling and crushing, soaking and stirring biochar by using 1.5mol/L potassium hydroxide solution for 12 hours, uniformly stirring for 3 times in the middle, cleaning and filtering by using clean water until the filtrate is in a near-neutral condition, drying for 24 hours at 105 ℃, crushing and sieving by using a 60-mesh sieve for later use.
Example 2
(1) Putting 1.25kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.25kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.125kg of copper sulfate, 0.25kg of zinc sulfate, 0.25kg of borax, 0.125kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.0625kg of sodium selenite into a container, adding 10kg of clear water, and fully stirring to fully dissolve and uniformly mix the materials to obtain a medium-trace element aqueous solution;
(2) adding 2.5kg of biochar into the container of the medium trace element aqueous solution in the step (1), uniformly mixing, and stirring, mixing and reacting for 12 hours to obtain biochar-medium trace element mixed solution;
(3) adding 1.25kg of compound amino acid and 0.125kg of potassium alginate into the biochar-medium trace element mixed solution to obtain a slow release fertilizer front solution;
(4) and (3) drying the slow release fertilizer precursor solution at 80 ℃ for 36h, cooling and crushing the slow release fertilizer precursor solution into 60-mesh particles to obtain the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer 1 for tobacco.
Example 3
(1) 2.5kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.25kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.125kg of copper sulfate, 0.5kg of zinc sulfate, 0.5kg of borax, 0.25kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.0625kg of sodium selenite are taken and put into a container, and 15kg of clear water is added for full stirring to ensure that the magnesium sulfate, the ferrous sulfate, the copper sulfate, the zinc sulfate and the sodium selenite are fully dissolved and uniform;
(2) and (3) uniformly mixing the medium trace element aqueous solution in the step (1) with 5.0kg of biochar, and carrying out mixing reaction for 24 hours to obtain a biochar-medium trace element mixed solution.
(3) Adding 1.25kg of compound amino acid and 0.125kg of alginic acid into the biochar-medium trace element mixed solution to obtain the slow release fertilizer front liquid.
(4) And (3) drying the slow release fertilizer precursor solution at 120 ℃ for 12h, cooling and crushing the slow release fertilizer precursor solution into particles with the particle size of 100 meshes to obtain the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer 2 for tobacco.
Example 4
(1) Putting 1.5kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.3kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.1kg of copper sulfate, 0.3kg of zinc sulfate, 0.3kg of borax, 0.15kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.05kg of sodium selenite into a container, and adding 15kg of clear water for fully stirring to fully dissolve and homogenize;
(2) and (2) uniformly mixing the medium trace element aqueous solution in the step (1) with 3.0kg of biochar for 12 hours to obtain biochar-medium trace element mixed solution.
(3) Adding 1.0kg of compound amino acid and 0.1kg of potassium alginate into the biochar-medium trace element mixed solution to obtain the slow release fertilizer front liquid.
(4) And drying the slow release fertilizer precursor solution at 100 ℃ for 24h, cooling, crushing, and screening by using a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer 3 for tobacco.
Comparative example 1
(1) Putting 1.25kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.25kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.125kg of copper sulfate, 0.25kg of zinc sulfate, 0.25kg of borax, 0.125kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.0625kg of sodium selenite into a container, adding 10kg of clear water, and fully stirring to fully dissolve and uniformly mix the materials to obtain a medium-trace element aqueous solution;
(2) Adding 2.5kg of biochar into the container of the medium trace element aqueous solution in the step (1), uniformly mixing, and stirring, mixing and reacting for 12 hours to obtain biochar-medium trace element mixed solution.
(3) And adding 1.25kg of compound amino acid (without adding alginic acid) into the biochar-medium trace element mixed solution to obtain a slow release fertilizer precursor solution.
(4) And (3) drying the slow release fertilizer precursor solution at 80 ℃ for 36h, cooling and crushing the dried solution into 60-mesh particles to obtain the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer C1 for tobacco.
Comparative example 2
(1) 2.5kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.25kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.125kg of copper sulfate, 0.5kg of zinc sulfate, 0.5kg of borax, 0.25kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.0625kg of sodium selenite are taken and put into a container, and 15kg of clear water is added for full stirring to ensure that the magnesium sulfate, the ferrous sulfate, the copper sulfate, the zinc sulfate and the sodium selenite are fully dissolved and uniform;
(2) and (3) uniformly mixing the medium trace element aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) in a container, and reacting for 24 hours (without adding biochar) to obtain a medium trace element mixed solution.
(3) And adding 1.25kg of compound amino acid and 0.125kg of potassium alginate into the medium and trace element mixed solution to obtain the slow release fertilizer front solution.
(4) And (3) drying the slow release fertilizer precursor solution at 120 ℃ for 12h, cooling and crushing the slow release fertilizer precursor solution into particles with the particle size of 100 meshes to obtain the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer C2 for tobacco.
Comparative example 3
(1) Putting 1.5kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.3kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.1kg of copper sulfate, 0.3kg of zinc sulfate, 0.3kg of borax, 0.15kg of ammonium molybdate and 0.05kg of sodium selenite into a container, and adding 15kg of clear water for fully stirring to fully dissolve and homogenize;
(2) And (2) uniformly mixing the medium trace element aqueous solution in the step (1) with 3.0kg of biochar, and carrying out ion loading reaction for 12 hours to obtain biochar-medium trace element mixed solution.
(3) Adding 0.1kg of alginic acid (without adding compound amino acid) into the biochar-medium trace element mixed solution to obtain a slow release fertilizer precursor solution.
(4) And (3) drying the slow release fertilizer precursor solution at 100 ℃ for 24h, cooling and crushing the dried solution into 80-mesh particles to obtain the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer pair C3 for tobacco.
Experimental example 1
The prepared medium-trace element slow-release fertilizer 1 for the tobacco is applied to the field, the test is arranged to be carried out in a tobacco field in the town of zichuan Taihe in Shandong province, and the tobacco field soil with similar soil fertility and representative trace element deficiency symptoms is selected. The flue-cured tobacco variety is a local main cultivar NC 55. According to the preparation condition of the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer, the experiment has 3 treatments in total, specifically, as follows, CK is a control for singly applying medium and trace elements, T1 is the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer 1 (example 2), and T2 is the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer C1 (alginic acid is not added in the formula). The experiment was set up with 3 replicates per treatment, each replicate having an area of 222m2. In order to ensure that the fertilizer is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil, the fertilizer is broadcast and applied before ploughing, then ploughing, uniformly raking and ridging are respectively applied with 6.1875kg of CK, T1 and T2 fertilizers per mu, and the types and the dosage of other tobacco field fertilizers are carried out according to a local conventional mode by adopting a mode of equal dosage.
Research results show that the influences of different treatments on the growth and development characteristics, main economic traits and chemical components of tobacco leaves are shown in tables 1-3, and compared with a control with the same amount of medium and trace elements applied independently, the indexes of root, leaf, total biomass and the like of tobacco treated by the slow release microelement fertilizer T1, which reflect the growth and development, are the highest. The yield per mu, the yield per mu value and the proportion of first-class tobacco to middle-class and first-class tobacco processed by T1 are highest, meanwhile, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and total potassium of the tobacco leaves are obviously improved, the content of nicotine is reduced, and the beneficial chemical components and the quality indexes of the tobacco leaves are obviously improved. Secondly, the slow release fertilizer T2 without alginic acid is treated, so that the addition of alginic acid has certain quality and efficiency improvement effects on the trace element slow release fertilizer.
TABLE 1 Effect of different medium-trace element fertilizers on the growth and development of tobacco plants
Figure BDA0002487625750000101
TABLE 2 main economic characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco leaves treated with different medium and trace element fertilizers
Figure BDA0002487625750000111
TABLE 3 main chemical composition of roasted tobacco leaves treated with different medium and trace element fertilizers
Figure BDA0002487625750000112
Experimental example 2
In the field application of the prepared slow-release fertilizer 2, the test arrangement is carried out in a tobacco field in Zunyi Meitan county in Guizhou, and typical tobacco field soil with consistent soil fertility and extremely lacking medium and trace elements is selected, wherein the soil type is brown soil. The flue-cured tobacco variety is a local main cultivated variety Yunyan 87. According to the preparation condition of the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer, the experiment has 3 treatments in total, specifically, as follows, CK is the control of medium and trace element single fertilizer application, T1 is the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer 2 (example 3), and T2 is the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer C2 (the formula is not added with biochar). The experiment was set up with 3 replicates per treatment, each replicate having an area of 222m 2. In order to ensure that the fertilizer is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil, the fertilizer is broadcast and applied before ploughing, then ploughing, uniformly raking and ridging are respectively applied with 12.375kg of CK, T1 and T2 fertilizers and other tobacco field fertilizersThe type and the amount are determined according to the local conventional mode and the like.
Research results show that the influence of different treatments on main agronomic characters and economic characters of flue-cured tobaccos and chemical components of the tobaccos is shown in tables 4-6, and it can be seen that compared with a control CK with the same amount of medium and trace elements applied independently, the slow-release trace fertilizer T1 treatment promotes growth and development characteristics of a tobacco in a bulk stage and simultaneously improves disease resistance and stress resistance of tobacco plants (table 4), so that the acre yield, acre yield value and the proportion of medium and medium grade tobaccos of the treatment are the highest, the total sugar, reducing sugar and total potassium content of the flue-cured tobaccos are remarkably improved, the nicotine content is reduced, the potassium-chlorine ratio of the tobaccos is improved, and the quality of the tobaccos is improved.
Therefore, the beneficial chemical components of the tobacco leaves and the quality indexes of the tobacco leaves are obviously improved by applying the medium-trace element slow release fertilizer, and compared with TI treatment by using the slow release fertilizer T2 without adding the biochar, the biochar has obvious quality and efficiency improvement effects on the trace element slow release fertilizer, and the application effect of the medium-trace element tobacco is further improved.
TABLE 4 influence of different medium-trace element fertilizer treatments on agronomic characters in the clumping stage and incidence of black shank
Figure BDA0002487625750000121
TABLE 5 influence of different medium-trace element fertilizer treatments on the main economic traits of flue-cured tobacco
Figure BDA0002487625750000122
TABLE 6 chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco treated with different medium trace element fertilizers
Figure BDA0002487625750000123
Experimental example 3
In the field application of the prepared slow release fertilizer 2, the experiment is arranged to be carried out in a yellow township tobacco field of Xuan city of Anhui, and the soil fertility I is selectedTypical tobacco field soil with special deficiency of medium and trace elements is brown soil. The flue-cured tobacco variety is a local main cultivated variety Yunyan 97. According to the preparation condition of the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer, the experiment has 3 treatments in total, specifically, as follows, CK is the control of medium and trace element single fertilizer application, T1 is the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer 3 (example 4), and T2 is the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer C3 (compound amino acid is not added in the formula). The experiment was set up with 3 replicates per treatment, each replicate having an area of 222m2. In order to ensure that the fertilizer is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil, the fertilizer is broadcast and applied before ploughing, then ploughing, uniformly raking and ridging are respectively applied with 12.375kg of CK, T1 and T2 fertilizers per mu, and the types and the dosage of other tobacco field fertilizers are carried out according to the local conventional mode and the like.
Research results show that the influence of different treatments on main agronomic characters and economic characters of flue-cured tobaccos and chemical components of tobaccos is shown in tables 7-9, and it can be seen that compared with a control CK with the same amount of medium and trace elements applied independently, the slow release trace element fertilizer T1 treatment promotes the growth and development characteristics of the tobacco in the tobacco block period and simultaneously improves the disease resistance and stress resistance of tobacco plants (table 7), so that the acre yield and acre yield value of the treatment and the proportion of medium and medium grade tobaccos are the highest, the reducing sugar and total potassium content of the flue-cured tobaccos are obviously improved, the nicotine and total nitrogen content are reduced, the potassium-chlorine ratio of the tobaccos is increased, the beneficial chemical components and tobacco quality indexes of the tobaccos are obviously improved by applying the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer, and compared with TI treatment T2 without adding compound amino acids, the compound amino acids have obvious effects of promoting growth, improving yield and improving quality and enhancing effects on the trace element slow release fertilizer, the yield and quality components of the tobacco leaves are optimized, so that the application effect of the tobacco containing medium and trace elements is further optimized and improved.
TABLE 7 influence of different medium-trace element fertilizer treatments on agronomic traits of plateau stage and incidence of bacterial wilt
Figure BDA0002487625750000131
TABLE 8 influence of different medium-trace element fertilizer treatments on main economic traits of flue-cured tobacco
Figure BDA0002487625750000132
TABLE 9 chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco treated with different medium and trace element fertilizers
Figure BDA0002487625750000141
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The application of the medium-trace element slow-release fertilizer for the tobacco is characterized in that the using amount of the medium-trace element slow-release fertilizer for each mu of tobacco field is 6.1875 kg-12.375 kg; the medium-trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-80 parts of biochar, 10-30 parts of compound amino acid and Mg2+20-40 parts of source, Fe2+4-8 parts of source, Cu2+2-4 parts of source, Zn2+4-8 parts of source, 4-8 parts of borax and NH4 +2-4 parts of a source, 1-2 parts of a selenium source and 2-4 parts of potassium alginate; the compound amino acids comprise valine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and histidine; the NH4 +The source is ammonium molybdate;
the preparation method of the biochar comprises the following steps:
Carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on biomass under an anaerobic or limited oxygen condition to obtain carbonized biomass;
soaking the carbonized biomass in a potassium hydroxide solution for activation to obtain activated charcoal;
and cleaning and drying the activated charcoal to obtain the charcoal.
2. Use according to claim 1, whichIs characterized in that the medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of biochar, 15-25 parts of compound amino acid and Mg2+25-35 parts of source, Fe2+5-7 parts of source, Cu2+2-3 parts of source, Zn2+5-7 parts of a source, 5-7 parts of borax, 3-4 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of a selenium source and 2-3 parts of potassium alginate.
3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Fe is2+Source, Cu2+Source, Zn2+Source, Mg2+The source is a chlorine-free water-soluble salt of the respective ion.
4. Use of a cigarette according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the selenium source is selenite.
5. The application of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the medium trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing Fe2+Source, Cu2+Source, Zn2+Source, borax, ammonium molybdate, Mg2+Dissolving a source and a selenium source in water to obtain a medium-trace element aqueous solution, wherein the water and the Fe 2+The mass ratio of the sources is 160-320: 4-8;
(2) uniformly mixing the medium trace element aqueous solution obtained in the step (1) with biochar, and reacting for 12-24 hours to obtain biochar-medium trace element mixed solution;
(3) mixing the biochar-medium trace element mixed solution obtained in the step (2) with compound amino acid and potassium alginate to obtain a slow release fertilizer precursor solution;
(4) and (4) drying and crushing the slow release fertilizer precursor solution obtained in the step (3) to obtain the medium and trace element slow release fertilizer for tobacco.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the biochar has a particle size of 40 to 80 mesh.
7. The application of claim 5, wherein in the step (4), the drying is air-blast drying, the temperature of the air-blast drying is 80-130 ℃, the time of the air-blast drying is 12-36 h, and the particle size of the crushed medium-trace element slow-release fertilizer for the tobacco is 40-100 meshes.
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